Capítulo XIII. Del segundo privilegio de la virtud, que es la gracia del Espíritu Santo que se da a los virtuosos
The Nature of Divine Grace
Grace is defined as a participation in the divine nature, acting as a supernatural form that empowers the soul for a life beyond the natural.
This fatherly providence is, as we said, the source of all the other privileges and benefits God grants his own; because it belongs to this providence to provide them with every means needed to reach their end—their final perfection and happiness—both by helping them and lending them a hand in all their needs, and by creating in their souls all those abilities, virtues, and infused habits that this requires. Among these, the first is the grace of the Holy Spirit, which, after this divine providence, is the principle of all the other privileges and heavenly gifts; and so this is that first robe given to the prodigal son when he was received into his father's house. And if you ask me what this grace is, I tell you that grace, as the theologians explain, is a participation in the divine nature—that is, in God's holiness, goodness, purity, and nobility—through which a person casts off from himself the baseness and lowliness that comes from Adam, and becomes a sharer in divine holiness and nobility, stripping himself of himself and putting on Christ.1 The saints make this clear with a familiar example: iron thrown into the fire, which, without ceasing to be iron, comes out of it entirely aglow and shining like the fire itself; so that, while the same substance and name of iron remain, the brilliance, the heat, and other such accidents belong to fire.2 In this same way, grace—a heavenly quality that God pours into the soul—has the marvelous power to transform a person into God. Without ceasing to be human, he shares in his own way in God's virtues and purity, just as the man did who said, "I live, yet no longer I, but Christ lives in me." Grace is also a supernatural and divine form that makes a person live a life matching the principle and form it comes from—which is itself supernatural and divine. In this, God's providence shines out wonderfully: just as He willed that human beings should live two lives, one natural and the other supernatural, so for this He provided them with two forms, which are like two souls for these lives—one for living the one, and the other for living the other.3 It follows that, just as all the powers and senses used to live a natural life come from the soul—our natural form—so all the virtues and gifts of the Holy Spirit used to live the supernatural life come from grace, our supernatural form. It is as if someone provided a person holding two occupations with two sets of tools to carry them out.
The Soul as God's Dwelling
Grace adorns the soul like a bride, beautifying and strengthening it to reflect God's own holiness.
Grace, moreover, is a spiritual adornment for the soul, crafted by the hand of the Holy Spirit. It makes the soul so full of grace and beauty in God's eyes that He receives it as His daughter and His bride. The Prophet used to glory in this adornment when he said: 'I will rejoice greatly in the Lord, and my soul will be glad in my God, because He has clothed me with the garment of salvation and wrapped me in robes of righteousness; like a bridegroom, He has set a crown on my head, and like a bride, He has arrayed me with all His jewels and adornments'—which are all the virtues and gifts of the Holy Spirit with which the soul of the just is adorned and arrayed by the hand of God. This is the many-colored garment in which the king's daughter is clothed, seated at the right hand of her Bridegroom; for from grace come the colors of all the virtues and heavenly habits that make up her beauty. From what has been said, you can understand the effects this grace works in the soul where it dwells. One of its chief effects is to make the soul so gracious and beautiful in the eyes of God that he takes her, as we said, as his daughter, his bride, his temple, and his dwelling place, where he may take delight with the children of men. Another effect is not only to beautify her, but also to strengthen her through the virtues that flow from it—virtues that are like another kind of Samson's hair, and in which lie not only the beauty but also the strength of the soul.4 For both of these, she is praised in the Song of Songs, when the angels, marveling at her,5 beauty, they say: Who is this who rises on high, like the morning when it lifts, beautiful as the moon, chosen as the sun, and terrible as the well-ordered ranks of armies?✦6 . From this it seems that grace is like a laced suit of armor that arms a person from head to foot and makes him strong and beautiful—and so strong that, as Saint Thomas says, “the least degree of grace is enough to conquer all the demons and all the sins of the world.”7
The Fruits and Effects of Grace
Grace elevates human actions to merit eternal life and secures our status as children of God.
Another of its effects is to make a person so pleasing, and of such dignity, in God's eyes that every deliberate work they do (provided it isn't sin) is pleasing to him and meritorious of eternal life; so that not only the acts of the virtues, but even natural works such as eating, drinking, sleeping, and the like, are pleasing to God and meritorious of so great a good; for, because the person is so agreeable to him, everything they do is agreeable and meritorious, so long as it isn't evil.8 Another of its effects is to make a person an adopted child of God and an heir to His Kingdom, to write their name in the book of life where all the just are recorded, and thus to grant them a right to that richest inheritance of heaven.✦✦ This is the privilege the Savior emphasized to his disciples when they returned so elated that even the demons obeyed them in his name. He answered them, saying: You have no reason to rejoice that you have power over the demons; rather, rejoice that your names are written in the Kingdom of Heaven—for it is clear that this is the greatest good the human heart can desire in this life.✦9
The Armor of Virtue
Grace equips the soul with infused virtues to guard against passion and establishes God as the governing presence within the believer.
Finally, to put it briefly: grace is what equips a person for every good; what smooths the road to heaven; what makes God's yoke easy; what sets a person running along the path of the virtues; what restores and heals our sick nature (and so makes light for us what used to feel heavy when nature was still sick); and what, in a way beyond words, reforms and arms—through the virtues that flow from it—all the powers of our soul: enlightening the understanding, kindling the will, gathering the memory, strengthening free will, tempering the desiring appetite so it doesn't pine after what is evil, and strengthening the irascible appetite so it doesn't shrink from what is good.✦10 And what's more: because all the natural passions that go with these two lower powers of our appetite are like stepfathers of virtue, and like postern gates and entryways through which demons so often get into our souls, as a remedy for this grace sets a guard—a kind of warden—at each of these places to watch that passage: an infused virtue come from heaven, standing there to secure us against the danger that passion could bring us.11 And so, to defend us from the craving of gluttony, it sets the virtue of temperance; against the craving of the flesh, chastity; against the craving for honor, humility; and so on with all the rest. And above all this, grace lodges God in the soul so that, dwelling in it, He may govern it, defend it, and guide it to heaven; and so He is in it as King in His kingdom, as Captain in His army, as head of the household in His house, as Teacher in His school, and as Shepherd over His flock, so that there He may exercise and use spiritually all these offices and providences. So if this pearl so precious—from which so many goods proceed—is the perpetual companion of virtue, who would not gladly take pleasure in imitating the prudence of that wise merchant in the Gospel who gave everything he had to obtain it? .
Read the original Spanish
Esta paternal providencia es, como dijimos, la fuente de todos los otros privilegios y beneficios que Dios hace a los suyos; porque a esta providencia pertenece proveerles de todos los medios necesarios para conseguir su fin, que es su última perfección y felicidad, así ayudándoles y dándoles la mano en todas sus necesidades, como criando en sus ánimas todas aquellas habilidades y virtudes, y todos los hábitos infusos, que para esto se requieren. Entre los cuales, el primero es la gracia del Espíritu Santo, que, después desta divina providencia, es el principio de todos los otros privilegios y dones celestiales; y así esta es aquella primera vestidura que se dio al hijo pródigo cuando fue recibido en la casa de su padre. Y, si me preguntares qué cosa sea esta gracia, dígote que gracia, como declaran los teólogos, es una participación de la naturaleza divina; esto es, de la santidad, de la bondad, de la pureza y nobleza de Dios, mediante la cual despide el hombre de sí la bajeza y villanía que le viene por parte de Adán, y se hace participante de la santidad y nobleza divina, despojándose de sí y vistiéndose de Cristo. Esto declaran los santos con un común ejemplo: del hierro echado en el fuego; el cual, sin dejar de ser hierro, sale de ahí todo abrasado y resplandeciente como el mismo fuego; de manera que, permaneciendo la misma sustancia y nombre de hierro, el resplandor, y el calor, y otros tales accidentes, son de fuego. Pues desta manera la gracia (que es una cualidad celestial, la cual infunde Dios en el ánima) tiene esta maravillosa virtud de transformar el hombre en Dios, de tal manera que, sin dejar de ser hombre, participe en su manera las virtudes y pureza de Dios; como las había participado aquel que decía: Vivo yo; ya no yo, mas vive en mí Cristo.
Gracia es otrosí una forma sobrenatural y divina, la cual hace al hombre vivir tal vida, cual es el principio y forma de do procede, que es también sobrenatural y divina; en lo cual resplandece maravillosamente la providencia de Dios, que, así como quiso que el hombre viviese dos vidas, una natural y otra sobrenatural, así para esto le proveyó de dos formas, que son como dos ánimas destas vidas: una para vivir la una, y otra para la otra. De donde, así como del ánima, que es forma natural, proceden todas las potencias y sentidos con que se vive la vida natural, así de la gracia, que es forma sobrenatural, proceden todas las virtudes y dones del Espíritu Santo con que se vive la otra vida sobrenatural; que es como quien proveyese a un hombre, que tuviese dos oficios, de dos maneras de instrumentos para entender en ellos.
Gracia, otrosí, es un atavío y ornamento espiritual del ánima, hecho por mano del Espíritu Santo, el cual la hace tan graciosa y hermosa en los ojos de Dios, que la recibe por hija y por esposa suya; en el cual atavío se gloriaba el Profeta, cuando decía: Gozando, me gozaré en el Señor, y mi ánima se alegrará en mi Dios, porque él me ha vestido con vestidura de salud y cercado de ropas de justicia, y así como a esposo me ha puesto una corona en la cabeza, y como a esposa me ha ataviado con todas sus joyas y atavíos; que son todas las virtudes y dones del Espíritu Santo con que el ánima del justo está adornada y ataviada por mano de Dios. Esta es aquella vestidura de muchos colores de que está vestida la hija del rey, asentada a la diestra de su Esposo; porque de la gracia proceden los colores de todas las virtudes y hábitos celestiales en que está su hermosura.
De lo dicho, se puede luego entender cuáles sean los efectos que esta gracia obra en el ánima donde mora. Porque un efecto suyo, y el más principal, es hacer el ánima tan graciosa y hermosa en los ojos de Dios, que la tome, como dijimos, por hija, por esposa, por templo y morada suya, donde tenga sus deleites con los hijos de los hombres. Otro efecto es no sólo hermosearla, sino también fortalecerla mediante las virtudes que della proceden, que son como otros cabellos de Sansón, y en los cuales consiste no sólo la hermosura, sino también la fortaleza del ánima. Y de lo uno y de lo otro es alabada en el libro de los Cantares, cuando, maravillándose los ángeles de su
hermosura, dicen: ¿Quién es esta que sube a lo alto, como la mañana cuando se levanta, hermosa como la luna, escogida como el sol y terrible como los haces de los reales bien ordenados? . Por do parece que la gracia es como un arnés tranzado que arma el hombre de pies a cabeza y le hace fuerte y hermoso; y tan fuerte, que, como dice santo Tomás, «el menor grado de gracia basta para vencer todos los demonios y todos los pecados del mundo».
Otro efecto suyo es hacer al hombre tan grato y de tanta dignidad en los ojos de Dios, que todas cuantas obras deliberadas hace (que no sean pecados) le son gratas y merecedoras de vida eterna; de suerte que, no sólo los actos de las virtudes, mas las obras naturales, como son el comer, y el beber, y el dormir, etc. , son gratas a Dios y merecedoras deste tan grande bien; porque, por serle tan agradable el sujeto, es agradable y meritorio todo cuanto hace, no siendo malo.
Otro efecto es hacer al hombre hijo de Dios por adopción y heredero de su Reino, y escribirle en el libro de la vida, donde están escritos todos los justos, y así tener derecho a aquella riquísima heredad del cielo. Este es aquel privilegio que encarecía el Salvador a sus discípulos, cuando, viniendo ellos muy ufanos por ver que hasta los demonios les obedecían en su nombre, les respondió diciendo: No tenéis de qué alegraros por tener señorío sobre los demonios; mas alegraos porque vuestros nombres están escritos en el Reino de los Cielos; pues está claro que este es el mayor bien que el corazón humano en esta vida puede desear.
Finalmente, por abreviar, la gracia es la que habilita al hombre para todo bien, la que allana el camino del cielo, la que hace el yugo de Dios suave, la que hace correr al hombre por el camino de las virtudes, la que restituye y sana la naturaleza enferma (y así hace que le sea ligero lo que antes, cuando estaba enferma, le era pesado), y la que, por una manera inefable, reforma y arma, mediante las virtudes que della proceden, todas las potencias de nuestra ánima, alumbrando el entendimiento, encendiendo la voluntad, recogiendo la memoria, esforzando el libre albedrío, templando la parte concupiscible, para que no se desperezca por lo malo, y esforzando la irascible, para que no se acobarde para lo bueno. Y, demás de esto, porque todas las pasiones naturales que están con estas dos fuerzas inferiores de nuestro apetito son como unos padrastros de la virtud, y unos postigos y entraderos por donde los demonios suelen entrar en nuestras ánimas, para remedio desto pone una guarda y uno como alcaide en cada uno destos lugares para guardar aquel paso, que es una virtud infusa venida del cielo y que allí asiste para asegurarnos del peligro que por parte de aquella pasión nos podría venir. Y así, para defendernos del apetito de la gula, pone la virtud de la templanza; para el de la carne, la de la castidad; para el de la honra, la de la humildad; y así en todo lo demás.
Λ Y, sobre todo esto, la gracia aposenta a Dios en el ánima, para que, morando en ella, la gobierne, defienda y encamine al cielo; y así está en ella como Rey en su reino, como Capitán en su ejército, como Padre de familia en su casa, como Maestro en su escuela y como Pastor en su ganado; para que allí ejercite y use espiritualmente todos estos oficios y providencias. Pues, si esta perla tan preciosa, de cuantos bienes proceden, es perpetua compañera de la virtud, ¿quién habrá que no huelgue de buena gana de imitar la prudencia de aquel sabio mercader del Evangelio, que dio todo cuanto tenía, por alcanzarla? .
Scripture echoes
- ↩Song.6.10 — Who is this who looks forth like the dawn, beautiful as the moon, bright as the sun, awesome as those with banners?
- ↩Rom.8.15-Rom.8.17;Gal.4.5-Gal.4.7 — For you did not receive a spirit of slavery again to fear, but you received a spirit of adoption, in which we cry, "Abba, Father." Rom.8.16 — The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God. Rom.8.17 — And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. Gal.4.5 — in order to redeem those under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. Gal.4.6 — And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, 'Abba, Father.' Gal.4.7 — So you are no longer a slave but a son; and if a son, then an heir through God.
- ↩Phil.4.3;Rev.3.5 — Yes, I ask you also, true companion, help these women, for they labored with me in the gospel together with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the book of life. Rev.3.5 — The one who conquers will thus be clothed in white garments, and I will not erase his name from the book of life. I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels.
- ↩Luke.10.17-Luke.10.20 — The seventy[-two] returned with joy, saying, 'Lord, even the demons submit to us in your name.' Luke.10.18 — He said to them, "I watched Satan fall from heaven like lightning." Luke.10.19 — Look, I have given you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing at all will harm you. Luke.10.20 — Nevertheless, do not rejoice in this, that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.
- ↩Matt.11.30 — For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
Notes
- 1 ↩"Participación de la naturaleza divina" renders the scholastic/patristic claim of grace as participation in the divine nature (cf. 2 Pet 1:4), not a change of essence.
- 2 ↩Spanish accidentes is kept as the scholastic term "accidents" (non-substantial properties), not modern "mishaps".
- 3 ↩Spanish forma is kept as 'form' in the scholastic sense: the interior principle that makes a life what it is (as the soul is the form of natural life).
- 4 ↩«della» = de ella, referring to grace: the virtues proceed from grace.
- 5 ↩Source sentence is truncated mid-clause at «de su»; the next section continues with «hermosura, dicen: ¿Quién es esta…» (Song of Songs ascent imagery).
- 6 ↩Continues the incomplete sentence from GuiaPec.1.15.4.s4 (the angels marveling at her beauty in the Song of Songs). 'Terrible' here means awe-inspiring/formidable (cf. Vulgate terribilis), not merely dreadful.
- 7 ↩'arnés tranzado' (likely related to trenzado/laced): rendered as a laced/linked full harness of armor, not modern 'harness' alone.
- 8 ↩sujeto: the human person as subject of grace (not 'subject' in the modern topical sense).
- 9 ↩encarecía rendered as 'was pressing on' (stressing as precious/important), not merely 'was explaining'.
- 10 ↩Spanish 'parte concupiscible' and 'irascible' are the scholastic appetites (desire for the pleasant vs. courage against hard goods). 'desperezca' is rendered as 'pine after' (yearn/softening toward evil), parallel to 'acobarde' (cower from good).
- 11 ↩'padrastros de la virtud' is a sharp figure: stepfathers as false/hostile guardians of virtue, not loving fathers. Kept as 'stepfathers' for fidelity.
The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores) companion
A prayer for every moment, already on your phone
Chosen Portion puts a curated historic prayer in front of you each day — so the words are there before the moment arrives.
Chosen Portion is the digital descendant of the carried prayer book: the short daily prayers this collection preserves, delivered one a day to your pocket.
- One short, memorable prayer delivered daily — build your repertoire a card at a time
- Prayers matched to real situations: fear, gratitude, decisions, grief, sleep
- Save favourites into your personal pocket collection you can open anywhere