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Capítulo XXIII. Duodécimo privilegio de la virtud, que es cuán alegre y quieta sea la muerte de los buenos; y por el contrario, cuán miserable y congojosa la de los malos

The Misery of the Wicked at Death

The author contrasts the glorious end of the righteous with the profound anguish, fear, and spiritual desolation experienced by the wicked at the hour of death.

To all these privileges is added the last: the glorious end and death of the good, toward which all the others are directed. For if, as people say, "glory is sung at the end," tell me: what could be more glorious than the end of the good, or more miserable than that of the wicked?1 Precious, as the Psalmist says, is the death of the saints in the Lord's sight; but of the death of sinners he says it is most evil—that is, very bad in the highest degree—because for body and soul alike it is the last of all evils.✦✦2 And so Saint Bernard says on these words: "The death of sinners is most evil, because first it is bad by reason of separation from the world, worse by separation from the body, and worst of all by the two eternal torments of fire and the undying worm that follow it."✦ For it hurts a great deal to leave the world, and much more to leave the flesh—but far more still is the torment of hell. So all these things together, with others joined to them, torment the wicked man in that hour; for there, first of all, the attacks of illness wear him down—the pains of the body, the fears of the soul, the anguish over what is left behind, the cares about what is to come, the memory of past sins, the dread of the account still ahead, the fear of the sentence, the horror of the grave, the separation from everything that3 He loves in a disordered way—that is, he loves his wealth, his friends, his wife, his children, and this common light and air, and life itself.4 Each of these things, for its part, wounds him all the more deeply the more it was loved. For, as Saint Augustine says so well: "Things that are held with love are not lost without pain." That’s why a philosopher said that "the one who feared death less was the one who had fewer pleasures in life."5 But above all this, what wears him down at that hour is the torment of a bad conscience, and the thought and fear of what is stored up for him. For then, as a man is awakened by the presence of death, he opens his eyes and looks at what he never looked at in life. Eusebius of Emesa explains the reason for this well in a homily: "Because at that time, all the cares of amassing and seeking what is needed for life cease, as do the ambitions for honor and property. There is no longer any work, soldiering, or other occupation—and so, the soul, emptied of every other care, is filled only with the thought of the reckoning, and the weight of the divine judgment takes hold of all the senses."6 So, with the wretched man in this state—life behind him and death before his eyes—he forgets everything present that he is leaving and begins to think of what is coming to meet him. There he sees that the pleasures are finished, and only the sins committed in pursuing them remain for the divine judgment."7 Continuing this subject, the same doctor says in another homily: "Let us think of the weeping of the negligent soul when it leaves this life—the anguish, the gloom, the darkness—when it sees that, among the adversaries surrounding it, its own conscience comes out first to meet it, accompanied by many sins."8 For she alone, without any further proof, must present herself before our eyes, so that her testimony may convict us and her knowledge may put us to shame.9 Here nothing can be covered up or denied; for the accuser and the witness must come out not from far away, but from within ourselves." So far, these are the words of Eusebius. Cardinal Peter Damian continues this subject at greater length and more divinely, saying: "Let us think carefully about how fiercely the soul of a sinner is assailed by fears when it begins to leave the prison of this flesh, and by how many goads of an accusing conscience it is stung." It remembers the sins it committed, sees the divine commandments it despised, grieves for having wasted in vain the time of penance, and is distressed to see that the inevitable hour of reckoning and of divine vengeance is at hand.10 It would want to stay, and it is forced to leave; it would want to recover what it has lost, and no time is given it for that. Looking back, it surveys the whole course of its past life, and it seems no more than the briefest moment. It casts them forward, and sees a span of infinite perpetuity waiting for it.11 It weeps, seeing that it has lost the joy of all the ages—which it could have won in this briefest span—and is distressed because it lost that unspeakable sweetness of perpetual delight for a brief pleasure of the sensual flesh; and it is ashamed, considering that for that substance which was to be food for worms, it despised the one that was to be set among the choirs of angels.12 And, contemplating the glory of those immortal riches, it is confounded to see how it lost them for the poverty of these temporal goods. But when it lowers its eyes from on high to look at the dark valley of this world, and sees above itself the brightness of that eternal light, it knows clearly that everything it loved in this world was night and darkness. Oh, if only then it could earn some time for penance—how harsh a life it would take on, how great the things it would promise, and to how many vows and prayers it would bind itself! But while he turns these things over in his heart, the messengers and forerunners of death begin to arrive. Joined to this, on one side, is the horrible company of demons, and on the other, the virtue and company of angels. And then people begin to sense which of the two sides that prey will belong to.13 For if there are works of piety and virtue in him, he is immediately comforted by the delight and banquet of the angels.14 But if the ugliness of his demerits and wicked life call for something else, he immediately shudders with intolerable fear and distrust; and so he is cast headlong, assaulted, torn from his miserable flesh, and carried off to the eternal torments.15 All of the above is from Peter Damian. Tell me, then: if this is true—and if this is how it must go—what more would be needed, if people had any sense, to see how miserable the lot of the wicked is, and how much one should flee it, since so sad and disastrous an end is reserved for them?16 And if the things of this life could help at all in that hour, the way they help with everything else, it wouldn't be so bad.17 But what can we say? The truth is that none of these things helps there; it's certain that honors do no good, riches can't defend you, friends are of no avail, servants can't keep you company, lineage offers no help, wealth won't come to your rescue, and nothing else is of any use, except for virtue and innocence of life. For, as the Wise Man says, riches will not help on the day of vengeance, but justice will.✦18 only justice—which is virtue—will free from death.✦19 So, since the wicked person finds himself so poor and stripped of this help, how can he help but tremble and be in anguish, seeing himself so alone and without favor in the divine judgment?

The Peace of the Just at Death

The righteous face death with confidence and joy, viewing it not as an end but as a transition to eternal life, supported by the grace of Christ and their own good works.

I. On the death of the righteous. But, on the contrary, how free from all these evils is the death of the just! For just as the wicked person receives the punishment for his wicked deeds here, so the good person receives the reward for his merits—according to that saying in Ecclesiasticus: It will go well with the one who fears God in his last days, and at the hour of death he will be blessed; that is, he will be enriched and rewarded for his labors. And this is what the evangelist Saint John made clearest in the Apocalypse, when he says he heard a voice from heaven that told him to write, and the words it commanded him to write were these: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord, for then the Holy Spirit tells them to rest already from their labors, because their good works follow after them. So how will the just person, who has this word from God, lose heart at this hour, seeing that he is going to receive what he sought all his life? For this reason it is written in the book of Job, speaking of the just person, that at the hour of evening the radiance of noon will rise for him, and when it seems to him that he was worn out, he will shine like a morning star. On these words Saint Gregory says that "this is why this radiance dawns for the just person at the hour of evening: because at the hour of his death he recognizes the brightness and glory prepared for him." And so, at the time when others grow sad and lose heart, he is comforted and confident in God." So Solomon testifies in his Proverbs, saying: Because of his malice the wicked person will be cast aside, but the just person, at the hour of his death, will be confident. If not, tell me: what greater confidence than that which blessed Saint Martin had at the hour of his death—who, seeing the devil before him, spoke these words: "What are you doing here, bloody beast? You will find nothing dead in me for you to feed on; and for that reason Abraham's bosom will receive me in peace"?20 What greater confidence, moreover, than that which our father Saint Dominic had in this same passage—who, seeing his friars weep for his departure and for the lack his absence would leave them, comforted and strengthened them, saying: "Don't lose heart, my children, because in the place where I am going I will be more useful to you"?21 So how could he lose heart or fear death in that crisis—someone who held glory as so completely his own that he expected not only to reach it for himself, but also for his children? So for this reason the just have no cause to fear death; rather, they die praising God and giving him thanks for their end, since in it their labors end and their happiness begins. And so Saint Augustine says on the epistle of Saint John: "Of the one who longs to be set free and to be with Christ, we should not say that he dies with patience, but that he lives with patience and dies with joy."22 So the just person has no reason to be sad or to fear death; rather, it is rightly said that he dies singing like a swan, giving glory to God for calling him home.23 He doesn't fear death because he feared God, and whoever fears this Lord has nothing else to fear.✦ He doesn't fear death, because he feared how he lived — for the fears of death are the effects of a bad life.24 He doesn't fear death because he spent his whole life learning how to die and preparing for it; a person who is well prepared has no reason to fear his enemy. He doesn't fear death, because in life he did nothing else but look for helpers and advocates for this hour — and those are the virtues and good works.25 He doesn't fear death because he has already won the Judge over and made Him favorable for this hour through the many services he has offered Him.26 Finally, he doesn't fear death, because for the just person death is not death but sleep; not death but a change; not death but the last day of labors; not death but the path to life and a step up to immortality. For he understands that once death passed through the spring of Life, it lost the bitter aftertaste of death it had and took on the sweetness of life.✦✦✦27 Nor does he lose heart either at all the other mishaps and companions of this passage, because he knows that these are the labor pains with which he is born into eternity—for love of which he always longed for death and endured life with patience.✦ He does not lose heart at the memory of his sins, because he has Christ as Redeemer, whom he always pleased; not at the severity of the divine judgment, because he has him as Advocate; not at the presence of the demons, because he has him as Captain; not at the horror of the grave, because✦✦28 He knows that he sows a natural body there, so that it may later rise as a spiritual one.✦29 So then, if "the glory is sung at the end," and "the last day—as Seneca so well says—judges all the other days and passes sentence on the whole life that has gone before" (because it is the last day that justifies or condemns every step of that life), and so peaceful and quiet is the end of the good, and so anguished and dangerous the end of the wicked—what more was needed than this one difference alone to spit out the bad life and embrace the good?30 What good are all the pleasures, all prosperity, all riches, and all the luxuries and lordships of the world, if in the end I am hurled headlong into hell?✦ And what harm can all the miseries of this life do me, if I finish in peace and quiet, carrying pledges of the glory still to come?31 Let the wicked man be as clever as he likes at knowing how to live. What is the point of that know-how, except for acquiring things that make you prouder, vainer, softer in luxury, stronger for evil, and weaker for good—things that make death all the more bitter the sweeter life was?32 If there is any good sense on earth, there is none greater than knowing how to order your life well toward this end, since the chief work of the wise person is knowing how to order the means properly for that end. So then, if the wise physician is the one who knows how to order medicine for health—which is the end of that medicine—then that person will be perfectly and absolutely wise who knows how to order his life for death: that is, for the account that must be given in it, the end to which the whole of life ought to be ordered.✦

Examples and Final Assurance

The author concludes by promising examples of holy deaths and affirming that God's infinite goodness ensures comfort for all His children at their departure.

II. What has been said is proven by examples. But for a fuller explanation and confirmation of what has been said, and for the reader's spiritual refreshment, it seemed good to me to add here a few examples—worth remembering—of the glorious deaths of certain saints, taken from the fourth book of the Dialogues of St. Gregory the Pope, in which it will clearly be seen how joyful and blessed the death of the just is.✦ And if I dwell on this a little, the time spent will not be wasted; for this holy doctor tells these stories in such a way that, along the way, he keeps giving a great deal of teaching and wholesome counsel in them. Many other examples could be cited, but these are enough to show how quiet, peaceful, and joyful the death of the good usually is. For although not everyone is granted such striking, sensible signs, still, because they are all children of God, and at the hour of death the term of their labors ends and the time of reward begins, they are always strengthened and comforted there by the help of divine grace and by the witness of their good conscience.✦33 And that is how the blessed Saint Ambrose comforted himself at this passage, saying: "I have not lived in such a way that I regret having lived; nor do I fear death, because we have a good Lord."34 If these great favors seem incredible to anyone, let them fix their eyes on the incomprehensible immensity of God's goodness—whose nature is to love, honor, and favor the good—and everything told here will seem small to them.35 For if this goodness went so far as to take human flesh and die on a cross for human beings, what great wonder is it that he should comfort and honor the good at the hour of death—those he redeemed at so great a price?36 And if, as soon as they breathe their last, he is going to bring them into his house, make them sharers in his glory, and show them the divine essence, why is it any wonder that he would grant them these favors at the time of their departure?

Read the original Spanish

A todos estos privilegios se añade el postrero, que es el fin y muerte gloriosa de los buenos, al cual todos los otros se ordenan. Porque, si, como dicen, «al fin se canta la gloria», dime: ¿Qué cosa más gloriosa que el fin de los buenos, ni más miserable que el de los malos? Preciosa es —como dice el Salmista— la muerte de los santos, en el acatamiento del Señor; mas la muerte de los pecadores dice que es pésima; que quiere decir muy mala en grado superlativo, porque así para el cuerpo como para el ánima es el último de todos los males. Y así dice san Bernardo sobre estas palabras: «La muerte de los pecadores es pésima, porque ella es, primeramente, mala por razón del apartamiento del mundo, y peor por el apartamiento del cuerpo, y pésima por los dos eternos tormentos del fuego y del gusano inmortal que se siguen después della». Porque mucho duele dejar el mundo, y mucho más salir de la carne, pero mucho más el tormento del infierno. Pues todas estas cosas juntas, con otras anexas a ellas, atormentan al malo en aquel tiempo; porque allí, primeramente, le fatigan los accidentes de la enfermedad, los dolores del cuerpo, los temores del ánima, las congojas de lo que queda, los cuidados de lo que será, la memoria de los pecados pasados, el recelo de la cuenta venidera, el temor de la sentencia, el horror de la sepultura, el apartamiento de todo lo que

desordenadamente ama, esto es, de la hacienda, de los amigos, de la mujer, de los hijos, y desta luz y aire común, y de la misma vida. Cada cosa de estas, por su parte, tanto más le lastima, cuanto era más amada. Porque, como dice muy bien san Agustín: «No se pierden sin dolor las cosas que se poseen con amor». Por donde dijo un filósofo que «aquel temía menos la muerte: que menos deleites tenía en la vida».

Pero, sobre todo esto, fatiga en aquella hora el tormento de la mala conciencia, y la consideración y temor de lo que le está guardado. Porque entonces, despertando el hombre con la presencia de la muerte, abre los ojos y mira lo que nunca había mirado en la vida. La razón de lo cual señala muy bien Eusebio Emiseno en una homilía, diciendo: «Que, porque en aquel tiempo cesan todos los cuidados de allegar y de buscar lo necesario para la vida, y cesa también la ambición de la honra y de la hacienda, y ninguna ocupación hay entonces ni de trabajar ni de militar ni de hacer otra cosa alguna, de aquí es que sola la consideración de la cuenta ocupa el ánima, vacía de todos los otros cuidados, y sólo el peso del divino juicio toma todos los sentidos. Estando, pues, así el hombre miserable, con la vida puesta a las espaldas y la muerte ante los ojos, olvídase de todo lo presente que deja y comienza a pensar en lo venidero que le aguarda. Allí ve cómo ya se acabaron los deleites, y solos los pecados que se hicieron cometiéndolos quedan para el divino juicio». Y, prosiguiendo el mismo doctor esta materia, en otra homilía dice así: «Pensemos qué llanto será aquel del ánima negligente cuando salga desta vida, qué angustias, qué escuridad, qué tinieblas cuando vea que, entre los adversarios que la han de cercar, le salga primero al encuentro su misma conciencia acompañada de diversos pecados. Porque ella sola, sin más provanza, se ha de ofrecer a nuestros ojos, para que nos convenza su testimonio y nos confunda su conocimiento. No será posible encubrirse aquí nada ni negarse; pues no de lejos ni de otra parte, sino de dentro de nos mismos ha de salir el acusador y el testigo».

Hasta aquí son palabras de Eusebio.

Pero más a la larga y más divinamente prosigue Pedro Damiano, Cardenal, esta materia, diciendo así: «Pensemos con mucha atención cuando el ánima de un pecador comienza a salir de la prisión desta carne, con cuán recios temores es combatida, y con cuántos estímulos de la conciencia acusadora pungida. Acuérdase de las culpas que cometió, ve los mandamientos divinos que menospreció, duélese por haber vanamente gastado el tiempo de la penitencia, y aflígese viendo que está presente el artículo inevitable de la cuenta y de la divina venganza. Querría quedarse, y es compelido a partirse; querría recobrar lo perdido, y no se le da espacio para ello. Volviendo los ojos atrás, mira todo el curso de la vida pasada, y parécele un brevísimo punto. Échalos adelante, y ve un espacio de infinita perpetuidad que la está esperando. Llora, viendo que perdió la alegría de todos los siglos (la cual en este brevísimo espacio pudiera ganar), y aflígese porque perdió aquella inefable dulzura de perpetua suavidad por un breve deleite de la carne sensual; y avergüénzase, considerando que, por aquella sustancia que había de ser comida de gusanos, despreció aquella que había de ser colocada entre los coros de los ángeles. Y, contemplando la gloria de aquellas riquezas inmortales, confúndese de ver cómo las perdió por la pobreza destos bienes temporales. Mas, cuando abaja los ojos de lo alto a mirar el valle tenebroso deste mundo, y ve sobre sí la claridad de aquella luz eterna, conoce claramente que era noche y tinieblas todo lo que en este mundo amaba.

¡Oh, si pudiese entonces merecer espacio de penitencia, cuán áspera vida abrazaría, cuán grandes cosas prometería, y a cuántos votos y oraciones se obligaría!

»Mas, entre tanto que estas cosas revuelve en su corazón, comienzan a venir los mensajeros y precursores de la muerte Con esto se junta, por una parte, la horrible compañía de los demonios, y por otra, la virtud y compañía de los ángeles. Y luego se comienza a barruntar a cuál de las dos partes ha de pertenecer aquella presa. Porque, si en él hay obras de piedad, y virtud, luego es consolado con el regalo y convite de los ángeles. Mas, si la fealdad de sus deméritos, y mala vida, piden otra cosa, luego se estremece con intolerable temor y desconfianza; y así es despeñado, y acometido, y arrancado de su miserable carne, y llevado a los tormentos eternos». Todo lo susodicho es de Pedro Damiano. Dime, pues, ahora si esto es verdad; y, si esto así ha de pasar, ¿qué más era menester, si los hombres tuviesen seso, para ver cuán miserable sea y cuánto para huir la suerte de los malos, pues les está guardado un tan triste y ta desastrado fin?

Y, si para aquel tiempo pudiesen ayudar en algo las cosas desta vida, como ayudan para todo lo ál, menos mal sería. Pero ¿qué diremos? Que, allí, ninguna destas ayuda, pues es cierto que allí ni aprovechan las honras, ni defienden las riquezas, ni valen los amigos, ni acompañan los criados, ni ayuda el linaje, ni socorre la hacienda, ni sirve otra cosa, sino sola la virtud e inocencia de la vida. Porque, como dice el Sabio, no aprovecharán las riquezas en el día de la venganza, mas la justicia

sola —que es la virtud— librará de la muerte. Pues, como el malo se halle tan pobre, y tan desnudo deste socorro, ¿cómo podrá dejar de temblar y congojarse, viéndose tan solo y desfavorecido en el juicio divino?

I. De la muerte de los justos

Mas, por el contrario, la muerte de los justos, ¡cuán ajena está de todos estos males! Porque, así como el malo recibe aquí el castigo de sus maldades, así el bueno el galardón de sus merecimientos; según aquello del Eclesiástico, que dice: Al que teme a Dios irá bien en sus postrimerías, y en la hora de la muerte será bendito; esto es, será enriquecido y galardonado por sus trabajos. Y esto es lo que más claramente significó el evangelista san Juan en el Apocalipsis, el cual dice que oyó una voz del cielo que le dijo que escribiese, y las palabras que le mandó escribir eran estas: Bienaventurados los muertos que mueren en el Señor, porque luego les dice el Espíritu Santo que descansen ya de sus trabajos, porque sus buenas obras van en seguimiento dellos. Pues el justo, que esta palabra tiene de Dios, ¿cómo desmayará en esta hora, viendo que va a recibir lo que procuró toda la vida? Pues por esto se escribe en el libro de Job, hablando del justo, que a la hora de la tarde le saldrá el resplandor del mediodía, y, cuando le pareciere que estaba consumido, resplandecerá como lucero. Sobre las cuales palabras dice san Gregorio que «por esto amanece este resplandor al justo en la hora de la tarde: porque a la hora de su muerte reconoce la claridad y gloria que le está aparejada. Y así, en el tiempo que los otros se entristecen y desmayan, está él en Dios consolado y confiado». Así lo testifica Salomón en sus Proverbios, diciendo: Por su malicia será desechado el malo, mas, el justo, a la hora de su muerte estará confiado.

Si no, dime: ¿Qué mayor confianza que la que el bienaventurado san Martín tenía a la hora de su muerte, el cual, viendo ante sí al demonio, dijo estas palabras: «¿Qué haces aquí, bestia sangrienta? No hallarás en mí cosa muerta en que te puedas cebar; y por esto el seno de Abrahán me recibirá en paz»? ¿Qué mayor confianza, otrosí, que la que en este mismo paso tenía nuestro padre santo Domingo, el cual, viendo a sus frailes llorar por su partida y por la falta que les hacía, los consoló y esforzó diciendo: «No os desconsoléis, hijos míos, porque en el lugar donde voy os seré más provechoso»? Pues ¿cómo podía en aquel trance desconsolarse ni temer la muerte, quien tenía la gloria por tan suya, que no sólo esperaba alcanzarla para sí, sino también para sus hijos?

Pues por esta causa los justos no tienen por qué temer la muerte, antes mueren alabando y dando gracias a Dios por su acabamiento, pues en él acaban sus trabajos y comienza su felicidad. Y así dice san Agustín sobre la epístola de san Juan: «El que desea ser desatado y verse con Cristo no se ha de decir dél que muere con paciencia, sino que vive con paciencia y muere con alegría». Así que el justo no tiene por qué entristecerse ni temer la muerte, antes con mucha razón se dice dél que muere cantando como cisne, dando gloria a Dios por su llamamiento.

Λ No teme la muerte, porque temió a Dios, y quien a este Señor teme no tiene más que temer. No teme la muerte, porque temió la vida, porque los temores de la muerte efectos son de mala vida. No teme la muerte, porque toda la vida gastó en aprender a morir y en aparejarse para morir, y el hombre bien apercibido no tiene por qué temer a su enemigo. No teme la muerte, porque ninguna otra cosa hizo en la vida, sino buscar ayudadores y valedores para esta hora, que son las virtudes y buenas obras. No teme la muerte, porque tiene al Juez granjeado y propicio para este tiempo, con muchos servicios que le ha hecho. Finalmente, no teme la muerte, porque al justo, la muerte no es muerte, sino sueño; no muerte, sino mudanza; no muerte, sino último día de trabajos; no muerte, sino camino para la vida y escalón para la inmortalidad; porque entiende que, después que la muerte pasó por el venero de la Vida, perdió los resabios que tenía de muerte y cobró dulzura de vida.

Ni tampoco desmaya por todos los otros accidentes y compañeros deste paso, porque sabe que estos son dolores de parto con que nace para la eternidad, por cuyo amor tuvo siempre la muerte en deseo y la vida en paciencia. No desmaya con la memoria de los pecados, porque tiene a Cristo por Redentor, a quien siempre agradó; no por rigor del juicio divino, porque le tiene por Abogado; no por la presencia de los demonios, porque le tiene por Capitán; no por el horror de la sepultura, porque

sabe que allí siembra el cuerpo animal, para que después nazca espiritual. Pues, si «al fin se canta la gloria», y «el postrer día —como dice muy bien Séneca— juzga de todos los otros días y da sentencia sobre toda la vida pasada» (porque él es el que justifica o condena todos los pasos della), y tan pacífico y quieto es el fin de los buenos, y tan congojoso y peligroso el de los malos, ¿qué más era menester, que esta sola diferencia, para escupir la mala vida y abrazar la buena? ¿Qué montan todos los placeres, toda prosperidad, todas las riquezas y todos los regalos y señoríos del mundo, si en el fin vengo a ser despeñado en el infierno? ¿Y qué me pueden dañar todas las miserias desta vida, acabado en paz y tranquilidad, y llevando prendas de la gloria advenidera? Sea el malo cuan sabio quisiere en saber vivir. ¿Para qué presta este saber, sino para saber adquirir cosas con que te hagas más soberbio, más vano, más regalado, más poderoso para el mal, más inhábil para el bien, y para que te sea tanto más amarga la muerte, cuanto era más dulce la vida? Si seso hay en la tierra, no hay otro mayor que saber bien ordenar la vida para este fin, pues el principal oficio del sabio es saber ordenar convenientemente los medios para su fin. Por donde, si es sabio médico el que sabe ordenar la medicina para la salud, que es el fin de esa medicina, aquel será perfecta y absolutamente sabio: que supiere ordenar su vida para la muerte, esto es, para la cuenta que se ha de dar en ella, a la cual se debe ordenar toda la vida.

II. Prueba lo dicho por ejemplos

Mas, para mayor declaración y confirmación de lo dicho, y para espiritual recreación del lector, me pareció aquí añadir algunos ejemplos —dignos de memoria— de las muertes gloriosas de algunos santos, tomadas del cuarto libro de los Diálogos de san Gregorio, papa, en los cuales claramente se verá cuán alegre y dichosa sea la muerte de los justos. Y, si en esto me extendiere algo, no se perderá en ello tiempo; porque este santo doctor, de tal manera cuenta estas historias, que de camino va dando mucha doctrina y avisos saludables en ellas.

Muchos otros ejemplos se pudieran traer a este propósito, pero estos bastarán para que se vea cuán quieta, cuán pacífica y alegre, comúnmente, sea la muerte de los buenos. Porque, aunque no a todos se concedan estas señales tan sensibles, pero, como todos sean hijos de Dios, y a la hora de la muerte se acabe el plazo de los trabajos y comience el de la remuneración, siempre son allí esforzados y consolados con el socorro de la divina gracia y con el testimonio de su buena conciencia. Y así se consolaba el bienaventurado san Ambrosio en este paso, diciendo: «No he vivido de tal manera, que me pese por haber vivido; ni temo la muerte, porque tenemos buen Señor». Y a quien estos tan grandes favores parecieren increíbles, ponga los ojos en la inmensidad incomprehensible de la bondad de Dios (a la cual pertenece amar, honrar y favorecer los buenos), y parecerle ha poco todo lo que aquí se ha contado. Porque, si esta bondad llegó a tomar carne humana y morir en una cruz por los hombres, ¿qué mucho es consolar y honrar a la hora de la muerte a los buenos, que por tan caro precio redimió? Y, si acabando de expirar los ha de llevar a su casa, y hacerlos participantes de su gloria, y mostrarles la esencia divina, ¿qué mucho es hacerles estos favores al tiempo de la partida?

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Ps.116.15;Ps.116.15 — Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his faithful ones. Ps.116.15 — Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his faithful ones.
  2. ↩Ps.34.22 — Evil shall slay the wicked, and those who hate the righteous will be held guilty.
  3. ↩Isa.66.24;Mark.9.48 — And they shall go out and see the corpses of the men who rebelled against me, for their worm shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched, and they shall be an abhorrence to all flesh. Mark.9.48 — where their worm does not die and the fire is not quenched.
  4. ↩Prov.11.4 — Riches do not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death.
  5. ↩Prov.11.4 — Riches do not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death.
  6. ↩Prov.14.26-Prov.14.27;Ps.112.1 — In the fear of the LORD there is strong confidence, and he has a refuge for his children. Prov.14.27 — The fear of the LORD is a fountain of life, to turn away from the snares of death. Ps.112.1 — Praise the LORD. Blessed is the one who fears the LORD, who finds great delight in his commands.
  7. ↩John.11.11;1Thess.4.13-1Thess.4.14 — He said these things, and after this he said to them, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but I am going to wake him up." 1Thess.4.13 — But we do not want you to be uninformed, brothers, concerning those who are asleep, so that you may not grieve as do the rest who have no hope. 1Thess.4.14 — For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep through Jesus.
  8. ↩John.11.25;John.14.6 — Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me, even if he dies, will live." John.14.6 — Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.'
  9. ↩1Cor.15.54-1Cor.15.57 — But when this perishable puts on imperishability, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will be fulfilled: 'Death has been swallowed up in victory.' 1Cor.15.55 — Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting? 1Cor.15.56 — The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 1Cor.15.57 — But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
  10. ↩John.16.21;Rom.8.22 — A woman, when she is in labor, has sorrow because her hour has come; but when she has given birth to the child, she no longer remembers the anguish, because of the joy that a human being has been born into the world. Rom.8.22 — For we know that the whole creation has been groaning together and suffering birth pangs until now.
  11. ↩1John.2.1 — My little children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. But if anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the Righteous One.
  12. ↩Heb.2.10 — For it was fitting for him, for whom are all things and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through sufferings.
  13. ↩1Cor.15.44 — It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual one.
  14. ↩Mark.8.36;Matt.16.26 — For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul? Matt.16.26 — For what will it benefit a person if they gain the whole world but forfeit their life? Or what will a person give in exchange for their life?
  15. ↩Rom.14.12;Heb.13.17 — So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God. Heb.13.17 — Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account—so that they may do this with joy and not with groaning; for that would be of no benefit to you.
  16. ↩Ps.116.15 — Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his faithful ones.
  17. ↩Rom.8.14-Rom.8.16;1John.3.1-1John.3.2 — For all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God. Rom.8.15 — For you did not receive a spirit of slavery again to fear, but you received a spirit of adoption, in which we cry, "Abba, Father." Rom.8.16 — The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God. 1John.3.1 — See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are. For this reason the world does not know us: it did not know him. 1John.3.2 — Beloved, now we are children of God, and it has not yet been revealed what we shall be. We know that when he is revealed, we shall be like him, because we shall see him as he is.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩«al fin se canta la gloria» is a Spanish proverb: the true verdict comes only at the finish; rendered for sense rather than as a wooden calque.
  2. 2 ↩«pésima» is glossed in the source itself as superlative evil; «ánima» kept as soul per lexeme policy.
  3. 3 ↩Source sentence ends mid-clause at «el apartamiento de todo lo que»; the complement continues in GuiaPec.1.25.2. Translation preserves the break rather than completing from neighboring context.
  4. 4 ↩Continues the previous sentence's list: separation from everything he loves in a disordered way.
  5. 5 ↩The colon in the Spanish quote marks an old correlative: aquel ... que = 'the one who ... who'; modern English smooths this into a single relative construction.
  6. 6 ↩«la cuenta» rendered as 'the reckoning' (final account before God), not ordinary arithmetic.
  7. 7 ↩«solos los pecados que se hicieron cometiéndolos» taken as the sins committed in the course of those pleasures; the Spanish is slightly elliptical.
  8. 8 ↩«escuridad» is an older spelling of «oscuridad» (darkness/gloom); paired with «tinieblas» as intensifying near-synonyms.
  9. 9 ↩«provanza» = proof/evidence; «ella» refers to conscience (conciencia).
  10. 10 ↩artículo de la cuenta: the critical moment of final accounting before God; rendered as 'hour of reckoning'.
  11. 11 ↩Échalos: object is 'los ojos' from the previous sentence; rendered as looking forward.
  12. 12 ↩Contrast of body (food for worms) and soul (to be placed among the angels); both called 'aquella' / 'aquella sustancia'.
  13. 13 ↩barruntar: to sense, suspect, or get a foreboding of; rendered as 'sense' for natural modern English. presa: prey/catch, for the dying soul as contested spoil.
  14. 14 ↩regalo y convite: regalo = comfort/delight/treat; convite = feast/banquet. Rendered as 'delight and banquet' to keep both the consoling gift and the festive reception of the angels.
  15. 15 ↩desconfianza at the deathbed often means want of trust/hope of salvation, not mere suspicion; rendered 'distrust' to stay close to the source without forcing the technical term 'despair'.
  16. 16 ↩Normalized source has 'ta desastrado'; read as 'tan desastrado' (so disastrous), a clear typographic slip, and translated accordingly.
  17. 17 ↩Archaic lo ál = lo demás, 'everything else / the rest'.
  18. 18 ↩Section ends mid-sentence; the next section continues with 'sola —que es la virtud— librará de la muerte,' completing the proverbial thought.
  19. 19 ↩Surface text begins mid-sentence (sola…). Subject is carried from the previous section’s closing clause (mas la justicia); rendered here as ‘only justice…’ so the English stands alone while keeping the appositive ‘which is virtue.’
  20. 20 ↩"cosa muerta" is rendered as "nothing dead": something corrupt or lifeless in the soul on which the devil could prey.
  21. 21 ↩"paso" here means the same passage/step of death, not a written passage of text.
  22. 22 ↩Spanish desatado ("set free/loosed") echoes the classic desire-to-be-dissolved phrasing of Phil 1:23, here mediated through an Augustinian citation on 1 John.
  23. 23 ↩llamamiento rendered as "calling home" to keep both vocation and God's summons at death; the source may mean simply God's call out of this life.
  24. 24 ↩Spanish «temió la vida» is compressed and parallel to «temió a Dios» in s1: not dread of existence itself, but holy fear about how life is spent. Rendered as «feared how he lived» to keep that force without archaism.
  25. 25 ↩«ayudadores y valedores» are helpers and patrons/advocates; the text identifies them as virtues and good works, not merely human intercessors.
  26. 26 ↩«granjeado y propicio» means the Judge's goodwill has been won and made favorable; not that judgment is abolished, but that the just person meets the Judge as one already well-disposed through a life of service.
  27. 27 ↩«venero» is an older Spanish word for a spring or fountainhead. «la Vida» is capitalized in the source and is read as Life itself (Christ/the source of life). «resabios» are residual aftertaste or taint.
  28. 28 ↩Printed sentence ends mid-clause at 'porque'; the causal completion continues in GuiaPec.1.25.16.s1 (sowing of the animal body so a spiritual one may rise).
  29. 29 ↩Spanish «cuerpo animal» follows the Pauline contrast (1 Cor 15) between the natural/animal body sown and the spiritual body raised; rendered «natural body» for contemporary clarity while keeping the resurrection sense.
  30. 30 ↩«Al fin se canta la gloria» is a proverb meaning that only the ending settles the judgment; kept as a quoted proverbial saying rather than flattened into paraphrase.
  31. 31 ↩«Prendas de la gloria advenidera» means tokens/earnest pledges of coming glory, not mere keepsakes; rendered «pledges» to keep the promissory force.
  32. 32 ↩«Más regalado» means more self-indulgent / pampered in comforts, not merely «gifted»; rendered «softer in luxury» to keep the moral edge.
  33. 33 ↩«señales tan sensibles» rendered as «striking, sensible signs» (outwardly perceptible signs at death), not mere emotional sensitivity.
  34. 34 ↩«en este paso» taken as the passage/step of death (the dying moment under discussion), not a literary 'passage' of text alone.
  35. 35 ↩Old Spanish «parecerle ha» = future «le parecerá» («it will seem to them»).
  36. 36 ↩«¿qué mucho es...?»: rhetorical understatement meaning «is it any great thing / what wonder is it...?», not a request for quantity.

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