Los castigos que nuestro Señor da á los príncipes y repúblicas contaminadas de herejía.
The Peril of Princely Apostasy
The author warns that princes who abandon the true faith and foster heresy invite divine judgment and ruin upon their kingdoms.
So then, since allowing heresies—or failing to clear away the obstacles so that kingdoms may serve and revere Him with the true and holy religion—is such a detestable wickedness before the Lord (as has already been made clear), what will it be to lead the people, by a bad example, by false preachers, by threats, and by penalties and tortures, to abandon the true religion and follow Belial?✦ .1 What will it mean for the one who should have been the shelter and defender of the faithful to become their stumbling block and scandal instead?✦2 What punishment does the prince deserve who, under the name of Christian, makes war on Jesus Christ, and who, while calling himself a son of the Church, sets fire to the Church? The histories are full of examples of princes who, for being heretics, were most severely punished by God and, stripped of their states and lordships, ended their days miserably—which I do not mean to recount here at any length, nor to bring in the emperors Constantius and Valens, or Huneric, king of the Vandals, or Basiliscus, mortal enemy of the Council of Chalcedon, who was stripped of the empire by Zeno, nor Zeno himself, who was buried alive by order of his wife Ariadne, nor Heraclius, who, having first been a Catholic and a valiant prince, after he became a heretic lost many most noble provinces in the East and died of a shameful disease.3 Nor do I want to speak of Anastasius, to whom there appeared a vision of a severe and terrible man with a book in his hand. He opened the book, and finding in it the name of Anastasius, said to him, "For your errors and perverse faith, I take fourteen years from your life." He blotted them out, and afterward, a thunderbolt killed him. Nor do I want to treat of Constantine Copronymus, who was so struck by God that he cried out and said, "While I live I am delivered over to the fire that cannot be put out"; nor of Philippikos, the opponent of images, who was stripped of the empire, had his name removed from the coins and public records, and ordered erased from the Mass; nor of Leo, likewise emperor, who lost the Western empire and gave occasion for Gregory III, the supreme pontiff, to transfer it to Germany; nor of George Podiebrad, who, persisting in his obstinacy and faithlessness, was anathematized by the Pope and lost the kingdom of Bohemia and his life.4 In our own days, the same thing happened to Christian, king of Denmark, who left the Catholic faith and was— The Goths were Catholics at first, and one of their bishops, named Ulfilas, was present at the Council of Nicaea. Afterward, through the deceit of some Arians, he was led astray and infected the Goths. Once they entered into heresy, division and discord soon began among them, and the Huns came, made war on them, defeated them, and drove them from the lands they had taken and possessed.5
Historical Witnesses to Divine Judgment
A survey of historical examples, from the Goths and Britons to the fall of Constantinople, illustrates how heresy consistently precedes the collapse of empires.
When the Goths arrived in Spain and conquered it, the Priscillianist heretics had already infected the land and held great influence there, as is clear from the history of Sulpicius Severus and a letter from Pope St. Leo.6 At the time when the Vandals occupied Africa and made themselves its masters, the Donatist heretics had already ruined and corrupted it; and when the Franks entered Gaul under arms, the heresy of Vigilantius had infected those lands; and later, when the Normans attacked France and conquered, destroyed, and subdued it, little regard was paid to religion either. So what should I say about Britain, which we now call England? Gildas the Wise, a most ancient and thoroughly trustworthy writer, says that when the Britons called the Angles to their aid against the Picts and Scots, that whole island was already ruined by the heresy of Pelagius; and as punishment for that, God allowed the Angles to turn their weapons against those who had called them for help, to subdue them and drive them from their homeland, remaining masters of it themselves and naming it Anglia after their own name. And heresies later grew so much in England that when Pope St. Gregory sent Augustine and the other holy monks, his companions, to preach the Catholic faith in England, they found not a single Catholic bishop, though there were nine heretical ones.7 When Alboin, king of the Lombards, entered Italy and occupied Venice, the coast of Genoa, and the Gaul they call Cisalpine—which is known today as Lombardy after the Lombards—there were many errors and acts of disobedience in those lands against the Council of Constantinople and the Council of Chalcedon.8 So what can I say of that grim and ill-fated time when the impious Muhammad came into the world to ruin and destroy it? How many errors and heresies were there then in the East against our holy religion? For since Emperor Heraclius was a heretic, he either favored those who were heretics or failed to punish them; and to close this chapter, Constantinople was taken and destroyed by the Turks in the year 1453, at the very time when—after the death of Emperor John Palaeologus and of the patriarch of Constantinople, who a little earlier at the Council of Florence had come into agreement and union with the Roman Church—the Greeks, paying no heed to the most holy decrees of that council, broke away from their head and turned their backs on God.✦9 And as long as religion flourished in Greece, its empire flourished; and when religion failed, the empire failed, and captivity and servitude came in.
The Necessity of Religious Unity
The author concludes that religious uniformity is essential for political stability and that the prince must exercise his authority to maintain the faith and submit to the Church's correction.
And in our own day the province of Livonia, which belonged to the Knights of Our Lady of the Teutonic Order, was taken by the Duke of Muscovy in the year 1558, soon after it lost the faith and was consumed by the Lutheran heresy; and Hungary and Transylvania confirm and preach this same truth to us—a truth confirmed by the authority of the Holy Spirit, who revealed it to us in the Holy Scriptures; by the teaching of the Church's most holy and wisest doctors, who taught it to us; by the examples of the finest and most devout princes the world has known; and by the punishments God has given those who have turned away from it and gone down twisted, wrecked paths.10 And no less by reason and experience, which preach to us that Christ and Belial, Catholic and heretic, cannot be joined together; that there will always be turmoil and discord in the commonwealth where each person follows religion as he pleases; and that the Christian prince must not allow anyone to do so, nor permit freedom of conscience in his kingdoms, if he wants to keep them and fulfill the duty of a Christian prince.1112 This is what our holy religion teaches us on this point—and not only religion, but sound reason as well. Following that reason, Maecenas, the great favorite of the emperor Augustus, advised him, as Dio writes, not to allow foreign gods into the city of Rome, and to press with punishments and penalties those who follow other sects, so that they would conform to the Roman worship of the gods—giving as his reason the peace and security of his empire.1314 But let's move on, and see how our religion also teaches submission to the Church's own correction when some prince, as a man, falls into a grave fault that deserves correction.15
Read the original Latin
Siendo, pues, tan detestable maldad delante del Señor el permitir las herejías ó no quitar los estorbos para que los reinos le sirvan y reverencien con la verdadera y santa religion (como queda declarado), ¿qué será inducir al pueblo con su mal ejemplo, con falsos predicadores, con amenazas, con penas y tormentos, para que deje la verdadera religion y siga á Belial? . ¿Qué será ser estropiezo y escándalo de los fieles el que habia de ser su amparo y defensor? ¿Qué castigo merece el príncipe que, con nombre de cristiano, hace guerra á Jesucristo, y llamándose hijo de la Iglesia, pone fuego á la Iglesia? Las historias están llenas de ejemplos de los príncipes que, por ser herejes, fueron gravisimamente castigados de Dios, y privados de sus estados y señoríos, acabaron miscrablemente sus dias; los cuales no quiero yo, de propósito, referir aquí, ni traer á Constancio y Valente, emperadores, y á Unerico, rey de los vándalos, á Basilisco, enemigo capital del concilio Calcedonense, el cual fué despojado del imperio por Cenon, ni al mesmo Cenon, que fué enterrado vivo por mandado de Ariadne, su mujer, ni á Heraclio, que, habiendo sido primero católico y valeroso príncipe, despues que se hizo hereje perdió muchas nobilísimas provincias en Oriente y murió de una enfermedad vergonzosa. Ni quiero hablar de Anastasio, á quien apareció una vision de un hombre severo y terrible, con un libro en la mano, el cual abrió el libro, y hallando en él el nombre de Anastasio, le dijo: «Por tus errores y fe perversa quito de tu vida catorce años»; y así los borró, y despues lo mató un rayo. Tampoco quiero tratar de Constantino Copronimo, que fué de tal manera herido de Dios, que daba voces y decia: «Vivo soy entregado al fuego que no se puede acabar»; ni de Filípico, impugnador de las imágenes, que fué privado del imperio y quitado su nombre de las monedas y escrituras públicas y mandado borrrar de la misa; ni de Leon, asimesmo emperador, que perdió el imperio occidental, y dió ocasion para que Gregorio 111, sumo pontífice, le traspasase á Alemania; ni de Jorge Pogibracio, que perseverando en su obstinacion y perfidia, fué anatematizado del Papa y perdió el reino de Bohemia y la vida. Y en nuestros dias aconteció lo mesmo á Cristierno rey de Dinamarca, que dejó la fe católica y fué, Los godos al principio fueron católicos, y un obispo dellos, que se llamaba Ulfilas, se halló en el concilio Nicéno, y despues, por engaño de algunos arrianos, se pervirtió é inficionó á los godos, y entrando en la herejía, comenzó luégo la division y discordia entre ellos, y vinieron los hunnos, y guerrearon contra ellos y los vencieron, y los echaron de las tierras que habian tomado y poseian.
Cuando los mismos godos vinieron á España y la sojuzgaron, los herejes priscilianos la habian inficiunado y podian inmucho en ella, como consta de la Historia de Severo Sulpicio y de una epístola de san Leon, papa. Al tiempo que los vándalos ocuparon á África y se hicieron señores della, los herejes donatistas la habian estragado y pervertido, y cuando los francos entraron con mano armada en las Galias, la herejía de Vigilancio las habia inficionado, y cuando los normandos despues acometieron la Francia, y la rindieron y destruyeron y sojuzgaron, tambien se tenia muy poca cuenta con la religion. Pues ¿qué diré de Bretaña, que ahora llamamos Inglaterra? Gíldas el sabio, antiquísimo y verdaderisimo escritor, dice que al tiempo que los britanos llamaron en su ayuda á los anglos contra los pictones y escotos, estaba toda aquella isla arruinada con la herejía de Pelagio, para cuyo castigo permitió Dios que los anglos volviesen las armas contra los que los habian llamado en su favor, y los sujctasen y echasen de su patria, quedando ellos señores della y llamándola Anglia de su nombre, Y crecieron las herejías despues tanto en Inglaterra, que al tiempo que san Gregorio, papa, envió á Agustino y á los otros santos monjes sus compañeros para predicar la fe católica en Inglaterra, no hallaron obispo ninguno que fuese católico, habiendo nueve obispos de herejes.
Cuando Alboino, rey de los longobardos, entró en Italia y ocupó á Venecia, la ribera de (rénova y la Galia que llaman Cisalpina, y del nombre de los longobardos, hoy se llama Lombardía, habia en aquellas tierras muchos errores y desobediencias contra el concilio Constantinopolitano y el Calcedonense. Pues ¿qué diré de aquel triste y desventurado tiempo en que el impio Mahoma vino al mundo para arruinarle y destruirle? ¿Cuántos errores y herejías habia entónces en Oriente contra nuestra santa religion? Porque, como el emperador Heraclio era hereje, favorecía Ó no castiguba á los que lo eran; y por concluir este capítulo, Constantinopla fué tomada y destruida de los turcos, el afio de mil y cuatrocientos y cincuenta y tres, en cl mismo tiempo que, por la muerte de Juan Paleólogo, emperador, y del patriarca de Constantinopla, que poco ántes en el concilio Florentino se habian conformado y unido con la Iglesia romana, los griegos, no haciendo caso de los decretos santísimos de aquel concilio, se desunieron de su cabeza y volvieron las espaldas á Dios. Y miéntras floreció en Grecia la religion, floreció su imperio; y en faltando la religion, faltó el imperio y entró el cautiverio y servidumbre.
Y en nuestros dias la provincia de Libonia, que era de los caballeros de Nuestra Señora de los Teutónicos, fué tomada del Duque de Moscovia, el año de mil y quinientos y cincuenta y ocho, luégo que perdió la fe y se abrasó con la herejía luterana, y Hungría y Transilvania confirman y nos predican esta verdad, la cual queda confirmada con autoridad del Espiritu Santo, que en las divinas letras nos la reveló, y con la dotrina de los santísimos y sapientisimos doctores de la Iglesia, que nos la enseñaron, y con los ejemplos de los más excelentes y pladosos principes que ha habido en el mundo, y con los castigos que ha dado Dios á los que se han apartado della y echado por caminos torcidos y desbaratados. Y no ménos por la razon y experiencia, que nos predica que Cristo y Belial, católico y hereje, no se pueden juntar, ni dejar de haber turbaciones y discordias en la república en que cada uno siguiere por su antojo la religion, y que el príncipe cristiano no debe permitir que nadie lo pueda hacer, ni que haya cn sus reinos libertad de conciencia, si quiere no perderlos y cumplir con la obligacion de príncipe cristiano.
Esto es lo que en este punto nos enseña nuestra santa religion, y no sólo la religion, pero tambien la buena razon, la cual siguiendo Mecenate, grandisimo privado del emperador Augusto, le aconseJÓ, como lo escribe Dion, que no permitiese que en la ciudad de Roma entrasen dioses forasteros, y que con suplicios y penas apretase á los que seentan otras sectas, para que se amoldasen al culto romano de los dioses; dando por razon la quietud y seguridad de su imperio. Pero pasemos adelante, y veamos cómo tambien enseña nuestra religion á sujetarse á la correccion de la misma Iglesia, cuando algun principe, como hombre, cayero en alguna culpa gravo que merezca correccion.
Scripture echoes
- ↩2Cor.6.15 — What harmony has Christ with Beliar? Or what share does a believer have with an unbeliever?
- ↩Rom.14.13 — So then, let us no longer judge one another; rather, judge this instead: that no one put a stumbling block or an obstacle before a brother.
- ↩Jer.2.27 — Saying to the wood, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.' They have turned their backs to me, and not their faces. But in the time of their trouble they say, 'Arise and save us!'
Notes
- 1 ↩Source sentence is only a bare period ('.'); no recoverable Spanish content. Left empty rather than inventing text.
- 2 ↩Source 'estropiezo' read as 'tropiezo' (stumbling block), the expected form in this moral-theological idiom.
- 3 ↩Source 'miscrablemente' read as 'miserablemente' (miserably).
- 4 ↩Source 'borrrar' read as 'borrar' (erase). Source 'Gregorio 111' read as Gregory III.
- 5 ↩Source appears truncated and spliced mid-clause after 'y fué,' then abruptly begins the Goths material. Translated the recoverable sense without inventing the missing predicate about Christian of Denmark; the break is marked with a dash.
- 6 ↩Source reading «inficiunado» treated as «inficionado» (infected/corrupted); «podian inmucho» treated as «podían mucho» (had great power/influence).
- 7 ↩Source «sujctasen» treated as «sujetasen» (subdue); mid-sentence capital «Y» treated as a clause break within this single printed sentence.
- 8 ↩Source has corrupt "la ribera de (rénova"; rendered as "the coast of Genoa" (la ribera de Génova), the historically and orthographically most plausible reading for Alboin's Italian conquests.
- 9 ↩Corrected obvious print/OCR errors: castiguba→castigaba, afio→año, cl→el, Ó→o.
- 10 ↩Source 'Libonia' rendered as Livonia (historical region of the Teutonic Order). Source 'pladosos' treated as 'piadosos' (pious/devout).
- 11 ↩Source 'cn sus reinos' treated as 'en sus reinos' (in his kingdoms).
- 12 ↩'libertad de conciencia' is the period term for religious liberty for dissenters; rendered as 'freedom of conscience' to preserve the historical political-theological force rather than modernizing into neutral pluralism.
- 13 ↩Source reading «seentan» is corrupt; translated as «siguen» (“follow”), the most plausible intended sense with «otras sectas» as object.
- 14 ↩«Mecenate» rendered as Maecenas (Gaius Maecenas); «Dion» as Dio (Cassius Dio).
- 15 ↩Source readings «cayero» and «gravo» are corrupt; translated as «cayere» (“falls/should fall”) and «grave» (“serious”), matching the following chapter’s parallel wording.
Tratado de la Religión y Virtudes que debe tener el Príncipe Cristiano (The Religion and Virtues of the Christian Prince) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit