SR
← The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores)/Book 1 · Guía de pecadores, Libro Primero
Chapter 14GuiaPec.1.14

Capítulo XII. Título por donde estamos obligados a la virtud por razón del primer privilegio de ella, que es la providencia especial que Dios tiene de los buenos, para encaminarlos a todo bien, y de la que tiene de los malos, para castigo de su maldad

The Fatherly Providence of God

God exercises a unique and tender fatherly care over those who serve him, surpassing all earthly love.

So, among these privileges and favors, the first and most important—the one from which all others flow like a spring—is the fatherly providence and care that God has for those who serve him. For although he has a general providence over all creatures, he has a far more special one over those he has taken as his own; for since he holds them as sons and has given them a spirit and heart of sons, he also, for his part, has toward them the heart of a most loving Father, and in keeping with this love he cares for them and provides for them. But how great this providence is, no one can understand except the person who has experienced it, or the person who, with study and attention, has read Sacred Scripture and carefully noted the passages that deal with it—because whoever does so will see that almost the whole of divine Scripture, from beginning to end, is generally about this. For all of it turns on these two points, like the world on its two poles: asking and promising.1 On one hand, God asks for our obedience and the keeping of his commandments; on the other, he promises the greatest rewards to those who keep them, just as he threatens the greatest punishments to those who break them. This teaching is structured so that all the moral books of Sacred Scripture ask and promise, while all the historical books confirm the fulfillment of both, showing through deeds how differently God has dealt with the good and the wicked.2 But since God is so generous and so magnificent, and man so weak and so wretched—He so rich for promising, and man so poor for giving—the proportion between what he asks and what he gives is very different; because he asks little and gives much. He asks for love and obedience, which he himself gives us, and for this he offers us inestimable goods of grace and of glory, for this life and for the next.3 Among these goods, we place first this fatherly love and providence he has for those he receives as children, which surpasses all the love and care that earthly fathers have, or could ever have, for their own. The reason for this is that no father has ever stored up or prepared such a great good for his children as God has prepared and promised for his own—which is a share in his own glory; nor✦4 has any father ever labored as hard for his children as he has for his, for it was for this that he poured out his blood; nor does any keep so constant a care of them as he does, for he keeps them always before his eyes and helps them in all their troubles.56 David confesses this when he says: 'As for me, Lord, You received me because of my innocence, and You have always established me in Your presence'; that is, You never took Your eyes off me, because of the perpetual care You have for me.✦ And in another psalm: 'The eyes of the Lord are fixed on the just, and His ears on their prayers.'✦ But His angry face is set against those who do evil, to wipe their memory from the earth.✦ But because the greatest wealth of a good Christian is the providence God has over him—and the more sure he is of it, the greater his joy and trust—it is helpful to gather here some testimonies from holy Scripture. Each of them is like a royal charter and a fresh confirmation of these rich promises and bequests in God's will.7 Ecclesiasticus says: The eyes of the Lord are fixed on those who fear him; he is their strong garrison, their place of refuge, the shield of their defense, shelter against the summer heat, shade at midday, help in their dangers, and aid in all their falls. He is the one who lifts up their souls, enlightens their minds, and gives them health, life, and blessing. So far these are the words of Ecclesiasticus, and in them you see how many kinds of offices this Lord carries out toward his own. The prophet David says in a psalm: The Lord will take care to guide and set right the steps of the just man, and when he falls he won't be shattered, because the Lord will put his hand underneath him so that he isn't hurt. See what harm a fall can do to someone who falls onto a pillow as soft as the divine hand! In another place he says: Many are the tribulations of the just, but the Lord will free them from all of them, because he keeps count of all their bones, so that not even one of them will be broken. But in the holy Gospel this providence is taken even further, where the Savior says he has counted not only all their bones, but also all their hairs, so that not even one is lost. This shows the immense and most special providence he has over them; for what would he not care for, if he cares even for their hairs? And if this seems like a great deal to you, what the prophet Zechariah meant is no less: Whoever touches you touches me in the apple of my eye.8 It would have been more than enough to say, "Whoever touches you touches me"; but it was much more to say, "Whoever touches you in any part at all touches me in the apple of my eye."✦9 He looks after our protection not only by himself, but also through the ministry of the angels; as the psalm says: God has charged his angels concerning you, that they guard you in all your ways and carry you in the palms of their hands, so that your feet won't strike against a stone.✦ Have you ever seen such a coach or such a litter as the hands of the angels, to ride in?10 In this way, the holy angels, who are like our older brothers, carry in their arms the just—their younger brothers who don't know how to walk on their own, but only in someone else's arms. The angels carry them in these arms not only in life but also in death, as is clearly seen in the poor Lazarus of the Gospel, who after he died was carried by their hands to Abraham's bosom.✦ Another psalm says: The angel of the Lord goes around those who fear him, to deliver them from dangers.✦ Saint Jerome's translation makes it even clearer how powerful this protection is; instead of those words, it says: The angel of the Lord has pitched his camp around those who fear him, to deliver them.✦11 So what king in the world brings with him a guard like this? This was clearly seen in the book of Kings: when the army of the king of Syria came to seize the prophet Elisha, and his servant was trembling with fear, the holy prophet prayed to God, begging him to open the eyes of that distrustful young man so he might see how much greater an army he had on his side than his enemies. God opened the young man's eyes, and he saw the whole mountain full of horses and chariots of fire around Elisha.✦ This same garrison is the one written about in the Song of Songs in these words: What will you see in the Shulammite—who is a figure of the Church and of the soul that is in grace—but companies of camps?12 —which are the guard of the holy angels—. And the Bridegroom means this same thing in the same book by another figure, saying: Sixty strong men, of the bravest in Israel, guard Solomon's litter, and all of them have their swords in their hands and are highly skilled in battle.✦13 Each one has his sword on his thigh because of the terrors of the night.✦ So what is this, if not the Holy Spirit making plain to us14 through so many figures, the care that divine providence has over the souls of the just? For where else does it come from that a man, conceived in sin, living in a flesh so badly inclined and amid so many thousands of snares and dangers, can live many years without slipping into even a single thought that is mortal sin—except from this so great divine guardianship and providence?15 It is so great that it not only frees them from evils and guides them toward every good, but often even turns the very evils into which they sometimes fall by divine permission into material for good, when through those falls they become more careful, more humble, and more grateful to the One who rescued them from such dangers and forgave them so many sins—for in this sense the Apostle says that for those who love God all things help them and serve their good. And if these favors deserve great wonder, far more wonderful still is that God takes this care not only of his servants, but also of their children and descendants and of everything that concerns them, as the Lord himself testified when he said: I am the Lord, a strong and jealous God, who visits the wickedness of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation, and shows mercy for thousands of generations to those who love me and keep my commandments.✦ So he showed it with David, whose children, after so many years, he refused to destroy, though their sins often deserved it, out of regard for their father David.✦ And so he also showed it with Abraham, whose children he so often forgave for the love of their fathers. And even to Ishmael himself, who was the son of a slave woman, he promised to multiply and make great on the earth, because he was Abraham's son.✦ And he even guided Abraham's own servant on the road and in the errand he had charge of—finding a wife for his master's son—because he was Abraham's servant.16 And he not only showed regard for the servant out of love for the good master, but—what is more—even for the wicked master, out of love for the good servant.17 And so we read that he did great favors to Joseph's master, who was an idolater, out of love for the holy young man he had in his house. So what greater kindness and providence is there than this? Who wouldn't resolve to serve a Lord so generous, so faithful, and so grateful toward everyone who serves him and toward everything that belongs to them?18

Names and Titles of Divine Care

Scripture uses various titles—Father, Mother, Shepherd, Bridegroom—to illustrate the multifaceted nature of God's care for the soul.

I. The names that Sacred Scripture gives to our Lord because of this providence. So, since this divine providence extends to so many and such marvelous effects, that is why God has many different names in Holy Scripture. But the most celebrated and most common is to call him "Father," as his most loving Son calls him at every turn in the Gospel; and not only in the Gospel, but also in many places in the Old Testament, as the Prophet showed in the psalm when he said: As a father has compassion on his children, so the Lord has compassion on all who fear him, because he knows the frailty of our humanity.19 And because it still seemed too little to another prophet merely to call God "Father"—since His love and providence surpass those of every father—he said these words: "Lord, You are our Father, and Abraham did not know us, and Israel had nothing to do with us," making it clear that these men, who were fathers according to the flesh, did not deserve that name compared with God. But because, among these loves of parents, a mother's is usually either more intense or more tender, this Lord is not content to call Himself "Father"; He also calls Himself "Mother," and more than a mother. And so through Isaiah He speaks these sweetest words: "What mother is there who forgets her little child, and has no heart to take pity on the one who came from her womb?" Well then, if it were possible for a mother to be that forgetful, it will never, ever happen with Me—because I have you written on My hands, and your walls are always before Me. So what words could show greater tenderness and providence than these? Who could be so blind or distrustful that they wouldn't rejoice, or rise up and lift their head, given such pledges of such providence and love?20 For whoever considers that the One who speaks these words is God—whose truth cannot fail, whose riches have no limit, whose power is infinite—what will they fear? What will they not hope for? How will they not rejoice at such words? With such pledges? With such providence? And with such a showing of love? The matter goes even further: because this Lord wasn't content to compare His love with the ordinary, common love of mothers, He chose the one among them all most renowned for that love—the eagle—and compared His own love and providence to the eagle's, saying: Just like an eagle, this Lord defended his nest and loved his children; he spread his wings, set them upon them, and carried them on his shoulders.✦ The same prophet declared this even more openly to the same people after they reached the promised land, saying: The Lord has brought you along this whole road you've walked, just as a father carries a little child in his arms, until he set you in this place.✦21 And just as he takes for himself the name of father and of mother, so he also gives us the name of “children,” and of children most cherished; as he clearly testifies through Jeremiah, saying: Ephraim is my most honored son, and a tender child; for after I began to deal with him, I have always kept him in mind, and therefore my heart has grown tender over him, and in pity I will take pity on him.✦22 Every one of these words, since it is from God, was well worth pondering and valuing, and well worth consoling and softening our heart toward God, since God’s own heart was so moved with tenderness toward such poor creatures. Because of this same providence, after the name of Father, he also calls himself "shepherd," just as he is called in his Gospel. And to show how far the love and care of this pastoral providence reached, he said these words: I am the good shepherd, and I know my sheep, and they know me. In what way, Lord, do you know them? With what eyes do you look upon them? "With the eyes," he says, "with which my Father looks on me and I on him—with those I look on my sheep, and they look on me."23 O blessed eyes! O happy sight! O happy providence! So what greater glory or treasure could anyone desire than to be looked upon by the Son of God with such eyes—the same eyes with which his Father looks upon him?✦ For although the comparison is not equal in every way—since the natural Son deserves more than the adoptive children—still it is glory great enough that it should be such as to deserve comparison with this.24 But as for what the works and benefits of this providence are, God declares and promises them most fully and most elegantly through the prophet Ezekiel, saying: I will seek my sheep and visit them; as a shepherd visits his flock when he finds it gone astray, so will I visit my sheep, and I will bring them out from every place where they were wandering astray on the day of cloud and darkness.✦25 And I will take them out from among the peoples, and gather them from various lands, and bring them to their own land, and feed them on the mountains of Israel, by the rivers and in every place of the land.✦26 I will feed them in the richest pastures—on the high mountains of Israel—where they will rest on the green grass and be fed in very plentiful pastures.✦ I will feed my sheep and give them restful sleep, says the Lord.✦ I will seek what was lost, recover what was stolen, bind up what is broken, strengthen what is weak, and guard what is strong; and I will feed them in judgment—that is, with great care and providence.✦27 And a little further down he adds at once, saying: And I will make with them a covenant of peace, and I will drive off all the evil beasts of the land; and those who dwell in the wilderness will be safe in the woods.✦28 And when they are settled around my hill, I will pour out my blessing on them; I will send the waters—rains in their season—which will be blessed, meaning they will be wholesome and helpful, not harmful to the pastures of the flock. So far, those are the words of Ezekiel. Tell me now, then: What more was there to promise, or with what sweeter, more loving, and more elegant words could all of this be set before us? For it is certain that the Lord is not speaking here of a material flock, but of the spiritual one—which is human beings, as the same text expressly says—and still less is he promising grass and an abundance of temporal goods, which are common to the good and the bad, but an abundance of favors and graces and special providences, by which God rules and governs this spiritual flock in the manner of a shepherd, as he himself explains through Isaiah, saying: Like a shepherd he will feed his flock, and with his arm he will gather the lambs and carry them in his bosom; and the ewes that have given birth and those that are with young he himself will carry on his shoulders.29 So what could be more tender or sweeter than this? The entire divine psalm beginning with 'Dominus regit me'—which Saint Jerome translates more clearly as 'Dominus pastor meus est'—treats these same duties and benefits of a shepherd. Once that opening is established, the psalm continues through all the duties of a shepherd, which I won't list here, as anyone who wants to can read and understand them for themselves.30 And just as he is called "shepherd" because he rules us, so also "king" because he defends us, and "teacher" because he teaches us, and "physician" because he heals us, and "master" because he carries us in his arms, and "guardian" because of the care he takes to watch over us and keep us safe; with all these names the whole of divine Scripture is filled.31 But among all these names, the most tender, the most endearing, and the one that most fully reveals this providence is the name "bridegroom," by which he is called in the Song of Songs and in many other places in Scripture.32 And so he invites the sinner's soul to wants to call him, saying: At least now call me My Father, and guide of my virginity.✦33 This is the name the Apostle celebrates with great emphasis, because after those words the first man spoke to the first woman—'For this reason a man will leave father and mother and cling to his wife, and the two will become one flesh'—the Apostle adds: 'This is a great Sacrament,' understanding it as I do of Christ and of the Church, who is His bride; and so it is also, in its own way, of every soul that is in grace.✦ So what can't we hope for from the One who has a name like this, since He doesn't have it for nothing? But what’s the point of hunting through the Holy Scriptures for one name here and another there, when every name that promises some good belongs to this Lord? For whoever loves him and seeks him will find in him everything they desire. That is why Saint Ambrose says in a sermon: "We have all things in Christ, and Christ is all of them to us."✦34 If you want to be healed of your wounds, he is the physician; if you burn with fever, he is the spring; if the burden of your sins weighs on you, he is justice; if you fear death, he is life; if you want to flee the darkness, he is light; if you long to go to heaven, he is the way; if you need food, he is your sustenance."✦✦35 So look, brother: how many kinds of names this Lord has—who in himself is one and utterly simple—because although he is one in himself, to us he is all things for the healing of our countless needs.✦36 At this rate, we would never finish listing all the authorities that appear in the divine Scriptures on this matter. But I have cited these to comfort and encourage those who serve God, and to draw those who don't into his service—for it is certain that under heaven there is no greater treasure than this. For this reason, just as those who have served kings on great campaigns under their commands and letters—in which great rewards are promised them for these labors—keep those letters with every care, and with them take heart and rejoice in those very labors, and with them later claim the reward for their service, so the servants of God keep in their heart all these divine words and warrants, far more certain than any from the kings of the earth: in them they place their hope; with them they strengthen themselves in their labors; by them they trust in their dangers; with them they find comfort in their distress; to them they turn in all their needs; they kindle them with love for such a Lord and bind them to give themselves entirely to his service, since he so faithfully promises to put himself wholly at their good, being everything to them in all things.✦37 It seems, then, that one of the chief foundations of the Christian life is the practical knowledge of this truth. So tell me now, I beg you: is it possible to imagine anything richer, more precious, and more worth prizing and desiring than this? And can you imagine any greater good in this life than having God as father, mother, shepherd, physician, teacher, tutor, wall of defense, defender, champion, and—what is more—spouse, and finally, everything? What does the world have that it can give its lovers that equals this? So how much reason those who possess this good have to rejoice, take comfort, take heart, and glory in him above everything else! "Rejoice in the Lord, you just," says the Prophet, "and glory in him, all you upright of heart."✦ It is as if he were saying more plainly: "Let others rejoice in the world's riches and honors, others in the nobility of their lineages, others in the favors and intimate privileges of princes, others in the preeminence of their offices and dignities; but you who claim to have God as your own—who is your inheritance and your possession—rejoice and glory more truly in this good, since it is as much greater than all the others as God is greater than all things."38 David himself confesses this expressly in a psalm, saying: Deliver me, Lord, from the hands of those outside your service and your house, who have a mouth only to speak vanity, and an arm only to work wickedness; whose sons in their youth go about flourishing and fresh like new trees just planted; whose daughters go adorned and dressed up like temples; whose storehouses are full and stocked with every good; whose sheep are fat and full of young. They counted blessed the people full of all these goods; but I say that blessed is the people that has the Lord for its God.✦ Why, David?39 "The reason is very clear: because in him alone they possess a good in whom everything that can be desired is found. So let others glory in all these things—but I, though a very rich and very powerful king, will glory in him alone."✦ That is how the holy prophet gloried when he said: I will rejoice in the Lord, and I will take joy in God my Savior, because He is my God and my strength, and the one who will make my feet as light as a deer's so I can run the paths of this life without stumbling, and who will set me walking on the high mountains, singing psalms and praises to Him.✦40 This, then, is the treasure; this is the glory that is.41 prepared in this world for those who serve God.42 This is one of the great reasons everyone should want to serve Him, and one of the most just complaints He has against those who don't—since He is such a good Lord and such a faithful helper and defender to them. And with this complaint he sent the prophet Jeremiah to complain of his people, saying: What harshness did your fathers find in me? Why did they turn away from me and pursue vanity, becoming vain themselves? .43 And further on: Have I been a barren land to this people—late and unfruitful?44 As if he were saying: “Clearly not, since so many victories and prosperities have come to them by my hand.” So why has this people said: We have already withdrawn from your service, and we no longer want to return to you? Can a young woman forget the finest of her ornaments, or the sash with which she binds her breast?✦ So why has my people forgotten me for so many days, when I am all their ornament, their glory, and their beauty?✦ . So if God complained of those people in the time of the Law, when his favors were more limited, how much more reason does he have to complain now, when they are so much greater as they are more spiritual and divine?45

The Judgment of the Wicked

God's providence toward the wicked is a withdrawal of his grace and a turning of his gaze toward judgment.

II. On the manner of the providence God has over the wicked, as punishment for their wickedness And if love of this most blessed providence that the good enjoy doesn't move us enough, then let at least the fear of the providence—if it can even be called that—which God has toward the wicked move us: which is to measure them by their own measure and treat them according to the forgetfulness and contempt they show his majesty, forgetting those who forget him and despising those who despise him.✦ To make this clearer and more tangible, he commanded the prophet Hosea to marry a promiscuous woman, to illustrate the spiritual fornication into which the people had fallen after abandoning their rightful Spouse and Lord.✦46 He ordered that a son born to him from this marriage be given a Hebrew name meaning "You are not my people," to show that because they neither acknowledged nor served him as God through their sins, he would neither acknowledge nor treat them as his people.✦ And in confirmation of the same judgment he adds a little further on: "Judge your mother, judge her, for she is not my wife, and I am not her husband"—making known that just as she had not kept faith with him, so he would not show her the love and providence of a true husband.✦47 Do you see, then, how openly this Lord teaches us that he measures each person by their own measure, acting toward man just as man acts toward him?✦ This is how the wicked live—as people forgotten by God. They stand in the world like property without an owner, a school without a teacher, a ship without a rudder, and finally like strayed livestock without a shepherd, which never escapes the wolves. So God says to them through the prophet Zechariah: I no longer want the charge of pasturing you; what dies, let it die; what they kill, let them kill it; and as for the rest, let them devour one another bite by bite.✦ He meant the same thing in the song of Moses, saying: I will turn my eyes away from them, and I will look on the miseries and calamities in which they will finally end up, without providing them any remedy. But he declares this kind of providence still more fully through Isaiah, speaking of his people under the name of a vineyard, against which—because after it had been worked and cultivated with many benefits it had not come through with the fruit that was due—he pronounces this sentence, saying: I want to make plain to you what I will do with this vineyard of mine: I will take away its hedge, and it will be plundered; I will tear down its wall, and it will be trampled underfoot; and I will make it left like a deserted land. It won't be pruned or dug; it will be overgrown with briars and thorns; and I will command the clouds not to rain on it—that is, I will take away all the helps and effective aids I had provided, which will lead to its total fall and destruction. Does it seem to you, then, that this kind of providence is something to dread? So tell me: what greater danger or misery is there than to live outside the fatherly care and providence of God, left exposed to every assault of the world and every calamity or injury of this life? For since this world is, on the one hand, a stormy sea, a wilderness full of so many bandits and wild beasts, and there are so many disasters and mishaps in human life, so many and such strong enemies that attack us, so many and such hidden snares set for us, and so many thorns sown on every side, and on the other hand man is so frail a creature, so bare, so blind, so unarmed, and so poor in strength and counsel—if he lacks this shelter and this support and favor of God, what will the weak one do among so many who are strong?4849 the dwarf50 among so many giants? the blind man among so many snares? and the one alone and unarmed among so many and such powerful enemies? But it doesn't stop there; this providence isn't content just to turn its eyes away from the wicked—which leads to them falling into all kinds of pain and hardship—but actually brings those things upon them and seeks them out. So the eyes that once watched for their good now watch for their punishment, as he clearly testified through Amos: I will set my eyes upon them, but this will be for their harm, and not for their good. It is as if he had said it more clearly: The providence I had over them will be so completely turned that I, who used to look on them to defend them, will now look on them to punish them and give them the payment their wickedness deserves.51 He declared it even more clearly through the prophet Hosea: I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like woodworm to Israel, to keep punishing and destroying them just as clothes are destroyed by a moth. And because this kind of persecution seemed slow and mild, he adds another that is swifter and fiercer: I will be like a lioness to Ephraim, and like a young lioness to Judah. I will go, I will seize them, and I will take them, and there will be no one to free them from my hands.✦ So what greater misery do you want than this? And no less clear a witness of this kind of providence is what we read in the prophet Amos, where after God has said he would put all the wicked to the sword for the sins of their greed, he goes on and says: And let those who flee not think they will escape my hands, for if they go down as far as hell, from there my hand will pull them out; and if they climb up on high, from there I will cast them down; and if they climb to the very top of Mount Carmel, there I will search them out and seize them; and if they hide from my eyes in the depths of the sea, there I will send the serpent, and it will bite them; and if they are taken captive to the land of their enemies, there I will send the sword, and it will kill them; and I will set my eyes on them for their harm, and not for their good. So far, those are the prophet's words. So tell me now: What man is there who, reading these words and remembering that they are God's, and seeing what kind of providence he has over the wicked, does not shudder through and through at how powerful an enemy he has against him—one who with such great care and diligence seeks him out, surrounds him, cuts off every path, and keeps watch for his destruction? How will he have rest? How will he eat a bite that tastes good to him, with such eyes, such fury, such a pursuer, and such an arm against him?52 For if it is so great an evil to lack the Lord's favor and providence, how much greater will it be to have turned the weapons of that same providence against yourself—and that the sword which was drawn against your enemies should turn against you, and the eyes that watched to defend you should now watch to destroy you, and the arm that was meant to uphold you should now be for casting you down, and the heart that thought over you thoughts of peace and love should now think thoughts of afflictions and pain, and he who was to be your shield, your shade, and your shelter should now become a moth to consume you and a lion to tear you apart? How can anyone sleep securely who knows that while he sleeps, God is like that rod of Jeremiah, watching for his punishment and affliction? .53 What counsel is there against this counsel? What arm against this arm? And what providence against this providence? As it is written in Job, who has ever taken up arms against God, resisted him, and still found peace?✦ . Finally, this evil is of such a kind, and so great, that one of the heaviest punishments with which God usually punishes or threatens the wicked in this life is to lift from them the hand of his fatherly providence, as he himself testifies in many places in Holy Scripture. In one place he says: My people wouldn't hear my voice or have regard for me; so I, too, refused to have regard for them as I once did, and I allowed them to be carried away by the desires of their heart—from which it follows that they go from bad to worse every day.✦ And through the prophet Hosea he says: You have forgotten the law of your God; I, too, will forget your children.✦ So then, just as one of the worst things that can happen to a woman is for her good husband to give her a bill of divorce and let her go; and to a vineyard, for its master to abandon it and stop working it, because it soon turns from vineyard into wild scrub—so one of the worst things that can happen to a soul is for God to lift his hand from it. For what can a soul without God be, if not a vineyard without a vinedresser, a garden without a gardener, a ship without a pilot, an army without a captain, and a commonwealth without a head—or, better said, a body without a soul?54 Look then, my brother, at how God surrounds you on every side, and how reason surrounds you as well; for if the love and desire for that fatherly providence aren't enough to move your heart, let at least the fear of this abandonment move you, because those whom the desire for good things often fails to move, the fear of great evils often does.

Read the original Spanish

Pues, entre estos privilegios y favores, el primero y más principal —del cual, como de una fuente caudalosa, manan todos los otros— es la providencia y cuidado paternal que Dios tiene de los que le sirven. Porque, aunque él tenga general providencia de todas las criaturas, pero tiénela muy más especial de los que ha recibido por suyos; porque, como él tenga estos en lugar de hijos, y les haya dado espíritu y corazón de hijos, él también, por su parte, tiene corazón de Padre amantísimo para con ellos, y conforme a este amor tiene cuidado y providencia dellos.

Mas, qué tan grande sea esta providencia, en ninguna manera lo podrá entender, sino el que la hubiere experimentado, o el que, con estudio y atención, hubiere leído las Escrituras Sagradas y notado con diligencia los pasos que desto tratan, porque quien así lo hiciere verá que casi toda la Escritura divina, desde el principio hasta el fin, generalmente trata desto. Ca toda ella se mueve sobre estos dos puntos, como el mundo sobre dos polos, que son pedir y prometer. En los cuales, por una parte pide Dios al hombre la obediencia y guarda de sus mandamientos, y por otra promete grandísimos premios al que los guardare, así como amenaza grandísimos castigos al que los quebrantare. La cual doctrina está de tal manera repartida, que todos los libros morales de la Escritura divina piden y prometen, y todos los historiales verifican el cumplimiento de lo uno y de lo otro, mostrando por las obras cuán diferentemente se hubo Dios con los buenos y con los malos. Mas, como Dios sea tan largo y tan magnífico, y el hombre tan flaco y tan miserable, él tan rico para prometer, y el hombre tan pobre para dar, es muy diferente la proporción que hay entre lo que pide y lo que da; porque pide poco, y da mucho, pide amor y obediencia, que él mismo nos da, y por esto nos ofrece bienes inestimables de gracia y de gloria, para esta vida y para la otra. Entre los cuales ponemos aquí, en el primer lugar, este amor y providencia paternal que él tiene de los que recibe por hijos, la cual sobrepuja a todos los amores y providencias que los padres de la tierra tienen y pueden tener a los suyos. La razón desto es porque ningún padre hasta hoy atesoró ni aparejó tan gran bien a sus hijos, cuanto Dios tiene aparejado y prometido a los suyos, que es la participación de su misma gloria; ni

trabajó tanto por ellos como él, pues por esta derramó su sangre; ni tiene tan continuo cuidado de ellos como él, pues los tiene presentes ante sus ojos y ayuda en todos sus trabajos. Así lo confiesa David, cuando dice: A mí, Señor, recibiste por mi inocencia, y me confirmaste siempre en tu presencia; esto es, nunca apartaste tus ojos de mí, por el cuidado perpetuo que de mí tienes. Y en otro salmo: Los ojos del Señor están puestos sobre los justos, y sus oídos, en las oraciones dellos. Mas su rostro airado está sobre los que hacen mal, para destruir de la tierra la memoria dellos.

Mas, porque la mayor riqueza del buen cristiano es esta providencia que Dios tiene dél, y, cuanto es mayor la certidumbre que tiene desto, tanto es mayor su alegría y confianza, será bien juntar aquí algunos testimonios de la Escritura divina, porque cada uno destos es como una cédula real y una nueva confirmación de estas tan ricas promesas y mandas del testamento de Dios. El Eclesiástico, pues, dice: Los ojos del Señor están puestos sobre los que le temen, él es su guarnición poderosa, su lugar de refugio, escudo de su defensión, amparo contra el calor del estío, sombra para el mediodía, socorro en sus peligros y ayuda en todas sus caídas; él es el que levanta sus ánimas, alumbra sus entendimientos y el que les da salud, vida y bendición. Hasta aquí son palabras del Eclesiástico, en las cuales ves cuántas maneras de oficios ejercita este Señor para con los suyos. El profeta David, en un salmo, dice: El Señor tendrá cuidado de regir y enderezar los pasos del justo, y cuando cayere, no se quebrantará, porque él pondrá debajo su mano para que no se lastime. ¡Mira tú qué podrá empecer la caída al que cae sobre una almohada tan blanda, como es la mano divina! En otro lugar dice: Muchas son las tribulaciones de los justos, mas de todas ellas los librará el Señor, porque él tiene cuenta con todos los huesos dellos, de tal manera que ni uno solo será quebrado. Mas en el santo Evangelio se encarece más esta providencia, donde dice el Salvador que no sólo tiene contados todos sus huesos, mas también todos sus cabellos, porque ni uno solo se pierda; para significar con esto la grandísima y especialísima providencia que tiene dellos, porque ¿de qué no tendrá cuidado quien lo tiene de los cabellos? Y, si esto te parece mucho, no es menos lo que significó el profeta Zacarías, diciendo: Quien a vosotros tocare, toca a mí en la lumbre de los ojos.

Harto fuera decir: «Quien tocare a vosotros, toca a mí»; pero mucho más fue decir: Quien tocare en vosotros en cualquiera parte que sea, me toca en la lumbre de los ojos.

Y no sólo por sí, sino también por el ministerio de los ángeles entiende en nuestra guarda, y así dice en un salmo: A los ángeles tiene Dios mandado de ti que te guarden en todos tus caminos y te traigan en las palmas de las manos, para que no tropiecen tus pies en alguna piedra. ¿Viste nunca tú tal coche o tal litera, como son las manos de los ángeles, para andar en ellas? Pues desta manera los santos ángeles, que son como nuestros hermanos mayores, traen en sus brazos a los justos, que son sus hermanos menores, que no saben andar por sí, sino en brazos ajenos; y en estos los traen los ángeles, no sólo en vida, sino también en muerte, como parece claro en aquel pobre Lázaro del Evangelio, que después de muerto fue llevado por mano dellos al seno de Abrahán. En otro salmo dice: El ángel del Señor anda al derredor de los que le temen, para librarlos de los peligros. Y, cuán poderosa sea esta guarda, decláralo más la translación de san Jerónimo, que en lugar de estas palabras dice así: El ángel del Señor tiene asentados sus reales al derredor de los que le temen, para librarlos. Pues ¿qué rey hay en el mundo que tal guarda traiga consigo, como esta? La cual manifiestamente se vio en el libro de los Reyes, donde, viniendo el ejército del rey de Siria a prender al profeta Eliseo, y temblando su criado de miedo, hizo el santo profeta oración a Dios, suplicando le abriese los ojos de aquel desconfiado mozo, para que viese cuánto mayor ejército tenía él en su favor, que sus contrarios; y abrió Dios los ojos del mozo, y vio todo el monte lleno de caballos y carros de fuego alrededor de Eliseo. Y esta misma guarnición es aquella de que se escribe en el libro de los Cantares, por estas palabras: ¿Qué verás tú en la Sunamites —que es figura de la Iglesia y del ánima que está en gracia—, sino compañías de reales?

—que son la guarda de los santos ángeles—. Y esto mismo significa el Esposo en el mismo libro, por otra figura, diciendo: La litera de Salomón guardan sesenta fuertes de los más esforzados de Israel, y todos ellos tienen sus espadas en las manos, y son muy diestros en pelear. Cada uno tiene la espada sobre el muslo, por los temores de la noche. Pues ¿qué es esto, sino declararnos el Espíritu Santo

por tantas figuras el recaudo que la divina providencia tiene sobre las ánimas de los justos? Porque ¿de dónde nace que un hombre, concebido en pecado, viviendo en una carne tan mal inclinada y entre tantos millares de lazos y peligros, viva muchos años sin desvarar ni un solo pensamiento que sea pecado mortal, sino desta tan grande guarda y providencia divina? La cual es tan grande, que no solamente los libra de los males y encamina a todos los bienes, sino muchas veces los mismos males, en que alguna vez por divina permisión caen, los hace materia de bienes, cuando con ellos se hacen más cautos, más humildes y más agradecidos a quien los sacó de tales peligros y les perdonó tantos pecados; porque en este sentido dice el Apóstol: Que a los que aman a Dios todas las cosas les ayudan y sirven para su bien.

Y, si estos favores son dignos de grande admiración, mucho más lo es que no sólo tiene Dios esta cuenta con sus siervos, sino también con sus hijos y descendientes y con todo lo que toca a ellos, como el mismo Señor lo testificó, diciendo: Yo soy Señor, Dios fuerte y celoso, que visito la maldad de los padres en los hijos, hasta la tercera y cuarta generación, y uso de misericordia en millares de generaciones con aquellos que me aman y guardan mis mandamientos. Así lo mostró él con David, cuyos hijos, a cabo de tantos años, no quiso destruir, aunque lo merecían muchas veces sus pecados, por respeto de su padre David. Y así lo mostró también con Abrahán, a cuyos hijos tantas veces perdonó por amor de sus padres. Y al mismo Ismael, que era hijo de esclava, prometió de multiplicar y engrandecer en la tierra, por ser hijo de Abrahán. Y hasta su mismo criado enderezó en el camino y negocio que llevaba a cargo de buscar mujer para el hijo de su señor, porque era criado dél. Y no sólo tuvo respeto al criado por amor del buen señor, pero, lo que más es, aun al señor malo, por amor del buen criado. Y así leemos haber hecho él grandes mercedes a su amo de José, que era idólatra, por amor del santo mozo que tenía en su casa. Pues ¿qué mayor benignidad y providencia, que esta?

¿Quién no se determinará de servir a un Señor tan largo, tan fiel y tan agradecido para con todos los que le sirven y para con todas sus cosas?

I. De los nombres que en la Escritura divina se atribuyen a nuestro Señor por razón desta providencia

Pues, como esta divina providencia se extienda a tantos y tan maravillosos efectos, por eso tiene Dios en la Escritura divina muchos y diversos nombres. Pero el más celebrado y más usado es llamarle «padre», como lo llama su amantísimo Hijo a cada paso en el Evangelio; y no sólo en el Evangelio, más también en muchos lugares del Viejo Testamento, como lo significó el Profeta en el salmo, cuando dijo: De la manera que el padre se compadece de sus hijos, así se compadece el Señor de todos los que le temen, porque él conoce la flaqueza de nuestra humanidad.

Y, porque aún le parecía poco a otro profeta llamar a Dios «padre», pues su amor y providencia sobrepuja a la de todos los padres, dijo estas palabras: Señor, vos sois nuestro Padre, y Abrahán no nos conoció, e Israel no tuvo que ver con nosotros; dando a entender que estos, que eran padres carnales, no merecían este nombre, en comparación de Dios. Mas, porque entre estos amores de padres, el de las madres suele ser o más vehemente, o más tierno, no se contenta este Señor con llamarse «padre», sino llámase también «madre», y más que madre; y así dice él por Isaías estas dulcísimas palabras: ¿Qué madre hay que se olvide de su hijo chiquito y que no tenga corazón para apiadarse de lo que salió de sus entrañas? Pues, si fuere posible que haya alguna madre en quien pueda caber este olvido, en mí nunca jamás cabrá, porque en mis manos te tengo escrito, y tus muros están siempre delante de mí. Pues ¿qué palabras de mayor ternura y providencia que estas? ¿Quién será tan ciego, tan desconfiado, que no se alegre, que no resucite y levante cabeza con tales prendas de tal providencia y amor? Porque, quien considerare que el que estas palabras dice es Dios, cuya verdad no puede faltar, cuyas riquezas no tienen término, cuyo poder es infinito, ¿qué temerá? , ¿qué no esperará? , ¿cómo no se alegrará con tales palabras?

, ¿con tales prendas? , ¿con tal providencia? , ¿y con tal significación de amor?

Pues pasa el negocio aún más adelante, porque, no contento este Señor con comparar este su amor con el vulgar y común amor de las madres, escogió una, entre todas ellas, que es la más afamada en este amor, la cual, según dicen, es el águila; y con el desta comparó su amor y providencia, diciendo:

De la manera que lo hace el águila, así este Señor defendió su nido y amó sus hijos, y así extendió sus alas y los puso encima dellas, y los trajo sobre sus hombros. Lo cual aún más abiertamente declaró el mismo profeta al mismo pueblo, después de llegado a la tierra de promisión, diciendo: Hate traído el Señor, en todo este camino por do has caminado, de la manera que un padre trae un hijo chiquito en sus brazos, hasta ponerte en este lugar.

Λ Y, así como él toma para sí nombre de padre y de madre, así también da a nosotros nombre de «hijos», y de hijos muy regalados; como claramente lo testifica él por Jeremías, diciendo: Hijo mío muy honrado es Efraim, y niño delicado; porque, después que comencé a tratar con él, siempre he tenido memoria dél, y por tanto mis entrañas se han enternecido sobre él, y apiadado, me apiadaré dél. Cada palabra destas, pues es de Dios, era mucho para ponderar y para estimar, y para regalar y enternecer nuestro corazón para con Dios, pues así se enterneció el de Dios para con tan pobres criaturas.

Y por razón desta misma providencia, después del nombre de padre, se llama él también «pastor», como se llama en su Evangelio. Y, para declarar hasta dónde llegaba el amor y cuidado desta providencia pastoral, dijo estas palabras: Yo soy buen pastor, y conozco a mis ovejas, y ellas conocen a mí. ¿De qué manera, Señor, las conocéis? , ¿con qué ojos las miráis? «Con los ojos —dice él— que mi Padre mira a mí y yo a él, con esos miro yo a mis ovejas, y ellas miran a mí». ¡Oh bienaventurados ojos! , ¡oh dichosa vista! , ¡oh dichosa providencia!

Pues ¿qué mayor gloria, qué mayor tesoro puede nadie desear, que ser mirado del Hijo de Dios con tales ojos, que es con los ojos que su Padre mira a él? Porque, aunque la comparación no sea igual en todo, pues más merece el hijo natural que los adoptivos, pero asaz es grande gloria ser ella tal, que merezca ser comparada con esta. Mas cuáles sean las obras y beneficios desta providencia, declara y promete Dios copiosísima y elegantísimamente por el profeta Ezequiel, diciendo así: Yo buscaré mis ovejas y las visitaré; de la manera que visita el pastor su ganado cuando lo halla descarriado, así visitaré yo mis ovejas, y las sacaré de todos los lugares por donde andaban descarriadas en el día de la nube y de la escuridad. Y sacarlas he de entre los pueblos, y juntarlas he de diversas tierras, y traerlas he a la suya, y apacentarlas he en los montes de Israel, en los ríos y en todos los lugares de la tierra. Y apacentarlas he en abundantísimos pastos, que será en los montes altos de Israel, donde descansarán sobre las yerbas verdes, y serán apacentadas en pastos muy abundosos. Yo apacentaré mis ovejas y les daré sueño reposado, dice el Señor. Yo buscaré lo perdido y recobraré lo hurtado, y ataré lo que estuviere quebrado, y esforzaré lo flaco, y guardaré lo que estuviere fuerte; y apacentarlas he en juicio, que es con grande recaudo y providencia. Y un poco más abajo añade luego, diciendo: Y haré con ellas un contrato de paz, y ojearé todas las malas bestias de la tierra; y los que moran en el desierto estarán seguros en los bosques.

Y, puestas al derredor de mi collado, derramaré sobre ellas mi bendición; y enviaré las aguas, lluvias a su tiempo, las cuales serán benditas, esto es, saludables y provechosas, y no dañosas a los pastos del ganado. Hasta aquí son palabras de Ezequiel. Dime ahora, pues: ¿Qué más había que prometer, ni con qué más dulces y amorosas y elegantes palabras se pudiera todo esto representar? Porque es cierto que ni habla el Señor aquí del ganado material, sino del espiritual (que son los hombres, como el mismo texto expresamente lo dice), ni menos promete yerbas y abundancia de bienes temporales, que son comunes a buenos y malos, sino abundancia de favores y gracias, y providencias especiales, con las cuales rige Dios y gobierna este espiritual ganado a manera de pastor, como él mismo lo explica por Isaías, diciendo: Así como pastor apacentará su ganado, y con su brazo juntará los corderos y los traerá en su seno; y las ovejas paridas y preñadas él las llevará sobre sus hombros. Pues ¿qué cosa más tierna ni más dulce que esta? De estos mismos oficios y beneficios de pastor habla y trata todo aquel divino salmo, que comienza: Dominus regit me; en lugar de las cuales palabras traslada san Jerónimo más claramente: Dominus pastor meus est, y propuesto este principio, prosigue luego en todo el salmo todos los oficios de pastor; los cuales no pongo aquí, porque quien quiera los podrá por sí leer y entender.

Y de la manera que se llama «pastor», porque nos rige, así también «rey», porque nos defiende, y «maestro», porque nos enseña, y «médico», porque nos cura, y «amo», porque nos trae en sus brazos, y «guarda», por el cuidado que tiene de velar sobre nosotros y guardarnos; de los cuales nombres están llenas todas las Escrituras divinas. Mas entre todos estos nombres, el más tierno, y el más regalado, y que más descubre esta providencia, es el nombre de «esposo», con que se llama en el libro de los Cantares y en otros muchos lugares de la Escritura. Y así convida él al ánima del pecador que lo

quiera llamar, diciendo: Siquiera ahora me llama Padre mío, y guía de mi virginidad. El cual nombre celebra el Apóstol con grande encarecimiento, porque después de aquellas palabras que dijo el primer hombre a la primera mujer, conviene saber: Por esto dejará el hombre padre y madre, y allegarse ha a su mujer, y serán dos en una carne, añade el Apóstol y dice: Este sacramento es grande, entendiendo como yo lo entiendo de Cristo y de la Iglesia, que es esposa suya; y así lo es también, en su manera, de cualquiera de las ánimas que están en gracia. Pues ¿qué no se podrá esperar de quien tal nombre como este tiene, pues no lo tiene de balde?

Λ Mas ¿para qué es andar buscando en las Escrituras Sagradas un nombre de aquí, otro de allí, pues los nombres que de sí prometen algún bien competen a este Señor, pues quienquiera que le ama y le busca hallará en él todo lo que desea? Por lo cual dice san Ambrosio en un sermón: «Todas las cosas tenemos en Cristo y todas ellas nos es Cristo. Si deseas ser curado de tus llagas, médico es; si ardes con calenturas, fuente es; si te fatiga la carga de los pecados, justicia es; si temes la muerte, vida es; si quieres huir de las tinieblas, luz es; si deseas ir al cielo, camino es; si tienes necesidad de manjar, mantenimiento es». Cata aquí, pues, hermano, cuántas maneras de nombres tiene este Señor, que en sí es uno y simplicísimo, porque, aunque sea uno en sí, a nosotros es todas las cosas para remedio de todas nuestras necesidades, que son innumerables.

No acabaríamos, a este paso, de referir todas las autoridades que sobre esta materia se ofrecen en las Escrituras divinas. Mas estas he referido para consuelo y esfuerzo de los que sirven a Dios, y para atraer con ellas a su servicio a los que no le sirven, pues es cierto que ningún tesoro hay debajo del cielo mayor que este. Por donde, así como los que han servido a los reyes en algunas grandes jornadas por mandamientos y cartas suyas, en que se les prometen grandes premios por estos trabajos, guardan estas cartas con todo recaudo, y con ellas se animan y alegran en esos mismos trabajos, y con ellas piden después la remuneración de sus servicios, así los siervos de Dios guardan dentro de su corazón todas estas palabras y cédulas divinas, muy más ciertas que todas las de los reyes de la tierra: en ellas tienen su esperanza, con ellas se esfuerzan en sus trabajos, por ellas confían en sus peligros, con ellas se consuelan en sus angustias, a ellas recurren en todas sus necesidades, ellas los encienden en el amor de tal Señor y les obligan a entregarse del todo a su servicio, pues él tan fielmente les promete de emplearse todo en su provecho, siéndoles todo en todas las cosas. En lo cual parece que uno de los principales fundamentos de la vida cristiana es el conocimiento práctico desta verdad.

Pues ¿dime ahora, ruégote, si es posible imaginarse cosa alguna más rica, más preciosa y más para estimar y desear, que esta; y si se puede imaginar en esta vida algún mayor bien, que tener a Dios por padre, por madre, por pastor, por médico, por maestro, por ayo, por muro, por defensor, por valedor, y, lo que es más, por esposo, y, finalmente, por todas las cosas? ¿Qué tiene el mundo que poder dar a sus amadores, que iguale con esto? Pues ¡cuánta razón tienen los que este bien poseen para alegrarse, consolarse, esforzarse y gloriarse en él sobre todas las cosas! Alegraos —dice el Profeta— en el Señor los justos, y gloriaos en él todos los rectos de corazón. Como si más claramente dijera: «Alégrense los otros en las riquezas y honras del mundo, otros en la nobleza de sus linajes, otros en los favores y privanzas de los príncipes, otros en la preeminencia de sus oficios y dignidades; mas vosotros, que presumís tener a Dios por vuestro, que es vuestra heredad y vuestra posesión, alegraos y gloriaos más de verdad en este bien, pues es tanto mayor que todos los otros, cuanto es más Dios que todas las cosas». Así lo confiesa expresamente David en un salmo, diciendo: Líbrame, Señor, de las manos de los que están fuera de tu servicio y de tu casa, los cuales no tienen boca, sino para hablar vanidad, ni brazo, sino para obrar maldad; cuyos hijos andan en su juventud lozanos y frescos, como los árboles nuevos y recién plantados; cuyas hijas andan ataviadas y compuestas a manera de templos; cuyas despensas están llenas y abastadas de todos los bienes; cuyas ovejas están gordas y llenas de hijos. Por bienaventurado tuvieron al pueblo lleno de todos estos bienes; mas yo digo que bienaventurado el pueblo que tiene al Señor por su Dios. ¿Por qué, David?

«La razón está muy clara: Porque, en él solo, posee un bien en quien está todo lo que se puede desear. Por tanto, gloríense los otros en todas estas cosas, mas yo, aunque muy rico y muy poderoso rey, en él solo me gloriaré». Así se gloriaba aquel santo profeta, que decía: Yo me gozaré en el Señor, y alegrarme he en Dios, mi Salvador, porque él es mi Dios y mi fortaleza, y el que hará mis pies ligeros como los de los ciervos, para correr sin tropiezo por los caminos desta vida, y hará que ande yo sobre los altos montes, cantándole salmos y alabanzas. Este es, pues, el tesoro, esta la gloria que está

aparejada en este mundo para los que sirven a Dios. Y esta es una de las grandes razones que hay para que todos le deseen servir, y una de las justísimas querellas que él tiene contra los que no le sirven, siendo él tan buen Señor y tan fiel ayudador y defensor dellos. Y con esta queja envió al profeta Jeremías a quejarse de su pueblo, diciendo: ¿Qué aspereza hallaron vuestros padres en mí? ¿Por qué se alejaron de mí y se fueron en pos de la vanidad y se hicieron vanos? . Y más abajo: ¿Por ventura he sido yo a este pueblo tierra yerma, y tardía, y desaprovechada? Como si dijese: «Claro está que no, pues tantas vitorias y prosperidades les han venido por mi mano». Pues ¿por qué ha dicho este pueblo: Ya nos habemos apartado de tu servicio y no queremos más volver a ti?

¿Por ventura olvidarse ha la doncella del más hermoso de sus atavíos y de la faja con que se ciñe los pechos? Pues ¿por qué mi pueblo se ha olvidado de mí por tantos días, siendo yo todo su ornamento, su gloria y su hermosura? . Pues, si de aquellos se quejaba Dios en el tiempo de la ley, donde las mercedes eran más cortas, ¿cuánto más razón tendrá ahora de quejarse, cuando son tanto más largas, cuanto más espirituales y más divinas?

II. De la manera de la providencia que tiene Dios de los malos,

para castigo de sus maldades

Y, si no nos mueve tanto el amor desta felicísima providencia de que gozan los buenos, muévanos siquiera el temor de la providencia, si así se puede llamar, que tiene Dios de los malos; la cual es medirlos con su propia medida y tratarlos conforme al olvido y menosprecio que tienen de su majestad, olvidándose de los que le olvidan y despreciando a los que le desprecian. Y, para significar esto más palpablemente, mandó al profeta Oseas que se casase con una mujer fornicaria, para dar a entender la fornicación espiritual en que había caído aquel pueblo que había desamparado a su legítimo Esposo y Señor. Y a un hijo que deste matrimonio le nació mandó poner por nombre una palabra hebrea que quiere decir «No mi pueblo vosotros», para dar a entender que, pues ellos con sus pecados no le reconocieron ni sirvieron como Dios, él tampoco los reconocería y trataría como a pueblo. Y, en confirmación de la misma sentencia, añade luego más abajo: Juzgad a vuestra madre, juzgadla, porque ni ella es mi mujer ni yo soy su marido; dando a entender que, así como ella no le había guardado fe, así él no tendría para con ella el amor y providencia de verdadero marido. ¿Ves, pues, cuán abiertamente nos enseña aquí este Señor cómo mide a cada uno con su misma medida, siendo tal para con el hombre, como el hombre es para con él?

Pues desta manera viven los malos, como olvidados de Dios, y así están en el mundo como hacienda sin dueño, como escuela sin maestro, como navío sin gobernalle, y, finalmente, como ganado descarriado sin pastor, que nunca escapa de lobos; y así les dice Dios por el profeta Zacarías: No quiero ya tener más cargo de apacentaros; lo que muriere, muérase; y lo que mataren, mátenlo; y los demás, que se coman a bocados unos a otros. Y lo mismo significó en el cántico de Moisés, diciendo: Apartaré mis ojos dellos, y estarme he mirando las miserias y calamidades en que finalmente han de parar, sin proveerles de remedio.

Pero aún más copiosamente declara él esta manera de providencia por Isaías, hablando de su pueblo en nombre de viña, contra la cual —porque después de labrada y cultivada con muchos beneficios no había acudido con el fruto que era razón— pronuncia él esta sentencia, diciendo: Quiero declararos lo que yo haré con esta mi viña: Quitarle he el vallado, y será robada; derribarle he la cerca, y será hollada; y haré que quede como una tierra desierta. No será podada ni cavada; cubrirse ha de zarzas y espinas; y a las nubes mandaré que no lluevan sobre ella; esto es, quitarle he todos los socorros y ayudas eficaces de que la había proveído, de donde se seguirá su total caída y destrucción. ¿Parécete, pues, que es mucho para recelar tal manera de providencia?

Pues dime ahora: ¿Qué mayor peligro y qué mayor miseria que vivir fuera de esta tutela y providencia paternal de Dios, y quedar expuesto a todos los encuentros del mundo y a todas las calamidades e injurias desta vida? Porque, como este mundo sea, por una parte, un mar tempestuoso, un desierto lleno de tantos salteadores y bestias fieras, y sean tantos los desastres y acaecimientos de la vida humana, tantos y tan fuertes los enemigos que nos combaten, tantos y tan ciegos los lazos que nos arman, y tantos los abrojos que nos tienen por todas partes sembrados, y por otra parte, el hombres sea una criatura tan flaca, y tan desnuda, tan ciega, tan desarmada, y tan pobre de esfuerzo y de consejo, si le falta esta sombra y este arrimo y favor de Dios, ¿qué hará el flaco entre tantos fuertes? , ¿el enano

entre tantos gigantes? , ¿el ciego entre tantos lazos? , ¿y el solo y desarmado entre tantos y tan poderosos enemigos?

Pues aún no para el negocio en esto, porque no se contenta esta providencia con desviar sus ojos de los malos, de donde se sigue que caían en tantas maneras de penas y trabajos, mas antes ella misma los acarrea y procura. De tal manera que los ojos que antes velaban para su provecho, ahora velen para su castigo, como claramente lo testificó él por Amós, diciendo: Pondré mis ojos sobre ellos, mas esto será para su mal, y no para su bien. Como si más claramente dijera. «Trocarse ha de tal manera la providencia que tenía dellos, que yo, que antes los miraba para defenderlos, ahora los miraré para castigarlos y darles el pago que sus maldades merecen». Así lo declaró aún más expresamente por el profeta Oseas, diciendo: Yo seré como polilla de Efraín, y como carcoma de Israel, para los ir castigando y destruyendo, como se destruye la ropa con la polilla. Y, porque esta manera de persecución parecía prolija y blanda, añade luego otra más acelerada y furiosa, diciendo: Yo seré como leona a Efraín, y como cachorra de leona a Judá. Yo iré, y los prenderé, y los tomaré, y no habrá quien los libre de mis manos. Pues ¿qué mayor miseria quieres que esta?

Y no es menos claro testimonio deste linaje de providencia el que leemos en el profeta Amós, en el cual, después de haber dicho Dios que había de matar a espada todos los malos por los pecados de su avaricia, añade luego, y dice así: Y no piensen escapar de mis manos lo que huyen, porque, si descendieren hasta el infierno, de allí los sacará mi mano; y si subieren a lo alto, de allí los derribaré; y si subieren a lo más alto del monte Carmelo, ahí los buscaré y los tomaré; y si se escondieren de mis ojos en el profundo del mar, ahí mandaré a la serpiente, y morderlos ha; y si fueren cautivos a tierra de sus enemigos, ahí mandaré al cuchillo, y matarlos ha; y pondré mis ojos sobre ellos para su mal, y no para su bien. Hasta aquí son palabras del Profeta. Pues dime ahora: ¿Qué hombre hay que, leyendo estas palabras y acordándose que son de Dios, y viendo cuál sea esta manera de providencia que él tiene de los malos, no se estremezca todo de ver cuán poderoso enemigo tiene contra sí, el cual con tan grande estudio y diligencia le busque, y le cerque, y le tome todos los caminos, y vele para su destrucción? ¿Cómo tendrá reposo? , ¿cómo comerá bocado que bien le sepa, teniendo tales ojos, tal furor, tal perseguidor y tal brazo contra sí? Porque, si tan grande mal es carecer del favor y providencia del Señor, ¿cuánto mayor lo será haber convertido contra sí las armas desta misma providencia, y que la espada que estaba desenvainada contra tus enemigos, se vuelva contra ti, y los ojos que velaban para defenderte, velen ahora para destruirte, y el brazo que era para sostenerte, sea ahora para derribarte, y el corazón que pensaba sobre ti pensamientos de paz y de amor, piense ahora pensamientos de aflicciones y dolor, y el que había de ser tu escudo, tu sombra y tu amparo, venga a ser ahora polilla para comerte y león para despedazarte? ¿Cómo puede dormir seguro el que sabe que, cuando él duerme, está Dios como aquella vara de Jeremías, velando para su castigo y aflicción? .

¿Qué consejo habrá contra este consejo? , ¿qué brazo contra este brazo? , ¿y qué providencia contra esta providencia? ¿Quién jamás —como se escribe en Job— se puso en armas contra Dios, y le resistió, que tuviese paz? .

Finalmente, tal es, y tan grande este mal, que uno de los mayores castigos con que Dios suele castigar o amenazar a los malos en esta vida es levantar dellos la mano de su paternal providencia, como él mismo lo testifica en muchos lugares de la Santa Escritura. Porque en una parte dice: No quiso mi pueblo oír mi voz ni tener cuenta conmigo: pues yo tampoco la quise tener con él de la manera que antes la tenía, y así permití que fuesen llevados de los deseos de su corazón; de donde se seguirá que vayan cada día de mal en peor. Y por el profeta Oseas dice: Olvidástete de la ley de tu Dios: olvidarme he yo también de tus hijos. De suerte que, así como uno de los mayores males que le pueden venir a una mujer es darle su buen marido libelo de repudio y abrir mano della; y a una viña, desampararla su señor y dejar de labrarla, porque luego de viña se hace monte, así uno de los mayores males que pueden venir a un ánima es levantar Dios la mano della, porque ¿qué podrá ser un ánima sin Dios, sino una viña sin viñador, una huerta sin hortelano, un navío sin piloto, un ejército sin capitán, y una república sin cabeza, o, por mejor decir, un cuerpo sin ánima?

Cata aquí, pues, hermano mío, cómo por todas partes te cerca Dios, y te cerca esa razón; porque, si no basta para mover tu corazón el amor y deseo de aquella paternal providencia, muévate siquiera el temor deste desamparo; porque, a los que no suele mover el deseo de los bienes, mueve muchas veces el temor de grandes males.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩2Pet.1.4;Rom.8.17;1Pet.5.1 — Through these he has granted to us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may become partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world because of sinful desire. Rom.8.17 — And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. 1Pet.5.1 — So I exhort the elders among you, as a fellow elder and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and as one who shares in the glory that is about to be revealed.
  2. ↩Ps.40.13 — For evils have surrounded me without number; my iniquities have overtaken me, so that I cannot see. They are more than the hairs of my head, and my heart has forsaken me.
  3. ↩Ps.33.16 — A king is not saved by a great army; a warrior is not delivered by great strength.
  4. ↩Ps.33.17 — A horse is a false hope for deliverance, and in the abundance of its strength it cannot save.
  5. ↩Zech.2.8 — He said to him, "Run, speak to that young man, saying, 'Jerusalem shall be inhabited as unwalled villages, because of the multitude of people and livestock in her.'"
  6. ↩Ps.91.11-Ps.91.12 — For he will command his angels concerning you, to guard you in all your ways. Ps.91.12 — They will lift you up in their hands, lest you strike your foot against a stone.
  7. ↩Luke.16.22 — And it happened that the poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham's side. The rich man also died and was buried.
  8. ↩Ps.34.7 — This poor one cried out, and the LORD heard, and from all his troubles he saved him.
  9. ↩Ps.34.7 — This poor one cried out, and the LORD heard, and from all his troubles he saved him.
  10. ↩2Kgs.6.13-2Kgs.6.17 — He said, "Go and see where he is, so that I may send and take him." And it was told him, saying, "Behold, in Dothan." 2Kgs.6.14 — So he sent horses and chariots and a great force there, and they came by night and surrounded the city. 2Kgs.6.15 — When the servant of the man of God rose early in the morning and went out, behold, an army with horses and chariots was surrounding the city. His servant said to him, 'Alas, my lord! What shall we do?' 2Kgs.6.16 — And he said, "Do not fear, for those who are with us are more than those who are with them." 2Kgs.6.17 — Then Elisha prayed, "O LORD, open his eyes so that he may see." And the LORD opened the eyes of the young man, and he looked, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha.
  11. ↩Song.3.7 — Behold, the bed that is Solomon's—sixty mighty men surround it, mighty men of Israel.
  12. ↩Song.3.8 — All of them are sword-trained, skilled in battle; each man has his sword upon his thigh, against the terror of the night.
  13. ↩Exod.20.5-Exod.20.6;Deut.5.9-Deut.5.10 — You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me. Exod.20.6 — and showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments Deut.5.9 — You shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, and on the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me. Deut.5.10 — and showing steadfast love to thousands of generations of those who love me and keep my commandments." This completes the phrase aloud and strengthens the contrast with third and fourth generations in v.9.
  14. ↩1Kgs.11.12-1Kgs.11.13;2Kgs.8.19 — But in your days I will not do it, for the sake of David your father; from the hand of your son I will tear it away. 1Kgs.11.13 — Yet I will not tear away the whole kingdom; I will give one tribe to your son, for the sake of David my servant, and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen. 2Kgs.8.19 — Yet the LORD was not willing to destroy Judah, for the sake of David his servant, just as he had promised him — to give a lamp to his sons all the days.
  15. ↩Gen.17.20 — And as for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and I will make him fruitful, and I will multiply him exceedingly. He shall father twelve princes, and I will make him into a great nation.
  16. ↩Deut.32.11 — Like an eagle that stirs up its nest, that hovers over its young, He spread His wings, caught them, carried them on His pinions.
  17. ↩Deut.1.31 — and in the wilderness, where you saw how the LORD your God carried you, as a man carries his son, in all the way that you walked until you came to this place.
  18. ↩Jer.31.20 — Is Ephraim a precious son to me, or a delightful child? For as often as I speak against him, I surely remember him still. Therefore my heart yearns for him; I will surely have compassion on him, declares the LORD.
  19. ↩John.10.14-John.10.15 — I am the good shepherd, and I know my own, and my own know me. John.10.15 — Just as the Father knows me, I also know the Father, and I lay down my life for the sheep.
  20. ↩Ezek.34.11-Ezek.34.12 — For thus says the Lord God: I myself will search for my sheep and will seek them out. Ezek.34.12 — As a shepherd searches for his flock on the day he is among his scattered sheep, so I will search for my sheep. I will rescue them from all the places where they were scattered on a day of clouds and thick darkness.
  21. ↩Ezek.34.13 — I will bring them out from the peoples and gather them from the lands, and I will bring them into their own land. I will pasture them on the mountains of Israel, in the ravines, and in all the inhabited places of the earth.
  22. ↩Ezek.34.14 — In good pasture I will shepherd them, and on the mountains of Israel's heights they will lie down. There they will rest in a good fold, and on rich pasture they will graze upon the mountains of Israel.
  23. ↩Ezek.34.15 — I myself will shepherd my flock, and I myself will make them lie down, declares the Lord GOD.
  24. ↩Ezek.34.16 — I will seek the lost, and bring back the scattered, and bind up the broken, and strengthen the sick; but the fat and the strong I will destroy. I will shepherd them with justice.
  25. ↩Ezek.34.25 — I will make a covenant of peace with them, and I will put an end to the harmful beasts in the land. They will live in the wilderness in safety and sleep in the forests.
  26. ↩Jer.3.4 — Will you not from now on call me, 'My Father, you who were my companion in my youth'?
  27. ↩Gen.2.24 — Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh.
  28. ↩Col.3.11;1Cor.1.30;Col.2.3 — where there is no Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free—but Christ is all and in all. 1Cor.1.30 — But from him you are in Christ Jesus, who became wisdom for us from God—both righteousness and sanctification and redemption. Col.2.3 — in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
  29. ↩John.14.6;John.8.12;John.11.25;John.1.4-John.1.5 — Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.' John.8.12 — Again Jesus spoke to them, saying, 'I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.' John.11.25 — Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me, even if he dies, will live." John.1.4 — In him was life, and the life was the light of men. John.1.5 — And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it.
  30. ↩John.6.35 — Jesus said to them, "I am the bread of life. The one who comes to me will not hunger, and the one who believes in me will never thirst."
  31. ↩Phil.4.19;1Cor.1.30;Col.3.11 — And my God will supply every need of yours according to his riches in glory in Christ Jesus. 1Cor.1.30 — But from him you are in Christ Jesus, who became wisdom for us from God—both righteousness and sanctification and redemption. Col.3.11 — where there is no Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free—but Christ is all and in all.
  32. ↩1Cor.15.28;Col.3.11 — When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to the one who subjected all things to him, so that God may be all in all. Col.3.11 — where there is no Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, free—but Christ is all and in all.
  33. ↩Ps.32.11;Ps.34.1 — Rejoice in the LORD, O you righteous ones, and shout for joy, all you upright in heart. Ps.34.1 — Of David, when he changed his demeanor before Abimelech, who drove him away, and he departed.
  34. ↩Ps.144.15 — Happy is the people for whom it is so; happy is the people whose God is the LORD.
  35. ↩Jer.9.23-Jer.9.24;1Cor.1.31 — Thus says the LORD: Let not the wise boast in their wisdom, let not the strong boast in their strength, let not the wealthy boast in their riches. But let the one who boasts boast in this: understanding and knowing me, that I am the LORD who practices steadfast love, justice, and righteousness in the earth. For in these I delight, declares the LORD. Jer.9.24 — Behold, days are coming — declares the LORD — and I will punish all who are circumcised only in the flesh. 1Cor.1.31 — so that, as it is written, 'Let the one who boasts boast in the Lord.'
  36. ↩Hab.3.18-Hab.3.19 — But I will exult in the LORD; I will rejoice in the God of my salvation. Hab.3.19 — The LORD, my God, is my strength; he makes my feet like the deer's and causes me to walk upon my heights. For the director of music. With my stringed instruments.
  37. ↩Jer.2.32 — Can a young woman forget her ornaments, a bride her sash? Yet my people have forgotten me days without number.
  38. ↩Jer.2.32 — Can a young woman forget her ornaments, a bride her sash? Yet my people have forgotten me days without number.
  39. ↩Matt.7.2;Luke.6.38;Mark.4.24 — For with the judgment you judge, you will be judged, and with the measure you measure, it will be measured to you. Luke.6.38 — Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, overflowing, they will put into your lap. For with the measure you measure, it will be measured back to you. Mark.4.24 — And he said to them, 'Pay attention to what you hear. With the measure you use, it will be measured to you, and still more will be added to you.'
  40. ↩Hos.1.2 — When the LORD first spoke through Hosea, the LORD said to Hosea, "Go, take for yourself a wife of whoredom and children of whoredom, for the land commits great whoredom by forsaking the LORD."
  41. ↩Hos.1.9 — And he said, 'Call his name Not My People, for you are not my people, and I am not your God.'
  42. ↩Hos.2.2 — And the children of Judah and the children of Israel will be gathered together, and they will appoint for themselves one head, and they will go up from the land, for great is the day of Jezreel.
  43. ↩Matt.7.2 — For with the judgment you judge, you will be judged, and with the measure you measure, it will be measured to you.
  44. ↩Zech.11.9 — So I said, 'I will not shepherd you. Let the one who is dying die, and let the one who is perishing perish, and let the survivors devour one another's flesh.'
  45. ↩Hos.5.14 — For I am like a lion to Ephraim, and like a young lion to the house of Judah; I, I myself will tear and go away; I will carry off, and there will be no one to rescue.
  46. ↩Job.9.4 — Wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has hardened himself against him and succeeded?
  47. ↩Ps.81.11-Ps.81.12 — I am the LORD your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt; open your mouth wide, and I will fill it. Ps.81.12 — But my people did not listen to my voice, and Israel would not have me.
  48. ↩Hos.4.6 — My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I also reject you from serving as priest to me. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I also will forget your children.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Old Spanish 'Ca' (= for/because) rendered as 'For'. 'Pedir y prometer' kept as 'asking and promising' to match the demand/promise poles developed in the next sentences.
  2. 2 ↩'Se hubo Dios con' (how God conducted himself toward) rendered as 'has dealt with'.
  3. 3 ↩'Largo' here means free-handed/generous, not 'long'; 'flaco' as weak/frail.
  4. 4 ↩Source sentence is truncated at the section boundary after 'ni'; the comparison continues in GuiaPec.1.14.3.
  5. 5 ↩Continues the previous section’s comparison (ningún padre… ni…): no earthly father matches God’s labor or care for those he takes as children.
  6. 6 ↩por esta (feminine): most naturally points back to the promised share in his glory (or that paternal providence as a whole); rendered as ‘for this’ rather than forced into a different antecedent.
  7. 7 ↩Spanish cédula real is a royal writ or sealed grant; rendered as 'royal charter.' Mandas del testamento means testamentary bequests/legacies under God's covenant will.
  8. 8 ↩Lumbre de los ojos is the traditional Spanish for the biblical 'apple of the eye' (pupil); kept as the familiar English scriptural cadence.
  9. 9 ↩Spanish "lumbre de los ojos" (literally "light of the eyes") is the traditional biblical figure for the pupil—the most sensitive and precious part. Rendered with the familiar English scriptural cadence "apple of my eye" (Zech 2:8).
  10. 10 ↩coche / litera: rendered as coach and litter (palanquin), the carriage-images the author pairs with the angels' hands.
  11. 11 ↩reales: military camps/encampment (Jerome's castra reading of the psalm), not 'royals'.
  12. 12 ↩compañías de reales: camp-companies / troops of an encampment, matching the Song's army-camp image and Jerome's reales in the prior psalm.
  13. 13 ↩Esposo is the Song of Songs Bridegroom (Christ in traditional reading); litera is the royal litter/palanquin, not a written letter.
  14. 14 ↩Source sentence is incomplete at section break; it continues in GuiaPec.1.14.8.s1 ('...by so many figures the care divine providence has for the souls of the just?'). Translation renders only the supplied fragment.
  15. 15 ↩desvarar: rendered as 'slipping into' (going astray / erring); older Spanish for slipping off course.
  16. 16 ↩enderezó rendered as guided/directed (set on the right path); negocio as the practical errand/business entrusted to him.
  17. 17 ↩Early modern pero functions here as a strong corrective contrast (not only… but even), not a simple sequential 'but'.
  18. 18 ↩Classical Spanish largo here means generous/open-handed (liberal), not physically long; the triad largo–fiel–agradecido names God's liberality, faithfulness, and grateful return of favor to those who serve him.
  19. 19 ↩Early modern Spanish «más también» is adversative-additive (equivalent to «mas también» / «sino también»): rendered "but also," not "more also."
  20. 20 ↩"prendas" rendered as "pledges" (tokens/assurances of love and care), not physical jewelry.
  21. 21 ↩Hate is early-modern Spanish for Ha te (has ... you): Hate traído el Señor = The Lord has brought you.
  22. 22 ↩«hijos muy regalados» rendered as “children most cherished”: Golden Age regalado means specially cherished / treated with tender favor, not “gifted” in the modern sense.
  23. 23 ↩Granada expands John's 'know' (conocer) into reciprocal looking/gazing with the Father's eyes; the next section treats this as glory comparable to the Father's regard for the natural Son.
  24. 24 ↩«hijo natural» / «adoptivos» marks the classical distinction between Christ as natural Son and the faithful as adopted children.
  25. 25 ↩«escuridad» is older Spanish for «oscuridad» (darkness); rendered as darkness.
  26. 26 ↩«sacarlas he» etc. is older Spanish future periphrasis (he de + infinitive / inverted object-infinitive + he); rendered with modern will-futures.
  27. 27 ↩«en juicio» here is explained by Granada as careful, ordered providence («con grande recaudo y providencia»), not forensic condemnation.
  28. 28 ↩«ojearé» means to scare/drive off wild animals (ojeo); rendered as drive off.
  29. 29 ↩Spanish «gracias» rendered as «graces» (divine gifts), not «thanks», matching the collocation with favors and special providences.
  30. 30 ↩Latin psalm openings preserved as in the Spanish source (Vulgate/Jerome forms of Psalm 23 / Vulgate 22).
  31. 31 ↩Spanish «amo» here is the household master/owner (not «ama», wet-nurse). The clause «porque nos trae en sus brazos» gives the title a tender, protective force rather than mere dominion.
  32. 32 ↩Golden-Age «regalado» here means tenderly sweet/endearing, not "gifted" or "luxury-spoiled" in a modern sense.
  33. 33 ↩Continues the incomplete sentence from GuiaPec.1.14.21.s3: God as bridegroom invites the sinner's soul who wants to call him.
  34. 34 ↩Source has the older singular construction 'todas ellas nos es Cristo' (lit. 'all of them is Christ to us'); rendered as 'Christ is all of them to us' to keep Ambrose's claim that Christ himself is every good we need.
  35. 35 ↩'fuente' rendered as 'spring' (cooling water for fever), not abstract 'source'. 'justicia' kept as 'justice' (Christ as the one who sets right); 'righteousness' is also possible. 'mantenimiento' rendered as 'sustenance' rather than merely 'food', to distinguish it from 'manjar'.
  36. 36 ↩'Cata aquí' is older Spanish for 'look here / see'; 'simplicísimo' rendered as 'utterly simple' to keep the doctrine of divine simplicity without sounding technical.
  37. 37 ↩cédulas: royal warrants/written pledges; rendered 'warrants' to keep the legal-certificate metaphor of royal letters promising reward.
  38. 38 ↩Spanish 'presumís tener a Dios por vuestro' rendered as 'claim to have God as your own' (not modern 'presume' = arrogance).
  39. 39 ↩Rhetorical question posed by the author to David; the answer continues in the next section (GuiaPec.1.14.26).
  40. 40 ↩"alegrarme he" is archaic Spanish future (= me alegraré); rendered as "I will take joy." "desta vida" = de esta vida.
  41. 41 ↩Sentence is cut mid-clause at the section break; next section continues with "aparejada en este mundo para los que sirven a Dios."
  42. 42 ↩Continues GuiaPec.1.14.26.s4: 'This, then, is the treasure, this the glory that is…' — aparejada = prepared / made ready / laid up.
  43. 43 ↩Source sentence is only a period with no lexical content; likely a segmentation artifact between scripture verses.
  44. 44 ↩tierra yerma, y tardía, y desaprovechada: barren/waste land, slow or late in yield, and unprofitable/unused. Rendered as a barren land that is late and unfruitful, matching the prophetic wilderness image.
  45. 45 ↩mercedes rendered as favors (divine gifts/benefits); cortas/largas as more limited / so much greater in extent, not merely shorter/longer in time.
  46. 46 ↩mujer fornicaria rendered 'promiscuous woman' to keep modern register while preserving the parallel with spiritual fornication (fornicación espiritual); Hosea's symbolic marriage is retained as historical sign-act.
  47. 47 ↩Juzgad rendered 'Judge' to match the Spanish surface; many English Bibles render Hosea 2:2 as 'Plead with' / 'Rebuke.' Sense is a legal-prophetic charge against the unfaithful spouse/people.
  48. 48 ↩Source reads «el hombres»; translated as the intended singular «el hombre» (man / the human being).
  49. 49 ↩«ciegos los lazos» rendered as «hidden snares» (snares hard to see), not literally «blind snares»; «sombra» as protective shelter rather than mere shade; «arrimo» as support/prop.
  50. 50 ↩Section-boundary fragment continuing the rhetorical series begun in s2 («what will the weak one do among so many who are strong?») and completed in GuiaPec.1.14.35 («among so many giants?»).
  51. 51 ↩«Trocarse ha» is the older future periphrasis (se trocará): providence will reverse/turn over, not merely change slightly.
  52. 52 ↩Source opens with a leading comma leftover from rhetorical chaining with the previous question; omitted in English.
  53. 53 ↩Source sentence is only a bare period; likely a segmentation artifact with no independent content to translate.
  54. 54 ↩libelo de repudio rendered as 'bill of divorce' (the biblical/legal instrument of repudiation); abrir mano della as 'let her go' (release/abandon care).

The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores) companion

A prayer for every moment, already on your phone

Chosen Portion puts a curated historic prayer in front of you each day — so the words are there before the moment arrives.

Chosen Portion is the digital descendant of the carried prayer book: the short daily prayers this collection preserves, delivered one a day to your pocket.

  • One short, memorable prayer delivered daily — build your repertoire a card at a time
  • Prayers matched to real situations: fear, gratitude, decisions, grief, sleep
  • Save favourites into your personal pocket collection you can open anywhere
Chosen Portion — Daily Prayer (free iOS app) →