SR
← The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores)/Book 1 · Guía de pecadores, Libro Primero
Chapter 13GuiaPec.1.13

SEGUNDA PARTE DE ESTE PRIMERO LIBRO EN LA CUAL SE TRATA DE LOS BIENES ESPIRITUALES Y TEMPORALES QUE EN ESTA VIDA SE PROMETEN A LA VIRTUD, Y SEÑALADAMENTE, DE DOCE SINGULARES PRIVILEGIOS QUE TIENE Capítulo XI. Por el cual estamos obligados a seguir la virtud, por causa de los bienes inestimables que de presente se le prometen en esta vida

SEGUNDA PARTE DE ESTE PRIMERO LIBRO EN LA CUAL SE TRATA DE LOS BIENES ESPIRITUALES Y TEMPORALES QUE EN ESTA VIDA SE PROMETEN A LA VIRTUD, Y SEÑALADAMENTE, DE DOCE SINGULARES PRIVILEGIOS QUE TIENE Capítulo XI. Por el cual estamos obligados a seguir la virtud, por causa de los bienes inestimables que de presente se le prometen en esta vida

I don't know what kind of excuses people can plead for giving up on virtue, since so many reasons stand on its side. For it is no small thing to plead, on this side, what God is, what he deserves, what he has given us, what he promises us, and what he threatens us with; and so there is every reason to ask what cause can explain why, among Christians who believe and confess all this, there are so many who care so little for virtue. For with unbelievers, who do not know virtue, it is no wonder they don't value what they don't know—like the rough digger who, if he finds a precious stone, pays it no mind, because he doesn't know what it's worth. But that the Christian who knows all this should live as if he believed none of it—so forgetful of God, so captive to vices, so subject to his passions, so attached to visible things, so forgetful of the invisible, and so free with every kind of sin, as if he expected neither death nor judgment nor paradise nor hell—that is something that fills us with great amazement.1 And so, as I said, there is reason to ask where this stupor comes from—this drowsiness and, if we can call it that, this kind of enchantment.2 This great evil doesn't have a single root, but many and varied ones. Among them, not the least is a general deception people live under, believing that everything God promises to virtue is reserved for the next life, and that nothing is given to it in the present. Because people are so self-interested and moved by what is right in front of them, when they see nothing in the present, they take little account of the future. That seems to be how they acted in the time of the prophets. When the prophet Ezekiel set before them great promises or threats from God, they would mock him, saying, "The revelations this man preaches are for many days from now, and his prophecies are for long ages yet to come." And mocking the prophet Isaiah as well for the same reason, they would mimic his words, saying: Wait and wait again, wait and wait again; command and command again, command and command again; a little from now, and a little later still.3 This is one of the main reasons the wicked turn away from God's commandments: it seems to them that nothing is given in the present, and that everything is left for later.4 The wise man Solomon saw it this way when he said, "Because sentence against the wicked is not carried out at once, the children of men, without any fear, pour themselves out into every vice."✦ And there he himself adds that the worst thing in all of life, and the one that gives the most occasion for doing evil, is that all things happen—as far as outward appearance goes—in the same way to the good and the bad, to the unclean and the clean, to the one who offers sacrifices and the one who cares nothing for them; from this it comes that people's hearts fill with malice, and afterward they end up in hell, because it seems to them that favors and disfavors run equally through the houses of the good and of the bad.✦ What Solomon says, the wicked clearly confess through the prophet Malachi: "It is a vain thing to serve God; for what good has it done us to have kept his commandments and walked in mourning before the Lord of Hosts?"✦ For this reason, we count the proud as blessed, since we see them thriving and prospering while they live so loosely; and though they have tested God, they remain unharmed.5 This is the language of the wicked, and one of the strongest reasons they have for remaining so; because, as Saint Ambrose says, “it seems a very bitter thing to them to buy hopes with dangers”—that is, to buy future goods with present losses, and to let go of what they have for what may be given them later. To undo this harmful deception, I don't know where else to start than with the words and tears of the Savior, who, seeing the wretched city of Jerusalem, began to weep over her, saying: If only you knew now the peace and the blessings that were coming to you on this day of yours! But all of this is now hidden from your eyes. On one hand, the Savior considered the greatness of the blessings that had come to that people along with his own person, since all the graces and treasures of heaven had descended with the Lord of the heavens. On the other hand, he saw how that people, scandalized by the Lord's humble dress and appearance, would refuse to receive him, and how by this sin they would lose not only the riches and grace of his visitation, but their commonwealth and city as well.6 Wounded by this grief, he shed these tears and spoke these words—brief and unfinished, because the shorter they were, the more they meant. This same feeling and these same words can, in their way, be applied to our current subject. When we consider the beauty of virtue and the great riches and graces that accompany her, and then see how hidden this is from the eyes of worldly people—and how, as a result, she is banished from the world—doesn't it seem to you that we have the same reason to shed the same tears and say with the Lord: If you only knew now? That is: "Oh, if God would open your eyes now so you could see the treasures, the gifts, the riches, the peace, the freedom, the calm, the light, the pleasures, the favors, and the other goods that go along with virtue—how highly you would prize her, how much you would desire her, and with what zeal and labor you would seek her!"7 But all of this is hidden from worldly eyes. Because they look no further than the hard outer bark of virtue and have never tasted her inner sweetness, it seems to them that there is nothing in her but what is harsh, sad, and distasteful. They think she isn't a currency that counts in this life, but only in the next—believing that if she has any good in her, it's for the other world, not for this one. So, reasoning according to the flesh, they say they 'don't want to buy hopes with dangers, or risk what is present for what is future.'8 This is what they say, scandalized by the outward appearance of virtue; they don't understand that the philosophy of Christ is like Christ himself, who, while showing the image of a man—and such a humble man—on the outside, was within God and Lord of all creation. That is why it's said of the faithful that they are dead to the world, but that their life is hidden with Christ in God; because, just as Christ's glory was hidden in this way, so is the glory of all who imitate his life. We read that in ancient times people made images they called sileni, which looked very base and rough on the outside, and within were very richly worked; so that while the ugliness was public, the beauty was secret, and while one deceived the eyes of the ignorant, the other drew the eyes of the wise to themselves.9 Such, indeed, was the life of the prophets, such that of the apostles, and such that of the perfect Christians: as was that of the Lord of them all. And if you still say that virtue is harsh and hard to practice, you should also set your eyes on the helps God has provided for this: the infused virtues, the gifts of the Holy Spirit, the sacraments of the new law, and all the other divine favors and aids, which are like oars and sails on a galley for sailing, or like wings on a bird for flying. Consider the very name and nature of virtue, which is essentially a habit—and a very noble one at that. If it is a habit, it follows that, generally speaking, it should make us act with ease and smoothness, because that is the nature of any habit.10 You should also consider that the Lord has promised his own not only the goods of glory, but also those of grace: the former for the life to come, and the latter for this life, as the Prophet says: "The Lord will give grace and glory." These are like two saddlebags full of goods, one for the present life and the other for the life to come—so that you may understand, at least from this, that there must be something more to virtue than what appears on the outside.✦ You should also consider that, since the Author of nature doesn't fail in what is necessary—because He provided creatures with everything they needed so perfectly—and since nothing in the world is more necessary or important than virtue, He wouldn't leave it abandoned to such a weak free will, such a blind understanding, such a sick will, such a poorly inclined appetite, and finally to a nature so ruined by sin, without equipping it with the abilities and oars to sail this gulf. For it would not make sense that, since divine providence had been so careful to equip the mosquito, the spider, and the ant with abilities and tools enough to preserve their life, it should neglect to provide man with what he needs to attain virtue.✦ And I add still more: if the world and the devil supply their own with so many kinds of pleasures and satisfactions—at least apparent ones—for the service they give them, how is it possible that God should be so barren toward his faithful friends and servants as to leave them fasting and dry-mouthed in the middle of their labors?11 What! And do you hold the side of virtue so low, and that of the12 vices—that God would allow so many advantages on one side, and so much loss and disfavor on the other?13 So what does it mean when God answers the words and complaints of the wicked through the prophet Malachi, saying: "Return to me, and you will see the difference there is between the good person and the bad, and between the one who serves God and the one who does not serve him?"✦ . He isn't content with the advantage there will be in the next life (which he addresses further below), but right away, here and now, he says: "Return, and you will see," and so on. It is as if he were saying: "I don’t want you to wait for the next life to know this blessing; return, and you’ll soon understand the difference between the good person and the bad—the riches of one and the poverty of the other, the joy of one and the sadness of the other, the peace of one and the wars of the other, the contentment of one and the discontent of the other, the light in which one lives and the darkness in which the other walks; and you’ll see by experience how much better this side is than you think." God gives almost the same answer to others like these, who, under this same persuasion and delusion, used to mock the good and say through Isaiah: Let God declare the greatness of his power and glory by granting you great favors, so that by this means we may know the prosperity and advantage of those who serve God over those who do not serve him. After saying this, and declaring the great scourges and punishments prepared for the wicked, he turns to the joy and prosperity of the good, saying: Rejoice with Jerusalem—that is, with the soul of the just—all you who love her well, and be glad with joy, all you who shared in her sorrow, so that you may be filled from the breasts of her consolation and filled with delights by the greatness of the glory that is to come to her; for I will send upon her a river of peace, and a river full of glory, from which you will all drink.14 You will be carried at my breast, and on my knees I will caress you; just as a mother pampers a little child, so I will comfort you, and in Jerusalem—that is, in my house—you will be comforted. You will see the fulfillment of all this, and your heart will rejoice; and your bones will grow green again like plants, and in that time the servants of God will know the mighty hand of the Lord—that is, just as people come to know God's omnipotence and beauty through the greatness of heaven, earth, and sea, and through the beauty of the sun, moon, and stars, because these works are so striking, so too the just will come to know the greatness of God's power, riches, and goodness through the great mercies and favors they will receive from him and experience in themselves.✦15 So just as God declared to the world the greatness of his severity toward the wicked through the scourges and plagues he sent on Pharaoh, he declares to us the greatness of his goodness and love toward the good through the favors and wonderful benefits he grants them. Truly blessed is the soul through whose benefits and favors God will show the greatness of such goodness; and wretched is the soul through whose scourges and punishments he will uncover the greatness of such justice. Since each of these things is of such inestimable greatness, what will the rivers be that flow from such abundant springs? I'll add this to everything already said: if the path of virtue seems barren and bleak to you, what did divine Wisdom mean when, speaking of itself, it said: "I will walk the paths of justice and through the ways of judgment, to enrich those who love me and fill their storehouses with my goods"?✦ . So what riches and goods are these, if not those of this heavenly Wisdom, which surpass all the riches of the world and are shared with those who walk the path of justice—that is, the very virtue we are talking about? If riches more worthy of that name than all the rest weren't found here, how could the Apostle give thanks to God for the people of Corinth, saying they were rich in every kind of spiritual riches? He calls these people rich without reservation, whereas he doesn't call others rich without qualification, but only rich in this age.✦✦16 . I. He confirms what has been said with a very notable authority from the Gospel.17 But more than all this, to confirm this truth he adds that remarkable saying of the Savior who, answering Saint Peter when he asked about the reward those who had left everything for him were to receive—as Saint Mark relates—speaks like this: Truly I tell you, there is no one who leaves house, brothers or sisters, father or mother, children or lands, for love of me and for the Gospel, who will not receive now, in this present time, a hundred times more than what he left, and afterward, in the age to come, eternal life.✦ These are Christ's words, and it isn't right that we should hurry past them. Because, first of all, you cannot deny that he expressly draws a distinction here between the reward given to the good in this life and in the next, promising one for the future and offering another for the present. Nor will you deny that this promise cannot fail of fulfillment, for it is certain that heaven and earth will fail before a jot or one of these words will fail, however impossible it may seem.✦ Because, just as we believe that God is three and one because he said so, though this mystery is above all reason, so we are bound to believe this same truth, even though it surpasses all understanding, since it has on its side the testimony of the same Author. So tell me now: What is this hundredfold that is given right now to the just in this life?✦ Because we do not commonly see that they are given great estates, or temporal riches or dignities, or the show of worldly things; rather, many of them live pushed aside and forgotten by the world, in great poverty, misery, and sickness. If this is so, how can the infallible truth of this saying be upheld, except by confessing that God supplies them with such and so many spiritual gifts and riches that, without any of these worldly displays, they are enough to give them greater happiness, greater joy, greater contentment, and rest than the possession of all the world's goods? There's little reason to be surprised by this, because just as we read that God isn't bound to sustain people's bodies with bread alone—since he has many other ways to do that—he isn't bound to give fullness and contentment to their souls through temporal goods either. He can easily provide it without them, just as he truly did for all the saints, whose prayers, spiritual practices, tears, and delights surpassed all the world's consolations and pleasures.✦18 In this way, it's rightly proven that they receive a hundred times more than what they left behind. For lying, counterfeit goods, they receive the true ones; for uncertain goods, the certain; for bodily goods, the spiritual; for cares, rest; for anguish, peace; and for a vicious and abominable life, a virtuous and delightful one.✦ So, if you've despised temporal goods for the love of Christ, you'll find inestimable treasures in him. If you cast off false honors, you'll find true ones in him. If you renounced the love of your parents, the eternal Father will refresh you with greater gifts. And if you've turned away from pestilent and poisonous pleasures, you'll find other, sweeter, and nobler delights in him.✦ Once you reach this point, you'll see clearly that all the things that once pleased you will not only stop pleasing you, but will actually cause you disgust and loathing. Because after that heavenly light has touched and enlightened our eyes, a different and new face is then born for all things, by which they present themselves to us under a very different form. What seemed sweet a little while ago will now seem bitter to you, and what seemed bitter now becomes sweet. What once terrified now satisfies, and what once seemed beautiful now seems ugly—though it was ugly before, too; it just wasn't recognized. In this way, Christ's promise is fulfilled: in place of temporal bodily goods, he gives us the spiritual goods of the soul, and in place of the goods they call fortune, he gives us the goods of grace, which are incomparably greater and more powerful for enriching and satisfying the human heart.✦ To confirm this, I'll share a notable example written in the book of the illustrious men of the Order of Cîteaux. It records there, then, that while Saint Bernard was preaching in Flanders with a most burning desire to bring people to God, among others converted by a special touch of the Holy Spirit was a very prominent knight of that land named Arnulf, whom the world held prisoner with great chains; and when he finally left the world and took the habit at the monastery of Clairvaux, the blessed Father rejoiced so much at this conversion that he said in everyone's presence that Christ was no less admirable in the conversion of Brother Arnulf than in the resurrection of Lazarus, for, while he was bound with the chains of so many vices and buried in the depths of so many pleasures, Christ raised him and brought him into that new life, which was no less admirable in its outcome than it had been in the conversion.19 Since it would take too long to recount all his virtues in detail, I’ll move on to what relates to our case. This holy man often suffered from colic, which caused him such great pain that it brought him to the point of death. Once, while he was in that state—nearly unconscious, having lost his speech and any hope of life—they gave him Extreme Unction. A little later, coming back to himself, he suddenly began to praise God and cry out loudly, "Everything you said is true, O good Jesus."20 As he repeated these words over and over, the monks were astonished and asked him how he was and why he said that. He didn't answer, but only repeated the same sentence: "Everything you said is true, O good Jesus." They answered, "We confess that too; but for what purpose do you say it?"21 you?» He answered: «Because the Lord says in his Gospel that whoever renounces, for love of him, all attachment to his relatives will receive a hundred times more in this age, and afterward eternal life in the next.✦ So I now experience in myself, and I confess, that even now I am receiving this hundredfold more in this life. I want you to know that the immense intensity of this pain I’m suffering is so sweet to me—because of the firm hope of my salvation that has now been given me through it—that I wouldn’t trade it for a hundred times more than all I left in this world.22 And if I, being such a great sinner, receive such consolation in my distress, what will the saints and perfect men receive in their joys? For truly, the spiritual joy this hope gives me surpasses a hundred thousand times the worldly joy I used to receive in the world.» When he said this, they all marveled to see that a lay brother without learning should speak such words; rather, it was plainly clear that the Holy Spirit who dwelled in his soul was speaking them.✦23 In this, you can clearly see how, without the noise and display of worldly goods, God gives his own people greater contentment and greater things than those they left behind for him. And so, how deceived are those who don't believe that any of this is given to virtue in the present life. So, to drive out this so dangerous deception, beyond what has already been said, the next twelve chapters will serve, in which we will treat of twelve marvelous fruits and privileges that accompany virtue in this life—so that by this the lovers of the world may see that there is more honey in it than they think. And even granting that to understand this perfectly the experience and practice of virtue itself was necessary—because virtue is what best knows its own riches—still, faith will supply what is lacking here, for faith confesses the truth of the Sacred Scriptures, with whose testimonies I intend to prove everything I shall say in this part, so that no one is left any room to doubt this truth.24

Read the original Spanish

No sé qué linaje de excusas puedan alegar los hombres para dejar de seguir la virtud, pues tantas razones se presentan por parte de ella. Porque no es pequeña cosa alegar, por esta parte, lo que Dios es, lo que merece, lo que nos ha dado, lo que nos promete y lo que nos amenaza; por lo cual hay mucha razón para preguntar cuál sea la causa por donde entre los cristianos, que todo esto creen y confiesan, haya tantos que se den tan poco por la virtud. Porque los infieles, que no conocen la virtud, no es maravilla que no precien lo que no conocen; como hace el rústico cavador que, si halla una piedra preciosa, no hace caso della, porque no conoce lo que vale. Mas que el cristiano, que sabe todo esto, viva como si nada de esto creyese, tan olvidado de Dios, tan cautivo de los vicios, tan sujeto a sus pasiones, tan aficionado a las cosas visibles, tan olvidado de las invisibles y tan suelto de todo género de pecados, como si no esperase muerte ni juicio ni paraíso ni infierno, esto es cosa que pone grande admiración. Por donde, como dije, hay razón para preguntar de dónde nazca este pasmo, esta modorra y, si decir se puede, esta manera de encantamiento.

Este mal tan grande no tiene una sola raíz, sino muchas y diversas; entre las cuales, no es la menor un general engaño en que los hombres del mundo viven, creyendo que todo lo que promete Dios a la virtud se guarda para la otra vida, y que de presente no se le da nada; porque, como los hombres sean tan interesables y se muevan tanto con la presencia de los objetos, como no ven nada de presente, hacen poco caso de lo futuro. Así parece que lo hacían en tiempo de los profetas, porque, cuando el profeta Ezequiel les proponía grandes promesas o amenazas de parte de Dios, burlábanse ellos, diciendo: Las revelaciones que este predica son para de aquí a muchos días, y sus profecías son para de aquí a largos tiempos. Y, escarneciendo otrosí del profeta Isaías, por la misma causa, contrahacían sus palabras, diciendo: Espera y reespera, espera y reespera; manda y remanda, manda y remanda; de aquí a un poco, y de aquí a otro poco. Esta es, pues, una de las principales cosas que hace apelar a los malos de los mandamientos de Dios, pareciéndoles que nada se les da de presente y que todo se libra para adelante. Así lo sintió aquel gran sabio Salomón, cuando dijo: Porque no se ejecuta luego contra los malos su sentencia, de aquí nace que los hijos de los hombres, sin temor alguno, se derraman por todos los vicios. Donde añade él mismo, diciendo que la peor cosa de cuantas hay en la vida, y que más ocasión da para hacer males, es suceder todas las cosas (a lo que por defuera parece) de una misma manera al bueno y al malo, al sucio y al limpio, al que ofrece sacrificios y al que no hace caso de ellos; de donde nace que los corazones de los hombres se hinchen de malicia, y después van a parar a los infiernos; por parecerles que igualmente corren los favores y los disfavores por las casas de los buenos y de los malos. Y lo mismo que Salomón dice, claramente lo confiesan los malos por el profeta Malaquías, diciendo: Vana cosa es servir a Dios; porque ¿qué fruto nos ha acarreado haber guardado sus mandamientos y haber andado tristes delante del Señor de los Ejércitos? Por esto, tenemos por bienaventurados los soberbios, pues los vemos medrados y prosperados, viviendo tan rotamente; y, habiendo tentado a Dios, están en salvo.

Este es el lenguaje de los malos, y uno de los mayores motivos que tienen para serlo; porque, como dice san Ambrosio, «paréceles cosa muy agria comprar esperanzas con peligros»; esto es, comprar bienes de futuro con daños de presente, y soltar de la mano lo que tienen, por lo que adelante se les puede dar.

Pues, para deshacer este engaño tan perjudicial, no sé qué otro principio pueda yo ahora tomar, que aquellas palabras y lágrimas del Salvador, el cual, viendo la miserable ciudad de Jerusalén, comenzó a llorar sobre ella, diciendo: ¡Si conocieses ahora tú la paz y los bienes que en este día tuyo te venían!

Mas todo esto está ahora escondido a tus ojos. Consideraba el Salvador, por una parte, cuán grandes eran los bienes que juntamente con su persona habían venido a aquel pueblo, pues todas las gracias y tesoros del cielo habían descendido con el Señor de los cielos; y por otra, cómo él, escandalizado con el humilde hábito y apariencia del Señor, no le había de recibir, y cómo por este pecado, no sólo había de perder las riquezas y gracia de su visitación, sino también su república y su ciudad. Lastimado, pues, con este dolor, derramó estas lágrimas y dijo estas palabras, así breves y no acabadas, porque tanto más significaban, cuanto más breves eran. Pues este mismo sentimiento y estas mismas palabras se pueden, en su manera, aplicar al propósito de que hablamos; porque, considerando, por una parte, la hermosura de la virtud y las grandes riquezas y gracias que andan en su compañía, y visto, por otra, cuán encubierto está esto a los ojos de los hombres carnales, y cuán desterrada anda ella, por esto, del mundo, ¿no te parece que tenemos aquí también la misma causa para derramar las mismas lágrimas y decir con el Señor: Si conocieses ahora tú? Esto es: «¡Oh, si te abriese ahora Dios los ojos para que vieses los tesoros, los regalos, las riquezas, la paz, la libertad, la tranquilidad, la luz, los deleites, los favores y los otros bienes que andan en compañía de la virtud, en cuánto la preciarías, cuánto la desearías, y con cuánto estudio y trabajo la buscarías!» Mas todo esto está escondido de los ojos carnales; porque, no mirando más que la corteza dura de la virtud, y no habiendo experimentado la suavidad interior della, paréceles que no hay en ella cosa que no sea áspera, triste y desabrida, y que no es moneda que corre en esta vida, sino en la otra, porque, si algo tiene de bien, para el otro mundo es, no para este; por lo cual, filosofando según la carne, dicen que «no quieren comprar esperanzas con peligros, y aventurar lo presente por lo futuro».

Esto dicen, escandalizados con la figura exterior de la virtud; porque no entienden que la filosofía de Cristo es semejante al mismo Cristo, el cual, mostrando por defuera imagen de hombre, y hombre tan humilde, dentro era Dios y Señor de todo lo criado. Por lo cual se dice de los fieles que están muertos al mundo, mas que su vida está escondida con Cristo en Dios; porque, así como la gloria de Cristo estaba desta manera escondida, así también lo está la de todos los imitadores de su vida. Leemos que antiguamente hacían los hombres unas imágenes que llamaban silenos, las cuales por defuera parecían muy viles y toscas, y dentro estaban muy ricamente labradas; de suerte que, siendo la fealdad pública, la hermosura era secreta, y engañando con lo uno a los ojos de los ignorantes, con lo otro atraían a sí los de los sabios. Tal fue, por cierto, la vida de los profetas, tal la de los apóstoles, y tal la de los perfectos cristianos: como fue la del Señor de todos ellos.

Λ Y, si todavía dices que la virtud es áspera y dificultosa de ejercitar, deberías también poner los ojos en las ayudas que Dios para esto tiene proveídas con las virtudes infusas, con los dones del Espíritu Santo, con los sacramentos de la ley nueva y con todos los otros favores y socorros divinos, que son como remos y velas en la galera para navegar, o como las alas en el ave para volar. Deberías mirar al mismo nombre y ser de la virtud, la cual esencialmente es hábito, y muy noble hábito; y, si lo es, de aquí se sigue que, regularmente hablando, nos ha de hacer obrar con suavidad y facilidad, porque esto es propio de todos los hábitos. Deberías también considerar que no sólo tiene prometidos el Señor a los suyos los bienes de gloria, sino también de gracia; los unos para la otra vida, y los otros para esta, según que el Profeta dice: Gracia y gloria dará el Señor; que son como dos alforjas llenas de bienes, la una para la vida presente, y la otra para la advenidera; para entender siquiera por aquí que algo más debe haber en la virtud de lo que por defuera parece.

Deberías otrosí mirar que, pues el autor de la naturaleza no falta en las cosas necesarias, pues tan perfectamente proveyó las criaturas de todo lo que habían menester, no habiendo en el mundo cosa más necesaria ni más importante, que la virtud, no la había de dejar desamparada a beneficio de un solo libre albedrío tan flaco, y de un entendimiento tan ciego, y de una voluntad tan enferma, y de un apetito tan mal inclinado, y, finalmente, de una naturaleza por el pecado tan estragada, sin proveerle de habilidades y remos con que poder navegar por este golfo. Porque no era razón que, pues la providencia divina había sido tan solícita en proveer al mosquito, a la araña y la hormiga de habilidades e instrumentos bastantes para conservar su vida, se descuidase de proveer al hombre de lo necesario para conseguir la virtud.

Y añado aún más: que, si el mundo y el demonio proveen de tantas maneras de gustos y contentamientos —a lo menos aparentes— a los suyos por el servicio que le hacen, ¿cómo es posible que Dios sea tan estéril para sus fieles amigos y servidores, que los deje ayunos y boquisecos en medio de sus trabajos? ¡Cómo! , ¿y por tan caído tienes tú el partido de la virtud, y por tan subido el de los

vicios, que permitiese Dios haber tantas ventajas en lo uno, y tanto menoscabo y disfavor en lo otro? Pues ¿qué quiere decir lo que responde Dios por el profeta Malaquías a las palabras y quejas de los malos, diciendo: Convertíos a mí, y veréis la diferencia que hay entre el bueno y el malo, y entre el que sirve a Dios y el que no le sirve? . De manera que no se contenta con la ventaja que habrá en la otra vida (de que más abajo trata), sino luego, de presente, dice: Convertíos, y veréis, etc. Como si dijese: «No quiero que esperéis por el tiempo de la otra vida para conocer esta ventura, sino convertíos, y luego entenderéis la diferencia que hay del bueno al malo, las riquezas del uno y la pobreza del otro, la alegría del uno y la tristeza del otro, la paz del uno y las guerras del otro, el contentamiento del uno y los descontentamientos del otro, la lumbre en que vive el uno y las tinieblas en que anda el otro; y veréis por experiencia cuánto más aventajado es este partido de lo que vosotros pensáis».

Casi la misma respuesta da Dios a otros tales como estos, los cuales, por esta misma persuasión y engaño, hacían burla de los buenos, diciendo por Isaías: Declare Dios la grandeza de su poder y de su gloria haciéndoos grandes mercedes; para que por esta vía conozcamos la prosperidad y ventaja de los que sirven a Dios, a los que no le sirven. Y, acabando de decir esto, y declarando luego los azotes y castigos grandes que a los malos estaban aparejados, trata luego de la alegría y prosperidad de los buenos, diciendo así: Alegraos con Jerusalén (que es el ánima del justo) todos los que bien la queréis, y gozaos con alegría todos los que fuisteis participantes de su tristeza, para que seáis llenos de los pechos de su consolación, y seáis abastados de deleites por la grandeza de la gloria que le ha de venir; porque yo enviaré sobre ella como un río de paz, y como un río lleno de gloria, del cual todos beberéis. A mis pechos seréis llevados, y sobre mis rodillas os halagaré; de la manera que la madre regala un hijo chiquitito, así yo os consolaré, y en Jerusalén (que es en mi casa) seréis consolados. Veréis el cumplimiento de todo esto, y gozarse ha vuestro corazón; y vuestros huesos, así como las plantas reverdecerán, y en este tiempo conocerán los siervos de Dios la mano poderosa del Señor; quiere decir, que, así como los hombres por la grandeza del cielo y de la tierra y de la mar, y por la hermosura del sol y de la luna y de las estrellas, vienen a conocer la omnipotencia y hermosura de Dios, por ser estas obras tan señaladas, así también los justos vendrán a conocer la grandeza del poder y de las riquezas y bondad de Dios por las grandezas de las mercedes y favores que dél recibirán, y que en sí mismos experimentarán. De suerte que, así como por los azotes y plagas que Dios envió a Faraón declaró al mundo la grandeza de su severidad para con los malos, así por los favores y beneficios admirables que hará a los buenos nos declara la grandeza de su bondad y amor para con ellos. Dichosa, por cierto, el ánima con cuyos beneficios y favores mostrará Dios la grandeza de tal bondad; y desdichada aquella con cuyos azotes y castigos descubrirá la grandeza de tal justicia. Porque, como cada cosa destas sea de tan inestimable grandeza, ¿cuáles serán los ríos que de tan caudalosas fuentes manarán?

Añado más a todo esto que, si te parece estéril y triste el camino de la virtud, ¿qué quiso decir la divina Sabiduría cuando, hablando de sí mismo, dijo: Andaré por los caminos de la justicia y por medio de las sendas del juicio, para enriquecer a los que me aman e hinchirles las arcas de mis bienes? . Pues ¿qué riquezas y bienes son estos, sino los desta Sabiduría celestial, que sobrepujan a todas las riquezas del mundo, las cuales se comunican a los que andan por el camino de la justicia, que es la misma virtud de que hablamos? Porque, si aquí no se hallaran riquezas más dignas deste nombre que todas las otras, ¿cómo diera el Apóstol gracias a Dios por los de Corinto, diciendo que estaban ricos en todo género de riquezas espirituales, llamando a estos a boca llena ricos, como quiera que a los otros no llama absolutamente ricos, sino ricos deste siglo? .

I. Confirma lo dicho con una autoridad muy notable del Evangelio

Mas, sobre todo esto, añade para confirmación desta verdad aquella tan notable sentencia del Salvador, el cual, respondiendo a san Pedro cuando preguntó por el galardón que habían de recibir los que por él habían dejado todas las cosas, según refiere san Marcos, dice así: En verdad os digo que ninguno hay que deje casa, hermanos o hermanas, padre o madre, hijos o heredades, por amor de mí

y por el Evangelio, que no reciba ahora en este tiempo ciento tanto más de lo que dejó, y después, en el siglo advenidero, la vida eterna. Estas palabras son de Cristo, por las cuales no es razón pasemos de corrida. Porque, lo primero, no me puedes negar, sino que expresamente hace aquí distinción entre el galardón que se da a los buenos en esta vida y en la otra, prometiendo uno de futuro y ofreciendo otro de presente. Tampoco me negarás que no puede haber falta en el cumplimiento de esa promesa, pues es cierto que antes faltará el cielo y la tierra, que un tilde o una palabra destas, por imposible que parezca. Porque, así como creemos que Dios es trino y uno, porque él lo dijo, aunque este misterio sea sobre toda razón, así estamos obligados a creer esta mesma verdad, aunque sobrepuje todo entendimiento, pues tiene por sí el testimonio del mesmo autor. Pues dime ahora: ¿Qué ciento tanto es este que de presente se da a los justos en esta vida? Porque no vemos, comúnmente, que se les den grandes estados, ni riquezas o dignidades temporales, ni aparato de cosas de mundo; antes muchos dellos viven arrinconados y olvidados del mundo, en grandes pobrezas, miserias y enfermedades. Pues, siendo esto así, ¿cómo se podrá salvar la infalible verdad desta sentencia, sino confesando que los provee Dios de tales y tantos dones y riquezas espirituales, que, sin ninguno de todos estos aparatos del mundo, bastan para darles mayor felicidad, mayor alegría, mayor contentamiento y descanso, que la posesión de todos los bienes del mundo?

Y no es esto mucho de espantar, porque, así como leemos que no está Dios atado a dar mantenimiento a los cuerpos de los hombre con solo pan, pues tiene otros muchos medios para eso, así tampoco lo está para dar hartura y contentamiento a sus ánimas con solos estos bienes temporales, pues sin estos lo puede él muy bien hacer; como a la verdad lo hizo con todos los santos, cuyas oraciones, cuyos ejercicios, cuyas lágrimas, cuyos deleites sobrepujaron a todas las consolaciones y deleites del mundo. Y desta manera se verifica con mucha razón que reciben ciento tanto más de lo que dejaron, pues, por los bienes mentirosos y contrahechos, reciben los verdaderos; por los dudosos, los ciertos; por los corporales, los espirituales; por los cuidados, reposo; por las congojas, tranquilidad; y por la vida viciosa y abominable, vida virtuosa y deleitable. De manera que, si despreciaste los bienes temporales por amor de Cristo, en él hallarás inestimables tesoros; si desechaste las honras falsas, en él hallarás las verdaderas; si renunciaste el amor de tus padres, por eso te recreará con mayores regalos el Padre eterno; y si despediste de ti los pestíferos y ponzoñosos deleites, en él hallarás otros más dulces y más nobles deleites. Y, cuando aquí hubieres llegado, verás claramente que todas aquellas cosas que antes te agradaban, no sólo no te agradarán, mas antes te causarán aborrecimiento y hastío. Porque, después que aquella luz celestial ha tocado y esclarecido nuestros ojos, luego nace otra diversa y nueva faz a todas las cosas, con la cual se nos representa de otra muy diferente figura. Y así lo que poco antes parecía dulce, ahora te parecerá amargo, y lo que parecía amargo, ahora se hace dulce; lo que antes espantaba, ahora contenta, y lo que antes parecía hermoso, ahora parece feo (aunque antes también lo era, sino que no se conocía). Desta manera, pues, se verifica la promesa de Cristo, el cual, por los bienes temporales del cuerpo, nos da bienes espirituales del ánima, y por los bienes que llaman de fortuna, nos da los bienes de gracia, que sin comparación son mayores y más poderosos para enriquecer y contentar el corazón del hombre. Y para confirmación desto no dejaré de referir aquí un ejemplo notable que se escribe en el libro de los varones ilustres de la Orden de Císter.

Escribe, pues, ahí, que predicando san Bernardo en Flandes con un encendidísimo deseo de traer los hombres a Dios, entre otros que por especial tocamiento del Espíritu Santo se convirtieron fue un caballero muy principal de aquella tierra, llamado Arnulfo, al cual tenía el mundo preso con grandes cadenas; y como él, finalmente, dejado el mundo, tomase el hábito en el monasterio de Clarevale, alegrose tanto el bienaventurado Padre con esta conversión, que dijo en presencia de todos que no era menos admirable Cristo en la conversión de Fray Arnulfo, que en la resurrección de Lázaro, pues, estando él ligado con las ataduras de tantos vicios, y sepultado en el profundo de tantos deleites, le resucitó Cristo, y trajo a aquella nueva vida, la cual no fue menos admirable en el suceso, que lo fue en la conversión. Y, porque sería muy largo contar en particular todas sus virtudes, vengo a lo que hace a nuestro caso. Padecía este santo varón muchas veces una enfermedad de cólica, la cual le causaba tan grandes dolores, que le llegaban a punto de muerte. Y, estando una vez así, casi sin sentido, perdida el habla, y también la esperanza de la vida, diéronle la Extremaunción, y él, de ahí a poco, volviendo sobre sí, comenzó súbitamente a alabar a Dios y decir a grandes voces: «Verdaderas son todas las cosas que dijiste, oh buen Jesús». Y como él repitiese muchas veces esta palabra, espantándose los monjes de esto, y preguntándole como estaba y por qué decía aquello, ninguna cosa respondía, sino replicando la misma sentencia: «Verdaderas son todas las cosas que dijiste, oh buen Jesús». Ellos respondieron: «Nosotros también confesamos eso; mas ¿a qué propósito lo dices

tú?» Respondió él: «Porque el Señor dice en su Evangelio que quienquiera que renunciare por su amor todas las aficiones de sus parientes, recibirá ciento tanto más en este siglo, y después la vida eterna en el otro. Pues yo experimento ahora en mí, y confieso, que de presente recibo este ciento tanto más en esta vida. Porque os hago saber que la grandeza inmensa deste dolor que padezco me es tan sabrosa por la firmeza de la esperanza que por ella me han ahora dado de mi salvación, que no la trocaría por ciento tanto más de lo que en este mundo dejé. Y, si yo, siendo tan grande pecador, tal consolación recibo en mis angustias, ¿cuál será la que los santos y perfectos varones recibirán en sus alegrías? Porque, verdaderamente, el gozo espiritual que me causa esta esperanza, cien mil veces sobrepuja al gozo mundano que de presente en el mundo recibía». Diciendo él esto, maravilláronse todos de ver que un religioso lego y sin letras tales palabras dijese; sino manifiestamente se conocía que el Espíritu Santo que en su ánima moraba las decía.

En lo cual se ve claramente cómo, sin el estruendo y aparato de los bienes temporales, da Dios a los suyos mayor contentamiento y mayores cosas, que las que por él dejaron. Y, por consiguiente, cuán engañados viven los que no creen que de presente se dé nada desto a la virtud.

Pues para destierro deste engaño tan peligroso, demás de lo dicho, servirán los doce capítulos siguientes, en los cuales trataremos de doce maravillosos frutos y privilegios que acompañan en esta vida a la virtud; para que por aquí vean los amadores del mundo que hay más miel en ella, de lo que ellos piensan. Y, dado caso que para entender esto perfectamente era necesaria la experiencia y uso de la misma virtud, porque esta es la que mejor conoce sus riquezas, pero la falta desto suplirá la fe, la cual confiesa la verdad de las Escrituras Sagradas, con cuyos testimonios entiendo probar todo lo que en esta parte dijere, porque a nadie quede lugar para dudar de esta verdad.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Eccl.8.11 — Because the sentence against an evil deed is not carried out quickly, the human heart is fully set on doing evil.
  2. ↩Eccl.9.2-Eccl.9.3 — All is the same for all: one fate comes to the righteous and to the wicked, to the good and to the clean and to the unclean, to the one who sacrifices and to the one who does not sacrifice. As the good man is, so is the sinner; the one who swears an oath is like the one who fears an oath. Eccl.9.3 — This is an evil in all that is done under the sun: that one fate comes to all. Moreover, the hearts of the sons of men are full of evil, and madness is in their lives, and after that they go to the dead.
  3. ↩Mal.3.14 — You have said, 'It is futile to serve God. What profit is it that we have kept his charge, and that we have walked in mourning before the LORD of hosts?'
  4. ↩Ps.84.12 — For the LORD God is a sun and a shield; the LORD gives grace and glory. He does not withhold good from those who walk in integrity.
  5. ↩Prov.6.6-Prov.6.8 — Go to the ant, you lazy one; observe her ways and become wise. Prov.6.7 — which has no commander, officer, or ruler— Prov.6.8 — It prepares its bread in summer; it gathers its food at harvest.
  6. ↩Mal.3.7;Mal.3.18 — From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says the LORD of hosts. But you say, "How shall we return?" Mal.3.18 — Then you will return and see the difference between the righteous and the wicked, between the one who serves God and the one who does not serve him.
  7. ↩Isa.66.14 — And you shall see, and your heart shall rejoice, and your bones shall flourish like the green grass; and the hand of the LORD shall be known toward his servants, and he shall be indignant toward his enemies.
  8. ↩Prov.8.20-Prov.8.21 — In the way of righteousness I walk, in the midst of the paths of justice. Prov.8.21 — That I may endow those who love me with substance, and fill their treasuries.
  9. ↩1Cor.1.4-1Cor.1.5 — I always thank my God for you, because of the grace of God given to you in Christ Jesus. 1Cor.1.5 — because in everything you were enriched in him, in all speech and all knowledge,
  10. ↩1Tim.6.17 — Command those who are rich in this present age not to be arrogant, nor to set their hopes on the uncertainty of riches, but on God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment.
  11. ↩Mark.10.29-Mark.10.30;Matt.19.29;Luke.18.29-Luke.18.30 — Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, Mark.10.30 — whoever does not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, along with persecutions — and in the coming age, eternal life. Matt.19.29 — And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my name's sake will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life. Luke.18.29 — And he said to them, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God, Luke.18.30 — who will not receive back many times more in this age, and in the age to come, eternal life.
  12. ↩Matt.5.18;Luke.21.33;Matt.24.35 — For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth pass away, not one jot or one tittle will pass from the Law until all is fulfilled. Luke.21.33 — Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. Matt.24.35 — Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
  13. ↩Mark.10.30 — whoever does not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, along with persecutions — and in the coming age, eternal life.
  14. ↩Deut.8.3;Matt.4.4;Luke.4.4 — He humbled you and let you hunger and fed you with manna, which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, in order to make you understand that man does not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD does man live. Matt.4.4 — But he answered, "It is written: 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God.'" Luke.4.4 — And Jesus answered him, 'It is written: "Man shall not live by bread alone."'
  15. ↩Mark.10.29-Mark.10.30;Matt.19.29 — Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, Mark.10.30 — whoever does not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, along with persecutions — and in the coming age, eternal life. Matt.19.29 — And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my name's sake will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life.
  16. ↩Matt.19.29;Mark.10.29;Matt.10.37 — And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my name's sake will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life. Mark.10.29 — Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, Matt.10.37 — Whoever loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me, and whoever loves son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.
  17. ↩Mark.10.29-Mark.10.30;Matt.19.29 — Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, Mark.10.30 — whoever does not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, along with persecutions — and in the coming age, eternal life. Matt.19.29 — And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my name's sake will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life.
  18. ↩Matt.19.29;Mark.10.29-Mark.10.30;Luke.18.29-Luke.18.30 — And everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or father or mother or children or fields for my name's sake will receive a hundredfold and will inherit eternal life. Mark.10.29 — Jesus said, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields for my sake and for the sake of the gospel, Mark.10.30 — whoever does not receive a hundredfold now in this time — houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, along with persecutions — and in the coming age, eternal life. Luke.18.29 — And he said to them, 'Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God, Luke.18.30 — who will not receive back many times more in this age, and in the age to come, eternal life.
  19. ↩Matt.10.20;Mark.13.11;Luke.12.12 — For it is not you who are speaking, but the Spirit of your Father who is speaking through you. Mark.13.11 — And when they arrest you and hand you over, do not worry beforehand about what you will say; but whatever is given to you in that hour, say that — for it is not you who are speaking, but the Holy Spirit. Luke.12.12 — For the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you must say.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩suelto here means unrestrained/lax—loose with every kind of sin—not 'free from' sins.
  2. 2 ↩pasmo = stunned amazement/stupor; modorra = drowsiness/torpor; encantamiento = spell-like enchantment. Rendered to preserve Granada's escalating diagnosis of spiritual paralysis.
  3. 3 ↩Spanish 'espera y reespera… manda y remanda… de aquí a un poco' tracks the older Spanish biblical cadence of Isaiah 28:10/13 rather than the English 'precept upon precept, line upon line'; rendered from the Spanish surface, not substituted with the familiar English KJV phrasing.
  4. 4 ↩'hacer apelar de' is legal/moral Spanish for appealing from a sentence; rendered as 'turn away from' God's commandments to keep the force of refusal without stiff courtroom diction.
  5. 5 ↩'viviendo tan rotamente' = living dissolutely/recklessly; 'están en salvo' = remain safe/unharmed, not 'are saved' in the theological sense.
  6. 6 ↩Spanish él tracks aquel pueblo (that people) as a collective masculine subject: scandalized by Christ's lowly appearance, it would not receive him and would lose both spiritual goods and the civic order of Jerusalem.
  7. 7 ↩regalos can mean gifts, comforts, or tender delights; rendered gifts to distinguish it from later deleites (pleasures) and favores (favors).
  8. 8 ↩moneda que corre is commercial idiom for currency that is current/circulating; rendered a currency that counts to keep the marketplace metaphor without archaism.
  9. 9 ↩Sileni: classical hollow figures (as in Plato's Symposium) ugly outside and finely carved within; Granada uses them as an image of virtue's hidden beauty.
  10. 10 ↩hábito is the scholastic habitus: a settled disposition that makes right action easier, not a mere routine or custom.
  11. 11 ↩Idiom for left empty and unrefreshed: literally 'fasting and dry-mouthed,' not merely the discipline of fasting.
  12. 12 ↩Sentence is truncated at the section boundary; neighboring next section begins with 'vicios,' completing 'el de los vicios' ('that of the vices').
  13. 13 ↩Section opens mid-clause, continuing GuiaPec.1.13.9.s3 (‘…and that of the…’).
  14. 14 ↩abastados de deleites: rendered as 'filled full of delights' (abundantly supplied / sated with delights).
  15. 15 ↩gozarse ha: future periphrasis ('will rejoice'); 'quiere decir, que' rendered as an interpretive gloss ('that is').
  16. 16 ↩"a boca llena" rendered as "without reserve"; "absolutamente ricos" as "rich without qualification," preserving the contrast between spiritual riches named simply as riches and worldly riches limited as "of this age."
  17. 17 ↩Spanish 'autoridad' here means an authoritative proof-text/citation, not 'authority' as power; rendered as 'authority' in that traditional sense. Implied subject continues the prior argument (Divine Wisdom / the sacred writer), matching the following section's 'añade'.
  18. 18 ↩Source has «cuerpos de los hombre»; translated as the intended plural «hombres» (people's/human bodies).
  19. 19 ↩Source "Clarevale" rendered as Clairvaux (Cistercian house of Saint Bernard).
  20. 20 ↩"Extremaunción" kept as Extreme Unction, the historical name for the Anointing of the Sick in this period.
  21. 21 ↩Source sentence ends mid-quotation; continuation "tú?" belongs to the following section (GuiaPec.1.13.18.s1).
  22. 22 ↩«me han ahora dado» is impersonal/plural; rendered as passive divine gift («has now been given me»). «por ella» most naturally refers to the pain as the means of that hope.
  23. 23 ↩«religioso lego» rendered as «lay brother» (non-ordained monastic). «sin letras» as «without learning» (unlettered).
  24. 24 ↩"esta es la que mejor conoce sus riquezas" personifies virtue as knowing its own riches; rendered as "virtue is what best knows its own riches" rather than treating "esta" as a mere abstract "this".

The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores) companion

A prayer for every moment, already on your phone

Chosen Portion puts a curated historic prayer in front of you each day — so the words are there before the moment arrives.

Chosen Portion is the digital descendant of the carried prayer book: the short daily prayers this collection preserves, delivered one a day to your pocket.

  • One short, memorable prayer delivered daily — build your repertoire a card at a time
  • Prayers matched to real situations: fear, gratitude, decisions, grief, sleep
  • Save favourites into your personal pocket collection you can open anywhere
Chosen Portion — Daily Prayer (free iOS app) →