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Chapter 7GuiaPec.1.7

Capítulo V. Del quinto título por do estamos obligados a la virtud, que es el beneficio de nuestra justificación

The Gift of Justification

Justification is the essential application of redemption that reconciles the sinner to God and restores them to divine friendship.

But what good would the benefit of redemption do us if the benefit of justification didn't follow it, through which the power of this sovereign gift is applied to us?1 For just as medicines do no good when they are not applied to the ailments, so this heavenly medicine would do no good if it were not applied to us through this benefit. This office belongs especially to the Holy Spirit, to whom the sanctification of man is attributed. For he is the one who goes before the sinner with his mercy; and having gone before him, he calls him; and once called, he justifies him; and once justified, he guides him straight along the paths of justice; and so he brings him through to the end with the gift of perseverance; and afterward he gives him the crown of glory.2 For this so great a benefit includes all these benefits. I. Among these, the first is that of vocation and justification: when, by the power of this divine Spirit, the chains and bonds of our sins are broken, and a person comes out from the devil's tyranny and subjection, rises from death to life, turns from a sinner into one who is just, and from a child of curse into a child of God. This cannot happen without special divine help and favor, as the Savior clearly testified when he said, "No one can come to me unless my Father draws him." He made it plain that neither a person's free will nor all the resources of human nature are enough to raise someone from sin to grace without the intervention of divine power. On these words Saint Thomas says that, just as a stone by its own nature moves downward and cannot rise by itself to what is high unless something from outside lifts it, so too a person, by the corruption of sin—so far as it depends on what is his own—always pulls downward, which is the love and desire of earthly things; but if he is to be raised upward, which is to the supernatural love and desire of the things of heaven, the hand and help of heaven are necessary.3 This teaching is well worth noting—and even worth weeping over. So that by it a person may know himself, understand the corruption of his nature, and see how continually he needs to ask for divine help and favor. So, to return to the point: for this reason, a person cannot raise himself from sin to grace by his own power unless the almighty hand of God lifts him up. But who could explain how many benefits this gift holds within itself? Since it is true that by this means sin is banished from the soul, and that sin causes countless evils within it, how great must that good be which casts all these evils out? And because considering this gift strongly stirs us to gratitude for it and to the desire for virtue, I will set out here in a few words the great goods this good brings with it. For, first of all, by it a person is reconciled with God and restored to his friendship. For the first and greatest of all the evils that mortal sin works in a soul is to make God its enemy.4 And since He is infinite goodness, He has, in keeping with that, a hatred for wickedness; and so the Prophet says: You have hated all who work evil, and You will destroy those who speak lies; and the man who sheds blood and practices deceit, the Lord will abhor him. This is the greatest of all the world's evils and the source of them all; just as, conversely, God's love for us is the greatest of all goods and the source of them.5 So from this great evil we are delivered by the gift of justification, through which we are reconciled with God and, from enemies, made friends—and not in just any degree of friendship, but in one of the greatest that can exist, which is a Father's love for a son. The beloved evangelist Saint John rightly emphasizes this when he says: See how great the love is that God has for us, that He has raised us to such honor that we should be called children of God—and that we truly are. He wasn't content to say we should be called children of God; he added that we should be so, so that human lowliness and distrust might clearly recognize the generosity of divine grace, and understand that this honor was not merely a name or title, but a reality in fact and deed.6 If being under God's hatred is such a great evil, how great a good must it be to be in grace with God? So, as the philosophers say, "A thing is as much better as its opposite is worse"; and so that will be supremely good which contradicts what is supremely evil—namely, for a person to be hated by God. If people in this world value so highly being in favor with a master, father, prince, prelate, or king, what must it be to be in grace with that supreme Prince, sovereign Father, and most high Lord, next to whom all the dignities and principalities of the earth are as nothing? And this grace is all the greater, the more freely it is given.7 It is certain that just as a person could do nothing before being created to deserve existence—since they didn't exist yet—so after falling into sin, they could do nothing to deserve such a great good. This is not because they didn't exist, but because they were evil and displeasing to God.

Deliverance and Inner Renewal

Justification delivers the soul from eternal punishment and initiates a profound spiritual reformation and renewal of the inner person.

II. Another benefit following this one is that it frees a person from the condemnation of eternal punishment, to which they were bound by sin. Just as sin makes a person hateful to God—as we have said—and no one can be hated by Him without suffering the greatest harm, it follows that because the wicked turn away from God and despise Him through their sin, they deserve to be despised themselves and cast out from life, from God's company, and from His most beautiful house. And because, in turning away from God, they loved created things in a disordered way, it is only just that they be tormented by those very things and condemned to eternal punishments—punishments compared to which all the pains of this life seem merely painted rather than real. Joined to these evils will be that immortal worm that will forever gnaw at and tear apart the guts and consciences of the wicked.✦ So what shall I say of the company of all those perverse spirits, and of all the damned, and of that most miserable and darkest region full of darkness and confusion, where there is no order, no joy, no rest, no peace, no repose, no satisfaction, no hope—only eternal weeping, eternal gnashing of teeth, eternal rage, and eternal blasphemies and curses?✦✦ From all these great evils, God delivers those He justifies; once reconciled to Him and admitted to His grace, they are free from this wrath and the punishment of this vengeance. III. Another, more spiritual benefit is the renewal and reformation of the inner person, who had become ruined and deformed through sin.✦ Sin first strips the soul not only of God, but also of all supernatural powers and all the riches and gifts of the Holy Spirit with which she had been adorned, armed, and enriched. Once she is deprived of these goods of grace, she is wounded and crippled in her natural abilities and gifts. Since a human being is a rational creature and sin is an act against reason, and since it is natural for one contrary to destroy another, it follows that the more sins multiply, the more the powers of the soul are ruined—not in themselves, but in their capacity for action.8 Sins make the soul miserable, sick, sluggish, and unstable for everything good, while inclining her toward everything evil; she becomes weak in resisting temptations and heavy when walking the path of God’s commandments. They also rob her of true freedom and mastery of the spirit, and make her captive to the devil, the world, and the flesh, and to her own appetites; and so she lives in a captivity far harder and more miserable than that of Babylon and Egypt; and along with this, they numb and blunt all the spiritual senses of souls, so that they neither9 do they hear the voices and inspirations of God, nor see the great evils prepared for them, nor perceive the most sweet fragrance of the virtues and examples of the saints, nor taste how sweet the Lord is, nor feel the scourges, nor the benefits by which they are drawn to his love; and above all this, they rob them of the peace and joy of conscience, quench the fervor of the spirit, and leave a person filthy, ugly, and abominable in the sight of God and of his saints.10 This benefit frees us from all these evils because that abyss of mercy isn't content with just forgiving sins and welcoming us into his grace; he also banishes all the evils that guilt brought with it, reforming and renewing our inner self. He heals our wounds, washes away our filth, breaks the bonds of our sins, shakes off the yoke of evil desires, frees us from the devil's slavery and captivity, softens the fury of our bad inclinations, restores to us the true freedom and beauty of the soul, gives us back the peace and joy of a good conscience, quickens our inner senses, makes us light and ready for good, slow and heavy toward evil, strong and steady to resist temptations—and, along with all this, enriches us with good works. Finally, he repairs our inner self and all its powers so thoroughly that the Apostle calls those who are justified in this way renewed and new creatures.✦ This renewal is so profound that when it comes through baptism it’s called regeneration, and when through penance, resurrection—not only because it raises the soul from the death of sin to the life of grace, but also because it imitates, in its own way, the beauty of the resurrection still to come.✦✦ This is so true that no tongue can adequately describe the beauty of a justified soul—only that divine Spirit who beautifies it and makes it his temple and dwelling place can do so.✦ If we were to compare all the riches of the earth, all the world's honors, all natural gifts, and all the most refined virtues with the beauty and wealth of this soul, they would all look utterly dark and vile in its presence. The advantage that heaven has over earth, spirit over body, and eternity over time is the same advantage the life of grace has over the life of nature, the soul's beauty over the body's beauty, interior riches over exterior ones, and spiritual strength over natural strength.11 All these things are limited and temporary, beautiful only to bodily eyes, and for them God's general concurrence is enough; but for this other thing, a special and supernatural concurrence is required.12 They cannot be called temporary, since they lead us to eternity, nor are they wholly finite, since they are worthy of God—in whose eyes they are so precious and of such worth that they make him fall in love with their beauty. And though God could have done all these things by his assistance and will alone, he would not—he chose instead to adorn the soul with all the infused virtues and the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, by which not only the essence of the soul but all its powers are clothed and arrayed in all these heavenly habits.✦13

The Indwelling of the Trinity

The justified soul becomes a temple for the Holy Trinity and a living member of Christ's mystical body.

IV. Beyond all these benefits, that infinite goodness and generosity adds another: the presence and assistance of the Holy Spirit and the entire Most Holy Trinity. They descend to dwell in the soul of the justified person to teach him how to use this inheritance—just as a good father, not content with merely giving his estate to his son, also provides a tutor and steward so that he knows how to manage it.14 Just as vipers, dragons, and serpents dwell in the soul of the one who is in sin—that is, the throng of evil spirits that make their home there, as the Savior says in the Gospel of Matthew—so, conversely, the Holy Spirit and the entire Most Holy Trinity enter the soul of the justified person. Once all these monsters and infernal beasts have been driven out, He makes His temple and dwelling there, as the Savior explicitly testified: "If anyone loves me, he will keep my commandments, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him, and in him we will make our home."✦✦ By virtue of these words, all the holy doctors, along with the scholastics, acknowledge that the Holy Spirit dwells in a special way in the soul of the justified person. They distinguish between the Holy Spirit and His gifts, confessing that not only are the gifts of the Holy Spirit given to such persons, but the Holy Spirit Himself as well. Entering that soul, He makes it His temple and dwelling; and for this reason, He Himself cleanses, sanctifies, and adorns it with His gifts, so that it may be a dwelling worthy of such a guest.✦ V. To all these benefits, another marvelous one is added: all the justified become living members of Christ—those who were previously dead members and received none of his influence. From this spring other great and new privileges and excellences.15 Because from this it follows that the Son of God himself loves them as his members, looks after them as after his members, and has solicitous16 He cares for them as he does his own members, continually pouring his power into them just as the Head does into its members. Finally, the eternal Father looks on them with loving eyes because he sees them as living members of his only-begotten Son, united and joined to him by sharing in his Spirit. Consequently, their works are pleasing and meritorious to him, since they are the works of living members of his Son, who works in them everything that is good.✦✦ From that dignity it follows that when such people ask favors of God, they ask them with very great confidence, because they understand that they are not asking so much for themselves as for the very Son of God, who is honored in them and with them. For, since it is true that the good done to the members is done to the head, and since they have Christ as their Head, they understand that in asking for themselves they are asking for him.17 If it's true, as the Apostle says, that those who sin against the members of Christ sin against Christ himself, and that Christ considers himself persecuted when his members are persecuted for his sake—as he told that same Apostle when he was persecuting the Church—is it any wonder that when these members are honored, Christ himself is honored in them?✦✦ And if this is so, what confidence will the just person bring to prayer when he considers that, in asking for himself, he is in his own way asking the Eternal Father for favors for his most beloved Son?18 We know that when favors are done to one person for the love of another, they are done principally to the one for whose love they are done; just as we see that whoever serves the poor for the love of God does not serve the poor so much as God.✦

The Hope of Eternal Life

Justification grants the title to eternal life and provides the hope necessary to endure earthly tribulations.

VI. To all these benefits is added the final one, toward which the others are directed: the title and right given to the justified to eternal life.19 For our immense God, in whom justice shines so brightly together with mercy, just as He binds every impenitent sinner to eternal torments, so He receives every true penitent into everlasting life. And though He could have forgiven sins and admitted human beings into His friendship and grace without raising us to a share in His glory, He didn't choose to stop there. Rather, those He mercifully forgave He also justified; those He justified He made children; and those He made children He also made heirs and co-sharers with His only-begotten Son in His own inheritance and estate.20 And from this springs the living hope that gladdens them in all their tribulations, with the pledge of this incomparable treasure. For though they find themselves hemmed in by every anguish, illness, and misery of this life, they know for certain that the sufferings of this age do not compare with the glory that is coming and will be revealed in them. Rather, the brief and light tribulations they endure are the cause of an inestimable weight of glory beyond all that can be praised.✦21 These, then, are the benefits contained within this inestimable gift and work of justification—which Saint Augustine rightly values more highly than the creation of the world, since God created the world with a single word, but to sanctify man, He poured out His blood and suffered so many and such great torments. So if we owe this Lord so much for the gift of creation, how much more will we owe Him for that of justification—which, the more it cost Him, the more it bound us to Him? And although no one can know with certainty whether he is justified, he can still form strong conjectures about it; and among these, not the least is the change of life—when the one who once committed a thousand mortal sins with great ease would now not commit even one for all the world.22 So let the one who finds himself in this condition see how bound he is to serve his Sanctifier, who freed him from so many evils and did him so many goods as have been set out here. But if by chance he finds himself in a bad state, I don't know what could move him more to leave it than the picture of such great evils as he has seen here that sin brings with it, and the treasure of such great goods as this incomparable gift brings along with it.

The Holy Spirit as Guide

The Holy Spirit continues to work in the justified, governing the soul and moving the will toward virtue and perseverance.

II. On the other effects the Holy Spirit works in the soul of the justified, and concerning the Sacrament of the Eucharist But the benefits and works of the Holy Spirit don't stop there. This divine Spirit isn't content with just helping us enter through the door of righteousness; he also helps us, once we've entered, to walk its paths until he brings us safe and secure through every wave of this stormy sea into the harbor of salvation. For when he enters the soul of the justified person through the benefit just mentioned, he isn't idle there, because he isn't content to honor that soul with his presence; he also sanctifies it with his power, working in it and with it everything needed for its salvation. And so he is there like the head of a household in his house, governing it; and like a teacher in his school, teaching it; and like a gardener in his garden, cultivating it; and like a king in his own kingdom, ruling it; and like the sun in this world, lighting it; and finally, like the soul in its body, giving it life, sense, and movement—though not as form in matter, but as the head of a household in his house.23 What could be richer or more desirable than to have such a guest, governor, guide, companion, tutor, and helper within you? Since he is all things, he works everything in the souls where he dwells. First, like fire, he enlightens our understanding, inflames our will, and lifts us from earth to heaven.✦ Like a dove, he makes us simple, gentle, easy to live with, and friends to one another.✦ Like a cloud, he shields us from the heat of our flesh and cools the boiling of our passions.✦ And he finally, like a mighty wind, moves and inclines our will toward everything good, and turns it away and detaches it from everything evil; from this the justified come to hate so deeply the vices they once loved, and to love so deeply the virtues they once hated—as holy King David clearly shows in his own person, who in one place says that he hated and abhorred all wickedness, and in another that he loved and delighted in the law of God as in all the riches of the world; and the reason for this was that the Holy Spirit, like a good mother, had put bitter aloes on the breasts of the world and the sweetest honey on the commandments of God.✦✦✦24 From this it is clear how all our goods and all our spiritual progress are owed to this divine Spirit. So much so that if we turn away from evil, we turn away by him; and if we do good, we do it by him; and if we persevere in him, we persevere by him; and if we're given a reward for this good, he himself is the one who gives it. From this, you can clearly see what Saint Augustine says: that "when God pays us for our service, he is rewarding his own gifts"; so through one grace he gives us another, and through one favor another favor.25 The holy patriarch Joseph wasn't content merely to give his brothers the grain they had come to buy in Egypt; he also ordered that the money they had brought to pay for it be put back into the mouths of the sacks they carried it in. Our Lord does the same, in his own way, with those who are his: he gives them eternal life, along with the grace and the good life used to purchase it.26 Eusebius of Emesa puts this very well: "He who is served and venerated so that he may show us his mercy has already shown mercy by granting that we should serve and venerate him in this way."27 So let a person fix his eyes on his life and see, as this same doctor says, how many good things the Lord has done for him, and from how many evils, how many deceits, how many adulteries, how many robberies, how many sacrileges the Lord has delivered him; and by this he will see how much he owes Him for it all. For, as Saint Augustine says, "It is no lesser mercy that He should have prevented these evils so that a person would not commit them than that He should forgive them after they were done—rather, it is much greater."28 And so he says, writing to a virgin: "A person must count as forgiven every sin that the One who gave him the grace not to commit them has spared him; and therefore, don't choose to love little, as if little had been forgiven you—rather, love much, because much was given you."✦ For if the one who was granted not to pay loves much, how much more should the one who was given something to possess love?29 For whoever remained chaste from the beginning of life is guided by Him; whoever became chaste after being unchaste is corrected by Him; and whoever remains unchaste to the end is justly abandoned by Him.30 So then, this being the case, what31 What remains but that we should say with the Prophet: Lord, let my mouth be filled with praise, so that I may sing your glory all day long?✦32 . On these words, Saint Augustine says: "What does 'all day long' mean?✦ Forever and without ceasing. In prosperity I will praise you, Lord, because you comfort me, and in adversity, because you chastise me; before I existed, because you made me, and after I am, because you gave me being; when I sinned, because you forgave me; when I turned back to you, because you helped me; and when I persevered to the end of life, because you crowned me.✦33 For this reason, my mouth will be full of praise, and I will sing your glory all day long."✦

The Sacrament of the Eucharist

The Eucharist is the supreme gift and remedy provided by God to sustain the justified in their journey toward eternity.

Here there was material for treating the benefit of the Sacraments (which are the instruments of our justification), and especially of holy Baptism, and of the light of faith and grace given us with it. But since we cover this topic in other places, I won’t say more for now. Yet one cannot pass over in silence that grace of graces and Sacrament of sacraments, by which God willed to dwell on earth with human beings and give himself to them each day as food and as remedy.34 He was once offered in sacrifice for us on the cross, but here he is offered every day on the altar for our sins. Each time you do this, he says, do it in memory of me. O memorial of salvation!35 O unique sacrifice, pleasing host, bread of life, gentle food, fare of kings, and manna that contains every sweetness!36 . Who can praise you fully? Who can receive you worthily?37 Who can honor you with the reverence you deserve?38 My soul faints when I think of you. My tongue cannot speak of you, nor can I magnify your wonders as much as I desire. And if the Lord granted this benefit only to the innocent and pure, it would still be an inestimable gift. But what can I say? By the very fact that he chose to share himself with them, he bound himself to pass through the hands of many bad ministers—men whose souls are dwellings of Satan, whose bodies are vessels of corruption, and whose lives are spent in baseness and vice. Yet, in order to visit and console his friends, he consents to be handled by these men, touched by their filthy hands, received into their sacrilegious mouths, and buried in their stinking bodies.39 His body was sold only once, but it is sold thousands of times in this Sacrament. He was mocked and despised once during his Passion, but he is mocked and despised a thousand times by the wicked at the altar. He was once set between two thieves, but here he is seen a thousand times wrapped in the hands of sinners. So, how can we serve a Lord who seeks our good in so many ways and by so many means? What should we give him in return for such wonderful food?40 If servants serve their masters so they'll be given food to eat, if soldiers throw themselves into steel and fire for this same reason, what will we owe the Lord for this heavenly food? And if, under the Law, God expected so much gratitude for the manna he sent from on high—which was only perishable food—what will he expect for this food, which is not only imperishable but also makes those who receive it worthily imperishable as well? And if the very Son of God in the Gospel gives thanks to his Father for a meal of barley bread, what thanks should people give for this Bread of life? If we owe so much for the food that sustains our being, how much more for that which preserves our good being?41 For we don't praise a horse merely as a horse, but as a good horse; nor wine merely as wine, but as excellent wine; nor a man merely as a man, but as a good man. So then, if you owe so much to the One who made you a man, how much more will you owe him because he made you a good man? If so much for the goods of the body, how much for the goods of the soul? If so much for the goods of nature, how much for the goods of grace? Finally, if you owe him so much because he made you a son of Adam, how much more will you owe him because he made you a son of God?✦ . For it's certain, as Eusebius of Emesa says, that "the day we are born for eternity is far better than the day we are born for the dangers of the world."42 Look here, brother: here is another new claim—another new chain—that, along with the ones that came before, takes hold of your heart and binds you even more firmly to virtue and to the service of this Lord.43

Read the original Spanish

Mas ¿qué nos aprovechara el beneficio de la redención, si no le siguiera el de la justificación, mediante la cual se nos aplica la virtud de este soberano beneficio? Porque, así como no aprovechan las medicinas cuando no se aplican a las dolencias, así no aprovechara esta celestial medicina si por medio de este beneficio no se nos aplicara. El cual oficio señaladamente pertenece al Espíritu Santo, a quien se atribuye la santificación del hombre. Porque él es el que previene al pecador con su misericordia, y prevenido le llama, y llamado lo justifica, y justificado le guía derechamente por las sendas de la justicia, y así lo lleva hasta el cabo con el don de la perseverancia, y después le da la corona de la gloria. Porque todos estos beneficios comprehende este tan grande beneficio.

I. Entre los cuales, el primero es el de la vocación y justificación, que es cuando, por virtud deste Espíritu divino, quebradas las cadenas y lazos de nuestros pecados, sale el hombre de la tiranía y sujeción del demonio y resucita de muerte a vida, y de pecador se hace justo, y de hijo de maldición hijo de Dios. Lo cual en ninguna manera se puede hacer sin especial socorro y favor divino, como claramente lo testificó el Salvador, diciendo: Nadie puede venir a mí, si mi Padre no le trae; dando a entender que ni el libre albedrío del hombre, ni todo el caudal de la naturaleza humana, basta por sí solo para levantar un hombre del pecado a la gracia, si no interviniere aquí el brazo de la potencia divina. Sobre las cuales palabras dice santo Tomás que, «así como la piedra, de su propia naturaleza se mueve a lo bajo, y no puede subir por sí a lo alto, si no hay alguna cosa de fuera que la levante, así también el hombre por la corrupción del pecado (cuanto es de su cosecha) siempre tira para bajo, que es el amor y deseo de las cosas terrenas; mas, si se ha de levantar a lo alto, que es al amor y deseo sobrenatural de las cosas del cielo, es necesaria la mano y socorro del cielo». La cual sentencia es mucho para notar, y aun para llorar. Para que por ella conozca el hombre a sí mismo, y entienda la corrupción de su naturaleza, y la necesidad que tiene de pedir continuamente el socorro y favor divino.

Pues, tornando al propósito, por esta causa no puede por sí el hombre levantarse del pecado a la gracia, si la omnipotente mano de Dios no lo levanta. Mas ¿quién podrá explicar cuántos beneficios encierra en sí este beneficio? Porque, como sea verdad que por este medio es desterrado el pecado del ánima, y el pecado cause innumerables males en ella, ¿qué tan grande será aquel bien, que todos estos males echa fuera? Y, porque la consideración deste beneficio incita mucho al agradecimiento dél y al deseo de la virtud, declararé aquí en pocas palabras los grandes bienes que trae consigo este bien.

Porque, primeramente, por él es • el hombre reconciliado con Dios y restituido en su amistad. Porque el primero y el mayor de todos los males que el pecado mortal hace en un ánima es hacer

a Dios enemigo della. El cual como sea infinita bondad, conforme a esto tiene el aborrecimiento a la maldad; y así dice el Profeta: Aborreciste a todos los que obran maldad, y destruirás a los que hablan mentira; y al varón derramador de sangre y engañoso, abominarlo ha el Señor. Este es el mayor de todos los males del mundo y el causador de todos ellos; así como, por el contrario, el amarnos Dios es el mayor de todos los bienes y la causa dellos. Pues deste mal tan grande somos librados por el beneficio de la justificación, por el cual somos reconciliados con Dios, y de enemigos, hechos amigos; y no en cualquier grado de amistad, sino en uno de los mayores que puede haber, que es amor de Padre a hijo. Lo cual con mucha razón encarece el amado evangelista san Juan, diciendo: Mirad qué tan grande es el amor que Dios nos tiene, pues nos levantó a tanta honra que nos llamemos hijos de Dios, y lo seamos. No se contentó con decir que nos llamásemos, sino añadió también que lo fuésemos, para que clara y distintamente conociese la bajeza y desconfianza humana la largueza de la gracia divina; y que no sólo era ésta honra de nombre y de título, sino también de obras y de hecho.

Pues, si tan grande mal es estar en odio de Dios, ¿qué tan grande bien será estar en gracia con Dios? Pues, como dicen los filósofos, «tanto una cosa es más buena, cuanto más mala es su contraria»; por donde aquella será sumamente buena: que contradice a la sumamente mala, que es ser el hombre aborrecido de Dios. Y, si acá en el mundo se tiene en tanto estar el hombre en gracia con su señor, con su padre, con su príncipe, con su prelado y con su rey, ¿qué será estar en gracia con aquel sumo príncipe y soberano Padre y altísimo Señor, con quien, comparadas todas las dignidades y principados de la tierra, así son como si no fuesen? La cual gracia tanto es mayor, cuanto más graciosamente se da. Pues es cierto que, así como antes del beneficio de la creación no pudo el hombre hacer cosa por donde mereciese el ser, pues entonces no era, así después de caído en pecado no pudo hacer cosa merecedora de este tan grande bien, no porque no era, sino porque era malo y desagradable a Dios.

II. Otro beneficio es, después deste, • librar al hombre de la condenación de las penas eternas a que por el pecado estaba obligado. Porque, así como el pecado hace al hombre aborrecible a Dios, según dijimos, y nadie puede ser aborrecido dél sin grandísimo daño suyo, de aquí es que, porque los malos, pecando, se apartan de Dios y le desprecian, merecen por esto ser ellos despreciados, y desechados de la vida y de la compañía y de la casa hermosísima de Dios; y porque, apartándose de Dios, amaron desordenadamente las criaturas, es justo sean atormentados por todas ellas y condenados a penas eternas; con las cuales, comparadas todas las desta vida, más parecen pintadas que verdaderas. Y con estos males se juntará aquel gusano inmortal que siempre roerá y despedazará las entrañas y conciencias de los malos. Pues ¿qué diré de la compañía de todos aquellos perversos espíritus, y de todos los condenados, y de aquella tristísima y escurísima región llena de tinieblas y confusión, donde ningún orden hay, ninguna alegría, ningún reposo, ninguna paz, ningún descanso, ninguna satisfacción, ninguna esperanza, sino eterno llanto, eterno crujir de dientes, eterna rabia, y eternas blasfemias y maldiciones? Pues de todos estos males tan grandes libra Dios a los que justifica, los cuales, después de reconciliados con él y admitidos a su gracia, están libres desta ira y del castigo desta venganza.

III. Otro beneficio más espiritual es • la renovación y reformación del hombre interior, que por el pecado quedó estragado y deformado. Porque el pecado, primeramente, despoja al ánima, no solamente de Dios, sino también de todas las fuerzas sobrenaturales y de todas las riquezas y dones del Espíritu Santo, con los cuales estaba ella hermoseada, armada y enriquecida; y, siendo privada de estos bienes de gracia, es luego herida y lisiada en las habilidades y dotes de naturaleza. Porque, como el hombre sea criatura racional, y el pecado sea obra contra razón, y sea cosa tan natural destruir un contrario a otro contrario, de aquí es que, cuanto más se multiplican los pecados, tanto más se estragan las potencias del ánima, no en sí mismas, sino en las habilidades que tienen para obrar. Y así los pecados hacen el ánima miserable, enferma, tardía, e instable para todo lo bueno, e inclinada a todo lo malo, flaca para resistir a las tentaciones y pesada para andar por el camino de los mandamientos divinos. Prívanla también de la verdadera libertad y señorío del espíritu, y hácenla cautiva del demonio, del mundo y de la carne y de sus propios apetitos, y así vive en un muy más duro y miserable cautiverio, que fue el de Babilonia y de Egipto; y, juntamente con esto, entorpecen y hacen botos todos los sentidos espirituales de las ánimas, de tal manera que ni

oyen las voces e inspiraciones de Dios, ni ven los grandes males que les están aparejados, ni perciben el olor suavísimo de las virtudes y ejemplos de los santos, ni gustan cuán suave es el Señor, ni sienten los azotes, ni los beneficios con que son provocados a su amor; y, sobre todo esto, quitan la paz y alegría de la conciencia, apagan el fervor del espíritu y dejan al hombre sucio, feo y abominable en el acatamiento de Dios y de sus santos.

Pues de todos estos males nos libra este beneficio, porque no se contenta aquel abismo de misericordia con perdonar los pecados y recibirnos en su gracia, sino destierra también todos estos males que consigo acarreó la culpa, reformando y renovando nuestro hombre interior; y así cura nuestras llagas, lava nuestras inmundicias, rompe las ataduras de los pecados, sacude el yugo de los malos deseos, líbranos de la servidumbre y cautiverio del demonio, mitiga el furor de nuestras malas inclinaciones, restitúyenos la verdadera libertad y hermosura del ánima, vuélvenos la paz y alegría de la buena conciencia, aviva los sentidos interiores, hácenos ligeros para el bien, tardíos y pesados para el mal, fuertes y constantes para resistir las tentaciones, y, con esto, nos enriquece de buenas obras. Finalmente, de tal manera repara nuestro hombre interior con todas sus potencias, que llama el Apóstol a los que así están justificados renovados y nuevas criaturas. La cual renovación es tan grande, que, cuando se hace por el bautismo, se llama regeneración, y cuando por la penitencia, resurrección; no sólo porque resucita al ánima de la muerte del pecado a la vida de la gracia, sino porque también imita en su manera la hermosura de la resurrección advenidera. Lo cual es en tanto grado verdad, que ninguna lengua basta para declarar la hermosura de un ánima justificada, sino sólo aquel Espíritu divino que la hermosea y hace templo y morada suya. Por donde, si quisiéremos comparar todas las riquezas de la tierra, todas las honras del mundo, todas las gracias naturales y todas las virtudes exquisitas con la hermosura y riqueza desta ánima, todas parecerán escurísimas y vilísimas en presencia della; porque la ventaja que hace el cielo a la tierra, y el espíritu al cuerpo, y la eternidad al tiempo, esa hace la vida de gracia a la vida de naturaleza, y la hermosura del ánima a la hermosura del cuerpo, y las riquezas interiores a las exteriores, y la fortaleza espiritual a la natural. Ca todas estas cosas son limitadas y temporales, y hermosas a solos los ojos corporales, para las cuales basta el concurso general de Dios; mas para estotra es menester concurso especial y sobrenatural. Y no se pueden llamar temporales, pues nos llevan a la eternidad; ni tampoco del todo finitas, pues son merecedoras de Dios; en cuyos ojos son tan preciosas y de tanto valor, que lo enamoran de su hermosura.

Y, pudiendo Dios obrar todas estas cosas con sola su asistencia y voluntad, no quiso sino adornar el ánima con todas las virtudes infusas y siete dones del Espíritu Santo, con las cuales no sola la esencia del ánima, pero todas sus potencias quedan vestidas y ataviadas con todos estos hábitos celestiales.

IV. Y, sobre todos estos beneficios, añade otro aquella infinita bondad y largueza, que es • la presencia y asistencia del Espíritu Santo, y de toda la Santísima Trinidad, que desciende a morar en el ánima del justificado para enseñarle a usar de toda esta hacienda; como hace el buen padre que, no contento con dar su hacienda a su hijo, dale también un tutor y gobernador para que le sepa administrar. De manera que, así como en el ánima del que está en pecado moran víboras, dragones y serpientes, que es la muchedumbre de los espíritus malignos que en ella hacen su habitación, como dice el Salvador por san Mateo, así, por el contrario, en el ánima del justificado entra el Espíritu Santo, y toda la Santísima Trinidad, y, desterrados todos estos monstruos y fieras infernales, hace allí su templo y su habitación, como expresamente lo testificó el Salvador, diciendo: Si alguno me ama, guardará mis mandamientos, y mi Padre le amará, y a él vendremos, y en él haremos nuestra morada. Por virtud de las cuales palabras confiesan todos los doctores santos, juntamente con los escolásticos, que el Espíritu Santo, por una especial manera, mora en el ánima del justificado; haciendo distinción entre el Espíritu Santo y sus dones, y confesando que no sólo se dan, a los tales, dones del Espíritu Santo, sino también el mismo Espíritu Santo, el cual, entrando en la tal ánima, la hace templo y morada suya; y, para esto, él mismo la limpia y santifica y adorna con sus dones; para que sea morada digna de tal huésped.

V. A todos estos beneficios se añade otro maravilloso, que es • hacerse todos los justificados miembros vivos de Cristo, los cuales antes eran miembros muertos que no recibían sus influencias; de donde nacen otras grandes y nuevas prerrogativas y excelencias. Porque de aquí procede que el mismo Hijo de Dios los ama como a sus miembros, y mira por ellos como por sus miembros, y tiene solícito

cuidado de ellos como de sus propios miembros, e influye en ellos continuamente su virtud como Cabeza en sus miembros; y finalmente, el Padre eterno los mira con amorosos ojos, porque los mira como miembros vivos de su unigénito Hijo, unidos e incorporados con él por la participación de su Espíritu; y así sus obras le son agradables y meritorias, por ser obras de miembros vivos de su Hijo, el cual obra en ellos todo lo bueno.

Λ De la cual dignidad procede que, cuando los tales piden mercedes a Dios, las piden con muy grande confianza, porque entienden que no piden tanto para sí, cuanto para el mismo Hijo de Dios que, en ellos y con ellos, es honrado. Porque, como sea verdad que el bien que se hace a los miembros se hace a la cabeza, teniendo ellos a Cristo por Cabeza, entienden que, pidiendo para sí, piden para ella. Porque, si es verdad, como el Apóstol dice, que los que pecan contra los miembros de Cristo pecan contra el mismo Cristo, y el mismo Cristo se tiene por perseguido cuando por él son sus miembros perseguidos, como él lo dijo al mismo Apóstol cuando perseguía la Iglesia, ¿qué maravilla es que, siendo estos miembros honrados, sea el mismo Cristo honrado en ellos? Y, siendo esto así, ¿qué confianza llevará el justo en la oración cuando considera que, pidiendo para sí, pide en su manera mercedes al Padre Eterno para su amantísimo Hijo? Pues nos consta que, cuando se hacen mercedes a uno por amor de otro, a aquel principalmente se hacen: por cuyo amor se hacen; como vemos que el que sirve al pobre por amor de Dios, no sirve tanto al pobre, cuanto a Dios.

VI. A todos estos beneficios se añade el postrero, a quien los otros se ordenan, que es • título y derecho que se da, a los justificados, de la vida eterna. Porque nuestro inmenso Dios, en quien tanto resplandece la justicia, juntamente con la misericordia, así como obliga a todos los pecadores impenitentes a los tormentos eternos, así acepta a todos los verdaderos penitentes a la vida perdurable. Y, pudiendo él perdonar los pecados y admitir los hombres a su amistad y gracia, sin levantarnos a la participación de su gloria, no lo quiso hacer así, sino, a los que misericordiosamente perdonó, justificó; y, a los que justificó, hizo hijos; y, a los que hizo hijos, hizo también herederos y particioneros en su misma heredad y hacienda con su unigénito Hijo. Y de aquí nace la esperanza viva que los alegra en todas sus tribulaciones, con la prenda deste incomparable tesoro; porque, aunque se vean cercados de todas las angustias, enfermedades y miserias desta vida, saben cierto que no igualan las pasiones deste siglo con la gloria advenidera que en ellos será revelada; antes las tribulaciones momentáneas y livianas que padecen son causa de un inestimable peso de gloria sobre todo lo que se puede encarecer.

Estos, pues, son los beneficios que comprehende en sí este inestimable beneficio y obra de la justificación; la cual san Agustín, con mucha razón, tiene en más que la creación del mundo, pues con una palabra crió Dios el mundo, mas para santificar al hombre derramó su sangre, y padeció tantos y tan grandes tormentos. Pues, si tanto debemos a este Señor por el beneficio de la creación, ¿cuánto más le deberemos por el de la justificación, que cuanto más le costó, tanto más con él nos obligó?

Λ Y, aunque nadie pueda saber con evidencia si está justificado, pero puede tener desto grandes conjeturas, entre las cuales no es la menos principal la mudanza de la vida, cuando el que en un tiempo cometía con gran facilidad mil mortales pecados, ahora por todo el mundo no cometerá uno. Vea, pues, el que así se halla cuán obligado está al servicio de su santificador, que de tantos males le libró, y tantos bienes le hizo, cuantos aquí se han declarado. Mas, si por ventura se halla en mal estado, no sé con qué lo pueda más mover a salir dél, que con la representación de tan grandes males como aquí ha visto que consigo trae el pecado, y con el tesoro de tan grandes bienes como consigo acarrea este incomparable beneficio.

II. De los otros efectos que el Espíritu Santo obra en el ánima del justificado,

y del sacramento de la Eucaristía

Mas no paran aquí los beneficios y obras del Espíritu Santo, porque no se contenta este divino Espíritu con ayudarnos a entrar por la puerta de la justicia, mas ayúdanos también, después de entrados, a andar por los caminos della, hasta llevarnos salvos y seguros por todas las ondas deste mar tempestuoso al puerto de la salud. Porque, entrando mediante el beneficio susodicho en el ánima del justificado, no está allí ocioso, porque no se contenta con honrar la tal ánima con su presencia, sino también la santifica con su virtud, obrando en ella y con ella todo lo que conviene para su salud. Y así está allí como padre de familia en su casa, gobernándola; y como maestro en su escuela, enseñándola; y como hortelano en su huerta, cultivándola; y como rey en su propio reino, rigiéndola; y como el sol en este mundo, alumbrándola; y finalmente, como el ánima en su cuerpo, dándole vida, sentido y movimiento —aunque no como forma en materia, sino como padre de familia en su casa—. Pues ¿qué cosa más rica ni más para desear, que tener dentro de sí tal huésped, tal gobernador, tal guía, tal compañía, tal tutor y ayudador, el cual, como sea todas las cosas, todo lo obra en las ánimas donde mora? Porque él, primeramente, como fuego, alumbra nuestro entendimiento, inflama nuestra voluntad y nos levanta de la tierra al cielo. Él, otrosí, como paloma, nos hace sencillos, mansos, tratables y amigos unos de otros. Él también, como nube, nos defiende de los ardores de nuestra carne y templa el hervor de nuestras pasiones. Y él, finalmente, como viento vehementísimo, mueve e inclina nuestra voluntad a todo lo bueno, y apártala y desaficiónala de todo lo malo; de donde vienen los justificados a aborrecer tanto los vicios que antes amaban, y a amar tanto las virtudes que antes aborrecían; como claramente lo representa en su persona el santo rey David, el cual en una parte dice que aborrecía y abominaba toda maldad, y en otra dice que amaba y se deleitaba en la ley de Dios como en todas las riquezas del mundo; y la causa desto era porque el Espíritu Santo, como buena madre, le había puesto acíbar en los pechos del mundo, y miel suavísima en los mandamientos de Dios.

Λ En lo cual parece claro cómo todos nuestros bienes y todo nuestro aprovechamiento se deben a este Espíritu divino. De tal manera que, si nos apartamos del mal, por él nos apartamos; y si hacemos bien, por él lo hacemos; y si perseveramos en él, por él perseveramos; y si nos dan galardón por este bien, él mismo es el que lo da. Por donde se ve claro lo que dice san Agustín, que, «cuando Dios paga nuestros servicios, galardona sus beneficios»; y así por una gracia nos da otra gracia, y por una merced otra merced. El santo patriarca José no se contentó con dar a sus hermanos el trigo que venían a comprar en Egipto, pero mandó también que a la boca de los costales en que lo llevaban les pusiesen el dinero que traían para comprarlo. Y lo mismo hace en su manera con los suyos este Señor, porque él les da la vida eterna, y también la gracia y la buena vida con que se compra. Conforme a lo cual dice muy bien Eusebio Emiseno: «Qui ideo colitur, ut misereatur, iam misertus est, ut coleretur»; quiere decir: «El que es servido y venerado, porque use de nosotros de su misericordia, ya usó de misericordia, cuando nos dio que así le sirviésemos y venerásemos».

Ponga, pues, el hombre los ojos en su vida y mire, como dice este mismo doctor, cuántos bienes ha hecho, y de cuántos males, de cuántos engaños, de cuántos adulterios, de cuántos robos, de cuántos sacrilegios el Señor le ha librado; y por aquí verá cuánto le debe por todo esto. Porque, como dice san Agustín, «no es menor misericordia haber prevenido él estos males, para que no los hiciese, que perdonárselos después de hechos, sino mucho mayor». Y así dice él, escribiendo a una virgen: «Todos los pecados ha de hacer cuenta el hombre que le perdonó el que le dio la gracia para que no los cometiese; y, por tanto, no quieras amar poco, como si te perdonaran poco, mas antes ama mucho, porque te fue dado mucho». Ca, si ama mucho aquel a quien fue concedido que no pagase, ¿cuánto más debe amar aquel a quien fue dado que poseyese? Porque quienquiera que desde el principio de su vida perseveró casto, por él es regido; y quien de deshonesto se hizo honesto, por él es corregido; y quien hasta el fin permanece deshonesto, por él es justamente desamparado. Pues, siendo esto así, ¿qué

resta, sino que con el Profeta digamos: Sea llena, Señor, mi boca de alabanza, para que cante tu gloria todo el día? . Sobre las cuales palabras dice el mismo san Agustín: «¿Qué cosa es todo el día? Perpetuamente y sin cesar. En las prosperidades os alabaré, Señor, porque me consoláis, y en las adversidades, porque me castigáis; antes que fuese, porque me hicistes, y después que soy, porque me distes ser; cuando pequé, porque me perdonastes, cuando me volví a vos, porque me ayudastes, y cuando perseveré hasta el fin de la vida, porque me coronastes. Por esto será mi boca llena de alabanza y cantaré vuestra gloria todo el día».

Aquí se ofrecía materia para tratar del beneficio de los Sacramentos (que son los instrumentos de nuestra justificación), y, señaladamente, del santo Bautismo, y de la lumbre de fe y gracia que con él se nos dio. Mas, porque desta materia tratamos en otros lugares, al presente no diré más. Aunque no se puede callar aquella gracia de gracias y Sacramento de sacramentos, por el cual quiso Dios morar en la tierra con los hombres y dárseles cada día en mantenimiento y en remedio. Una vez fue ofrecido en sacrificio por nosotros en la cruz, mas aquí cada día se ofrece en el altar por nuestros pecados. Cada vez —dice él— que esto hiciéredes, hacedlo en memoria de mí. ¡Oh memorial de salud! , ¡oh sacrificio singular, hostia agradable, pan de vida, mantenimiento suave, manjar de reyes y maná que en sí contiene toda suavidad! .

¿Quién te podrá cumplidamente alabar? , ¿quién dignamente recibir? , ¿quién con debido acatamiento venerar? Desfallece mi ánima pensando en ti. No puede mi lengua hablar de ti, ni puedo cuanto deseo engrandecer tus maravillas.

Y, si este beneficio concediera el Señor a solos inocentes y limpios, aun fuera dádiva inestimable. Mas ¿qué diré? , que por el mismo caso que quiso comunicar a estos, se obligó a pasar por las manos de muchos malos ministros, cuyas ánimas son moradas de Satanás, cuyos cuerpos son vasos de corrupción, cuya vida se gasta en torpezas y vicios; y, con todo esto, por visitar y consolar a sus amigos, consiente ser tratado destos, y tratado con sus manos sucias, y recibido en sus bocas sacrílegas, y sepultado en sus cuerpos hediondos. Una sola vez fue vendido su cuerpo, mas millares de veces lo es en este Sacramento. Una vez fue escarnecido y menospreciado en su pasión, mas mil veces lo es de los malos en la mesa del altar. Una vez se vio puesto entre dos ladrones, y mil veces se ve aquí envuelto en manos de pecadores.

Pues ¿con qué podremos servir a un Señor que por tantas vías y maneras pretende nuestro bien? ¿Qué le daremos por este tan admirable mantenimiento? Si los criados sirven a sus amos porque les den de comer, si los hombres de guerra se meten por hierro y por fuego por esta misma causa, ¿qué deberemos al Señor por este pasto celestial? Y, si tanto agradecimiento pedía Dios en la ley por aquel maná que envió de lo alto, que era manjar corruptible, ¿qué pedirá por este manjar, que no sólo es incorruptible, sino que también hace incorruptibles a los que dignamente lo reciben? Y, si el mismo Hijo de Dios da gracias en el Evangelio a su Padre por una comida de pan de cebada, ¿qué gracias deben los hombres dar por este Pan de vida? Si tanto debemos por el mantenimiento con que se sustenta el ser, ¿cuánto más por aquel con que se conserva el buen ser? Porque no alabamos el caballo por caballo, sino por buen caballo; ni al vino por vino, sino por excelente vino; ni al hombre por hombre, sino por buen hombre. Pues, si tanto debes al que te hizo hombre, ¿cuánto le deberás porque te hizo buen hombre?

; si tanto por los bienes del cuerpo, ¿cuánto por los bienes del ánima? ; si tanto por los bienes de naturaleza, ¿cuánto por los bienes de gracia? ; finalmente, si tanto le debes porque te hizo hijo de Adán, ¿cuánto más le deberás porque te hizo hijo de Dios? . Pues es cierto, como dice Eusebio Emiseno, que «mucho mejor es el día en que nacemos para la eternidad, que aquel en que nacemos para los peligros del mundo».

Cata aquí, pues, hermano, otro nuevo título, que es otra nueva cadena, la cual, juntamente con las pasadas, prende tu corazón y te obliga más a la virtud y al servicio deste Señor.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Isa.66.24;Mark.9.48 — And they shall go out and see the corpses of the men who rebelled against me, for their worm shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched, and they shall be an abhorrence to all flesh. Mark.9.48 — where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.
  2. ↩Matt.8.12 — But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown out into the outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
  3. ↩Job.10.22 — a land of deepest darkness, like thick gloom, of shadow of death and no order, and its brightness is like deep darkness.
  4. ↩Eph.3.16;2Cor.4.16;Rom.12.2 — that he may grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner person 2Cor.4.16 — Therefore we do not lose heart; even though our outer self is wasting away, our inner self is being renewed day by day. Rom.12.2 — And do not be conformed to this age, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, so that you may discern what is the will of God—what is good and acceptable and perfect.
  5. ↩2Cor.5.17;Gal.6.15;Eph.4.23-Eph.4.24 — So if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away; behold, the new has come. Gal.6.15 — For neither circumcision is anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. Eph.4.23 — and be renewed in the spirit of your mind, Eph.4.24 — and put on the new self, created according to God in righteousness and holiness of the truth.
  6. ↩Titus.3.5;John.3.3-John.3.5 — not by works of righteousness that we ourselves had done, but according to his mercy he saved us, through the washing of renewal and rebirth and the renewing of the Holy Spirit, John.3.3 — Jesus answered him, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God." John.3.4 — Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when he is old? He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he?" John.3.5 — Jesus answered, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.
  7. ↩Eph.2.1-Eph.2.5;Rom.6.4-Rom.6.11 — And you, though dead in your trespasses and sins, Eph.2.2 — in which you once walked according to the age of this world, according to the ruler of the authority of the air, the spirit now working in the sons of disobedience; Eph.2.3 — Among them we too all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the flesh and the thoughts, and we were by nature children of wrath, just like the rest. Eph.2.4 — But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, Eph.2.5 — even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved— Rom.6.4 — Therefore we were buried with him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life. Rom.6.5 — For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we shall also be united with him in the likeness of his resurrection. Rom.6.6 — We know this: our old self was crucified with him, so that the body of sin might be rendered powerless, that we might no longer be enslaved to sin. Rom.6.7 — For the one who has died has been justified from sin. Rom.6.8 — Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him. Rom.6.9 — knowing that Christ, having been raised from the dead, dies no longer; death no longer has dominion over him. Rom.6.10 — For the death he died, he died to sin once for all; but the life he lives, he lives to God. Rom.6.11 — So also you, consider yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.
  8. ↩1Cor.3.16;1Cor.6.19 — Do you not know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you? 1Cor.6.19 — Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God? And you are not your own,
  9. ↩Isa.11.2-Isa.11.3 — And the Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him—the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD. Isa.11.3 — And his delight shall be in the fear of the LORD. He shall not judge by what his eyes see, nor decide by what his ears hear.
  10. ↩Matt.12.43-Matt.12.45 — When the unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it passes through waterless places seeking rest and does not find it. Matt.12.44 — Then it says, 'I will return to my house from which I came.' And when it comes, it finds it empty, swept, and put in order. Matt.12.45 — Then it goes and takes with itself seven other spirits more evil than itself, and entering in, they dwell there; and the last state of that man becomes worse than the first. So it will be also with this evil generation.
  11. ↩John.14.23 — Jesus answered him, 'If anyone loves me, he will keep my word. My Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him.'
  12. ↩1Cor.3.16;John.14.23 — Do you not know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you? John.14.23 — Jesus answered him, 'If anyone loves me, he will keep my word. My Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him.'
  13. ↩John.1.14 — And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we beheld his glory, glory as of the only-begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.
  14. ↩Phil.2.13;Gal.2.20 — For God is the one working in you, both to desire and to work for his good pleasure. Gal.2.20 — I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.
  15. ↩1Cor.8.12;1Cor.6.15 — And so, when you sin against the brothers and strike their conscience while it is weak, you sin against Christ. 1Cor.6.15 — Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ? Shall I then take the members of Christ and make them members of a prostitute? Never!
  16. ↩Acts.9.4-Acts.9.5;Acts.22.7-Acts.22.8 — He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, "Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?" Acts.9.5 — He said, "Who are you, Lord?" And the Lord said, "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting." Acts.22.7 — I fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to me, 'Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?' Acts.22.8 — But I answered, 'Who are you, Lord?' And he said to me, 'I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you are persecuting.'
  17. ↩Matt.25.40 — And the King will answer them, 'Truly I tell you, as you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me.'
  18. ↩2Cor.4.17 — For our light and momentary affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all measure,
  19. ↩Acts.2.3;Luke.12.49 — And there appeared to them tongues as of fire, distributed, and it sat upon each one of them. Luke.12.49 — I came to cast fire upon the earth, and what do I wish? If only it were already kindled!
  20. ↩Matt.3.16;Mark.1.10;Luke.3.22;John.1.32 — And when Jesus had been baptized, he immediately went up from the water. And behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming upon him. Mark.1.10 — And immediately, as he was coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens being torn open and the Spirit, like a dove, descending to him. Luke.3.22 — and the Holy Spirit descended in bodily form like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven: "You are my Son, the Beloved; in you I am well pleased." John.1.32 — And John testified, saying, 'I have seen the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it remained on him.'
  21. ↩Exod.13.21-Exod.13.22;Num.9.15-Num.9.23;Luke.1.35 — And the LORD went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them along the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they might travel by day and by night. Exod.13.22 — The pillar of cloud did not depart by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people. Num.9.15 — And on the day the tabernacle was set up, the cloud covered the tabernacle, the tent of the testimony; and in the evening it was over the tabernacle like the appearance of fire until morning. Num.9.16 — So it was continually—the cloud covered it, and the appearance of fire by night. Num.9.17 — And whenever the cloud lifted from over the tent, after that the Israelites set out; and in the place where the cloud settled, there the Israelites would camp. Num.9.18 — At the command of the LORD the Israelites set out, and at the command of the LORD they camped. All the days that the cloud dwelt over the tabernacle, they camped. Num.9.19 — And when the cloud lingered over the tabernacle many days, the people of Israel kept the charge of the LORD and did not set out. Num.9.20 — And there were times when the cloud remained over the tabernacle for a number of days; at the command of the LORD they encamped, and at the command of the LORD they set out. Num.9.21 — And whenever the cloud remained from evening until morning, and the cloud lifted in the morning, they would set out; or if it lifted by day or by night, they would set out. Num.9.22 — Whether it was two days, or a month, or many days—when the cloud lingered over the tabernacle, dwelling upon it, the Israelites would camp and would not set out; but when it was lifted, they would set out. Num.9.23 — At the command of the LORD they camped, and at the command of the LORD they set out. They kept the charge of the LORD, at the command of the LORD through Moses. Luke.1.35 — And the angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also the one to be born will be called Son of God."
  22. ↩Acts.2.2;John.3.8;Ezek.37.9-Ezek.37.10 — And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like the rush of a violent wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting. John.3.8 — The Spirit blows where it wishes, and you hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone who is born of the Spirit. Ezek.37.9 — Then he said to me, "Prophesy to the breath; prophesy, son of man, and say to the breath, 'Thus says the Lord GOD: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these slain, that they may live.'" Ezek.37.10 — So I prophesied as he commanded me, and the breath entered them, and they came to life and stood on their feet — a vast army, exceedingly great.
  23. ↩Ps.119.163;Ps.97.10 — I hate and abhor falsehood, but your law I love. Ps.97.10 — O you who love the LORD, hate evil! He guards the lives of his faithful ones; from the hand of the wicked he delivers them.
  24. ↩Ps.119.14;Ps.1.2 — I have rejoiced in the way of your testimonies as much as in all riches. Ps.1.2 — But his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night.
  25. ↩Luke.7.47;Luke.12.48 — Therefore I tell you, her many sins are forgiven, as her great love shows. But the one who is forgiven little loves little. Luke.12.48 — but the one who did not know, yet did what deserved a beating, will be beaten with few blows. And from everyone to whom much was given, much will be required; and from the one to whom much was entrusted, they will ask for even more.
  26. ↩Ps.71.8 — My mouth is filled with your praise; all day long, with your glory.
  27. ↩Ps.71.8 — My mouth is filled with your praise; all day long, with your glory.
  28. ↩Jas.1.12;Rev.2.10;2Tim.4.8 — Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life, which the Lord has promised to those who love him. Rev.2.10 — Do not fear at all the things you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, so that you may be tested, and you will have affliction for ten days. Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life. 2Tim.4.8 — From now on, there is reserved for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will give me on that day — and not only to me, but also to all who have loved his appearing.
  29. ↩Ps.71.8 — My mouth is filled with your praise; all day long, with your glory.
  30. ↩John.1.12;Rom.8.14-Rom.8.17;Gal.4.4-Gal.4.7 — But to all who received him, he gave the right to become children of God—to those who believed in his name. Rom.8.14 — For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. Rom.8.15 — For you did not receive a spirit of slavery again to fear, but you received a spirit of adoption, in which we cry, "Abba, Father." Rom.8.16 — The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God. Rom.8.17 — And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. Gal.4.4 — But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, Gal.4.5 — in order to redeem those under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. Gal.4.6 — And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba, Father.' Gal.4.7 — So you are no longer a slave but a son; and if a son, then an heir through God.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩virtud de este soberano beneficio is rendered as power/efficacy of the redeeming gift, not moral virtue.
  2. 2 ↩previene / prevenido is technical prevenient-grace language (to go before / anticipate with mercy), not 'prevent' in the modern sense of stop.
  3. 3 ↩"cuanto es de su cosecha" rendered as "so far as it depends on what is his own" (idiomatic: of his own stock/making, not a literal harvest).
  4. 4 ↩Continuation fragment from GuiaPec.1.7.4.s2: mortal sin's first and greatest harm to a soul is to make God its enemy (della = de ella, the soul).
  5. 5 ↩"Este" points back to God's enmity toward the sinful soul (s1–s2), set in antithesis to God's love for us.
  6. 6 ↩"largueza" rendered as "generosity" (liberality/bounty of grace), not mere physical "largeness."
  7. 7 ↩Spanish graciosamente here means freely/gratuitously (by sheer gift), not aesthetic gracefulness.
  8. 8 ↩potencias del ánima kept as 'powers of the soul' (intellect, will, etc.); the damage is operational capacity (habilidades para obrar), not destruction of the faculties’ essence.
  9. 9 ↩Source sentence ends mid-clause at 'de tal manera que ni'; the continuation appears in GuiaPec.1.7.9.s1. Translation preserves the incomplete juncture.
  10. 10 ↩Continues the previous section's clause: sins dull the soul's spiritual senses 'so that neither…'. English keeps the incomplete-clause opening ('do they hear…') to match the source break; the subject of the final triad (rob / quench / leave) is sins, not the soul.
  11. 11 ↩gracias naturales rendered as 'natural gifts' to distinguish created endowments from sanctifying grace (vida de gracia) later in the sentence.
  12. 12 ↩concurso general / concurso especial preserves the scholastic sense of God's general concurrence versus special supernatural concurrence in producing the beauty of grace in the soul.
  13. 13 ↩Spanish 'asistencia' continues the prior section's contrast between bare divine concurrence and the special, supernatural gift of justification; rendered as 'assistance' to keep that scholastic sense without flattening it into mere help.
  14. 14 ↩hacienda rendered as estate to preserve the father/heir analogy for the spiritual goods of justification; alternative: inheritance, wealth, or property.
  15. 15 ↩Spanish influencias names the vital inflow from Christ as Head into his members (cf. the next section’s influye … su virtud); rendered as “influence” to keep the body-of-Christ physiology without modernizing it into vague inspiration.
  16. 16 ↩Printed sentence is cut mid-phrase at tiene solícito; the following section continues with cuidado de ellos… Rendered only through the supplied text so as not to borrow words from GuiaPec.1.7.14.
  17. 17 ↩Spanish ella refers to cabeza (Head, feminine). Rendered as him for Christ as Head.
  18. 18 ↩en su manera rendered as in his own way (i.e., after the manner of a member asking for the Head), not as a separate method of prayer.
  19. 19 ↩Source has a stray bullet (•) before «título»; read as «el título y derecho» / «the title and right».
  20. 20 ↩«particioneros en su misma heredad y hacienda» rendered as co-sharers in His own inheritance and estate (not mere legal co-owners).
  21. 21 ↩«sobre todo lo que se puede encarecer» rendered as beyond all that can be praised (encarecer = exalt/value highly), not merely 'beyond exaggeration'.
  22. 22 ↩Leading siglum Λ in the source is treated as a printer’s/section mark and omitted from the English.
  23. 23 ↩The aside «aunque no como forma en materia» rejects a strict Aristotelian hylomorphic identity of Spirit and soul: the Spirit animates the soul as an indwelling governor, not as substantial form.
  24. 24 ↩«acíbar» is bitter aloes (traditionally smeared on a nurse's breasts to wean a child). The maternal weaning image is retained rather than flattened to generic «bitterness».
  25. 25 ↩Spanish galardona sus beneficios: God rewards the good that is itself already his gift; 'beneficios' here means his prior favors, not our independent merits.
  26. 26 ↩con que se compra keeps the Joseph-sack metaphor: eternal life is 'bought' with a good life, but both the life and the price (grace) are God's gift.
  27. 27 ↩Spanish use de nosotros de su misericordia is slightly stiff early-modern phrasing; rendered as 'show us his mercy' to carry the sense of God exercising mercy toward us.
  28. 28 ↩Augustine’s contrast: prevenient mercy that keeps a person from sin is not less than, but greater than, forgiveness after the fact.
  29. 29 ↩Archaic connective ‘Ca’ rendered as ‘For’ (causal). Contrast is between the debtor excused from payment and the one positively given goods to possess.
  30. 30 ↩deshonesto/honesto rendered as unchaste/chaste to match the opening ‘casto’ triad; they can also mean morally impure/upright more broadly.
  31. 31 ↩Source sentence is truncated mid-clause; sense continues in GuiaPec.1.7.24.s1 (‘…remains but that we should say with the Prophet…’).
  32. 32 ↩Continues the incomplete question from GuiaPec.1.7.23.s6 ('Pues, siendo esto así, ¿qué…'). Full sense: 'This being so, what remains but that we should say with the Prophet…?'
  33. 33 ↩Spanish 'castigáis' kept as 'chastise' (formative discipline), not mere punishment; 'consoláis' as 'comfort' in the classical consolatory sense.
  34. 34 ↩gracia de gracias / Sacramento de sacramentos is a superlative Eucharistic title; kept as grace of graces and Sacrament of sacraments to preserve the liturgical height of the phrase.
  35. 35 ↩salud can mean health or salvation; in this Eucharistic apostrophe, salvation is the intended sense.
  36. 36 ↩hostia rendered host (sacrificial victim/Eucharistic species), not merely victim, to keep the altar-sacrament register; singular as unique/one-of-a-kind.
  37. 37 ↩Spanish is elliptical after s1: the object 'te' and modal 'podrá' are carried over; English supplies them for a readable sentence.
  38. 38 ↩Spanish is elliptical: 'quién con debido acatamiento venerar' continues the chain of questions from s1; English completes the implied 'te podrá'.
  39. 39 ↩"comunicar a estos" is rendered as the Lord's self-communication (Eucharistic sharing) with recipients; "estos" is taken as the communicants under discussion, not only the "inocentes y limpios" of s1. "destos" refers to the bad ministers.
  40. 40 ↩mantenimiento: sustenance/nourishment; here the Eucharistic food just praised.
  41. 41 ↩ser / buen ser: bare existence versus the grace-formed goodness of that existence; the a fortiori continues into s7–s8 (man vs. good man).
  42. 42 ↩«Eusebio Emiseno» rendered as Eusebius of Emesa (Eusebius Emesenus), the usual English form of this patristic attribution.
  43. 43 ↩Spanish «título» here continues the chapter’s legal-moral sense: a ground or claim by which we are bound to virtue, not a book title. «Cadena» keeps the binding/chain image of that claim.

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