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Tratado de la Religión y Virtudes que debe tener el Príncipe Cristiano (The Religion and Virtues of the Christian Prince)/Book 1 · Tratado de la Religión y Virtudes que debe tener el Príncipe Cristiano — Libro Primero: De la religión que debe tener el príncipe
Chapter 9PrincipeCristiano.1.9

La providencia que Dios tiene de todas las cosas, y más particular de los hombres.

The Universal Reach of Divine Providence

God's providential care extends to all creation, from the smallest leaf to the highest heavens, a truth recognized by both scripture and philosophy.

Our holy religion likewise teaches us the careful providence this Lord has over all the things He created, and more particularly over human beings, and still more tender and fatherly over those who love and serve Him as they should; because, just as God is the efficient cause of all things—not only to give them the being they have, but also to preserve for them the being He once gave them, with so great a dependence that if for one moment He ceased from this work, all things would return to that nothing from which they were first created—so it is necessary that He concur with them in all their natural movements, be present in them by essence, move them and direct them to their ends, and by His providence embrace them and reach from end to end with strength and dispose them with gentleness; so that God has providence not only over the heavens but also over the earth, not only over high things but also over low ones, over angels and worms alike, over human beings and over beasts; and there is nothing so lowly and small that it is not under the Lord's providence—He who says that the hairs of our head are all numbered, that no leaf falls from the tree without His will, and that He clothes the fields1 along with the beauty of the flowers and the loveliness of the grass, and other sayings like these, which confirm this truth.2 Even Plato the philosopher knew and taught this, arguing for it with many examples: good doctors who cure every illness, great and small; heads of households who take care of everything in the home; good governors who take charge of and oversee everything in the city; and generals who are the life and soul of their entire army.3

The Equal Majesty of God's Creative Power

Drawing on Saint Augustine, the text argues that God's omnipotence is equally present in the creation of the smallest worm and the loftiest angel.

It takes all of God's omnipotence to create a flower, and just as much to create the loftiest seraph in heaven; no less power is required for the one than for the other, as Saint Augustine says: "Your almighty hand, which is always one and the same, created the angels in heaven and the worms on the earth, and it is no greater in the angels nor lesser in the worms; for just as no hand but yours could create the angel, so no other could create a little worm."4 Creating the sky and creating the smallest leaf on a tree, forming the human body and making a hair white or black—all of this is equally reserved to your omnipotence, for which nothing is impossible. For God, it is no more possible to create a worm than an angel, no more impossible to spread out the sky than a leaf, no easier to form a hair than a body, and no harder to found the earth upon the waters than the waters upon the earth."5 This is from Saint Augustine.

God's Particular Care for Humanity

Because humanity is the crown of creation, God exercises a unique, attentive, and personal providence over every individual soul.

Just as God's power is needed to create any creature, no matter how weak or lowly, his divine providence is also needed to preserve it and guide it toward the end for which the Lord created it. That providence is even more evident in the governance of human beings, because they are like lords over the other things created for their service.6 And since God takes such particular care of plants, flowers, fruits, beasts, fish and birds, and the other things he created for man's service, he will take much greater care of man himself, for whose service he created them. For God's providence over man, though it is not always uniform and of the same kind as his care of other things—which are always one and the same—because man, having free will and being master of his own will, is changeable and shifts from good to evil and from evil to good, and so there must be reward for the good and punishment for the bad, is always most attentive, most particular, and most marvelous.78 The Lord cares for each individual so precisely and personally, as if He had nothing else to do and nothing else to govern but that one person alone. Saint Augustine, that glorious and profound Doctor of the Church, speaks of this so loftily when addressing God—his words are so wonderful that I have decided to include them here.910

Read the original Latin

Enséñanos asimismo nuestra santa religion la providencia tan cuidadosa que este Señor tiene de todas las cosas que crió, y más particular de los hombres, y áun más regalada y paternal de los que le aman y sirven como deben; porque, asi como Dios es causa eficiente de todas las cosas, no sólo para darles el sér que tienen, sino tambien para conservarles el que una vez les dió, con tan gran dependencia, que si un punto cesase de este oficio, todas las cosas se volverian en aquella nada de que ántes fueron criadas; así es necesario que concurra con ellas en todos sus movimientos naturales, y esté por esencia en ellas, y las mueva y endereco á sus fines, y con su providencia las abrace y llcgue de cabo á cabo con fortaleza y las dispongi con suavidad; de manera que Dios tieno providencia, no sólo de los ciclos, sino tambien de la tierra, no sólo de las cosas altas, sino tambien de las bajas, de los ángeles juntamente y do los gusanos, de los hombres y de las bestias, y no hay cosa tan vil y pequeña, que no esté debajo de la providencia del Señor, el cual dice que ticue contados los cabellos de nuestra cabeza, y que no cae la hoja del árbol sin su voluntad, y que El viste los campos TRATADO DEN PRINCIPE CRISTIANO.

con la hermosura de las flores y belleza del heno, y otras sentencias semejantes á éstas, con que se confirma esta verdad. Y hasta Platon, filósofo, la conoció y enseñó, y la persuadió con muchos ejemplos de los buenos médicos, que curan todas enfermedades, grandes y pequefñias; de los pa«dlres de familias, que tienen cuidado do todas las cosas de casa; de los buenos gobernadores, que abrazan y comprenden todas las cosas de la ciudad; de los capitanes generales, que son la vida y ánima de todo su ejército.

Toda la omnipotencia de Dios es menester para criar una flor, y toda para criar el más encumbrado serafin que hay en el cielo, y no se requiere ménos poder para lo uno que para lo otro, como lo dice san Agustin por estas palabras: «Vuestra omnipotente mano, que siempre es una y la misma, crió los ángeles en el cielo y los gusanos en la tierra, y no es mayor en los ángeles ni menor en los gusa108; porque, así como ninguna otra mano que la vuestra pudo criar el ángel, así ninguna otra pudo criar un gusanillo. El criar el cielo y criar la más pequeña hoja del árbol, formar el cuerpo humano y hacer blanco ó negro un cabello, igualmente está reservado á vuestra omnipotencia, para la cual ninuna cosa es imposible; porque no es cosa más posible para Dios criar el gusano que el ángel, ni más imposible extender el cielo que la hoja del árbol, ni más fácil formar un cabello que el cuerpo, ni más dificil fundar la ticrra sobre las aguas que las aguas sobre la tierra.» Esto es de san Agustin. Pues así como es menester el poder de Dios para criar cualquiera criatura, por flaca y vil que seca, así para conservarla y encaminarla al fin para el cual el Sefior la crió, es menester su divina providencia, la cual se muestra más en el gobierno de los hombres, porque son como señores de las demas cosas que se criaron para su servicio. Y pues Dios tiene tan particular cuenta con las plantas, flores, frutas, bestias, peces y aves, y otras cosas que crió para servicio del hombre, mucho mayor la tendrá del hombre mismo, para cuyo servicio lax crió, Pues la providencia que tiene Dios del hombre, aunque no es siempre uniforme y de la misma mancra que la de las otras cosas, que son siempre unas y las mismas, porque el hombre, por tener libre albedrio y ser señor de su voluntad, es vário, y se muda de bien en mal y de mal en bien, y así ha de haber premio para el bueno y castigo para el malo, siempre es muy atenta y muy particular y muy maravillosa.

Tiene el Señor tan menuda y tan particular cuenta con cada uno de los hombres, como si no tuvie$e otra cosa que hacer, ni quo gobernar más que aquel solo hombre, como lo dice altisimamentc el mismo glorioso y profundisimo doctor de la Iglesia san Agustín, hablando con Dios, por las palaLras que, por ser admirables, me ha parecido poner

Scripture echoes

  1. Matt.6.28-Matt.6.30;Luke.12.27-Luke.12.28And why do you worry about clothing? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they do not toil, nor do they spin. Matt.6.29 — Yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. Matt.6.30 — If God so clothes the grass of the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will he not much more clothe you, O you of little faith? Luke.12.27 — Consider the lilies, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin. Yet I tell you, not even Solomon in all his glory was clothed like one of these. Luke.12.28 — If God so clothes the grass in the field, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more will he clothe you, O you of little faith.

Notes

  1. 1Several OCR corruptions in the source were read as: cielos (not ciclos), enderece, llegue, disponga, tiene (not tieno/ticue), de los gusanos (not do), and the running header 'TRATADO DEN PRINCIPE CRISTIANO' was omitted as page furniture. The sentence ends mid-clause; the next section continues with the clothing of the fields.
  2. 2This sentence continues the previous section’s close (God clothes the fields). It is a fragment in the source; the English keeps that continuation shape.
  3. 3Normalized OCR corruptions in the Spanish witness: ‘pequefñias’ → ‘pequeñas’; ‘pa«dlres’ → ‘padres’; ‘cuidado do’ → ‘cuidado de’.
  4. 4Source has OCR corruption 'gusa108'; translated as 'gusanos' (worms), required by the following contrast with 'gusanillo' and Augustine's parallel of angels and worms.
  5. 5Corrected 'ninuna' → 'ninguna' and 'ticrra' → 'tierra' as obvious OCR errors.
  6. 6Corrected 'seca' → 'sea' and 'Sefior' → 'Señor' as OCR errors; sense is 'however weak and lowly it may be' and 'the Lord'.
  7. 7Corrected 'lax' → 'las' and 'mancra' → 'manera' as OCR errors.
  8. 8Spanish 'cuenta' rendered as 'care' (particular providence/attention), not financial 'account', matching 'tan particular cuenta' in the providence chapter.
  9. 9Normalized OCR corruptions in the source: tuvie$e → tuviese; quo → que; altisimamentc → altísimamente; profundisimo → profundísimo; palaLras → palabras.
  10. 10The sentence introduces Augustine’s words as about to be quoted (‘me ha parecido poner’), but no quotation follows in this section unit; translation treats it as Rivadeneira’s lead-in to the citation.

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