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Chapter 17GuiaPec.1.17

Capítulo XV. Del cuarto privilegio de la virtud, que son las consolaciones del Espíritu Santo que se dan a los buenos

The Joy of the Holy Spirit

The author introduces the fourth privilege of virtue: the spiritual joy and consolation that the Holy Spirit bestows upon the faithful.

I could easily include here, as the fourth privilege of virtue (following the interior light of the Holy Spirit that clears the darkness of our understanding), the charity and love of God that kindles our will—especially since the Apostle ranks it first among the fruits of the Holy Spirit.✦ But because we are focusing here more on the favors and privileges granted to virtue than on virtue itself, and since charity is a virtue—and the most excellent one at that—we won't discuss it here. Granted that we could very well put it on this list—not as a virtue, but as a wonderful gift God gives to the virtuous, which in an ineffable way inwardly inflames their will and inclines it to love God above everything that can be loved, and which love, the more perfect it is, is all the sweeter and more delightful; and on that score it could well enter this number, as fruit and reward of the other virtues and of itself. But so I don't seem too eager to praise virtue when there is so much else to say in its favor, I will place in the fourth position the joy and gladness of the Holy Spirit, which is a natural property of that same charity and one of the principal fruits of the same Spirit, as Saint Paul notes.✦ This privilege follows from the previous one, because, as we've already said, the light and knowledge our Lord gives to his own don't stop at the understanding alone, but descend to the will, where they cast their rays and brilliance, and in a wonderful way, delight and gladden the will in God. So, just as material light produces the heat we experience, this spiritual light produces in the soul the spiritual joy we're speaking of, according to the Prophet's words: Light has dawned for the just, and joy for the upright of heart. And although we've treated this subject elsewhere, it's so rich and abundant that there's enough material for many treatises on it, without any of them overlapping. For the purpose of this book, we need to clarify how great this joy is, because knowing this truth will do a great deal to draw people toward virtue. It is well known that just as every kind of evil is found in vice, every kind of good—both in moral worth and usefulness—is found most perfectly in virtue. The only exception is the delight and sweetness that the wicked claim virtue lacks. Because the human heart is so greedy for pleasure and so fond of delights, these people show by their actions that they prefer what delights them, with all its flaws, over what lacks delight, despite all its advantages.1 Lactantius Firmianus puts it this way: “Because virtues are mixed with bitterness and vices are accompanied by pleasures, people—offended by the one and baited by the other—rush headlong after vices and abandon virtue.”2 This is the cause of such great evil. It would be a significant service to people if someone could free them from this deception and clearly prove that the path of virtue is far more delightful than the path of vice. I intend to prove this with clear reasoning, especially through the authorities and testimonies of divine Scripture, because these are the firmest and surest proofs available—for heaven and earth will pass away before these truths fail. So tell me now, you blind and deceived man: If the way of God is as bleak and tasteless as you paint it, what did the prophet David mean when he said: How great, Lord, is the the abundance of your sweetness! which you keep hidden for those who fear you? . In these words, he doesn't just declare how great this sweetness is for the good, but also why the wicked don't know it: God keeps it hidden from their eyes. Again, what did that same prophet mean when he said: My soul will rejoice in the Lord and delight in God, the author of its salvation; and all my bones—that is, all the powers and faculties of my soul—will say: Lord, who is like you?✦34 . What is this, if not to show that the joy of the just is so great that, even though it's received directly in the spirit, it overflows into the flesh—so much so that the flesh, which only knows how to take pleasure in carnal things, comes to take pleasure in spiritual things through the spirit's sharing, and rejoices in the living God?5 And this with such great joy that all the bones of the body, refreshed by this marvelous sweetness, give a person reason to cry out and say: "Lord, who is like you? what delights compare to yours? what joy, what love, what peace, what contentment can any creature offer that compares to what you give?» What else did that prophet mean when he said, "A voice of salvation and joy sounds in the dwellings of the just," if not to clarify that true salvation and true joy aren't found in the houses of sinners, but in the souls of the just?6 And what did he mean when he said, "Let the just rejoice, and be refreshed and feasted in the presence of God, and let them take their delight with joy," if not to point to the spiritual feasts and banquets where God so often wonderfully refreshes the souls of his chosen with a taste of heavenly things? At those banquets, they are given to drink that most sweet wine which the same prophet praises, saying: "Your servants, Lord, will be made drunk with the abundance of the goods of your house, and you will give them to drink from the rushing stream of your delights."7 With what words, then, could he better convey the greatness of these delights than by calling them drunkenness and a rushing torrent—to declare the power they have to seize a person's heart and carry it away into God? And this is exactly what that drunkenness means: just as someone who has drunk a great deal of wine loses the use of their senses and is for a time as good as dead under the influence of the wine, so the person taken with this heavenly wine comes to die to the world and to all its disordered tastes and senses. Again, what did that same prophet mean when he said: "Blessed is the people that knows what jubilation is"?✦ . Others might say: "Blessed is the people that is well supplied and provided with everything, surrounded by strong walls and bastions, and guarded by a fine garrison." But the holy king, who knew a great deal about all of this, says only that the one who is blessed is the one who knows by experience what it is to rejoice and delight in God—not with just any kind of joy, but with that which deserves the name of jubilation, which, as Saint Gregory says, "is a joy of the spirit so great that it can neither be put into words, nor fail to show itself in outward signs and works."8 So blessed is the people that has so grown and advanced in the taste and love of God that it knows by experience what this jubilation is—which neither wise Plato nor eloquent Demosthenes ever managed to know, but only the pure and humble heart where God dwells. So if God himself is the author of this joy and jubilation, what must the joy caused by God be like? For it is certain that just as, generally speaking, God's punishment is in keeping with God himself, so also God's consolation is usually in keeping with him. So if the punishments are so great when he punishes, how great must the consolations be when he consoles? If his hand is so heavy when he raises it to scourge, how gentle will it be when he stretches it out to give gifts? All the more so, since this Lord shows himself far more wonderful in the works of mercy than in those of justice.

The Abundance of Divine Sweetness

Using bridal imagery from the Song of Songs, the author describes the overwhelming, intoxicating nature of divine love and consolation.

Above all this, tell me: What cellar of precious wines is that, where the bride glories that her Bridegroom had brought her and had ordered charity within her?✦ . And what kind of banquet is it, furthermore, to which the same Bridegroom invites us, saying: "Drink, friends, and be drunk, you who are most loved"?✦ . So what drunkenness is this, if not the greatness of this divine sweetness, which so transports and carries away men's hearts that it makes them go about as if beside themselves? For that is when we usually say a man is drunk: when the wine he has drunk is more than his natural heat can digest; and so the wine rises to his head and masters him so completely that he no longer governs himself, but is governed by the wine that is in him. If that’s the case, tell me: what state will a soul be in when it is so overcome by this heavenly wine, when it is so full of God and of His love that it cannot bear such a load of delights, and all its capacity and strength are not enough to endure such great happiness? So it is written of Saint Ephrem that many times he was so powerfully carried away by this wine of heavenly sweetness that, the weakness of his9 ...subject could no longer bear the greatness of these delights, he was compelled to cry out to God, saying: "Lord, withdraw a little from me, for the frailty of my body cannot bear the greatness of your delights."10 O marvelous goodness! O immense sweetness of this sovereign Lord, who communicates himself to his creatures with such an open hand that their hearts aren't strong enough to bear the abundance of such great joys! With this heavenly intoxication, the senses of the soul grow quiet; the soul enjoys a sleep of peace and life, rising above herself to know, love, and taste things beyond the reach of any natural being. From this it follows that, just as water set over a fire, when it grows very hot, almost forgets its own nature—which is heavy and pulls downward—and leaps upward, imitating the lightness and nature of the fire from which it has taken its heat, so a soul inflamed by this heavenly flame rises above herself; and straining to climb in spirit from earth to heaven, from which this flame comes to her, she boils with the most burning desire for God, and so she runs with rapturous impulses to embrace him, and stretches her arms high to see if she can reach the one she loves so much; and since she can neither reach him nor stop desiring him, she faints under the greatness of that unfulfilled desire, and no other comfort is left her but to send deep sighs and heartfelt longings to heaven, saying with the bride in the Song of Songs: Tell my beloved that I am sick with love. The saints say this sickness comes when the fulfillment of such a great and powerful desire is blocked and delayed.11 'But don't lose heart over that,' says a teacher, 'O loving spirit!'12 'For this sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified by it.' But what tongue could describe the greatness of the delights shared between these lovers on that flowery bed of Solomon, crafted from the wood of Lebanon, with its silver columns and golden resting place?13 .14 This is the place of spiritual marriage; it is called a bed because it is a place of rest, love, complete repose, the sleep of life, and heavenly delights. No one can know how great those delights are except the one who has tasted them, as Saint John says in his Apocalypse. And yet there is still no lack of the weightiest conjectures by which we too can catch some glimpse of what this is; for whoever considers the immensity of the Son of God's goodness and love toward human beings — a love that went so far as to suffer such strange kinds of torments and dishonors for them — how will he find strange what we exalt here, since all of this is as nothing in comparison with that? What will he not do out of love for the just, he who went this far for the just and the unjust alike?✦ What gifts will he not give his friends, he who suffered all those pains for friends and enemies alike?15 We have some indication of this in the book of the Song of Songs, where the favors and gifts written of the heavenly Bridegroom toward his bride (who is the Church, and each of the souls that are in grace) are so many, and the words spoken on either side so sweet and loving, that no eloquence and no love of this world can invent greater ones.16 There is also another perspective from the human side—I mean from the just and true friends of God. Because if you look into these people's hearts, you'll find that their greatest desire—and what they are perpetually occupied with—is thinking how they will serve God and how they will make of themselves a thousand delicacies so as to please in some way the One they love so much, the One who has done and does so much for them every day, and who treats them and consoles them with such gentleness.17 So tell me: if a person, who is by nature so disloyal and incapable of anything good on their own, can have this faith and loyalty toward God, what will the One do for them whose goodness, whose charity, and whose loyalty are infinitely greater? If, as the Prophet says, it is proper to God to be holy with the holy and good toward the good, and human goodness reaches this far, how far will God's goodness go?✦ If God decides to compete with the good in goodness, what advantage will He take over them in such a glorious contest? So if, as we said, the just man who burns with love of God wants to make so many dishes of himself to please that same God, what will that same God do to delight and console the just man?18 This can neither be explained nor understood; that is why the prophet Isaiah said that eyes have not seen, nor ears heard, nor has the human heart been able to grasp what God has prepared for those who hope in Him—which is understood not only of the goods of glory, but also of those of grace, as Saint Paul declares. Does it seem to you, then, brother, that this path of virtue is well enough supplied with delights? Do you think all the delights of worldly people could compare with these? What comparison can there be between light and darkness, between Christ and Belial? .19 What comparison can there be between earthly delights and the delights of heaven, delights of the flesh and delights of the spirit, delights of a creature and delights of the Creator? It's clear that the nobler and more excellent things are, the more power they have to produce greater delights. If not, tell me: what else did the Prophet mean when he said, "Better is the little of the just man than the many riches of sinners"; and in another place, "Better is one day in your house, Lord, than a thousand feast days outside it; therefore I preferred to be cast down in the house of my God than to dwell in the proud houses of sinners"?20 .21 Finally, what else did the bride mean in the Song of Songs when she said: "Your breasts, Lord, are better than wine"? And then, a little further on, she says the same thing again: We will rejoice, Lord, and we will delight in you, remembering your breasts, which are sweeter than wine—that is, remembering the most gentle milk of the consolations and favors with which you refresh and nurse your spiritual children at your breasts, which are sweeter than wine. By wine, it is clear she does not mean material wine, any more than the milk of the divine breasts is material; rather, by it she means all the delights of the world—the ones that evil woman of the Apocalypse gives people to drink, the woman who sits upon many waters with a golden cup, with which she intoxicates and disorders the minds of all who dwell in Babylon, so that they do not feel their ruin.2223

Consolation in Prayer

The author explains how the soul encounters these divine consolations specifically during the exercise of prayer and contemplation.

I. How the virtuous especially enjoy these divine consolations in prayer If, as we explore this further, you ask me where the virtuous especially enjoy these consolations we’ve discussed, the Lord answers through the prophet Isaiah: “To the children of foreigners who draw near to the Lord to serve him and love him, and to keep the laws of his friendship, I will bring them to my holy mountain, and I will make them glad in the house of my prayer.” It is especially in this holy exercise that the Lord gladdens his chosen ones, because, as St. Lawrence Justinian says, “in prayer the hearts of the just are kindled with love for their Creator.” There, they sometimes rise above themselves and feel as if they were already among the choirs of angels. In the Creator's presence, they sing and love, groan and praise, weep and rejoice, eat and hunger, drink and thirst. With all the strength of their love, they labor, Lord, to be transformed into you, whom they contemplate by faith, revere with humility, seek with desire, and enjoy with charity.24 Then they know by experience that your words are true: “My joy will be complete in them.” That joy, like a river of peace, spreads through the powers of the soul, enlightening the understanding, gladdening the will, and gathering the memory and all its thoughts into God. Here, with arms of love, they embrace and hold something within themselves; they don't know what it is, yet they long with all their strength to hold on to it so it won't leave them. Just as the patriarch Jacob wrestled with that angel and wouldn't let him go, so the heart wrestles in its own way with that divine sweetness so it won't leave, as with something in which it has found everything it desired. It says with Peter on the mountain: “Lord, it is good for us to stay here, and not leave this place.” Here the soul at once understands all that language of love spoken in the Song of Songs, and she too sings in her own way all those sweetest songs, saying: “His left hand is under my head, and with his right hand he will embrace me.” A little further on she says: “Sustain me with flowers and surround me with apples, for I am sick with love.”25 Then the soul, kindled by this divine flame, longs with a great longing to leave this prison, and her tears are her bread day and night while this departure is delayed. She holds death in desire and life in patience, continually saying those words of the same bride: “O that you were given to me, my brother, who feeds at my mother's breasts—that I might find you out there and give you kisses of peace.” Then, marveling at herself that such treasures had been hidden from her in times past, and seeing that everyone is capable of so great a good, she longs to go out through every square and street, cry out to people, and say: "O fools!✦ O mad ones!26 What are you doing?27 , What are you looking for? Why don't you hurry to enjoy such a great good? Taste and see how sweet the Lord is: blessed is the person who hopes in him.✦✦ Here, once spiritual sweetness has already been tasted, all flesh is tasteless to her, company is a prison to her, solitude she holds as paradise, and her delights are to be with the Lord she loves. Honor is a heavy burden to her, and the management of house and estate she regards as a kind of cross. She would not want heaven or earth to hinder her delights, and for that reason she works so that her heart is not snared by anything at all. She has only one love and one desire: she loves all things in the One, and the One is the Beloved in all things. She knows very well how to say with the Prophet: What do I have to desire in heaven, or what goods do I ask of you, Lord, on earth?✦ My flesh and my heart have failed—God of my heart, and my one and only portion, God forever.✦ It no longer seems to him that his knowledge of sacred things is dim; rather, he sees them with different eyes. Because he feels such movements and changes in his heart that they become for him the strongest arguments and testimonies of the truths of the faith. The day feels wearisome when it dawns with its cares, and he longs for the quiet night so he can spend it with God. He never counts any night too long; on the contrary, the longest seems better to him. And if the night is clear, he lifts his eyes to look at the beauty of the heavens and the brightness of the moon and the stars, and he looks at all these things with different eyes and with very different joys. He looks on them as samples of his Creator's beauty, as mirrors of his glory, as interpreters and messengers that bring him news of him, as living models of his perfections and graces, and as presents and gifts that the Bridegroom sends to his bride to win her love and keep her company until the day when they join hands and that eternal marriage is celebrated in heaven.28 For him, the whole world is a book that always seems to speak of God, a letter his Beloved sends him, and a long record and testimony of His love.29 These, my brother, are the nights of those who love God, and this is the sleep they sleep; for with the sweet, soft sound of the quiet night, and the sweet music and harmony of creatures, the soul nestles within itself and begins to sleep that wakeful sleep of which it is said: I sleep, and my heart keeps watch.✦30 And because the most tender Bridegroom sees her asleep in his arms, he guards that life-giving sleep for her and commands that no one dare wake her, saying: I charge you, daughters of Jerusalem, by the gazelles and by the deer of the fields, do not awaken my beloved until she herself wants to wake.✦ So then, brother, how do these nights seem to you? Which are better—these, or the nights of the children of this age, who at these hours go stalking the chastity of the innocent maiden to destroy her honor and her soul, loaded with iron, with fears and suspicions, putting souls in danger and storing up wrath for the day of their ruin?31 .

Grace for the Beginner

The author reassures those new to the spiritual life that God provides special consolations to beginners to sustain them on their journey.

II. On the consolations of those who are beginning to serve God You might respond to all this with a single point, saying that these great favors we’ve been discussing aren’t given to everyone, but only to the perfect, and that there’s still a long way to go before you become one of them. It's true that goods like these belong to people like that; but our Lord also goes ahead of those who are just beginning with blessings of sweetness, and first gives them sweet milk, as to children, and afterward teaches them to eat bread with a crust.✦32 Don’t you see the feasts that were held when the prodigal son came home—the banquets, the guests, the music that filled the air? . So what is this but a symbol of the spiritual joy that rises within the soul when it finds itself out of Egypt, free from Pharaoh’s captivity and from the devil’s slavery? For how could anyone who finds themselves free like that not celebrate such a great gift? How could he not invite every creature to help him give thanks to his Deliverer, saying: Let us sing to the Lord, for He has triumphed so gloriously; horse and rider He has thrown into the sea?33 . And if this were not so, where would God's providence be—the providence that provides for each creature most perfectly according to its nature, its weakness, its age, and its capacity?34 It's certain that people who are still fleshly and worldly couldn't walk this new path and put the world under their feet if the Lord didn't provide them with favors like these. For this reason, it belongs to his divine providence—since he has determined to draw them out of the world—to make this path so level for them that they can walk it easily, without its difficulties making them turn back.35 The clearest picture of this is the path by which God led the children of Israel to the promised land, about which he writes:36 Moses writes these words: When the Lord brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt, he would not lead them through the land of the Philistines, where the journey was shorter, so that they would not change their minds halfway and turn back to Egypt when they saw the wars that rose against them along that way.37 In the same way, the Lord who used this providence to lead His people to the promised land after bringing them out of Egypt, now uses a similar providence to lead those He draws out of the world toward heaven. First I want you to know that, although the favors and consolations of the perfect are very high, our Lord's compassion toward the little ones is so great that, seeing their poverty, he himself helps them set up house again. And seeing that they are still among occasions of sin, and that they still have their passions to mortify, in order to win victory over them, and to strip them of their flesh, and to banish them from the milk of the world, and to bind them tightly to himself with such strong bonds of love that they will not leave his house—for all these reasons he supplies them with so powerful a consolation and joy that, though they are beginners, it has a likeness, in its own measure, to the joy of the perfect.✦38 If not, tell me: what else did God mean to signify in those feasts of his in the Old Testament, when he said that the first day and the last should have equal veneration and solemnity? .39 The other six days in the middle were like ordinary weekdays, but these two extremes were set apart and honored above all the others. So what is this, if not an image and figure of what we are talking about? On the first day, God wants a feast kept just as on the last, to make it clear that at the beginning of conversion and at the end of perfection, our Lord makes a great feast for all his servants. He considers the merit of some and the need of others, dealing with some by justice and with others by his grace, giving some what they deserve through their virtue, and others more than they deserve, because of their need. When trees blossom and fruit ripens, they are most beautiful to look at. The day of betrothal and the wedding day are both marked as feast days. At the beginning, our Lord betroths himself to the soul, and since he takes her with nothing but the shirt on her back, he throws the feast at his own expense; the feast is not based on the bride's merits, but on the riches of the Bridegroom, who provides everything from his own house. And so he says: Our sister is little and has no breasts, and therefore she must raise her child with another's milk.40 For this reason, the bride herself says to her Bridegroom: The young maidens loved you greatly. She doesn't say "the maidens"—who are the souls already more established in virtue—but those of a more tender age, the ones just beginning to open their eyes to that new light. Those, she says, loved you greatly, because such souls often feel great movements of love at the start, as Saint Thomas explains in a short treatise.41 He says the cause of this, among others, is the newness of the state, of the love, and of the light and knowledge of divine things they now know, which until then they did not; for the newness of this knowledge stirs in them a great wonder, joined with a great sweetness and gratitude toward the one who did them so much good and drew them out of such darkness. We see that when a man first enters a great and famous city or a royal palace, for the first few days he goes about as if dazed, held in wonder by the novelty and beauty of what he sees; but after he has seen those things many times, the wonder and delight with which he first looked at them fade. Well then, much the same thing happens, in its own way, to those who enter this new region of grace, because of the novelty of the things that are opened up to them there. So it's no wonder that new devotees sometimes feel greater fervors in their souls than those longer practiced, because the novelty of the light and the felt sense of divine things causes a greater upheaval in them. And from this comes what Saint Bernard so well observed: that the older brother of the prodigal son was not lying when he complained of his good father, saying that though he had served him so many years without breaking his commandments, he had not received such great favors as the wasteful son received when he returned home.✦ New love also boils, like new wine, at the start; the pot boils over as soon as it feels the flame and begins to experience the strange, new heat of the fire. Later on, the heat is stronger and more settled, but at the beginning, it's more fervent.✦42 The Lord gives a very warm welcome to those who enter his house anew. In the beginning, they eat for free, and everything is made easy for them.43 The Lord deals with them like a merchant who gives away a free sample of the goods he wants to sell, even though he sells the rest at their fair price.44 The love we have for little children, though it is no greater than the love we have for those already grown, is still more tender and doting.45 These they carry in their arms; the others walk on their own feet; as for those46 They put the others to work; for these little ones they deliberately take the work away. And without their seeking food, often they coax them with it, and even put it into their mouths. So from this kind care of the Lord and from these well-known favors there springs up, in those who are just beginning, that spiritual joy the Prophet meant when he said: With the drops of rainwater that fall from on high, the new plant that is starting to flower will rejoice. So what is this plant, and what are these drops of water, if not the dew of divine grace with which spiritual plants, newly transplanted from the world into the Lord's garden, are watered? Of these plants, then, the prophet says they will rejoice with the drops of this water that fall from on high, to signify the great joy that such people receive with the firstfruits of this new visitation and heavenly gift. And don't think that because these favors are called drops, their power is as small as their name. For, as Saint Augustine says, "Whoever drinks from the river of paradise—of which a single drop is greater than the whole ocean—it is certain that this drop alone will be enough to quench in him all the thirst of the world."47

The Call to Choose Virtue

The author concludes with an urgent exhortation to purge the soul of vice and embrace the present joy of virtue before it is too late.

It’s no argument against this to say that you don’t feel these consolations and joys, even when you think about God. For if, when the palate is corrupted by bad humors, it doesn't judge flavors well—because what is bitter seems sweet to it, and what is sweet seems bitter—what wonder is it that, with your soul corrupted by so many bad humors of vices and disordered affections, and so used to the rotten pots of Egypt, you should have a distaste for the manna of heaven and the bread of the angels?✦48 Purge that palate of yours with the tears of penance, and once it is purged and clean, it will be able to taste and see how sweet the Lord is.✦ So, that being the case, tell me now, brother: what goods are there in the world that aren't trash compared with these?✦ The saints describe two kinds of blessedness: one that is begun, and one that is complete.49 The blessed enjoy the complete one in glory, while the just enjoy the one that is begun in this life. So what more could you want than to begin being blessed this very moment, and to receive even now the pledge of that divine marriage—which is celebrated there with words of present consent, but is only begun here with words of the future?50 "O man! —says Richard—since you can live in this paradise and enjoy this treasure, go and sell everything you have to buy this most precious possession; it won't be costly to you, because the merchant is Christ, who gives it almost for free.✦51 Don't put it off till later, because a single moment you lose now is worth more than all the treasures of the world." And even if it were given to you later, know for certain that you would have to live with great sorrow over what you lose, and weep always with Saint Augustine, saying: "Too late have I loved you, Beauty so ancient and so new! Late have I loved you! . This saint always wept over how late his return had been, though he was not stripped of the crown.✦52 Look out, you — don't end up weeping over it all, if on the one hand you lose the goods of glory that the saints enjoy in the life to come, and on the other, the goods of grace that the just enjoy in the present life.53

Read the original Spanish

Bien pudiera yo poner aquí ahora, por cuarto privilegio de la virtud (después de la lumbre interior del Espíritu Santo, con que se esclarecen las tinieblas de nuestro entendimiento), la caridad y amor de Dios, con que se enciende nuestra voluntad; mayormente, pues a ella pone el Apóstol por el primero de los frutos del Espíritu Santo. Mas, porque aquí más tratamos de los favores y privilegios que se dan a la virtud, que de la misma virtud, y la caridad es virtud, y la más excelente de las virtudes, por eso no trataremos aquí della. Puesto caso que la pudiéramos muy bien poner en esta lista, no en cuanto virtud, sino en cuanto un maravilloso don que da Dios a los virtuosos; el cual, por una manera inefable, interiormente inflama su voluntad y la inclina a amar a Dios sobre todo cuanto se puede amar, el cual amor, cuanto es más perfecto, tanto es más dulce y más deleitable; y por esta parte bien pudiera entrar en este número, como fruto y premio de las otras virtudes y de sí misma. Mas, por no parecer ambicioso alabador de la virtud, donde tantas otras cosas hay que decir en su favor, pondré en el cuarto lugar la alegría y gozo del Espíritu Santo, que es propiedad natural de esa misma caridad, y uno de los principales frutos del mismo Espíritu, como lo refiere san Pablo.

Este privilegio se deriva del pasado, porque, como ya dijimos, aquella luz y conocimiento que da nuestro Señor a los suyos no para en solo el entendimiento, sino desciende a la voluntad, donde echa sus rayos y resplandores, con los cuales la regala y alegra, por una manera maravillosa, en Dios. De suerte que, así como la luz material produce de sí este calor que experimentamos, así esta luz espiritual produce en el ánima esta alegría espiritual de que hablamos, según aquello del Profeta, que dice: Amaneció la luz al justo, y a los derechos de corazón la alegría. Y, aunque desta materia tratamos en otro lugar, pero ella es tan rica y tan copiosa, que hay para hacer muchos tratados della, sin encontrarse uno con otro

Conviénenos, pues, ahora, para el intento de este libro, declarar qué tan grande sea esta alegría, porque el conocimiento desta verdad hará mucho al caso para aficionar los hombres a la virtud. Porque cosa sabida es que, así como todas las maneras de males que hay se hallan en el vicio, así también todas las maneras de bienes (así de honestidad como de utilidad) se hallan perfectísimamente en la virtud; sino es deleite y suavidad, de que los malos dicen que carece; por lo cual, como el corazón humano sea tan goloso y amigo de deleites, dicen los tales, a lo menos por la obra, que más quieren lo que les deleita, con todas esas quiebras, que lo que carece de deleite, con todas sus ventajas. Esto dice Lactancio Firmiano por estas palabras: «Porque las virtudes están mezcladas con amargura y los vicios acompañados de deleites, ofendidos los hombres con lo uno y cebados con lo otro, se van de boca en pos de los vicios, y desamparan la virtud». Esta es, pues, la causa deste tan grande mal; por lo cual no haría pequeño beneficio a los hombres quien los sacase deste engaño y evidentemente les probase ser muy más deleitable el camino de la virtud, que el de los vicios. Pues esto es lo que ahora entiendo probar por evidentes razones, y, señaladamente, por autoridades y testimonios de la Escritura divina, porque estas son las más firmes y ciertas probanzas que hay en todas estas materias, pues antes faltará el cielo y la tierra, que faltar estas verdades.

Pues dime ahora, hombre ciego y engañado: Si el camino de Dios es tan triste y tan desabrido como tú lo pintas, ¿qué quiso significar el profeta David cuando dijo: ¡Cuán grande es, Señor, la

muchedumbre de tu dulzura! , la cual tienes escondida para los que te temen? . En las cuales palabras, no sólo declara cuán grande sea esta dulzura que se da a los buenos, sino también la causa de no conocerla los malos, que es tenerla Dios escondida a sus ojos. Ítem, ¿qué quiso significar el mismo profeta cuando dijo: Mi ánima se alegrará en el Señor y se gozará en Dios, autor de su salud; y todos mis huesos —esto es, todas las fuerzas y potencias de mi ánima— dirán: Señor, quién es como tú? . Pues ¿qué es esto, sino dar a entender que la alegría del justo es tan grande, que, aunque ella derechamente se reciba en el espíritu, viene a redundar en la carne, de tal manera que la carne, que no sabe deleitarse sino en cosas carnales, viene por la comunicación del espíritu a deleitarse en las espirituales y alegrarse en Dios vivo? ; y esto, con tan grande alegría, que todos los huesos del cuerpo, recreados con esta maravillosa suavidad, dan al hombre motivo para dar voces y decir: «Señor, ¿quién es como vos?

, ¿qué deleites hay como los vuestros? , ¿qué alegría, qué amor, qué paz, qué contentamiento puede dar ninguna criatura, como el que dais vos?»

¿Qué quiso otrosí significar el mismo profeta, cuando dijo: Voz de salud y alegría suena en las moradas de los justos, sino dar a entender que la verdadera salud y verdadera alegría no se halla en las casas de los pecadores, sino en las ánimas de los justos? ¿Qué quiso también significar, cuando dijo: Alégrense los justos, y sean recreados y banqueteados en presencia de Dios, y gócense con alegría, sino dar a entender las fiestas y los banquetes espirituales con que Dios muchas veces maravillosamente recrea las ánimas de sus escogidos con el gusto de las cosas celestiales? En los cuales banquetes se da a beber aquel vino suavísimo que el mismo profeta alaba diciendo: Serán, Señor, vuestros siervos embriagados con la abundancia de los bienes de vuestra casa, y darles heis a beber del arroyo impetuoso de vuestros deleites. ¿Con qué palabras, pues, pudiera mejor significar la grandeza destos deleites, que llamándoles embriaguez y arroyo arrebatado, para declarar la fuerza que tienen para arrebatar el corazón del hombre y transportarlo en Dios? Y esto mismo significa la embriaguez, porque, así como el hombre que ha bebido mucho vino pierde el uso de los sentidos y está por entonces como muerto con la fuerza del vino, así el hombre que está tomado deste vino celestial viene a morir al mundo y a todos los gustos y sentidos desordenados de las cosas dél.

Ítem, ¿qué quiso significar el mismo profeta, cuando dijo: Bienaventurado el pueblo que sabe qué cosa es jubilación? . Otros, por ventura, dijeran: «Bienaventurado el pueblo que es abastado y proveído de todas las cosas, y cercado de buenos muros y baluartes, y guardado con muy buena gente de guarnición». Mas el santo rey, que de todo esto sabía mucho, no dice sino que aquel es bienaventurado: que sabe por experiencia qué cosa sea alegrarse y gozarse en Dios; no con cualquier manera de gozo, sino con aquel que merece nombre de jubilación, el cual, como dice san Gregorio, «es un gozo del espíritu tan grande, que ni se puede explicar con palabras, ni se deja de manifestar con muestras y obras exteriores». Pues bienaventurado el pueblo que así ha crecido y aprovechado en el gusto y amor de Dios, que sabe por experiencia qué cosa sea esta jubilación; la cual no alcanzó a saber ni el sabio Platón, ni Demóstenes el elocuente, sino el corazón puro y humilde, donde mora Dios. Pues, si el mismo Dios es el autor deste gozo y jubilación, ¿qué tal será el gozo causado por Dios? Porque cierto es que, así como, generalmente hablando, el castigo de Dios es conforme al mismo Dios, así también el consuelo de Dios suele ser conforme a él. Pues, si tan grandes son los castigos cuando castiga, ¿qué tan grandes serán los consuelos cuando consuela?

Si tan pesada tiene la mano cuando la carga para azotar, ¿qué tan blanda la tendrá cuando la extiende para regalar? Mayormente, mostrándose este Señor muy más admirable en las obras de misericordia, que en las de justicia.

Sobre todo esto, dime: ¿Qué bodega es aquella de vinos preciosos, donde la esposa se gloría que la había llevado su Esposo y ordenado en ella la caridad? . ¿Y qué linaje otrosí de convite es aquel a que nos convida el mismo Esposo, diciendo: Bebed amigos, y embriagaos los muy amados? . Pues ¿qué embriaguez es esta, sino la grandeza deste divino dulzor, el cual de tal manera transporta y enajena los corazones de los hombres, que los hace andar como fuera de sí? Porque entonces solemos decir que está un hombre embriagado: cuando es más el vino que ha bebido, del que puede digerir su calor natural; por donde viene el vino a subirse a la cabeza y enseñorearse de tal manera dél, que ya no se rige por sí mismo, sino por el vino que está en él. Pues, si esto es así, dime: ¿Qué tal estará un ánima cuando esté tan tomada deste vino celestial, cuando esté tan llena de Dios y de su amor, que no pueda ella con tan grande carga de deleites, ni baste toda su capacidad y virtud para sufrir tan grande felicidad? Así, se escribe del santo Efrén que muchas veces era tan poderosamente arrebatado deste vino de la suavidad celestial, que, no pudiendo ya la flaqueza del

sujeto sufrir la grandeza destos deleites, era compelido a clamar a Dios, diciendo: «Señor, apartaos un poco de mí, porque no puede la flaqueza de mi cuerpo sufrir la grandeza de vuestros deleites». ¡Oh maravillosa bondad! , ¡oh inmensa suavidad deste soberano Señor, que con tan larga mano se comunica a sus criaturas, que no baste la fortaleza de su corazón para sufrir la abundancia de tan grandes alegrías!

Pues con esta celestial embriaguez se adormecen los sentidos del ánima, con esta goza de un sueño de paz y de vida, con esta se levanta sobre sí misma, y conoce, y ama, y gusta sobre todo lo que alcanza el ser natural. De donde, así como el agua que está sobre el fuego, cuando está muy caliente, casi olvidada de su propia naturaleza, que es pesada y tira para abajo, da saltos hacia arriba, imitando la ligereza y naturaleza del fuego de que está tomada, así la tal ánima inflamada desta llama celestial se levanta sobre sí misma, y, esforzándose por subir con el espíritu de la tierra al cielo, de donde le viene esta llama, hierve con deseo encendidísimo de Dios, y así corre con arrebatados ímpetus por abrazarse con él, y tiende los brazos en alto por ver si podrá alcanzar aquel que tanto ama; y como ni puede alcanzarlo, ni dejar de desearlo, desfallece con la grandeza del deseo no cumplido, y no le queda otro consuelo, sino enviar suspiros y deseos entrañables al cielo, diciendo con la esposa en los Cantares: Haced saber a mi amado que estoy enferma de amor. La cual manera de enfermedad dicen los santos que procede de impedírsele y dilatársele el cumplimiento deste tan grande y tan poderoso deseo. «Pero no desmayes por eso —dice un doctor—, ¡oh amoroso espíritu! , porque esta enfermedad no es de muerte, sino para gloria de Dios, y para que el Hijo de Dios sea glorificado por ella». Mas ¿qué lengua podrá declarar la grandeza de los deleites que pasan entre estos amados en aquel florido lecho de Salomón, labrado de madera de Líbano, con sus colunas de plata y reclinatorio de oro? . Este es el lugar de los desposorios espirituales, el cual por eso se llama lecho, porque es lugar de descanso, y de amor, y de cumplido reposo, y de sueño de vida, y de celestiales deleites; los cuales, qué tan grandes sean, no lo puede saber nadie, sino aquel que los ha probado, como san Juan dice en su Apocalipsis.

Mas todavía no faltan gravísimas conjeturas por donde nosotros también podamos barruntar algo de lo que esto es, porque quien considerare la inmensidad de la bondad y caridad del Hijo de Dios para con los hombres, la cual llegó a padecer tan extrañas maneras de tormentos y deshonras por ellos, ¿cómo extrañará lo que aquí encarecemos, pues todo esto es como nada en comparación de aquello? ¿Qué no hará por amor de los justos quien hasta aquí llegó por justos e injustos? ¿Qué regalos no hará a los amigos quien todos aquellos dolores padeció por amigos y enemigos? Algún indicio tenemos desto en el libro de los Cantares, donde son tantos los favores y regalos que se escriben del Esposo celestial para con su esposa (que es la Iglesia, y cada una de la ánimas que están en gracia), y tan dulces y amorosas palabras las que se dicen de parte a parte, que ninguna elocuencia ni amor del mundo las podrá fingir mayores.

Otra conjetura también hay de parte de los hombres; digo, de los justos y amigos verdaderos de Dios. Porque, si miras al corazón de estos, hallarás que el mayor deseo que tienen, y en lo que andan ocupados perpetuamente, es pensando cómo servirán a Dios y cómo harán de sí mil manjares para agradar en algo a quien tanto aman, y a quien tanto hizo y hace cada día por ellos, y con tanta blandura los trata y los consuela. Pues dime ahora: Si el hombre, siendo por sí una criatura tan desleal, y tan poco de sí para todo lo bueno, llega a tener esta fe y lealtad con Dios, ¿qué hará para con él aquel cuya bondad, cuya caridad, cuya lealtad es infinitamente mayor? Si, como dice el Profeta, es propio de Dios ser santo con el santo y bueno para con el bueno, y la bondad del hombre llega hasta aquí, ¿adónde llegará la de Dios? Si Dios se pone a competir con los buenos en bondad, ¿qué ventaja les hará en esta competencia tan gloriosa? Pues, si, como dijimos, tantos potajes desea hacer de sí el varón justo que arde en amor de Dios, para agradar al mismo Dios, ¿qué hará el mismo Dios para regalar y consolar al justo? Esto, ni se puede explicar, ni se puede entender; porque por esto dijo el profeta Isaías que ni ojos vieron, ni oídos oyeron, ni en corazón humano pudo caber lo que Dios tiene aparejado para los que esperaban en él; lo cual no sólo se entiende de los bienes de gloria, sino también de los de gracia, como declara san Pablo.

¿Parécete, pues, hermano, que está este camino de la virtud bastantemente proveído de deleites? ¿Parécete que podrán todos los deleites de los hombres mundanos compararse con estos? ¿Qué comparación puede haber entre la luz y las tinieblas, entre Cristo y Belial? . ¿Qué comparación puede haber entre deleites de tierra y deleites del cielo, deleites de carne y deleites de espíritu, deleites de criatura y deleites de Criador? Porque claro está que, cuanto las cosas son más nobles y más excelentes, tanto son más poderosas para causar mayores deleites. Si no, dime: ¿Qué otra cosa quiso significar el Profeta cuando dijo: Más vale el poquito del justo, que las muchas riquezas de los pecadores; y en otro lugar: Más vale, Señor, un día en vuestra casa, que mil días de fiesta fuera della, por lo cual quise yo más estar abatido en la casa de mi Dios, que morar en las casas soberbias de los pecadores? .

Finalmente, ¿qué otra cosa quiso significar la esposa en los Cantares, cuando dijo: Más valen, Señor, tus pechos, que el vino? ; y luego, más abajo, repite lo mismo, diciendo: Gozarnos hemos, Señor, y alegrarnos hemos en ti, acordándonos de tus pechos, los cuales son más dulces que el vino; esto es, acordándonos de la leche suavísima de las consolaciones y regalos con que recreas y crías a tus pechos tus espirituales hijos, los cuales son más suaves que el vino; por el cual, claro está que no entiende este vino material, como ni la leche de los pechos divinos tampoco lo es, sino por él entiende todos los deleites del mundo; los cuales da a beber aquella mala mujer del Apocalipsis, que está asentada sobre las muchas aguas, con una copa de oro, con que emborracha y trastorna el seso de todos los moradores de Babilonia, para que no sientan su perdición.

I. De cómo en la oración, señaladamente, gozan los virtuosos destas consolaciones divinas

Y, si, prosiguiendo más adelante esta materia, me preguntares dónde señaladamente gozan los virtuosos de estas consolaciones que habemos dicho, a esto responde el Señor por el profeta Isaías: A los hijos de los extranjeros que se llegan al Señor para servirle y amarle, y guardar las leyes de su amistad, yo los llevaré a mi monte santo, y alegrarlos he en la casa de mi oración. De manera que en este santo ejercicio señaladamente alegra el Señor a sus escogidos, porque, como dice san Lorenzo Justiniano, «en la oración se enciende el corazón de los justos en el amor de su Criador»; y allí a veces se levantan sobre sí mismos y paréceles que están ya entre los coros de los ángeles, y allí en presencia del Criador cantan y aman, gimen y alaban, lloran y gózanse, comen y han hambre, beben y han sed, y con todas las fuerzas de su amor trabajan, Señor, por transformarse en vos, a quien contemplan con la fe, acatan con la humildad, buscan con el deseo y gozan con la caridad. Entonces conocen por experiencia ser verdad lo que dijistes: Mi gozo será cumplido en ellos; el cual, como un río de paz, se extiende por las potencias del ánima, esclareciendo el entendimiento, alegrando la voluntad y recogiendo la memoria y todos sus pensamientos en Dios. Y aquí, con unos brazos de amor abrazan, y tienen una cosa dentro de sí y no saben qué es, mas desean con todas sus fuerzas tenerla, que no se les vaya. Y, así como el patriarca Jacob luchaba con aquel Ángel, y no le quería soltar de las manos, así acá lucha en su manera el corazón con aquel divino dulzor, porque no se le vaya, como cosa en que halló todo lo que deseaba; y así dice con Pedro en el monte: Señor, bueno es que nos estemos aquí, y no nos vamos deste lugar. Aquí luego entiende el ánima todo aquel lenguaje de amor que se habla en los Cantares, y canta ella también en su manera todas aquellas suavísimas canciones, diciendo: Su mano siniestra tiene debajo de mi cabeza, y con la diestra me abrazará; y luego, más abajo, dice: Sostenedme con flores y cercadme de manzanas, que estoy enferma de amor. Entonces el ánima, encendida con esta divina llama, desea con gran deseo salir desta cárcel, y sus lágrimas le son pan de día y de noche, mientras se le dilata esta partida. La muerte tiene en deseo, y la vida, en paciencia, diciendo a la continua aquellas palabras de la misma esposa: ¡Quién te me diese, hermano mío, que te mantienes de los pechos de mi madre, que te hallase yo allá fuera y te diese besos de paz.

Entonces, maravillándose de sí misma cómo tales tesoros le estaban escondidos en los tiempos pasados, y viendo que todos los hombres son capaces de tan grande bien, desea salir por todas las plazas y calles, y dar voces a los hombres y decir: «¡Oh locos! , ¡oh desvariados! , ¿en qué andáis? ,

¿qué buscáis? , ¿cómo no os dais priesa por gozar de tan grande bien? Gustad y ved cuán suave es el Señor: Bienaventurado el varón que espera en él». Aquí, gustada ya la dulcedumbre espiritual, toda carne le es desabrida, la compañía le es cárcel, la soledad tiene por paraíso, y sus deleites son estar con el Señor que ama. La honra le es carga pesada, y la gobernación de la casa y hacienda tiene por un linaje de cruz. No querría que el cielo ni la tierra le estorbasen sus deleites, y por esto trabaja que no se le trabe el corazón de cosa alguna. No tiene más de un amor y un deseo: todas las cosas ama en uno, y uno es el amado en todas las cosas. Sabe muy bien decir con el Profeta: ¿Qué tengo yo que querer en el cielo, ni qué bienes te pido yo, Señor, en la tierra?

Desfallecido ha mi carne y mi corazón, Dios de mi corazón; y mi única y sola parte, Dios para siempre.

No le parece que tiene ya tan escuro conocimiento de las cosas sagradas, sino que las ve con otros ojos. Porque tales movimientos y mudanzas siente en su corazón, que le son grandísimos argumentos y testimonios de las verdades de la fe. El día le es enojoso cuando amanece con sus cuidados, y desea la noche quieta para gastarla con Dios. Ninguna noche tiene por larga, antes la más larga le parece mejor. Y, si la noche fuere serena, alza los ojos a mirar la hermosura de los cielos y el resplandor de la luna y de las estrellas, y mira todas estas cosas con otros diferentes ojos y con otros muy diferentes gozos. Míralas como a unas muestras de la hermosura de su Criador, como a unos espejos de su gloria, como a unos intérpretes y mensajeros que le traen nuevas dél, como a unos dechados vivos de sus perfecciones y gracias, y como a unos presentes y dones que el Esposo envía a su esposa para enamorarla y entretenerla hasta el día que se hayan de tomar las manos y celebrarse aquel eterno casamiento en el cielo. Todo el mundo le es un libro que le parece que siempre habla de Dios, y una carta mensajera que su amado le envía, y un largo proceso y testimonio de su amor. Estas son, hermano mío, las noches de los amadores de Dios, y este es el sueño que duermen; pues, con el dulce y blando ruido de la noche sosegada, con la dulce música y armonía de las criaturas, arróllase dentro de sí el ánima y comienza a dormir aquel sueño velador, de quien se dice: Yo duermo, y vela mi corazón.

Y como el Esposo dulcísimo la ve en sus brazos adormecida, guárdale aquel sueño de vida, y manda que nadie sea osado a la despertar, diciendo: Conjúroos, hijas de Jerusalén, por los gamos y por los ciervos de los campos, que no despertéis a mi amada, hasta que ella quiera despertar.

Pues ¿qué tales te parecen estas noches, hermano? ¿Cuáles son mejores, estas o las de los hijos deste siglo, que andan a estas horas acechando a la castidad de la inocente doncella para destruir su honra y su alma, cargados de hierro, de temores y sospechas, trayendo las ánimas en peligro y atesorando ira para el día de su perdición? .

II. De las consolaciones de los que comienzan a servir a Dios

Posible sería que a todo esto me respondieses con una sola cosa, diciendo que «estos favores tan grandes de que habemos hablado no se conceden a todos, sino solamente a los perfectos; y que hay mucho camino que andar hasta serlo». Verdad es que para los tales son tales bienes; mas también previene nuestro Señor con bendiciones de dulcedumbre a los que comienzan, y les da primero leche dulce, como a niños, y después les enseña a comer pan con corteza. ¿No miras las fiestas que se hicieron en la venida del hijo pródigo, los convites, los convidados, la música que sonaba por todas partes? . Pues ¿qué es esto, sino figura de la alegría espiritual que pasa dentro del ánima cuando se ve salida de Egipto y libre del cautiverio de Faraón y de la servidumbre del demonio? Porque ¿cómo el que así se ve libre no hará fiesta por tan grande beneficio? , ¿cómo no convidará a todas las criaturas, para que le ayuden a dar gracias a su libertador por él, diciendo: Cantemos al Señor, que tan gloriosamente ha triunfado, pues al caballo y al caballero arrojó en la mar? .

Y, si esto no fuese así, ¿dónde estaría la providencia de Dios, que a cada criatura provee perfectísima-mente según su naturaleza, su flaqueza, su edad y su capacidad? Pues cierto es que no podrían los hombres aún carnales y mundanos andar por este nuevo camino y poner debajo de los pies al mundo, si el Señor no los proveyese de semejantes favores. Y, por esto, a su divina providencia pertenece —ya que se determina sacarlos del mundo— hacerles este camino tan llano, que puedan fácilmente caminar por él, sin que las dificultades dél los hagan volver atrás. De esto es evidentísima figura aquel camino por donde Dios llevó a los hijos de Israel a la tierra de promisión, del cual escribe

Moisés estas palabras: Cuando sacó el Señor a los hijos de Israel de la tierra de Egipto, no los quiso llevar por la tierra de los filisteos, por donde era más corta la jornada, porque no se arrepintiesen a medio camino y se volviesen a Egipto, viendo las guerras que por aquella parte se les levantaban. Pues este mismo Señor, que entonces usó desta providencia para llevar a su pueblo a la tierra de promisión, cuando los sacó de Egipto, ese mismo usa ahora de otra semejante a esta para llevar al cielo a los que él quiere llevar, cuando los saca del mundo.

Antes quiero que sepas que, aunque los favores y consolaciones de los perfectos sean muy altas, pero es tan grande la piedad de nuestro Señor para con los pequeñuelos, que, mirando su pobreza, él mismo les ayuda a poner casa de nuevo. Y, viendo que se están todavía entre las ocasiones de pecar, y que tienen aún sus pasiones por mortificar, para alcanzar vitoria dellas y para descarnarlos de su carne, y desterrarlos de la leche del mundo, y apretarlos consigo con tan fuertes vínculos de amor, que no se le vayan de casa, por todas estas causas los provee de una tan poderosa consolación y alegría, que, aunque ellos sean principiantes, tiene semejanza en su proporción con la alegría de los perfectos. Si no, dime: ¿Qué otra cosa quiso Dios significar en aquellas sus fiestas del Testamento Viejo, cuando decía que el primer día y el postrero fuesen de igual veneración y solemnidad? . Los otros seis días de en medio eran como de entre semana, mas estos dos extremos eran señalados y aventajados entre todos los otros. Pues ¿qué es esto, sino imagen y figura de lo que hablamos? En el primer día quiere Dios que se haga fiesta como en el postrero, para dar a entender que en el principio de la conversión y en el fin de la perfección hace nuestro Señor grande fiesta a todos sus siervos, considerando en los unos el merecimiento, y en los otros la necesidad, y usando con los unos de justicia, y con los otros de su gracia, dando a unos lo que merecen por su virtud, y a otros más de lo que merecen, por su necesidad.

Cuando los árboles florecen, y cuando madura la fruta, están más hermosos de mirar. El día del desposorio y también del casamiento son días de fiesta señalados. En los principios, se desposa nuestro Señor con el ánima, y como la toma en camisa, él hace la fiesta a su costa, y así la fiesta es, no conforme a los merecimientos de la esposa, sino conforme a la riqueza del Esposo, que lo pone todo de su casa; y así dice él: Nuestra hermana es pequeña y no tiene pechos, y, según esto, con leche ajena ha de criar su criatura. Por esto dice la misma esposa, hablando con su Esposo: Las doncellicas te amaron mucho. No dice las doncellas, que son las ánimas ya más fundadas en la virtud, sino las de más tierna edad, que son las que comienzan a abrir los ojos a aquella nueva luz; esas —dice ella— te amaron mucho; porque las tales suelen tener en su comienzo grandes movimientos de amor, como santo Tomás lo declara en un opúsculo. Y la causa de esto, entre otras, dice él que es la novedad del estado, del amor, de la luz y conocimiento de las cosas divinas que de presente conocen, que hasta allí no conocían; porque la novedad deste conocimiento causa en ellas una grande admiración, acompañada con una grande suavidad y agradecimiento de quien tanto bien les hizo y que de tales tinieblas las sacó. Vemos que, cuando un hombre entra de nuevo en una grande y famosa ciudad, o en un palacio real, los primeros días anda como abobado y suspenso con la novedad y hermosura de las cosas que ve; mas, después que ya las ha visto muchas veces, descrece aquella admiración y gusto con que al principio las miraba. Pues lo mismo acaece, en su manera, a los que entran en esta nueva región de la gracia, por la novedad de las cosas que se les descubren en ella.

Por lo cual no es maravilla que algunas veces los nuevos devotos sientan mayores fervores en sus ánimas, que los más antiguos, porque la novedad de la luz y sentimiento de las cosas divinas causa en ellos mayor alteración. Y de aquí viene lo que muy bien notó san Bernardo: que no mintió el hermano mayor del hijo pródigo cuando se querelló de su buen padre, diciendo que, habiéndole él servido tantos años sin traspasar sus mandamientos, no había recibido tan grandes favores como los que el hijo desperdiciado recibió cuando se tornó a su casa. Hierve también el amor nuevo, como el vino nuevo, en los principios; y la olla da por cima, luego como siente la llama y comienza a experimentar el extraño y nuevo calor del fuego; adelante es el calor más fuerte y más sosegado, pero a los principios, más fervoroso.

Muy buen recibimiento hace el Señor a los que de nuevo entran en su casa. Los primeros días comen de balde, y todo se les hace ligero. Hace con ellos el Señor como el mercader, que la primera muestra de la hacienda que quiere vender da de balde, como quiera que lo demás venda por su justo valor. El amor que se tiene a los hijos chiquitos, aunque no es mayor que el de los que están ya criados, pero es más tierno y más regalado. A estos llevan en brazos, los otros andan por su pie; a los

otros ponen en trabajos, a estos, de propósito, se los quitan; y sin buscar ellos la comida, muchas veces les ruegan con ella, y aun se la ponen en la boca.

Pues deste buen tratamiento del Señor y de estos favores tan conocidos nace, en los que comienzan, aquella alegría espiritual que el Profeta significó, cuando dijo: Con las gotas del agua de lluvia, que de lo alto caen, se alegrará la nueva planta que comienza a florecer. Pues ¿qué planta es esta, y qué gotas de agua estas, sino el rocío de la divina gracia con que se riegan las espirituales plantas que de nuevo son trasplantadas del mundo en la huerta del Señor? Pues destas dice el profeta que se alegrarán con las gotas desta agua que caen de lo alto, para significar la grande alegría que los tales reciben con las primicias desta nueva visitación y beneficio celestial. Y no pienses que estos favores, porque se llaman gotas, es tan pequeña su virtud como su nombre, porque, como dice san Agustín, «el que bebiere del río del paraíso, del cual una sola gota es mayor que todo el mar océano, cierto es que sola esta bastará para apagar en él toda la sed del mundo».

Ni es argumento contra esto decir que tú no sientes estas consolaciones y alegrías, aunque pienses en Dios. Porque, si cuando el paladar está corrompido con malos humores no juzga bien de los sabores, porque lo amargo le parece dulce, y lo dulce amargo, ¿qué maravilla es que, teniendo tú el ánima corrompida con tantos malos humores de vicios y aficiones desordenadas, y tan hecho a las ollas podridas de Egipto, tengas hastío del maná del cielo y del pan de los ángeles? Purga tú ese paladar con las lágrimas de la penitencia, y así purgado y limpio, podrá gustar y ver cuán suave es el Señor.

Pues, siendo esto así, dime ahora, hermano: ¿Qué bienes hay en el mundo que no sean basura, comparados con estos? Dos bienaventuranzas ponen los santos: una comenzada y otra acabada. De la acabada, gozan los bienaventurados en la gloria; y de la comenzada, los justos en esta vida. Pues ¿qué más quieres tú, que comenzar desde ahora a ser bienaventurado y recibir desde acá las arras de aquel divino casamiento, que allí se celebra por palabras de presente y aquí se comienza por palabras de futuro? «¡Oh hombre! —dice Ricardo—, pues en este paraíso puedes vivir y gozar deste tesoro, ve y vende todo lo que tienes, y compra esta tan preciosa posesión, que no te será cara, porque el mercader es Cristo, que la da casi de balde. No lo dilates para adelante, porque un punto que ahora pierdes vale más que todos los tesoros del mundo». Y, aunque adelante se te diese, sé de cierto que has de vivir con grande dolor de lo que pierdes, y llorar siempre con san Agustín, diciendo: «¡Tarde te amé, hermosura tan antigua y tan nueva!

¡Tarde te amé!» . Este santo lloraba siempre la tardanza de la vuelta, aunque no fue despojado de la corona. ¡Mira, tú, no vengas a llorarlo todo, si, por un cabo, pierdes los bienes de gloria de que gozan los santos en la vida venidera, y por otro, los de gracia, de que los justos gozan en la presente.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Gal.5.22 — But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
  2. ↩Gal.5.22 — But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
  3. ↩Ps.34.9-Ps.34.10 — Taste and see that the LORD is good; blessed is the one who takes refuge in him. Ps.34.10 — Fear the LORD, you his holy ones, for there is no lack for those who fear him.
  4. ↩Ps.89.16;Ps.90.15 — Happy are the people who know the shout of joy; O LORD, they walk in the light of your face. Ps.90.15 — Make us glad according to the days you afflicted us, the years we saw calamity.
  5. ↩Song.2.4 — He brought me to the house of wine, and his banner over me is love.
  6. ↩Song.5.1 — I have come into my garden, my sister, my bride; I have gathered my myrrh with my spice; I have eaten my honeycomb with my honey; I have drunk my wine with my milk. Eat, friends; drink, and be drunk with love.
  7. ↩Rom.5.6-Rom.5.8;Matt.5.45 — For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. Rom.5.7 — For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person—though for a good person someone might perhaps even dare to die. Rom.5.8 — But God demonstrates his own love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. Matt.5.45 — so that you may become sons of your Father who is in heaven, for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous.
  8. ↩Ps.18.25-Ps.18.26;2Sam.22.26 — So the LORD has dealt with me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his sight. Ps.18.26 — With the loyal one you show yourself loyal; with the blameless man you show yourself blameless. 2Sam.22.26 — With the loyal one you show yourself loyal; with the blameless warrior you show yourself blameless.
  9. ↩Song.3.2;Prov.1.20-Prov.1.21 — I will rise now and go about the city, through the streets and through the squares; I will seek the one my soul loves. I sought him, but I did not find him. Prov.1.20 — Wisdom cries aloud in the street; in the public squares she raises her voice. Prov.1.21 — At the head of the noisy streets she calls out; at the openings of the city gates she speaks her words.
  10. ↩Ps.34.8;Ps.34.9 — The angel of the LORD encamps around those who fear him, and delivers them. Ps.34.9 — Taste and see that the LORD is good; blessed is the one who takes refuge in him.
  11. ↩Ps.33.9 — For he spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm.
  12. ↩Ps.73.25;Ps.73.25 — Whom have I in heaven but you? And with you I desire nothing on earth. Ps.73.25 — Whom have I in heaven but you? And with you I desire nothing on earth.
  13. ↩Ps.73.25;Ps.73.26 — Whom have I in heaven but you? And with you I desire nothing on earth. Ps.73.26 — My flesh and my heart may fail, but God is the strength of my heart and my portion forever.
  14. ↩Song.5.2 — I am asleep, but my heart is awake. The voice of my beloved knocks: "Open to me, my sister, my love, my dove, my perfect one. For my head is drenched with dew, my locks with the drops of night."
  15. ↩Song.2.7 — I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, by the gazelles or by the does of the field: do not stir up or awaken love until it pleases.
  16. ↩Ps.21.4;Ps.22.3 — For you meet him with rich blessings; you set a crown of fine gold upon his head. Ps.22.3 — Yet you are holy, enthroned upon the praises of Israel.
  17. ↩1Cor.3.2;Heb.5.12-Heb.5.13;1Pet.2.2 — I gave you milk to drink, not solid food, for you were not yet able. But indeed, even now you are not able, Heb.5.12 — For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you still need someone to teach you the basic principles of the oracles of God. You need milk, not solid food. Heb.5.13 — For everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is an infant. 1Pet.2.2 — Like newborn babies, long for the pure, unadulterated milk of the word, so that by it you may grow up into salvation.
  18. ↩Luke.15.11-Luke.15.32 — And he said, "A certain man had two sons." Luke.15.12 — And the younger of them said to his father, 'Father, give me the share of the estate that falls to me.' And he divided his livelihood between them. Luke.15.13 — And not many days later, the younger son, having gathered everything together, departed to a distant country, and there he squandered his property by living recklessly. Luke.15.14 — And after he had spent everything, a severe famine struck that region, and he began to be in want. Luke.15.15 — And he went and attached himself to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him to his fields to feed pigs. Luke.15.16 — He longed to fill his stomach with the pods that the pigs were eating, and no one gave him anything. Luke.15.17 — But when he came to himself, he said, 'How many of my father's hired workers have bread enough to spare, and here I am perishing of hunger!' Luke.15.18 — I will get up and go to my father, and I will say to him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you.' Luke.15.19 — I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me as one of your hired servants. Luke.15.20 — And he got up and went to his own father. But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was moved with compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him. Luke.15.21 — And the son said to him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.' Luke.15.22 — But the father said to his servants, 'Quickly, bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet.' Luke.15.23 — And bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let us eat and celebrate. Luke.15.24 — because this son of mine was dead and has come back to life; he was lost and has been found. And they began to celebrate. Luke.15.25 — Now his older son was in the field; and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. Luke.15.26 — And he called one of the servants and asked him what these things might be. Luke.15.27 — But he said to him, 'Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and sound.' Luke.15.28 — But he was angry and refused to go in. So his father came out and pleaded with him. Luke.15.29 — But he answered his father, 'Look, all these years I have served you, and I never disobeyed your command, yet you never gave me even a young goat so that I could celebrate with my friends.' Luke.15.30 — but when this son of yours who has devoured your livelihood with prostitutes came, you killed the fattened calf for him Luke.15.31 — And he said to him, 'Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.' Luke.15.32 — But we had to celebrate and be glad, for this brother of yours was dead and has come to life; he was lost and has been found.
  19. ↩Matt.9.17;Mark.2.22;Luke.5.37-Luke.5.38 — Neither do people pour new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the skins are destroyed. But they pour new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved. Mark.2.22 — And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; but if not, the wine will burst the skins, and the wine is destroyed and the skins [too]. But new wine is for fresh skins. Luke.5.37 — And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; but if not, the new wine will burst the skins, and it will be spilled, and the skins will be destroyed. Luke.5.38 — But new wine must be put into fresh wineskins.
  20. ↩Exod.16.3 — And the children of Israel said to them, 'Would that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the fleshpots, when we ate bread to the full; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger.'
  21. ↩Ps.34.8 — The angel of the LORD encamps around those who fear him, and delivers them.
  22. ↩Phil.3.8 — But more than that—indeed, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have lost everything and consider it all rubbish, so that I may gain Christ.
  23. ↩Matt.13.44-Matt.13.46;Matt.19.21;Mark.10.21 — The kingdom of heaven is like a treasure hidden in a field, which a man found and hid again; and in his joy he goes and sells all that he has and buys that field. Matt.13.45 — Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant in search of fine pearls. Matt.13.46 — who, having found one pearl of great value, went and sold all that he had and bought it. Matt.19.21 — Jesus said to him, "If you wish to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me." Mark.10.21 — And Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said to him, "One thing you lack. Go, sell whatever you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. And come, follow me."
  24. ↩1Cor.9.25;2Tim.4.8;Jas.1.12 — Everyone who competes in the games exercises self-control in all things. They do it to receive a perishable wreath, but we an imperishable one. 2Tim.4.8 — From now on, there is reserved for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will give me on that day — and not only to me, but also to all who have loved his appearing. Jas.1.12 — Blessed is the man who endures temptation; for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life, which the Lord has promised to those who love him.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩honestidad rendered as “moral worth” (classical honestum: what is honorable/right), not mere truth-telling; quiebras as “flaws/drawbacks.”
  2. 2 ↩se van de boca rendered as “rush headlong” (idiomatic full-tilt pursuit); cebados as “baited/fed on.”
  3. 3 ↩Spanish 'salud' here is salvific (salvation), not physical health; rendered 'salvation' to match the biblical sense of God as author of the soul's deliverance.
  4. 4 ↩'potencias de mi ánima' is scholastic: the soul's powers/faculties; kept as 'powers and faculties' rather than flattened to mere 'strengths'.
  5. 5 ↩'comunicación del espíritu' rendered as 'the spirit's sharing' (spiritual overflow/communication into the body), not modern social 'communication'.
  6. 6 ↩Spanish 'salud' can mean health, welfare, or salvation; in this psalm-echo of salvation/rejoicing among the just, rendered as 'salvation'.
  7. 7 ↩Archaic future 'darles heis' (= les daréis) rendered as modern 'you will give them'.
  8. 8 ↩jubilación is kept as the technical spiritual term (not modern 'retirement' or generic 'celebration'); it names the overwhelming joy in God that the psalm and Gregory describe.
  9. 9 ↩Sentence is truncated mid-clause at 'la flaqueza del'; the continuation appears in the next section (GuiaPec.1.17.11.s1: body unable to bear the greatness of those delights).
  10. 10 ↩Section opens mid-clause, continuing GuiaPec.1.17.10.s8 (Saint Ephrem seized by the wine of heavenly sweetness). The sense supplied is: the frailty of the subject could no longer bear the greatness of these delights, and so he was compelled to cry out.
  11. 11 ↩impedírsele y dilatársele: the delay/obstruction of fulfillment is what causes the 'sickness of love,' not the desire itself as disease.
  12. 12 ↩doctor rendered as 'teacher' (learned spiritual authority), not a medical doctor.
  13. 13 ↩reclinatorio de oro: Solomon's golden rest/couch (Song 3:10), rendered 'resting place of gold.'
  14. 14 ↩Source unit is only a bare period with no lexical content; likely a segmentation artifact between s6 and s8.
  15. 15 ↩regalos: gifts of favor/consolation, not mere material presents; kept as 'gifts' for natural modern English.
  16. 16 ↩Source reads 'cada una de la ánimas' (sg. article); translated as 'each of the souls' (standard early-modern sense of the phrase).
  17. 17 ↩mil manjares: literal food image (dishes/delicacies) for self-offering to God; kept concrete to match later potajes.
  18. 18 ↩potajes: stews/dishes; kept as food-image parallel to mil manjares in s2 for self-offering.
  19. 19 ↩Source sentence is only a period ('.'); likely a segmentation artifact with no translatable content.
  20. 20 ↩"abatido" rendered as "cast down" (lowly/abased posture in God's house), matching the psalm's sense of preferring humble station with God over proud dwelling with sinners.
  21. 21 ↩Source sentence is only a period ('.'); likely a segmentation artifact with no translatable content.
  22. 22 ↩Spanish pechos / leche keeps the Song of Songs nursing image for divine consolations; rendered as breasts/milk rather than paraphrased away, since the allegory depends on it.
  23. 23 ↩regalos here means spiritual favors/delights of grace, not material gifts.
  24. 24 ↩Spanish caridad rendered as charity in the theological-virtue sense (enjoyment of God by charity), not almsgiving.
  25. 25 ↩Spanish manzanas kept as apples, following the traditional Canticle reading; some witnesses understand aromatic fruits more broadly.
  26. 26 ↩desvariados: deluded / out of their wits / raving; rendered as 'mad ones' to keep the sharp rhetorical rebuke without archaic 'madmen'.
  27. 27 ↩¿en qué andáis? = what path/occupation are you engaged in; rendered as the natural contemporary rebuke 'What are you about?' rather than the flatter 'What are you doing?'.
  28. 28 ↩Spanish 'dechados' rendered as 'models' (exemplars/patterns); 'entretenerla' as 'keep her company' rather than mere amusement; 'tomar las manos' as the wedding custom of joining hands.
  29. 29 ↩Spanish 'proceso' can mean a legal brief/dossier or extended written account; rendered as 'record' to keep the documentary-testimony force with 'testimonio'.
  30. 30 ↩'sueño velador' rendered as 'wakeful sleep' to preserve the paradox of contemplative rest that remains vigilant.
  31. 31 ↩Hierro may mean weapons/armor (armed prowlers) or a hard iron burden; rendered literally as iron to keep the source image.
  32. 32 ↩previene renders older Spanish prevenir (Latin praevenire, 'go before/anticipate'), not modern 'prevent'; the phrase echoes the psalm language of being met first with blessings of sweetness.
  33. 33 ↩Quoted song keeps solemn uncontracted forms; 'caballero' is rendered 'rider' to match the Exodus victory hymn, not medieval 'knight'.
  34. 34 ↩Source hyphenation perfectísima-mente is the adverb perfectísimamente ('most perfectly'), not two separate words.
  35. 35 ↩dél = de él ('of it'), referring to the path (camino).
  36. 36 ↩Sentence ends mid-clause at 'del cual escribe'; neighboring next section supplies the subject and quotation lead-in ('Moisés estas palabras...'). Translation keeps the open ending rather than inventing the speaker here.
  37. 37 ↩Continues the previous section's unfinished clause ('del cual escribe'): the Spanish is elliptical as 'Moisés estas palabras,' completed here as 'Moses writes these words' from the cross-section join.
  38. 38 ↩"descarnarlos de su carne" rendered as "strip them of their flesh" (ascetical detachment from fleshly attachment), not literal violence. "leche del mundo" keeps the milk metaphor for worldly nurture/comfort from which they must be weaned.
  39. 39 ↩Source sentence is only a bare period ("."); likely a segmentation artifact from the previous question mark. Left empty rather than inventing content.
  40. 40 ↩Spanish 'la toma en camisa' is an idiom for taking a bride who brings no dowry—i.e., in utter poverty. Rendered as 'with nothing but the shirt on her back' to keep that sense in plain English.
  41. 41 ↩Granada distinguishes 'doncellicas' (younger/tender beginners) from 'doncellas' (souls more founded in virtue). The diminutive is load-bearing for the argument about early fervor.
  42. 42 ↩«da por cima» is rendered as «boils over» (overflows the brim), the natural kitchen image paired with the pot and flame.
  43. 43 ↩de balde: free of charge / at no cost (not 'in vain').
  44. 44 ↩como quiera que rendered as concessive 'even though' (Golden Age Spanish), not as 'however he may wish'.
  45. 45 ↩regalado: not merely 'gifted', but fond, pampering, affectionate care (Golden Age sense).
  46. 46 ↩Sentence is truncated at the section boundary; continues in GuiaPec.1.17.33 (a los / otros ponen en trabajos...).
  47. 47 ↩Spanish sed here is 'thirst,' not the Latin adversative connective; the gloss mistakenly flagged it as adversative.
  48. 48 ↩ollas podridas de Egipto alludes to the biblical fleshpots of Egypt (Exod 16:3) while stressing their corruption; rendered literally as "rotten pots of Egypt" rather than the more familiar "fleshpots."
  49. 49 ↩bienaventuranzas here means states of blessedness (begun in grace now; finished in glory), not the Beatitudes of the Sermon on the Mount as a list.
  50. 50 ↩arras = betrothal pledge/earnest. palabras de presente / de futuro echo medieval marriage-contract language: full nuptial consent in glory versus betrothal-like promise begun on earth.
  51. 51 ↩Ricardo is almost certainly Richard of St. Victor (or another medieval Richard); left as 'Richard' pending source tagging.
  52. 52 ↩'la vuelta' is the return/conversion back to God; 'la corona' is the reward-crown of glory, not a literal diadem.
  53. 53 ↩'por un cabo... y por otro' rendered as 'on the one hand... and on the other' (two sides/ends of the same loss).

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