Lo que la religion cristiana enseña deben hacer los principes con la misma religion, para conservacion de sus estados.
The King's Duty to the Divine Law
The king is commanded to copy and meditate upon the law of God to ensure the stability of his reign and his own humility.
In Deuteronomy, after God instructed his people on whom to choose as king—commanding that he be one of their own people rather than a foreigner, sharing their faith and religion, and chosen by God himself rather than by their own whims or preferences—he taught what that chosen king should do: «When he is seated on his royal throne, he shall make a copy of this law, based on the original provided by the priests of the tribe of Levi. He is to keep this copy with him and read it all the days of his life, so that he may learn to fear the Lord his God and keep his words and the ceremonies commanded in the law.»12 «Let his heart not grow proud or arrogant toward his brothers, nor let him turn aside from what is commanded, veering to the right or to the left; for if he does this, he and his sons will reign for a long time over Israel.»3 These words come from the Holy Spirit, declaring that the primary and chief concern for kings who reign through him must be to understand and keep his holy law.4 For this reason, he wants the king to copy it out, so that by writing it with his own hand—and remembering that it was written by the finger of God—it may better5 be impressed upon his heart; and he wants him to read it every day, because four marvelous benefits will follow from this.6 The first is to fear God, which is the beginning of wisdom and of all good things. The second is to keep his commandments and ceremonies, because in doing so, the people will keep theirs. The third is not to grow vain with command and with the power and sovereignty of a king, and to know that the person and majesty he represents is not his own, but belongs to the One whose place he holds.7 And finally, the security and firm establishment of their kingdoms for themselves and for their children—which is what kings and princes commonly desire, and what those who pay no attention to this try to gain by the vain reason of state.✦8
Counsel and Obedience in Governance
Joshua and David serve as models for rulers who seek divine guidance through priests and constant meditation on the law.
God commanded Moses to make Joshua commander-in-chief of the whole people of Israel after Moses's days, and after declaring to him the ceremonies by which he was to do it, he says these words: «When Joshua is about to do anything, Eleazar the priest shall first consult God about it, and according to the order Eleazar gives them, Joshua—and all the people of Israel with him—shall go out and come in.»✦ By this, He makes it clear that before beginning anything, it must be committed to God, and that the affairs of peace and war should be governed according to the priest's direction, because of the great care that must be taken with religion in all of them. After Moses had died, God said to Joshua: "Take heart and be very brave and strong, so as to"✦ Keep and carry out the whole law that Moses, my servant, commanded, and don't turn aside from it to the right or the left; that is how you will understand everything you must do. Make sure you always keep the book of this law before you, and meditate on it day and night, so that you may keep and carry out everything written in it; that is how you will understand its ways and walk rightly in them. I am the one who commands all this; be strong, take courage, and be stout-hearted.9 Don't fear or be dismayed, because the Lord your God is with you in everything you undertake. So God wants the governors and general captains of his armies to read and continually meditate on his holy law, so that they may hit the mark in their counsel and undertakings, and so that things may go well for them, having God with them.10 Joshua himself, already old and at the end of his life, charged all his captains and the leading men of the people to do the same, and strongly urged them always to keep God's law before their eyes and to keep it with the utmost diligence. He added these words: «If you do this, the Lord God will root out before you the great and powerful nations, and no one will be able to withstand you; one of you will pursue a thousand of your enemies, because the Lord your God will fight for you, as he has promised; only take the greatest care to love the Lord your God.» The holy king David, who had also experienced this truth and the protection the Lord had given his person and his kingdom because he had striven so carefully to keep his holy law, desired that his son Solomon should follow in his footsteps and be favored by the Lord. When he was about to die, the last words he said to him were these: «I am dying and going the way of all men; be strong, and see that you are a man, and that you keep the commandments of the Lord your God, walk in his paths, and keep his ceremonies, precepts, judgments, and commandments entirely, as they are written in the law of Moses, so that you may understand everything you do and whatever you set your hand to. This is so that the Lord may confirm his words and what he promised me when he said: If your sons keep my law and walk before me in truth, with all their heart, and serve me with all their soul, there will not fail from your line and generation a king to sit on the throne of Israel.»11 And to the same king Solomon, God said: «If you walk in the straight paths I have shown you, and keep my precepts and commandments as David your father kept them, I will give you long years of life.»
The Prince as God's Lieutenant
Kings must recognize their role as viceroys of God, governing according to His design rather than their own will.
Josiah was one of the holiest kings, and the most pleasing to God, of all who ever ruled in the kingdom of Judah. In his day, a book was found in the temple containing the Lord's law, along with the severe warnings it holds for those who don't keep it. When he heard them read, he was shaken and immediately sent to learn what God commanded him to do, adding these words: «God has great wrath against us, because our fathers have neither kept nor obeyed what this book commands.» From this, it's clear that the first and highest concern of kings and princes must be to turn to God and keep His holy law, and to see that all their subjects keep it. When they do so, God grants them prosperity, preserves their kingdoms, and makes them happy and blessed in this life and forever in heaven.12 For since all the kings on earth are not absolute owners and supreme lords of their kingdoms, but viceroys and lieutenants of God—who, as Daniel said, changes times and ages, and founds kingdoms and transfers them as He pleases—they must carefully study and often consider the instruction and orders of their King and Lord if they want to succeed in governing according to His design and will. For if a viceroy and lieutenant of the king governed the kingdom by his own taste and will, and not by his lord's, however sound his government might seem, it would not be sound, and he would deserve to have it taken from him and to be severely punished for it.✦13
The Warning of Wisdom
The Wisdom of Solomon warns rulers of the severe judgment awaiting those who neglect justice and the law of God.
For this reason, Wisdom said: "Listen to me, O kings!" and understand me, and let the judges of the earth learn. Give me your ears, you who govern the peoples and take pleasure in command over populous nations, because the power you hold the Lord has given you, and the strength of the Most High, who examines your works and searches out your thoughts—because, being ministers of his kingdom, you have not judged with uprightness, nor kept the law of justice, nor walked according to the will of God.14 Soon and terribly he will appear to you, because a most severe and rigorous judgment will be made against those who preside over and govern others.» All of Sacred Scripture, especially the historical books and the prophets, teaches us this truth.15 The books of Joshua, Judges, Kings, Chronicles, and Maccabees are full of countless examples of the favors God showed the kings, princes, and judges of his people when they governed according to his law and carefully maintained his religion, and of the horrible punishments when they turned aside from it and turned their backs on God. But so as not to go on at length, I will content myself with bringing forward one passage alone, which serves as a brief summary and recapitulation of everything said about this in Sacred Scripture.16 When Holofernes, commander-in-chief of Nebuchadnezzar, king of the Assyrians, came against the Jews, and saw that the people of Bethulia were putting up resistance and meant to fight him—something the other nations had not done—he wanted to know what people that was, what king they had, what weapons, what forces, what courage they had, and what they were trusting in to17
Read the original Latin
En el Deuteronomio, despues de haber Dios enseñado á su pueblo á quién habían de elegir por rey, y mandado que fuese de su mismo pueblo, y no de otro, de su misma creencia y religion, y no de otra, y el que el mismo Dios escogiese, y no el que ellos por su antojo ó aficion quisiesen tomar, enseña lo que el rey así electo debe hacer, por estas palabras: «Despues que se hubiere sentado en cl trono de su reino, trasladará la recapitulacion desta ley, conforme al original que le darán los sacerdotes de la tribu de Levi, y tendrá este traslado consigo, y le leerá todos los dias que viviere, para que aprenda á temer á su Dios y Señor, y guardar sus palabras y las ceremonias que se mandan en la ley. No se levante ni ensoberbezca su corazon sobre 8us hermanos, ni se aparte un punto de lo que le está mandado, echando á la diestra ó á la siniestra; porque, si asi lo hiciere, reinará largo tiempo él y sus hijos sobre Israel.» 'lodas estas palabras son del Espíritu Santo, en las cuales declara que el primero y más principal cuidado que deben tener los reyes que reinan por él, ha de ser, entender y cumplir su santa ley. Y para esto quiere que el rey la traslade, para que, habiéendola escrito por su mano y acordándose que fué escrita por el dedo de Dios mejor. se le imprima en el corazon, y quo la lea cada dia, porque desto se le seguirán cuatro provechos maravillosos. El primero temer á Dios, que es el principio de la sabiduría y de todos los bienes. El segundo, guardar sus mandamientos y ceremonias, porque así guardarán los pueblos los suyos. El tercero, no desvanecerse con el mando y con la potencia y soberanía de rey, y conocer que aquella persona y majestad que representa no es suya, sino de Aquel cuyo lugar tienc.
Y finalmente, la reguridad y establecimiento de sus reinos para sí y para 6us hijos, que es lo que los reyes y príncipes comunmente desean, y lo que los que no atienden á esto, por la razon vana de estado pretenden alcanzar.
Mandó Dios á Moisén que hiciese capitan general de todo el pueblo de Israel, para despues de sus dias, á Josué, y despues de haberle declarado las ceremonias con que lo habia de hacer, le dice estas palabras: «Cuando Josué hubicre de hacer alguna cosa, Eleázaro, sacerdote, la consnltará primero con Dios, y segun la órden que Eleázaro les diere, Josué, y todo el pueblo de Israel con él, entrará y saldrá.» Dando á entender que ántes de comenzar cualquiera cosa se debe encomendar ¿ Dios, y conforme al mandato del sacerdote, gobernarse los negocios de la paz y de la guerra, por la gran cuenta que en todos ellos se debe tener con la religion. Muerto ya Moisén, dijo Dios á Josué: «Esfuérzate y sey muy valeroso y esforzado para PADRE RIVADENEIRA.
guardar y cumplir toda la ley que mandó Moisén, mi siervo, y no declines ni te apartes della á una parte ni á otra; porque así entenderás todo lo que debes hacer. Mira que tengas delante siempre el libro desta ley, y que de dia y de noche pienses en él, para que guardes y cumplas todo lo que en él está escrito, porque así entenderás sus caminos y acertarás en ellos. Yo soy el que todo lo mando; esfuérzate, ten ánimo y sey robusto. No temas ni te espantes, porque tu Señor Dios está contigo para todas las cosas que emprendieres.» De suerte que quiere Dios que los gobernadores y capitanes generales de sus ejércitos lean y rumien continuamente su santa ley, para acertar en sus consejos y empresas, y para que les suceda bien, teniendo á Dios consigo. Y así el mismo Josué, estando ya viejo y al cabo de su jornada, encomendó á todos sus capitanes y gente principal del pueblo que lo hiciesen, y les encargó mucho que tuviesen siempre delante los ojos la ley de Dios, y la guardasen con suma diligencia, y añade estas palabras: «Haciendo así, el Señor Dios desarraigará delante de vosotros las gentes grandes y poderosas, y ninguno os podrá resistir; uno de vosotros perseguirá á mil de sus enemigos, porque vuestro Señor Dios peleará por vosotros, como lo tiene prometido; solamente procurad vosotros con grandísimo cuidado amar á vuestro Dios y Señor. n El santo rey David, que tambien habia experimentado esta verdad y la proteccion que el Señor habia tenido de su persona y de su reino por haber él procurado de esmerarse tanto en la guarda de su santa ley, deseando que su hijo Salomon siguiese sus pisadas y fuese favorecido del Señor, estando para morir, las postreras palabras que le dijo fueron éstas: «Yo me muero y voy por el camino de todos los hombres; esfuérzate y mira que seas varon y que guardes los mandamientos de tu Señor Dios, y camines por sus sendas, y guardes sus ceremonias y sus preceptos y juicios y mandamientos enteramente, como están escritos en la ley de Moisén, para que así entiendas todo lo que haces y cualquiera cosa en que pusieres la mano, y el Señor confirme sus palabras y lo que me prometió cuando me dijo: Si tus hijos guardaren mi ley y anduvieren en mi acatamiento en verdad y con todo su corazon, y con toda su ánima me sirvieren, no faltará de tu casta y generacion rey que se asiente en el trono de Israel.» Y al mismo rey Salomon dijo Dios: «Si anduvieres por los caminos derechos que yo te he mostrado, y guardares mis preceptos y mandamientos como los guardó David, tu padre, yo te daré largos años de vida.»
Josías fué uno de los más santos reyes y más agradable á Dios de cuantos hubo en el reino de Judá, el cual, habiéndose hallado en su tiempo un libro en el templo, en que estaba escrita la ley del Señor, y las amenazas grandes que promete á los que no la guardan, y habiéndolas oido leer, se turbó, y envió luégo á saber lo que Dios mandaba que él hiciese, y añadió estas palabras: «Gran saña tiene Dios contra nosotros, porque nuestros padres no han guardado ni obedecido á lo que manda este libro. n Por donde se ve que el primero y más principal cuidado de los reyes y príncipes debe ser el acudir á Dios y guardar su santa ley, y procurar que todos sus súbditos la guarden; y cuando lo hacen asi, Dios les da prosperidad y conserva los reinos, y hace que sean felices y bienaventurados acá temporalmente, y en el cielo sin fin. Porque, como todos los reyes que hay en la tierra no son reyes propietarios y supremos de sus reinos, sino vireyes y lugartenientes de Dios, el cual, como dijo Daniel, muda los tiempos y las edades, y funda los reinos y los traspasa como es servido, deben mirar con atencion, y considerar á menudo la instruccion y órden de su Rey y Señor, sl quieren acertar á gobernar conforme á su disposicion y voluntad; que si un visorey y lugarteniente del rey gobernase el reino á su gusto y voluntad, y no á la de su señor, por más acertado que pareciese su gobierno, no lo sería, y mereceria que se le quitasen, y le castigasen severamente por ello.
Por esto dijo la Sabiduría: «Oidme ¡oh reyes! y entendedme, y los jueces de la tierra aprendan. Dadme oidos vosotros, que gobernais los pueblos y os complaceis en el mando de las naciones populosas, porque la potestad que teneis, el Señor os la ha dado, y la virtud del Altísimo, que examina vuestras obras y escudriña vuestros pensamientos, porque, siendo ministros de su reino, no habeis juzgado con rectitud, ni guardado la ley de la justicia, ni caminado conforme á la voluntad de Dios. Presto y espantoso os aparecerá, porque se hará juicio durísimo y riguroso contra los que presiden y gobiernan á los otros.» Todas las letras sagradas, y más las historiales y los profetas, nos enseñan esta verdad. Los libros de Josué, de los Jueces, de los Reyes, del Paralipomenon y de los Macabeos están llenos de inumerables ejemplos de favores que hizo Dios á los reyes y principes y jueces de su pueblo cuando lo gobernaban conforme á su ley y tenian cuenta con su religion, y de castigos horribles cuando se apartaban della y volvían las espaldas á Dios; pero, por no ser prolijo, contentarme he con traer un lugar solo, que es como una breve suma y recapitulacion de todo lo que se dice acerca desto en la Sagrada Escritura.
Cuando vino Holoférnes, capitan general de Nabucodonosor, rey de los asirios, contra los judios, viendo que los de Betulia se ponian en resistencia y que querian pelear contra él, lo cual no habian hecho otras naciones, quiso saber qué gente era aquélla, qué rey, qué armas, qué fuerzas, qué ánimo tenía, y en qué se confiaba para
Scripture echoes
- ↩Deut.17.18-Deut.17.20 — And when he sits on the throne of his kingdom, he shall write for himself on a scroll a copy of this law, from the one kept before the Levitical priests. Deut.17.19 — And it shall be with him, and he shall read in it all the days of his life, so that he may learn to fear the LORD his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes by doing them. Deut.17.20 — so that his heart may not be lifted up above his brothers, and so that he may not turn aside from the commandment, either to the right or to the left, in order that he may prolong his days over his kingdom, he and his sons, in the midst of Israel.
- ↩Num.27.18-Num.27.21 — Then the LORD said to Moses, 'Take Joshua son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay your hand on him.' Num.27.19 — And you shall set him before Eleazar the priest and before all the whole congregation, and you shall commission him in their sight. Num.27.20 — And you shall put some of your authority on him, so that all the congregation of the sons of Israel will listen. Num.27.21 — And he shall stand before Eleazar the priest, and shall inquire of him by the judgment of the Urim before the LORD. At his word they shall go out, and at his word they shall come in — he and all the children of Israel with him, and all the congregation.
- ↩Josh.1.6-Josh.1.7 — Be strong and courageous, for you shall cause this people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give them. Josh.1.7 — Only be strong and very courageous, to keep and do according to all the Torah that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right or to the left, so that you may prosper in all that you do.
- ↩Dan.2.21 — And it is He who changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and sets up kings; He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to those who have understanding.
Notes
- 1 ↩Normalized OCR reading «cl trono» as «el trono» (the throne).
- 2 ↩«recapitulación desta ley» follows the Spanish Deuteronomy tradition for a second written copy/summary of the law (cf. Deut 17:18); rendered «recapitulation of this law» with «traslado» as «copy».
- 3 ↩Normalized OCR reading «8us hermanos» as «sus hermanos» (his brothers).
- 4 ↩Normalized OCR reading «'lodas» as «Todas» (All).
- 5 ↩Sentence boundary is mid-clause: «mejor» belongs with s5 «se le imprima…». Translation preserves the split and carries «mejor» as «it may better».
- 6 ↩Normalized OCR reading «quo» as «que» (that). Continues the purpose clause begun in s4 with «mejor se le imprima…».
- 7 ↩Normalized OCR reading «tienc» as «tiene» (he holds/has).
- 8 ↩Normalized OCR errors in the source: «reguridad» → «seguridad»; «6us» → «sus» (same digit-for-s pattern as «8us» in the prior section).
- 9 ↩Archaic Spanish 'sey' = modern 'sé' ('be'); 'robusto' rendered as stout-hearted rather than merely physical strength.
- 10 ↩'rumien' (ruminate) is rendered as 'meditate on' for modern readability while keeping the sense of continual chewing-over of the law.
- 11 ↩Leading orphan 'n ' before 'El santo rey David' treated as a print artifact and omitted from the English.
- 12 ↩Leading stray 'n' in the source ('n Por donde...') treated as a footnote/marker artifact and not translated, matching similar marks elsewhere in this chapter.
- 13 ↩Normalized reading takes source 'sl quieren' as 'si quieren' (if they want); 'sl' is an obvious typographical corruption of 'si'.
- 14 ↩Spanish «virtud del Altísimo» here follows biblical Latin virtus: not moral virtue, but power/strength bestowed by the Most High.
- 15 ↩«letras sagradas» = sacred letters/Scripture; «las historiales» = the historical books of the Bible, not secular histories.
- 16 ↩«Paralipomenon» is the traditional Catholic name for Chronicles; rendered as Chronicles for modern readers.
- 17 ↩The Spanish source sentence ends mid-phrase with «para» ("to/for"); the clause is incomplete as printed in this section. The rendering keeps that open ending rather than inventing the missing continuation.
Tratado de la Religión y Virtudes que debe tener el Príncipe Cristiano (The Religion and Virtues of the Christian Prince) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit