SR
← The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores)/Book 1 · Guía de pecadores, Libro Primero
Chapter 12GuiaPec.1.12

Capítulo X. Del décimo título por el cual estamos obligados a la virtud, que es la cuarta postrimería del hombre, donde se trata de las penas del infierno

The Reality of Two Destinies

The author contrasts the eternal reward of virtue with the inescapable reality of hell, urging the reader to weigh the burden of sin.

The least part of this reward would have been enough to move our hearts to the love of virtue, through which so great a good is gained. So what will it be if, along with the greatness of this glory, we also join the greatness of the punishment prepared for the wicked? For the wicked person cannot console himself here by saying: "If I am wicked, all it comes to is that I won't go to enjoy God; and as for the rest, I'll have neither punishment nor glory."1 It isn't so; rather, one of these two vastly different fates must necessarily fall to us: we must either reign forever with God or burn forever with the demons, for there is no middle ground between these two extremes, except for limbo or purgatory.2 These are, in figure, the two baskets that God showed the prophet Jeremiah before the doors of the temple in a vision: one full of good figs, exceedingly good, and the other of bad figs, so bad that they could not be eaten (cf.3 Jer 24:2).✦4 With this, God intended to show the prophet two kinds of people: those to whom He would show mercy, and those upon whom He would exercise justice. The lot of the first group was so good it couldn't be better, while the lot of the others was so bad it couldn't be worse. The lot of the good is to see God, who is the greatest of all goods, and the lot of the wicked is to be forever without God, which is the greatest of all evils. Those who dare to commit a mortal sin should consider this, so they can see the burden they're taking upon themselves. When people who make their living hauling loads are hired to carry one, they first look it over carefully and try lifting it to see if they can manage it. So you, wretched soul, fattened on the sweet taste of sin and binding yourself to carry its load for that price: I beg you, first look at what this burden weighs—the punishment for that sin—and see whether you have the shoulders to bear it.5 And so that you may do this better, I want to set before you here some considerations by which you can grasp something of how great this punishment is—so you may see more clearly how great a burden you take on yourself when you sin. And although we treat this subject in other places, here we will treat it by different means: by certain reasons and considerations that will make this clear to us—because the subject is so abundant that it gives ground for all of this and much more.

The Greatness of Divine Justice

God's immense power and majesty, as seen in his works, serve as a mirror to the severity of his justice and the fear it should inspire.

I. The first of these is to consider the immensity and greatness of God, who punishes sin—who is God in all his works, meaning he is great and wonderful in everything, not just in the sea, the earth, and the heavens, but also in hell and in all other things.6 So if this Lord is God in all his works and shows himself as God, he will appear no less so in his wrath, his justice, and his punishment of sin. Reflecting on this, the Lord himself said through Jeremiah: "Will you not fear me?"✦ "And will you not tremble before me?" "For I am the one who set the sand as a boundary for the sea, with a command so fixed and permanent that it will never cross it; and though its waves grow fierce and rise to the sky, they won't be strong enough to pass the line I have marked out for them." It is as if he were saying more clearly: "Isn't it right that you should fear the arm of a God who is as powerful as the greatness of this work declares?" "He who, just as he is great and wonderful in all his works, will likewise be so in his punishments; and just as he is most worthy to be exalted and adored for the one, he deserves to be feared and revered for the other." For this reason, that same prophet feared and trembled—even though he was innocent and had been sanctified in his mother's womb—when he said: Who will not tremble before you, King of the nations?✦✦ For yours, Lord, is the glory.✦ And in another place, he says: I was alone and set apart from the company of men, because, Lord, my heart was full of fear of your threats.✦ And though this prophet knew very well that the threats were not aimed at him, they were still such that they made him tremble; and for this reason it is rightly said that the pillars of heaven shake before God's majesty, and that those great principalities and sovereign powers also fear before him—not because they are unsure of their glory, but because the greatness of the divine Majesty fills them with awe and wonder.✦7 So if even they are not without fear, what should the guilty do—those who despise God? For these are the ones on whom he will unleash the whirlwind of his wrath. This, then, is one of the chief reasons for fearing how great this punishment is, as St. John clearly teaches us in his Apocalypse. Speaking of God's scourges and punishments, he says: In a single day all her plagues will come upon Babylon—death, mourning, famine, and fire—because strong is God, who is to judge her.✦ And because the Apostle knew this Lord's strength so well, he said that it is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of God.✦ It isn't a horrible thing to fall into the hands of men, because they aren't so powerful that no one can escape them, nor are they strong enough to cast a soul into hell.✦ And so the Savior said to his disciples: Do not fear those who can do no more than kill the body, and after that have nothing left they can do.✦ I want to show you whom you ought to fear: Fear the one who, after the body is dead, has power to cast the soul into hell.✦ This one, I tell you, is the one to fear.✦ These, then, are the hands into which, with good reason, the Apostle says it is a horrible thing to fall.✦ And so it seems that those who said in Ecclesiasticus knew well what these hands could do: If we do not do penance, we will fall into the hands of8 God, and not of men.9 All these things make it clear that just as God is great in power, majesty, and all his works, so too will he be great in wrath, justice, and the punishment of the wicked.

The Testimony of Scripture and Mercy

Historical examples of divine punishment and the nature of God's mercy reveal the depth of the judgment awaiting the unrepentant.

II. This becomes even clearer when we consider the greatness of divine justice, for this punishment is its work. We see this reflected in its effects—specifically, the terrifying punishments of God that fill the Divine Scriptures. Think of the terrifying punishment of Dathan and Abiram and all their followers, whom the earth swallowed alive and plunged into the depths of hell because they rebelled against their superiors!10 . Who has ever heard of threats and curses like those we read in Deuteronomy against those who break the law? Where, among other terrible and terrifying threats, God speaks thus: I will send against you armies of enemies who will surround your cities and put you in such great distress and need that the delicate lady who could scarcely stand on her feet because of her great delicacy and tenderness, when she gives birth, will come to eat the afterbirth, and the blood, and the membranes in which the child came wrapped—and this in secret from her husband, so as not to give him a share of them—so great will be the hunger she suffers.✦11 These are terrifying punishments; yet these, like all punishments carried out in this life, are merely a small shadow and figure of those reserved for the next—the time when divine justice will shine upon those who here despised its mercy. So then, if the shadow itself is so great and so terrifying, what will the reality be? And if it's so bitter even now—when justice is tempered by mercy, and the cup of the Lord's wrath is served so diluted—what will it be like when it's given pure, and when judgment without mercy is dealt to those who haven't practiced mercy, even though the punishment is always less than what sin deserves?✦✦12 III. But not only the greatness of justice, but also that of mercy itself—by which the wicked are so greatly favored—helps us understand how great this punishment is. For what could be more terrifying than to see God, clothed in flesh, suffer every torment and dishonor he endured in that flesh, until he ended his life on a wooden cross? What greater mercy could there be than for him to come down and take upon himself all the debts of the world, to free the world from them, and to pour out his blood for the very people who were shedding it? So then, just as the works of divine mercy are terrifying, so too must those of his justice be. Because there is nothing greater or lesser in God—since everything that is in God is God—his justice must necessarily be as great as his mercy, as far as justice itself is concerned.13 And so, just as from the measure of one arm we gather the measure of the other, so from the greatness of the arm of mercy we know the greatness of the arm of justice, since both are of the same kind. So I ask you now: if, at the time God chose to show the world the greatness of his mercy, he did things so marvelous and unbelievable that the world itself counted them as folly, what do you think he will do when the time of the second coming arrives, appointed to display the greatness of his justice—especially when there are as many reasons to use his justice as there are wicked deeds in the world? For mercy had no outside help, since there was nothing in our humanity that deserved it; but justice will have as many aids and goads to reveal itself as there have been sins in the world. So that from this you may guess how terrifying it will be. Saint Bernard sets this out very well in an Advent sermon, in these words: «Just as at his first coming the Lord showed himself very ready to forgive, so at the second he will be very severe in punishing. And just as there is no one now who cannot be reconciled with him, there will be no one then who can; because just as his kindness was revealed beyond measure at his first coming, so will be the rigor of the justice shown at the last. For God is immense and infinite in justice, just as he is in mercy.14 Great to forgive and great to punish; though mercy holds the first place, if we take care that justice finds nothing on which to discharge its rigor.» These are Saint Bernard's words, through which we see how God's own mercy reveals how great his justice will be. And the Psalmist explained both things divinely when he said: Our God is God, whose work it is to save men and free them from the gates of death; yet even so, he will crush the heads of his enemies, down to the last✦15 the hair of those who persist in their crimes.16 So you see, then, how though he is so gentle toward those who turn to him, he is so severe toward the hardened and rebellious?

The Accumulation of Wrath

The sinner's persistent ingratitude and malice act as a storehouse of wrath, which will be met with a just and proportional recompense.

IV. God's patience shows us the same thing, both toward the world as a whole and toward each wicked person. We see many people who are so godless that from the moment they first gained the use of reason until their final years, they've spent most of their lives offending God, scorning his commandments, and paying no attention to his promises, threats, benefits, warnings, or anything else at all. And through all that time that supreme goodness and patience waited for them, without cutting the thread of their life and without ceasing to call them by many paths to repentance, without seeing any amendment in them. So, when all this long patience finally ends and he releases the dam of his wrath—which has been gathering little by little for so many years in the bosom of his justice—with what force and power will it come crashing down on them?17 What else did the Apostle mean when he said: "Do you not realize, man, that God's kindness is waiting for you and calling you to repentance?" But you, by your great hardness, and by that heart so shut against repentance, are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of God's just judgment, who will give to each one according to his works. What does "you are storing up wrath" mean, if not this: just as someone who piles up treasure adds money to money and riches to riches every day so the heap grows, so too does God, every day and every hour, increase the treasure of his wrath, even as the wicked person, through their evil works, is always increasing the reasons for it? Tell me now: if a man were in such a rush to gather treasure that not a day or hour passed without him adding to it, and he did this for fifty or sixty years, how great a treasure would he find when he finally opened his chests? So then—how miserable you are! Hardly a day or hour passes without you adding to the store of this divine wrath, which grows every hour with each of your sins.✦ For even if you had nothing more than the impure looks of your eyes, the evil desires and hatreds of your heart, and the words and oaths of your mouth, that alone would be enough to fill a world.18 So, when all the rest is added to this, what a treasure of wrath will you have heaped up against yourself after so many years?✦ V. If you look closely, the ingratitude and malice of the wicked also make it clear just how great this punishment must be. If that isn't enough, consider God's immense kindness and generosity toward people: what He has done, said, and suffered for them in this world, the opportunities He has provided for them to live well, what He has overlooked and forgiven, the good He has done for them, and the evils from which He has delivered them, along with the many other favors and benefits He grants them every day.19 Now look at how people forget God, their ingratitude, their rebellion, their disloyalty, their blasphemies, and their contempt for Him and His commandments. This contempt is so great that they trample everything God commands underfoot—not just for some advantage, but often for no reason at all, out of sheer malice and shamelessness.20 So the one who despises that so great majesty in this way, as if he were a wooden god; who so many times, as Saint Paul says, trampled the Son of God and despised the blood of his covenant; who so many times crucified him and struck him with worse deeds than a pagan would do — what can he expect, except that when the hour of reckoning comes, so great a recompense for God's honor will be exacted at the wicked man's expense as the injury done against him was great?✦ Since God is a just judge, it is His role to ensure equality and sufficient recompense between the punishment of the offender and the dishonor of the One who was injured. So if God is the one injured here, what payment will be exacted from the body and soul of the condemned, so that the straps are cut from his own hide, and the recompense for such injuries comes from his sufferings?21 And if the blood of the Son of God was required to make recompense for offenses against God—making up for the lack of severity in the penalty with the dignity of His Person—what will it be like when this recompense must be made not with the dignity of the person, but with the magnitude of the punishment alone?22

The Cruelty of the Executioner

The devil, as the instrument of divine justice, is shown to be a merciless executioner, highlighting the horror of falling into his hands.

VI. Consider, moreover, beyond the nature of the Judge, also that of the executioner who is to carry out his sentence—the devil—so that from this you may see what you can expect from such hands. And to understand something of this executioner's cruelty, look at what he did to a man over whom he was given power—namely holy Job—for he did everything that could possibly be done against a rational creature, without regard for any kind of gentleness or pity.23 He burned his sheep, stole all his other larger livestock, took his servants captive, tore down his houses, killed all his children, covered him from head to foot with sores and worms, leaving him no other relief than a dunghill to sit on and a piece of pottery with which to scrape the discharge running from his wounds; and on top of all this, he left him his wife and2425 his friends—whom he spared with greater cruelty than if he had killed them—so that they, with their words, would be for him other, still crueler worms, that would go so far as to gnaw at his insides.26 This is what he did to holy Job. But what did he do to the Savior of the world on that sorrowful night when He was handed over to the power of darkness?✦ This cannot be explained in a few words. So then, if this enemy and all his companions are so fierce, so inhuman, so bloodthirsty, so hostile to the human race, and so powerful to harm—when you, wretched as you are, find yourself in their hands so they can inflict every cruelty they please upon you, according to the dispensation of divine justice, and that not for a single day or night, but for ages upon ages—does it seem to you that you'll be well off in such hands? Oh, how dark that day will be when you find yourself like that in the power of such wolves! Saint John speaks of these same demons again in his Apocalypse, using even more terrifying imagery: "I saw a star that fell from heaven to the earth, and to it were given the keys to the shaft of the abyss."✦ Those are Saint John's words up to this point. So I ask you now: what did the Holy Spirit—the author of this writing—mean when he used these unprecedented, horrific images to help us grasp the magnitude of the scourges of divine justice? What did he mean, if not to warn us, by the terrifying horror of these things, what God's wraths will be, what the instruments of his justice, what the punishments of the wicked, and what the powers of our adversaries—so that, with the horror of such great things, we would tremble to offend God? For what star is this that fell from heaven, to which the keys of the abyss were given, if not that so radiant angel who fell from there, to whom the principality of darkness was given?✦ And who are those fierce, heavily armed locusts, if not the furies and weapons of his fellow ministers and helpers—the demons?✦ And who are the green plants they cannot harm, if not the righteous, who flourish with the sap of divine grace and bear fruit for eternal life?✦27 And who are those who lack God's mark, if not those who do not have His Spirit—the mark of His servants and the sheep of His flock?✦ So the army of divine justice is prepared against these wretched people, so that in this life and the next—each in its own way—they may be tormented by the very demons they served, just as the Egyptians were tormented by the flies and gnats they worshiped. So what will it be to see, in that place, these monsters and masks so horrible?28 What will it be to see there that hungry dragon, and that coiled serpent, and that great Behemoth of which it is written in Job—who stiffens his tail like a cedar, who drinks up the rivers and grazes the mountains?✦ .29 All these things, carefully considered, make it plain enough how great the punishments of the wicked must be; for what else can be expected from all these great realities set out here, if not the most terrible punishments? What can be expected from the immensity and greatness of God? And from the greatness of his justice in punishing sins? And from the greatness of his patience in bearing with sinners?30 And from the multitude of blessings with which he so often sought to draw them to himself? And from the greatness of the hatred with which he abhors sin—since it offends infinite majesty, it deserves infinite hatred? And from the greatness of our enemies' fury—so powerful to torment us, and so rabid in their hatred of us? What, then, can be expected from all these sources of greatness, if not the most severe punishment of sin? So if the punishment prepared for sin is so great—and on this there can be no mistake, since that is what the faith preaches to us—why won't those who believe and confess it look at the burden they take on themselves when they sin? For by the very act of committing a sin, they bind themselves to a punishment that so many titles prove is so great.

The Eternity of Punishment

The endless duration of hell's torments is presented as the ultimate reason to embrace penance and virtue in this life.

I. On how long these punishments last. But even though all these considerations go far toward stirring fear, they do far more if we consider how long these pains last. For if they had any kind of end or relief after many thousands of years, this would still be a great comfort to the wicked. But what can I say of eternity, which knows no end, but rather matches, on one side, the very duration of God?31 This span is so vast that, as one doctor says, if one of those wretched souls shed a single physical tear every thousand years, more water would flow from his eyes than the whole world could hold.32 So what could be more to fear? Truly, this is something so great that, if every torment in hell were no more than a single pinprick, yet if it had to last forever, that alone should be enough for people to take on all the labors of this world in order to avoid this pain.33 Oh, if this duration — oh, if this forever — made its home in your heart, how much good it would do you!34 We read of a man of the world who once set himself to think carefully about the duration of these torments, and, terrified by such an endless thing, reasoned: «No sane person would accept the empire of the world if the condition were that they had to lie in a bed, even one of roses and flowers, for thirty or forty years. If that’s the case, what madness is it to risk lying in a bed of fire for endless ages for the sake of things so much lesser?»35 This single thought dug so deep and worked so powerfully in him that it made him change his life; he was so transformed that he later became a great saint and a prelate of the church.36 So how do the soft and pampered answer this—those who stay awake all night because of the buzz of a single mosquito—when they find themselves stretched out on this bed of fire, hemmed in by flames on every side, not for a single summer night, but for an eternity?37 The prophet Isaiah puts this question to them, saying: Who among you can dwell with the everlasting burnings?✦ Who will dare to live with the devouring fire?✦38 . What shoulders could be so hard that they could bear this scorching heat for so long a stretch?39 Oh, how senseless people are! Oh men, duped by that ancient deceiver and overturner of the world!✦ For what could be more foreign to reason than this: that men are so careful to provide for every trifle of this life, and yet so unfeeling toward things of such importance? What do we see, if we don't see this? What do we fear, if we don't fear this? What do we provide for, if we don't provide for this?40 If that is the case, how can we not gladly choose the side of virtue, even if it requires hard work, so that we might flee from such great evil? For it is certain that if God were now to make this bargain with a man and say to him: “You must have, for the whole time you live, a pain of gout, or of a single tooth, but so sharp that it will not let you rest night or day; or, if you want to be spared this pain, you must become a Carthusian friar, or a Discalced friar, or do the penance they do all their lives: look which of these two things you want”—there is no man so far gone who, using good reason, even if only out of the love he has for himself, would not choose any of these professions rather than suffer this martyrdom for that stretch of time.41 Since the torments we are discussing are so much greater, and since they last so much longer, and since what God asks of us is so much less than becoming a Discalced or Carthusian friar, how can we not accept such a small labor to avoid such a long-drawn-out torment? Who doesn't see that this is the greatest of all the world's deceptions? But his punishment will be this: because the man wouldn't redeem such a great evil here with a little penance, he must do eternal penance there, and it won't do him any good. As a figure of this, we read that the furnace of fire Nebuchadnezzar lit in Babylon, by raising its flames forty-nine cubits high, fell one cubit short of the number fifty—which makes a year of jubilee—to help us understand that the flame of that eternal smoke of Babylon, which is hell, though it burns so fiercely and torments those wretched ones so severely, still doesn't win them the remission and grace of the true jubilee.42 Oh, fruitless pains! Oh, barren tears! Oh, harsh penance, and without any hope! How little of what they suffer there without fruit, if taken on willingly here, would have been enough to give them a remedy! How easily so many evils could be redeemed here with such light labors! So let springs of water pour from our eyes, and let the groans of our heart not cease.✦ For that reason I will wail and weep—says the Prophet—and I will go out along those roads stripped and naked.✦43 I will make a wailing like dragons, and a mourning like ostriches; because her wound is already beyond hope, and this evil has no cure.✦4445

A Final Call to Wisdom

The author concludes by rebuking the world's folly and urging the reader to prioritize the soul over worldly goods before the end of life.

If people didn't believe these things were true, or didn't consider them such a great truth, it wouldn't be any great wonder that this carelessness took hold of them. But holding all this by faith, and knowing for certain that—as the Savior says—heaven and earth will pass away before this ceases to be, and that even so those who believe it live with such strange carelessness: this is something beyond all wonder. Tell me, blind and lost man: what honey can you find in all the riches and goods of the world that is worth buying at this price? "If you had," says St. Jerome, "the wisdom of Solomon, the beauty of Absalom, the strength of Samson, the years and life of Enoch, the riches of Croesus, and the power of Octavian—what good would all these things do you if, at the end of life, the body were given over to the worms and the soul to the demons, to be tormented with the rich miser in the everlasting torments?" Let this be enough for the first part of the exhortation to virtue. Now we'll discuss the unique privileges promised to it in this life.46

Read the original Spanish

Bastaba la menor parte deste galardón para mover nuestros corazones al amor de la virtud, por la cual tanto bien se alcanza. Pues ¿qué será si con la grandeza de esta gloria juntamos también la grandeza de la pena que está a los malos aparejada? Porque no se puede aquí el malo consolar, diciendo: «Si fuere malo, todo lo hace no ir a gozar de Dios; y en lo demás, ni tendré pena ni gloria». No es así, sino que forzadamente nos ha de caber una destas dos suertes tan desiguales: porque o habemos de reinar para siempre con Dios, o arder para siempre con los demonios; ca no se da medio entre estos dos extremos, sino es el limbo, o el purgatorio. Estas son, en figura, aquellas dos canastas que mostró Dios al profeta Jeremías ante las puertas del templo, en una visión: la una llena de higos buenos, en gran manera buenos, y la otra de higos malos, y tan malos, que no se podían comer (cf. Jer

24,2). En lo cual quiso significar Dios al profeta dos maneras de personas: unas, con quien había de usar de misericordia, y otras, con quien había de usar de justicia; y la suerte de los unos era tan buena, que no podía ser mejor, y la de los otros tan mala, que no podía ser peor; pues la suerte de los buenos es ver a Dios, que es el mayor bien de los bienes, y la de los malos, carecer eternalmente de Dios, que es el mayor mal de los males.

Esto debían considerar los que se atreven a cometer un pecado mortal, para ver la carga que toman sobre sí. Los hombres que viven de llevar y traer cargas a cuestas, cuando son alquilados para llevar alguna, primero la miran muy bien, y prueban a levantarla, para ver si podrán con ella. Pues tú, miserable, que estás cebado en la golosina del pecado, y por ese precio te obligas a llevar sobre ti la carga dél, mira, ruégote, primero, lo que esta carga pesa, que es la pena que por él se da, para ver si tienes hombros en que llevarla. Y, porque mejor puedas hacer esto, quiero ponerte aquí algunas consideraciones, por las cuales podrás entender algo de la grandeza desta pena; para que más claro veas la grandeza de la carga que sobre ti tomas, cuando pecas. Y, aunque desta materia tratamos en otros lugares, pero aquí la trataremos por otros medios diferentes, que es por algunas razones y consideraciones que esto nos declaren; porque ella es tan copiosa, que da motivo para todo esto y mucho más.

I. Entre las cuales, la primera es considerar la inmensidad y grandeza de Dios que ha de castigar el pecado; el cual en todas sus obras es Dios, quiero decir, en todas grande y admirable, no sólo en la mar y en la tierra y en el cielo, sino también en el infierno, y en todo lo ál. Pues, si este Señor en todas sus obras es Dios, y parece Dios, no menos lo parecerá en la ira, y en la justicia, y en el castigo del pecado. Por esta consideración dijo el mismo Señor por Jeremías: ¿A mí no temeréis? , ¿y de mí no temblaréis? Pues yo soy el que puse las arenas por término de la mar, con tan fijo y perpetuo mandamiento, que nunca jamás lo traspasarán; y, aunque se embravezcan sus olas y se levanten hasta el cielo, no serán poderosas para pasar la raya que yo les tengo señalada. Como si más claramente dijera: «¿No será razón que temáis el brazo de un Dios tan poderoso, cuanto declara la grandeza desta obra? El cual, así como es grande y admirable en todas sus obras, así también lo será en sus castigos; y que, así como por lo uno es dignísimo de ser engrandecido y adorado, así por lo otro merece ser temido y reverenciado».

Pues por esto temía y temblaba este mismo profeta —aunque era inocente y santificado en el vientre de su madre —, cuando decía: ¿Quién no temblará de ti, Rey de las gentes? Porque tuya, Señor, es la gloria. Y en otro lugar: Estaba yo —dice él— solo y apartado de la compañía de los hombres, por estar, Señor, mi corazón lleno de temor de vuestras amenazas. Y, aunque sabía muy bien este profeta que las amenazas no eran contra él, todavía ellas eran tales, que le hacían temblar; y por esto se dice, con razón, que tiemblan las colunas del cielo ante la majestad de Dios, y que temen otrosí delante dél aquellos grandes principados y poderes soberanos; no porque no están seguros de su gloria, sino porque les pone espanto y admiración la grandeza de la Majestad divina. Pues, si estos no carecen de temor, ¿qué deben hacer los culpados, los menospreciadores de Dios? Pues estos son sobre quien él ha de descargar el torbellino de su ira. Esta es, pues, una de las principales causas que hay para temer la grandeza deste castigo, como claramente nos lo enseña san Juan en su Apocalipsis, donde, hablando de los azotes y castigos de Dios, dice así: En un día vendrán sobre Babilonia todas sus plagas: muerte, llanto, hambre y fuego; porque fuerte es Dios, que la ha de juzgar. Y, porque conocía muy bien el Apóstol la fortaleza deste Señor, dijo que era cosa horrible caer en las manos de Dios.

No es cosa horrible caer en las manos de los hombres, porque ni son tan poderosas que nadie se pueda escapar dellas, ni tan fuertes que basten para echar un ánima en el infierno. Por donde decía el Salvador a sus discípulos: No queráis temer aquellos que no pueden hacer más que matar el cuerpo, y después no les queda que hacer. Quiéroos yo mostrar a quién hayáis de temer: Temed a aquel que, después de muerto el cuerpo, tiene poder para echar el ánima en el infierno. Este os digo yo que es para temer. Estas son, pues, las manos en las cuales, con mucha razón, dice el Apóstol que es horrible cosa caer. Y así parece que tenían bien conocido a qué sabían estas manos aquellos que en el Eclesiástico decían: Si no hiciéremos penitencia, caeremos en las manos de

Dios, y no de los hombres. Las cuales cosas todas dan bien a entender que, así como Dios es grande en el poder, y en la majestad, y en todas sus obras, así también lo será en la ira, en la justicia y en el castigo de los malos.

II. Lo mismo parece aún más claro considerando en especial la grandeza de la divina justicia, cuya obra es este castigo. Esta se nos trasluce algún tanto por sus efectos, que es por los castigos espantosos de Dios, de que están llenas las Escrituras Divinas. ¡Qué castigo tan espantoso fue aquel de Datán y Abirón, y de todos sus consortes, los cuales tragó la tierra vivos y sumió en lo profundo de los infiernos, porque se levantaron contra sus prelados! . ¿Quién jamás oyó tal linaje de amenazas y maldiciones, como aquellas que leemos en el Deuteronomio contra los quebrantadores de la ley? Donde, entre otras terribles y espantosas amenazas, dice Dios así: Enviaré contra vosotros ejércitos de enemigos, los cuales cercarán vuestras ciudades, y os pondrán en tan grande aprieto y necesidad, que la señora delicada que no se podía tener en los pies por su grande delicadeza y ternura, cuando pariere, vendrá a comer las pares, y la sangre, y las heces en que salió envuelta la criatura; y esto, a escondidas de su marido, por no darle parte dellas; tan grande será el hambre que padecerá. Espantosos castigos son estos; mas, así estos, como todos los que se ejecutaron en esta vida, no son más que una pequeña sombra y figura de los que están guardados para la otra, que es el tiempo en que ha de resplandecer la divina justicia en aquellos que aquí despreciaron su misericordia.

Pues, si tal y tan temerosa es la sombra, ¿cuál será la misma verdad? Y, si ahora —cuando la justicia anda tan templada con la misericordia, y el cáliz de la ira del Señor se da tan aguado — es tan desabrido, ¿qué hará, cuando se dé puro, y cuando se haga juicio sin misericordia con los que no hubieren usado de misericordia, aunque sea siempre menor el castigo de lo que merece el pecado?

III. Mas no sólo la grandeza de la justicia, sino también la de la misma misericordia, con quien tanto se favorecen los malos, nos da a entender la grandeza deste castigo. Porque ¿qué cosa de mayor espanto que ver a Dios, vestido de carne, padecer en ella todos los tormentos y deshonras que padeció, hasta acabar la vida en un madero? ¿Qué mayor misericordia que descender él a tomar sobre sí todas las deudas del mundo, para descargar dellas al mundo, y derramar su sangre, por aquellos mismos que la derramaban? Pues, así como son espantables las obras de la divina misericordia, así también lo han de ser las de su justicia; porque, como en Dios no haya cosa mayor ni menor, pues todo lo que hay en Dios es Dios, cuan grande es su misericordia, tan grande es necesario que sea su justicia; cuanto es de parte della. Por donde, así como por la cantidad de un brazo sacamos la del otro, así por la grandeza del brazo de la misericordia se conoce la del brazo de la justicia, pues ambos son de una misma manera. Pues ruégote ahora me digas: Si en el tiempo que Dios quiso mostrar al mundo la grandeza de su misericordia hizo cosas tan admirables y tan increíbles al mundo, que el mismo mundo las vino a tener por locura, cuando se llegare el tiempo de la segunda venida, diputado para declarar la grandeza de su justicia, ¿qué te parece que hará, mayormente habiendo tantas causas para usar de su justicia, cuantas son las maldades del mundo? Porque la misericordia no tuvo quien de fuera así la ayudase, pues no había de parte de nuestra humanidad cosa que la mereciese; mas la justicia tendrá tantas ayudas y estímulos para declararse, cuantos pecados ha habido en el mundo.

Para que por aquí puedas conjeturar qué tan espantable será.

Esto declara muy bien san Bernardo en un sermón del Adviento, por estas palabras: «Así como en la primera venida se mostró el Señor muy fácil para perdonar, así en la segunda será muy riguroso en castigar. Y, como ahora ninguno hay que no se pueda reconciliar con él, así entonces ninguno habrá que lo pueda hacer; porque, así como la benignidad en la primera venida se descubrió sobre toda manera, así será el rigor de la justicia que en la postrera se mostrará. Ca inmenso es Dios e infinito en la justicia, así como en la misericordia. Grande para perdonar y grande para castigar; aunque la misericordia tiene el primer lugar, si nosotros procuráremos que no halle la justicia sobre qué descargar su rigor». Hasta aquí son palabras de san Bernardo, por las cuales vemos cómo la misma misericordia de Dios nos declara cuán grande será su justicia. Y lo uno y lo otro divinamente explicó el Salmista, cuando dijo: Nuestro Dios es Dios, cuyo oficio es salvar los hombres y librarlos de las puertas de la muerte; mas, con todo eso, él quebrantará las cabezas de sus enemigos, hasta el postrer

pelo de los que perseveran en sus delitos. ¿Ves, luego, cómo siendo tan blando para los que a él se convierten, es tan riguroso para los endurecidos y rebeldes?

IV. Lo mismo también nos declara la paciencia de Dios, así para con todo el mundo, como para con cada uno de los malos; porque vemos muchos hombres tan desalmados, que, desde que abrieron los ojos de la razón hasta los postreros años de su vida, la mayor parte della gastaron en ofender a Dios y despreciar sus mandamientos, sin hacer caso ni de sus promesas, ni de sus amenazas, ni de sus beneficios, ni de sus avisos, ni de otra cosa alguna. Y en todo este tiempo los aguardó aquella suma bondad y paciencia, sin cortarles el hilo de la vida y sin dejar de llamarlos por muchas vías a penitencia, sin ver en ellos enmienda. Pues, cuando acabada toda esta tan larga paciencia, suelte él contra ellos la represa de su ira, que por tantos años se ha ido poco a poco recogiendo en el seno de su justicia, ¿con qué ímpetu, con qué fuerza vendrá a dar sobre ellos? ¿Qué otra cosa quiso significar el Apóstol, cuando dijo: No miras, hombre, que la benignidad de Dios te aguarda y te llama a penitencia? Mas tú, por tu gran dureza, y por ese corazón tan cerrado a penitencia, atesoras contra ti ira el día del justo juicio de Dios, el cual dará a cada uno según sus obras. Pues ¿qué quiere decir atesoras ira, sino dar a entender que, como el que allega tesoro va cada día añadiendo dineros a dineros y riquezas a riquezas, para que así crezca el montón, así también Dios va cada día y cada hora acrecentando más y más el tesoro de su ira, así como el malo con sus malas obras va siempre acrecentando las causas de ella? Pues dime ahora: Si un hombre se diese tanta priesa a juntar tesoro, que no se pasase día ni hora que no acrecentase algo en él, y esto por espacio de cincuenta o sesenta años, cuando después deste tiempo abriese sus arcas, ¿qué tan gran tesoro hallaría?

Pues, ¡oh miserable de ti! , que apenas hay día ni hora que se te pase sin acrecentar contra ti el tesoro desta ira divina, la cual crece a cada hora con cada uno de tus pecados. Porque, aunque no hubieses más que las vistas deshonestas de tus ojos, y los malos deseos y odios de tu corazón, y las palabras y juramentos de tu boca, esto solo bastaba para hinchir un mundo. Pues, cuando con esto se juntare todo lo demás, ¿qué tesoro de ira tendrás allegado contra ti a cabo de tantos años?

V. La ingratitud también de los malos, y su malicia, si bien se mira, da a entender por su parte cuán grande haya de ser este castigo. Si no, ponte a considerar, por una parte, la inmensa benignidad y largueza de Dios para con los hombres, lo que en este mundo tiene hecho y dicho y padecido por ellos, los aparejos y oportunidades que para bien vivir les ha dado, lo que les ha disimulado y perdonado, los bienes que les ha hecho, los males de que los ha librado, con otras muchas maneras de favores y beneficios que cada día les hace. Mira, por otra parte, el olvido de los hombres para con Dios, su ingratitud, su rebeldía, su deslealtad, sus blasfemias, el menosprecio de él y de sus mandamientos, el cual es tan grande, que no sólo por cualquier interese que se les ofrezca, sino muchas veces de balde y sin propósito, por sola maldad y desvergüenza, ponen debajo los pies todo cuanto manda Dios. Pues quien desta manera desprecia aquella tan grande majestad, como si fuera un dios de palo; quien tantas veces, como dice san Pablo, pisó al Hijo de Dios y despreció la sangre de su testamento; quien tantas veces lo crucificó y abofeteó con peores obras que hiciera un pagano, ¿qué puede esperar, sino que, cuando llegue la hora de la cuenta, se haga, a costa del malo, tan grande recompensa de la honra de Dios, cuan grande fue la injuria hecha contra él? Porque, pues Dios es justo juez, a él pertenece hacer igualdad y recompensa suficiente entre el castigo del que injurió, con la deshonra del injuriado. Pues, si Dios es aquí el injuriado, ¿qué entrega se hará en el cuerpo y ánima del condenado, para que del cuero salgan las correas, y de sus dolores la recompensa de tales injurias? Y, si fue menester la sangre del Hijo de Dios para hacer recompensa de las ofensas de Dios, supliéndose con la dignidad de la persona lo que faltaba de rigor a la pena, ¿qué será donde se haya de hacer esta recompensa, no con la dignidad de la persona, sino con sola la grandeza de la pena?

VI. Considera otrosí, demás de la condición del Juez, también la del verdugo que ha de ejecutar su sentencia, que es el demonio, para que por aquí veas lo que de tales manos puedes esperar. Y, para entender algo de la crueldad de este ejecutor, mira cuál paró a un hombre sobre quien le fue dado poder, que fue el santo Job; porque, todo cuanto fue posible hacer contra una criatura racional, hizo, sin tener respeto a ningún género de blandura ni piedad. Quemole las ovejas, robole todos los otros ganados mayores, cautivole los criados, derribole las casas, matole todos los hijos, cubriole de pies a cabeza de cáncer y de gusanos, sin dejarle otro refrigerio más que un muladar en que se asentase y un pedazo de teja con que rallase la materia que de sus llagas corría; y sobre todo esto, dejole la mujer y

los amigos —a quien con mayor crueldad perdonó que matara—, para que ellos, con sus palabras, le fuesen otros gusanos más crueles, que llegasen hasta roerle las entrañas. Esto hizo con el santo Job. Mas ¿qué hizo con el Salvador del mundo en aquella dolorosa noche, en que fue entregado al poder de las tinieblas? Esto no se puede explicar en pocas palabras.

Pues, si este enemigo y todos sus consortes son tan fieros, tan inhumanos, tan carniceros, tan amigos de sangre, tan enemigos del linaje humano y tan poderosos para dañar, cuando tú, miserable, te veas en sus manos para que ejecuten en ti todas las crueldades que quisieren, según la dispensación de la divina justicia, y esto, no por una noche y un día, sino por todos los siglos de los siglos, ¿parécete que estarás bien librado en tales manos? ¡Oh, qué día tan escuro será aquel, cuando así te veas en poder de tales lobos!

De los mismos demonios habla aún por más horribles figuras san Juan en su Apocalipsis, diciendo: Vi una estrella que cayó del cielo a la tierra, a la cual fueron dadas las llaves del pozo del abismo. Hasta aquí son palabras de san Juan. Ruégote, pues, ahora, me digas: ¿Qué pretendía el Espíritu Santo, que es el autor desta escritura, cuando debajo destas horribles figuras, nunca oídas, nos quiso dar a entender la grandeza de los azotes de la divina justicia? ¿Qué pretendía, sino avisarnos, por el horror espantable destas cosas, cuáles serán las iras de Dios, cuáles los instrumentos de su justicia, cuáles los castigos de los malos, cuáles las fuerzas de nuestros adversarios, para que con el horror de tan grandes cosas temblásemos de ofender a Dios? Porque ¿qué estrella es esta que cayó del cielo, a quien fueron dadas las llaves del abismo, sino aquel ángel tan resplandeciente que de allí cayó, a quien fue dado el principado de las tinieblas? ¿Y quién son aquellas langostas tan fieras y tan armadas, sino las furias y armas de los otros sus coadjutores y ministros, que son los demonios? ¿Quién las plantas verdes a quien ellos no pueden dañar, sino los justos, que florecen con el humor de la divina gracia y dan frutos de vida eterna? ¿Quién los que no tienen sobre sí la señal de Dios, sino los que carecen de su espíritu, que es la señal de sus siervos y de las ovejas de su manada?

Pues contra estos miserables se apareja aquel ejército de la divina justicia, para que en esta vida y en la otra (en cada cual, de su manera) sean atormentados por los mismos demonios a quien sirvieron; así como los egipcios fueron atormentados por las moscas y mosquitos a quien ellos adoraban. Pues ¿qué será ver en aquel lugar estos monstruos y máscaras tan horribles? ¿Qué será ver allí aquel dragón hambriento, y aquella culebra enroscada, y aquel grande Behemot, de que se escribe en Job, que aprieta la cola como cedro, que bebe los ríos y pace los montes? .

Todas estas cosas, bien consideradas, nos declaran asaz qué tan grandes hayan de ser las penas de los malos; porque ¿qué otra cosa se puede esperar de todas estas grandezas que aquí se han dicho, sino grandísimos castigos? ¿Qué se puede esperar de la inmensidad y grandeza de Dios? , ¿y de la grandeza de su justicia para castigar los pecados? , ¿y de la grandeza de su paciencia para sufrir los pecadores? , ¿y de la muchedumbre de los beneficios con que tantas veces los procuró traer a sí? , ¿y de la grandeza del odio con que aborrece al pecado (pues por ser ofensivo de infinita majestad, merece odio infinito)? , ¿y de la grandeza del furor de nuestros enemigos, tan poderosos para atormentarnos y tan rabiosos para malquerernos? ¿Qué se puede, pues, esperar de todas estas causas de grandeza, sino grandísimo castigo del pecado?

Pues, si tan grande es la pena que está aparejada para el pecado, y en esto no puede haber falta, pues así nos lo predica la fe, ¿por qué causa, los que esto creen y confiesan, no mirarán la carga que sobre sí toman, cuando pecan, pues por el mismo caso que cometen un pecado, se obligan a una pena que por tantos títulos se prueba ser tan grande?

I. De la duración destas penas

Mas, aunque todas estas consideraciones sean mucho para causar temor, mucho más lo es si consideramos la duración destas penas. Porque, si en ellas hubiera alguna manera de término o de alivio a cabo de muchos millares de años, todavía fuera este gran consuelo para los malos. Mas ¿qué diré de la eternidad, que ningún término reconoce, sino que iguala por una parte con la misma duración de Dios? El cual espacio es tan grande, que, como dice un doctor, si uno de aquellos malaventurados en cada mil años derramase una sola lágrima material, más agua saldría de sus ojos, que cupiese en todo el mundo. Pues ¿qué cosa más para temer? Verdaderamente cosa es esta tan

grande, que, si todas cuantas penas hay en el infierno no fueran más que una sola punzada de un alfiler, habiendo de durar para siempre, sólo esto debiera bastar para que los hombres se pusiesen a todos los trabajos deste mundo por evitar esta pena. ¡Oh, si esta duración, oh, si este para siempre hiciese manida en tu corazón, cuánto provecho te haría! De un hombre del mundo leemos que, poniéndose una vez a pensar muy de propósito en esta duración de penas, y espantado de cosa tan prolija, hizo entre sí esta consideración: «Ningún hombre cuerdo hay que aceptase el imperio del mundo, con condición que le obligasen a estar acostado en una cama, aunque fuese de rosas y flores, por espacio de treinta o cuarenta años. Pues, siendo esto así, ¿qué desatino es por cosas tan menores ponerse en ventura de estar acostado en una cama de fuego por siglos infinitos?» Esta sola consideración cavó tanto y obró tanto en este hombre, que le hizo mudar de vida; y tan mudada, que vino después a ser grande santo y prelado de una iglesia. Pues ¿qué responden a esto los regalados, los que con un zumbido de un mosquito están toda la noche desvelados, cuando se vean tendidos en esta cama de fuego, cercados de llamas por todas partes, y esto, no por una sola noche de verano, sino por una eternidad? Esta pregunta hace a estos el profeta Isaías, diciendo: ¿Quién de vosotros podrá morar con los ardores eternos? ¿Quién se atreverá a hacer vida con el fuego tragador?

. ¿Qué espaldas habrá tan duras que puedan sufrir esta calda por espacio tan largo? ¡Oh gente sin seso! , ¡oh hombres embaucados por aquel antiguo engañador y trastornador del mundo! Porque ¿qué cosa más ajena de razón, que, siendo los hombres tan solícitos en proveerse para todas las nonadas desta vida, ser por otra parte tan insensibles para cosas de tanta importancia? ¿Qué vemos, si esto no vemos? , ¿qué tememos, si esto no tememos? , ¿qué proveemos, si esto no proveemos?

Pues, siendo esto así, ¿cómo no seguiremos de buena gana el partido de la virtud, aunque fuese muy trabajoso, por huir de tanto mal? Porque es cierto que, si hiciese agora Dios este partido con un hombre, que le dijese: «Tú has de tener todo el tiempo que vivieres un dolor de gota, o de una sola muela, pero tan agudo, que no te deje reposar noche ni día; o, si quieres ahorrar este dolor, has de ser fraile Cartujo, o Descalzo, o hacer la penitencia que ellos hacen toda la vida: mira cuál de estas dos cosas quieres»; no hay hombre tan perdido, que, usando de buena razón, siquiera por el amor que tiene a sí mismo, no escogiese cualquier profesión destas, antes que padecer este martirio por este espacio. Pues, siendo tanto mayores los tormentos de que hablamos, y siendo tanto mayor el espacio que duran, y siendo tanto menos lo que Dios nos pide, que ser fraile Descalzo o Cartujo, ¿cómo no aceptamos un tan pequeño trabajo, por evitar un tan prolijo tormento? ¿Quién no ve ser este el mayor de todos los engaños del mundo?

Mas la pena dél será que, pues el hombre no quiso con un poco de penitencia redimir aquí tanto mal, que haga allí eterna penitencia, y nada le aproveche. En figura de lo cual leemos que aquel horno de fuego que encendió Nabucodonosor en Babilonia, con levantar las llamas cuarenta y nueve codos en alto, por falta de un codo no llegó al número cincuenta, que hace año de jubileo; para dar a entender que la llama de aquel eternal humo de Babilonia, que es el infierno, aunque arde tanto, y atormenta tan gravemente a aquellos malaventurados, no por eso les alcanza la remisión y gracia del jubileo verdadero. ¡Oh penas infructuosas! , ¡oh estériles lágrimas! , ¡oh rigurosa penitencia, y sin ninguna esperanza! ¡Cuán poquito de lo que allí padecen sin fruto, si se tomara aquí de voluntad, bastara para darles remedio! ¡Cuán fácilmente se podrían aquí redimir tantos males, con tan livianos trabajos! Salgan, pues, fuentes de agua por nuestros ojos, y no cesen los gemidos de nuestro corazón.

Por eso plañiré y lloraré —dice el Profeta—, y salirme he por esos caminos despojado y desnudo. Haré llanto como de dragones, y sentimiento como de avestruces; porque ya está desahuciada su llaga, y no tiene cura este mal.

Y, si los hombres no tuviesen todas estas cosas por verdad, o no por tan grande verdad, no era mucho caer en ellos este descuido. Mas, teniendo todo esto por fe, y sabiendo cierto que, como dice el Salvador, antes faltará el cielo y la tierra, que dejar esto de ser, y que, con todo esto, vivan los que esto creen con tan extraño descuido, esto es cosa que excede toda admiración. Dime, hombre ciego y perdido: ¿Qué miel puedes tú hallar en todas las riquezas y bienes del mundo que merezca ser comprada por este precio? «Si tuvieses —dice san Jerónimo— la sabiduría de Salomón, y la hermosura de Absalón, y las fuerzas de Sansón, y los años y vida de Enoch, y las riquezas de Creso, y el poder de Octaviano, ¿qué te pueden aprovechar todas estas cosas, si al fin de la vida el cuerpo se entregare a los gusanos y el ánima a los demonios, para ser atormentada con el rico avariento en los tormentos eternos?»

Esto baste cuanto a la primera parte de la Exhortación a la virtud. Ahora trataremos de los privilegios singulares que en esta vida se le prometen.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Jer.24.2 — One basket had very good figs, like the first-ripe figs; and the other basket had very bad figs, which could not be eaten because of their badness.
  2. ↩Jer.5.22 — Do you not fear me? declares the LORD. Do you not tremble before me? I placed the sand as a boundary for the sea, a perpetual decree that it cannot pass. Though its waves toss, they cannot prevail; though they roar, they cannot pass it.
  3. ↩Jer.10.7 — Who would not fear you, O King of the nations? For that is your due. For among all the wise of the nations and in all their kingdoms there is none like you.
  4. ↩Jer.1.5 — Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, and before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you a prophet to the nations.
  5. ↩Jer.10.7 — Who would not fear you, O King of the nations? For that is your due. For among all the wise of the nations and in all their kingdoms there is none like you.
  6. ↩Jer.15.17 — I did not sit in the company of those who make merry, nor did I rejoice. Because of your hand upon me I sat in solitude, for you had filled me with indignation.
  7. ↩Job.26.11 — The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke.
  8. ↩Rev.18.8 — Because of this, in one day her plagues will come — death, mourning, and famine — and she will be burned up with fire, for the Lord God who judges her is mighty.
  9. ↩Heb.10.31 — It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
  10. ↩Heb.10.31 — It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
  11. ↩Matt.10.28;Luke.12.4 — And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, fear the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. Luke.12.4 — But I say to you, my friends: Do not fear those who kill the body, and after that have nothing more they can do.
  12. ↩Matt.10.28;Luke.12.5 — And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, fear the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. Luke.12.5 — But I will show you whom to fear: fear the one who, after he has killed, has authority to cast into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear him.
  13. ↩Matt.10.28;Luke.12.5 — And do not fear those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather, fear the one who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna. Luke.12.5 — But I will show you whom to fear: fear the one who, after he has killed, has authority to cast into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear him.
  14. ↩Heb.10.31 — It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
  15. ↩Deut.28.52-Deut.28.57 — And he will besiege you in all your gates, until your high and fortified walls come down—the walls in which you trusted throughout all your land. And he will besiege you in all your gates throughout all your land that the LORD your God has given you. Deut.28.53 — You will eat the fruit of your womb, the flesh of your sons and your daughters, whom the LORD your God has given you, during the siege and distress with which your enemy will press you hard. Deut.28.54 — The man who is tender and very delicate among you—his eye will be hostile toward his brother, toward the wife of his bosom, and toward the remnant of his children who remain, Deut.28.55 — so that he will not give to any one of them any of the flesh of his children whom he is eating, because he has nothing left to him, in the siege and hardship that your enemy will inflict on you in all your towns. Deut.28.56 — The tender and delicate woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground because of her daintiness and tenderness, her eye will be hostile toward the husband of her bosom, and toward her son and toward her daughter. Deut.28.57 — and the afterbirth that comes from between her feet, and the children whom she bears—she will eat them, because of utter lack, in secret, in the siege and distress with which your enemy will press you in your gates.
  16. ↩Isa.51.17;Jer.25.15;Rev.14.10 — Awake, awake, stand up, O Jerusalem, you who have drunk from the hand of the LORD the cup of his wrath; the chalice of staggering you have drunk, you have drained. Jer.25.15 — For thus says the LORD, the God of Israel, to me: Take this cup of the wine of wrath from my hand, and make all the nations to whom I am sending you drink it. Rev.14.10 — He also will drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is mixed undiluted in the cup of his anger, and he will be tormented with fire and sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and in the presence of the Lamb.
  17. ↩Jas.2.13 — For judgment is without mercy to one who has shown no mercy; but mercy triumphs over judgment.
  18. ↩Ps.68.21-Ps.68.22;Ps.68.20-Ps.68.21 — God to us is a God of deliverances; and to the LORD the Lord belong the issues from death. Ps.68.22 — Surely God will shatter the head of his enemies, the hairy scalp of one who walks in his guilt. Ps.68.20 — Blessed be the Lord, day by day he bears our burden; the God of our salvation. Selah Ps.68.21 — God to us is a God of deliverances; and to the LORD the Lord belong the issues from death.
  19. ↩Rom.2.5 — But because of your hard and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath and revelation of God's righteous judgment.
  20. ↩Rom.2.5 — But because of your hard and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath and revelation of God's righteous judgment.
  21. ↩Heb.10.29 — How much worse a punishment do you think will be deserved by the one who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, and has regarded as common the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and has insulted the Spirit of grace?
  22. ↩Luke.22.53 — When I was with you day after day in the temple, you did not lay hands on me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.
  23. ↩Rev.9.1 — And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth, and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.
  24. ↩Rev.9.1;Eph.6.12 — And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth, and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. Eph.6.12 — For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places.
  25. ↩Rev.9.3-Rev.9.10 — And out of the smoke came locusts upon the earth, and they were given authority, like the scorpions of the earth have authority. Rev.9.4 — And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads. Rev.9.5 — And they were given authority not to kill them, but to torment them for five months. And their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a person. Rev.9.6 — And in those days people will seek death and will not find it; they will long to die, and death flees from them. Rev.9.7 — And the locusts were like horses prepared for battle; and on their heads were what looked like crowns of gold, and their faces were like human faces. Rev.9.8 — and they had hair like the hair of women, and their teeth were like those of lions. Rev.9.9 — and they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of many horses rushing into battle Rev.9.10 — They have tails like scorpions, and stingers, and in their tails is their power to harm people for five months.
  26. ↩Rev.9.4 — And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads.
  27. ↩Rev.9.4 — And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree, but only those men who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads.
  28. ↩Job.40.17;Job.40.20-Job.40.23 — It makes its tail stiff like a cedar; the sinews of its thighs are tightly knit. Job.40.20 — Surely the mountains bear produce for him, and all the beasts of the field play there. Job.40.21 — Under the lotus trees he lies down, in the cover of the reed and marsh. Job.40.22 — The lotus bushes cover him with their shade; the willows of the brook surround him. Job.40.23 — Surely it seizes the river and is not alarmed; it is confident even when the Jordan rushes into its mouth.
  29. ↩Isa.33.14 — The sinners in Zion are seized with terror; trembling has gripped the godless. "Who among us can dwell with the consuming fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting burning?"
  30. ↩Isa.33.14 — The sinners in Zion are seized with terror; trembling has gripped the godless. "Who among us can dwell with the consuming fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting burning?"
  31. ↩Rev.12.9;John.8.44 — And the great dragon was thrown down—the ancient serpent, the one called the Devil and Satan, the one who deceives the whole world. He was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. John.8.44 — You are of your father the devil, and you desire to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning and has not stood in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks the lie, he speaks from his own, for he is a liar and the father of it.
  32. ↩Jer.9.1 — Oh, that I had in the wilderness a lodging place for travelers, that I might leave my people and go away from them—for they are all adulterers, a company of traitors.
  33. ↩Mic.1.8 — Because of this I will lament and howl; I will go stripped and naked. I will make a mourning like the jackals and a lament like the daughters of the ostrich.
  34. ↩Mic.1.8-Mic.1.9 — Because of this I will lament and howl; I will go stripped and naked. I will make a mourning like the jackals and a lament like the daughters of the ostrich. Mic.1.9 — For her wounds are incurable, for it has come to Judah; it has reached to the gate of my people, to Jerusalem.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩"todo lo hace no ir a gozar de Dios" rendered as "all it comes to is that I won't go to enjoy God" (the whole consequence reduced to mere privation of God).
  2. 2 ↩"ca" (archaic for/because) kept as causal "for". "limbo" and "purgatory" retained as technical afterlife terms; Granada treats them as the only intermediate states, not a third final destiny equal to heaven or hell.
  3. 3 ↩Citation is truncated mid-parenthesis at "(cf."; the reference continues in the following sentences (Jer 24:2).
  4. 4 ↩Segmented citation fragment completing the previous section's 'cf. Jer' as Jeremiah 24:2 (Spanish comma retained as English chapter:verse colon).
  5. 5 ↩cebado en la golosina: fattened/baited on the delicacy or sweet bait of sin; rendered as 'fattened on the sweet taste' to keep both appetite and lure.
  6. 6 ↩todo lo ál is early modern Spanish for 'everything else / all the rest'.
  7. 7 ↩Source spelling colunas = columnas (pillars/columns of heaven); rendered 'pillars of heaven' for the biblical image.
  8. 8 ↩Sentence is truncated at the section boundary; the next section completes the quotation with 'God, and not of men' (GuiaPec.1.12.7.s1).
  9. 9 ↩Completes the Ecclesiasticus quotation begun in GuiaPec.1.12.6.s6: 'If we do not do penance, we will fall into the hands of God, and not of men.'
  10. 10 ↩Spanish prelados rendered as superiors (Moses and Aaron in the Numbers narrative); not ecclesiastical prelates in the later hierarchical sense.
  11. 11 ↩pares rendered as afterbirth (placenta); heces in this birth context as the membranes/afterbirth discharge in which the newborn comes wrapped (cf. Deut 28:56–57), not ordinary excrement.
  12. 12 ↩desabrido rendered as 'bitter' for the cup metaphor (harsh/unpleasant to the taste); the Spanish can also mean harsh or unsavory in a more general sense.
  13. 13 ↩"cuanto es de parte della" rendered as "as far as justice itself is concerned" (della = de ella, referring to justice): equal greatness from justice's own side, given divine simplicity.
  14. 14 ↩Archaic connective Ca rendered as For (causal), equivalent to modern Spanish porque / pues.
  15. 15 ↩Source sentence is cut mid-phrase at «hasta el postrer»; the following section continues «pelo de los que perseveran en sus delitos». Translation stops at the supplied boundary without completing the interrupted phrase.
  16. 16 ↩Fragment completing the Psalmist citation begun in GuiaPec.1.12.12.s6: 'hasta el postrer pelo...' — 'to the last hair of those who persist in their crimes.'
  17. 17 ↩represa rendered as 'dam' (reservoir held back), preserving the image of wrath stored up and then unleashed.
  18. 18 ↩hinchir is the older form of henchir, ‘to fill/stuff’; rendered as ‘fill’ for the hyperbolic sense that these alone would stock a world’s worth of wrath.
  19. 19 ↩Spanish 'Si no' opens the argument as 'if not / otherwise' (if that still is not clear), not as a conditional negation of a prior claim.
  20. 20 ↩'interese' (interés): rendered as practical advantage/self-interest, not financial interest alone.
  21. 21 ↩'del cuero salgan las correas' is an idiom: extract the full cost from someone's own hide; kept with concrete hide/straps imagery to preserve severity.
  22. 22 ↩'ofensas de Dios' rendered as 'offenses against God' (objective genitive); the contrast is between Christ's personal dignity supplying what the penalty lacked and the damned paying by the sheer magnitude of pain.
  23. 23 ↩Archaic 'cuál paró a' rendered as 'what he did to / how he left' a man (the state to which the devil reduced him).
  24. 24 ↩Spanish 'cáncer' here is older usage for cankerous/ulcerous sores (Job's boils), not modern 'cancer'; rendered 'sores'.
  25. 25 ↩Sentence is truncated at section boundary mid-clause ('dejole la mujer y'); continuation is in GuiaPec.1.12.18 about friends left as a crueler torment.
  26. 26 ↩Spanish 'perdonó que matara' is comparative cruelty: sparing the friends was worse than killing them, because their words became a sharper torment than death.
  27. 27 ↩Spanish humor here is botanical moisture/nourishing fluid, not temperament; rendered as sap to keep the plant metaphor clear.
  28. 28 ↩máscaras can mean masks, grimaces, or ghastly faces/apparitions; kept as 'masks' for the source's figurative horror language.
  29. 29 ↩Source sentence is punctuation-only ('.'); no translatable content. Left empty rather than inventing prose.
  30. 30 ↩sufrir here means endure/bear with (sinners), not suffer pain.
  31. 31 ↩"iguala por una parte con la misma duración de Dios" rendered as matching God's duration on one side/in one respect: the classical claim that the eternity of hell is coextensive with God's endless duration, not that it shares God's essence.
  32. 32 ↩"doctor" kept as learned theological authority (a doctor of the Church/scholastic teacher), not a medical physician. "lágrima material" rendered as physical tear, marking bodily tears as opposed to spiritual sorrow.
  33. 33 ↩Continues the incomplete sentence from GuiaPec.1.12.25.s6 ('Verdaderamente cosa es esta tan…'). Full sense: 'Truly this is a thing so great that…'
  34. 34 ↩manida: archaic for dwelling/abode (morada); rendered as 'made its home'.
  35. 35 ↩ponerse en ventura de: to put oneself at risk of / take the chance of.
  36. 36 ↩cavó: literally 'dug'; rendered as 'dug so deep' for the metaphor of penetrating the heart.
  37. 37 ↩regalados: self-indulgent / soft-living people, not 'gifted'.
  38. 38 ↩hacer vida con: live with / keep company with; fuego tragador: devouring fire.
  39. 39 ↩calda: scorching heat / burning (hell-fire), not ordinary warmth.
  40. 40 ↩proveemos: provide for / make provision; continues the diligence theme of s5 (proveerse).
  41. 41 ↩«Descalzo» names a barefoot / Discalced religious (commonly Carmelite or Franciscan observance in this era); left as ‘Discalced friar’ to keep the historical order-identity without over-specifying which house.
  42. 42 ↩«eternal humo de Babilonia» rendered as «eternal smoke of Babylon»; Granada allegorically identifies the furnace/smoke with hell and the missing cubit (49 vs. 50) with exclusion from the jubilee of remission.
  43. 43 ↩Archaic Spanish 'salirme he' = modern 'me saldré' (I will go out / set out).
  44. 44 ↩'Dragones' and 'avestruces' follow the traditional biblical wording (Vulgate dracones / struthiones for Micah 1:8); some modern Bibles render the first as jackals. Kept as dragons to stay faithful to the Spanish surface.
  45. 45 ↩'Sentimiento' here means grief or lament, not modern 'feeling' or emotion in a psychological sense.
  46. 46 ↩Spanish 'se le prometen' takes virtue (la virtud) as the antecedent of 'le'; 'it' preserves that reference. If a later stage prefers explicit naming, 'promised to virtue' is also faithful.

The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores) companion

A prayer for every moment, already on your phone

Chosen Portion puts a curated historic prayer in front of you each day — so the words are there before the moment arrives.

Chosen Portion is the digital descendant of the carried prayer book: the short daily prayers this collection preserves, delivered one a day to your pocket.

  • One short, memorable prayer delivered daily — build your repertoire a card at a time
  • Prayers matched to real situations: fear, gratitude, decisions, grief, sleep
  • Save favourites into your personal pocket collection you can open anywhere
Chosen Portion — Daily Prayer (free iOS app) →