Capítulo IX. Del noveno título que nos obliga a la virtud, que es la tercera de nuestras postrimerías, la cual es la gloria del paraíso
The Promise of Paradise
The author introduces the glory of paradise as a powerful motive for virtue, emphasizing God's magnificence in preparing such a reward.
Any one of the things already mentioned would have been enough to incline our hearts to the love of virtue. But because the human heart is so rebellious that even all of this often fails to conquer it, I will add another motive here, just as powerful as the ones before: the greatness of the reward promised to virtue, which is the glory of paradise. There, two outstanding things are set before us to consider: first, the beauty and excellence of this place, which is the empyrean heaven; and second, the beauty and excellence of the King who dwells in it with all his chosen ones. And as for the first point—how great the beauty and riches of this place are—no mortal tongue can explain it. Still, through a few conjectures, we can get some sense of it from a distance; among these, the first is the purpose of this work, since that is one of the factors that most clearly reveals the nature and excellence of things. The purpose for which our Lord built and prepared this place is the manifestation of his glory. Although this Lord created all things for his glory, as Solomon says, this place is said to have been created for that end in a special way, because his greatness and magnificence shine out in it uniquely.✦ Just as the great King Ahasuerus, who reigned in Asia over a hundred and twenty-seven provinces, held a most solemn banquet in the city of Susa for a hundred and eighty days—with all the opulence and grandeur imaginable—to reveal the greatness of his power and riches to all his kingdoms, so too this sovereign King determined to hold in heaven another most solemn banquet. It isn't for a hundred and eighty days, but for all eternity, to make plain the immensity of his riches, his wisdom, his generosity, and his goodness. This is the banquet Isaiah speaks of when he says: The Lord will make on this mountain a solemn banquet for all peoples, of wines and most delicate dishes—that is, of things of the greatest worth and sweetness.✦ So if God holds such a solemn banquet to make the greatness of his glory plain, and that glory is so vast, what must the feast and the riches that serve this purpose be like? I. This will be clearer if we consider how great this Lord's power and riches are. His power is so great that with a single word he created this whole marvelous fabric of the world, and with another alone he could destroy it; and not only one world, but a thousand million worlds he could create with a single word, and undo them again with another.1 Beyond that, whatever he does, he does with so little effort that he created the least of the ants with the same ease as the greatest of the seraphim; he doesn't groan or sweat under a greater load, nor is he lightened by a lesser one, because everything he wills, he accomplishes simply by willing it. So tell me now: if this Lord's omnipotence is so great, and the glory of his holy name so great, and his love for it so great, what will the house, the feast, and the banquet be that he has prepared for this end?2 What is missing here that would keep this work from being utterly perfect? There is no lack of hands here, because the Maker is infinitely powerful. There is no lack of a head here, because he is infinitely wise.3 There's no lack of will here, because He is infinitely good. There's no lack of riches here, because He is the ocean of them all.4 So then, what will the work be like where there are such means for it to be so great?5 What will the work be like that comes out of this workshop, where such craftsmen come together as the omnipotence of the Father, the wisdom of the Son, and the goodness of the Holy Spirit; where goodness wills, wisdom orders, and omnipotence can do everything that infinite goodness wills and infinite knowledge orders—though all of this is one in all the divine persons?6
The Honor of the Saints
God's desire to honor his chosen ones is demonstrated through historical examples of his favor toward the saints.
II. There is another consideration similar to this one: God prepared this house not only for his own honor, but also for the honor and glory of all his chosen ones. How great this Lord's care is to honor them and to fulfill what he himself said — "I honor those who honor me" — is clearly seen in his works, for even while they still lived in this world, he put the dominion of all things under their obedience. What a thing it is to see holy Joshua7 Command the sun to stop in the middle of the sky, with God obeying—as Scripture says—the voice of a man! . What a thing it is to see the prophet Isaiah give King Hezekiah the choice of what he wanted done with that same sun—whether he wanted him to command it to go forward or to turn back—for with the same ease he would do either one! . What a thing it is to see the prophet Elijah hold back the waters and the clouds of heaven for as long as he wished, and command them to return again by the power and words of his prayer!8 . Who doesn't praise God, seeing that the bones of the dead Elisha raised a man from the dead whom some thieves happened to throw into his tomb? . But what is all this, compared with that immense honor God paid—not to this apostle's chain, nor to his bones, nor to his body, but to the shadow of his body—since he gave it that power Saint Luke records in the Acts of the Apostles: that all the sick who touched it were healed?✦ . O wonderful God! O God so supremely good, and the One who honors the good! For he gave this man what he did not take for himself; because it is not read of Christ that he healed the sick with his shadow, as it is read of Saint Peter.✦9 So, if God is so eager to honor His saints even in a time and place meant for labor rather than reward, what kind of glory can we imagine He has set aside to honor them—and to be honored in them?10 He who longs to honor them so much, and who has such power and skill to do so—what must He have prepared for them there for this purpose? III. Consider, furthermore, how generous the Lord is in rewarding the services done for him.11 God commanded the patriarch Abraham to sacrifice the son he loved so dearly, and just as he was about to do it, God said to him: “Do not sacrifice him, for I have already seen your loyalty and obedience. But I swear to you, by who I am, that for that son I will give you as many children as there are stars in the sky and grains of sand in the sea; and among them, one who will be the Savior of the world, who will be at once your son and the Son of God.”✦12 Does this seem like a good reward to you? This is a reward worthy of God, because God must be God in all things: God in rewarding, God in punishing, and God in everything else. One night David got to thinking how he had a house, while the Ark of God had none, and he began planning in his mind to build Him a house. The next morning, God sent a prophet to tell him: "Because you planned in your heart to build Me a house, I swear to build for you and your descendants an everlasting house and a lasting kingdom, from which I will never withdraw My mercy." He said it just so, and He fulfilled it just so; for until Christ came, men of David's family reigned in the house of Israel, and then Christ, the son of David, who will reign in it forever and ever.✦ So then, if the glory of paradise is nothing other than a universal reward and payment for the services of all the saints, and this Lord is so generous in this regard, what kind of glory can we conjecture from this that it will be?13 There is a great deal here to think about and to explore.
The Price of Glory
The immense cost of redemption through Christ's passion serves as a measure of the incomparable value of heavenly glory.
IV. There is another way to gauge this: consider how great a price God asks for this glory, given how generous and magnificent he is. So to give us this glory, after sin, he was not content with any lesser price than the blood and death of his only-begotten Son; so that through the death of God, the life of God is given to man; through the sorrows of God, the joy of God is given to him; and because God hung on the cross between two thieves, man is given a place among the choirs of the angels.✦✦14 So tell me now, if it can even be put into words: what is that good which, in order to be given to you, required that God sweat drops of blood, and that he be seized, scourged, spat on, struck in the face, and put on a cross?✦ What must God, in his magnificence, have prepared to give in return for such a price?✦ Whoever knew how to plumb this abyss would understand the greatness of glory better by this path than by any other means imaginable. Beyond this, the Lord asks of us—as if for good measure—the most that can be asked of any human being: that we take up our cross and carry it, that we pluck out our right eye if it causes us to stumble, and that we hold no binding claim from father, mother, or any other created thing when it conflicts with what God commands.15 And beyond what we do on our part, that sovereign Lord who gives us the glory says he gives it freely, by grace; as he says through Saint John: I am the beginning and the end of all things; I will give the one who is thirsty water of life to drink, free of charge.✦✦16 So tell me: what kind of good must that be, for which God asks so much of us? And after all this has been given, he says he gives it to us free of charge—and I say free of charge when looking at what our works are worth by themselves, not at the value they have through grace.✦17 So tell me: if this Lord is so generous in granting favors; if his divine magnificence has given everyone in this life so many different things; if the creatures of heaven and earth serve all people without distinction, and the possession of this world is common to the just and the unjust alike—what goods must he have stored up for the just alone? If he so freely gave such great treasures without owing them, what will he give to the one to whom they are due?✦18 If he is so open-handed in granting favors, how much more will he be in rewarding service? If the generosity of the one who gives is so beyond measure, how great will the magnificence of the one who rewards be? Without a doubt, no words can express the glory he will give to the grateful, since he gave such things even to the ungrateful.
The Beauty of the Heavenly Home
The author compares the beauty of the created world to the far greater splendor of the empyrean heaven.
V. A glimpse of this glory is also revealed by the location and height of the place appointed for it: the empyrean heaven. Just as it is the greatest of all the heavens, it is also the noblest, the most beautiful, and the one of greatest dignity.19 Scripture calls it the land of the living; from that, you'll understand that this land where we dwell now is the land of those who die. So if in this land of the dead there are things so excellent and so splendid, what will there be in that land of those who live forever? Look out over the visible world and see how many things it contains, and how beautiful they are. How great is the vastness of the heavens! How great is the brightness and radiance of the sun and moon and stars! How great is the beauty of the earth, of the trees, of the birds, and of all the other animals! What is it to see the breadth of the fields, the height of the mountains, the green of the valleys, the cool freshness of the springs, the graceful beauty of the rivers, spread like veins through the whole body of the earth, and above all the vastness of the seas, filled with so many kinds of wonders?20 What are the pools and lagoons of clear water if not the eyes of the earth, or mirrors of the sky? What are the green meadows, woven through with roses and flowers, if not like a starry sky on a clear night? What should I say of the veins of gold and silver, and of other precious metals? What about the rubies, emeralds, diamonds, and other precious stones that seem to rival the stars themselves in brilliance and beauty? What about the markings and colors of the birds, the animals, the flowers, and countless other things?21 To the grace of nature, the grace of art was added, and the beauty of things was doubled.22 From this came the gleaming gold vessels, the perfect and finished designs, the well-ordered gardens, the buildings of the temples and of the royal palaces, clothed in gold and marble, with countless other things. So if in this element—the lowest of all, as we said, and the earth of those who die—there are so many things that delight us, what will there be in that supreme place which, as much higher as it stands above all the heavens and elements, is so much nobler, richer, and more beautiful? Especially if we consider that these things of the sky revealed to our eyes—the stars, the sun, and the moon—surpass everything here below in brightness, power, beauty, and permanence, and by such great margins: then what must that be which, on the other side, stands open to immortal eyes?2324 We can barely even begin to guess at this well enough. VI. We also know that three kinds of places belong to a human being in the three different stages of life he has. The first is the mother's womb, following conception. The second is this world, after birth. The third is heaven after death, provided one has lived well. These three places follow a specific order and proportion: the advantage the second has over the first, the third also has over the second—in terms of duration, greatness, beauty, and everything else. And in duration it is clear, because the duration of life in the first is nine months; that of the second sometimes goes beyond a hundred years; but that of the third lasts forever. Likewise, the greatness of the first is the size of a woman's womb; that of the second is this whole visible world; but that of the third, according to this proportion, is as much greater than the second as the second is greater than the first. The advantage here is the same as the advantage found in wealth, beauty, and everything else. So if this world is as great and as beautiful as we have said, and that other place surpasses it by such great advantages as we now say, how great must we understand its greatness and beauty to be from this?25
The City of God and Essential Glory
The distinction between accidental glory and the essential glory of the beatific vision is explored.
VII. The difference between the inhabitants of these two places also makes this clear to us, because the form and excellence of the buildings has to match the condition of those who live in them. This one, as we were saying, is the land of those who die; that one, of those who live; this of sinners, that of the just; this of human beings, that of angels; this of penitents, that of the forgiven; this of those who fight, that of those who triumph; and finally, this of friends and enemies, that of friends alone and of the chosen. So, if the inhabitants of these two places are so different, how different must the places themselves be, since God created every place to match those who live in it? Truly, glorious things have been told of you, city of God. You are great in your breadth, most beautiful in your making, most precious in your material, most noble in your company, most sweet in your occupations, richest in every good, and free and clear of every evil.26 In everything you are great, because the One who made you is most great, and most high is the end for which He made you, and most noble are those blessed inhabitants for whom He made you. All of this is part of the accidental glory of the saints.27 But there is still another glory, incomparably greater, the one they call essential, which consists in the vision and possession of God himself; of which Saint Augustine says: "The reward of virtue will be the very One who gave the virtue, who will be seen without end, loved without weariness, and praised without fatigue." So this reward is the greatest there can be, because it is neither heaven, nor earth, nor sea, nor any other creature, but the Creator and Lord of all himself; and though he is one and the most simple good, in him is the sum of every good.28 To understand this, you need to know that one of the great wonders of that divine substance is that, while it is utterly simple, it holds within itself, in infinite eminence, the perfections of every created thing. Because he is their Maker and Creator—the one who governs them and directs them to their final ends and perfections—he cannot lack what he gives, nor can he be wanting in himself of what he shares with others. From this it follows that all those blessed spirits will enjoy and see all things in him alone—each according to the share of glory that falls to them. Just as creatures are now a mirror in which God's beauty is in some way seen, so then God will be the mirror in which the beauty of creatures is seen—and far more perfectly than if they were seen in themselves. Therefore, God will be the universal good of all the saints, and the perfect happiness and fulfillment of all their desires.✦ There he will be a mirror for our eyes, music for our ears, honey for our taste, and the sweetest balm for our sense of smell. There we will see the variety and beauty of the seasons: the freshness of spring, the brightness of summer, the abundance of autumn, and the rest and quiet of winter.29 And there, finally, will be everything that can delight all these senses and the powers of our soul. "There," as Saint Bernard says, "God will be fullness of light for our understanding, abundance of peace for our will, and the unbroken continuance of eternity for our memory." There, Solomon's wisdom will look like ignorance, Absalom's beauty like ugliness, Samson's strength like weakness, the long life of the first people of the world like mere mortality, and the wealth of all the kings of the earth like poverty."✦
A Call to Heavenly Desire
The reader is exhorted to abandon worldly vanities and seek the eternal delights of the heavenly banquet.
So then, you miserable man! if this is so—and truly it is—what are you doing wandering through the land of Egypt, hunting for straw and drinking from every muddy little puddle, while leaving behind that vein of happiness and spring of living waters?30 . Why do you go around begging and hunting in scraps for what you will find gathered up and far better in this All?31 If you want delights, lift up your heart and consider how delightful that Good must be, which holds within itself the delights of every good. If this created life pleases you, how much more will the Life that created everything please you?32 If the health that has been made pleases you, how much more will the Health that made everything please you?33 If knowledge of creatures is sweet, how much sweeter is knowledge of the Creator himself? If beauty delights you, he is the one at whose beauty the sun and the moon marvel. If lineage and nobility, he is the first origin and ancestral house of all nobility.34 If long life and health, there you find health and length of days.✦ If fullness and abundance, there is the sum of every good. If music and melody, there the angels sing and the organs of the saints sound sweetly in the city of God. If friendships and good company delight you, there you'll find the friendship of all the elect, united in one soul and one heart.✦ If honors and riches, glory and riches are in the house of the Lord.✦ Finally, if you want to be free of every kind of hardship and pain, that is where freedom and exemption from them all is found. On the eighth✦35 day God commanded the sacrament of circumcision to be celebrated under the old law: to make us understand that on the eighth day of the general resurrection—which will follow the week of this life—God will cut away all the toils and pains of those who, for love of him, have cut away all their excesses and sins.✦36 So what could be more blessed than such a way of life, so free from every kind of misery, where—as Saint Augustine says—there will never be fear of poverty, no weakness from disease; where no one grows angry, no one envies another, there is no need to eat or drink, no ambition for honors or worldly powers, no snares of the devil, no fear of the pains of hell, no death of body or of soul, but a life always joyful, with the grace of immortality? There will never be discord there, because all things are in perfect peace and harmony. Added to all this is the life lived in the company of the angels, enjoying the sight of all those sovereign spirits; and seeing the armies of the saints, brighter than the stars of heaven, shining with the holiness and obedience of the patriarchs, with the hope of the prophets, with the red crowns of the martyrs, and with the white and flowering garlands of the virgins.✦ But what tongue can speak of the sovereign King who dwells in their midst? Certainly, if it were necessary for us to suffer torments every day and to endure the very pains of hell for a time just to see this Lord in his glory and enjoy the company of his chosen ones, wouldn't it be worth it to go through all of that to enjoy such a great good? So far, these are the words of Saint Augustine. So, if this good is so great and so universal, what will be the happiness and glory of those blessed eyes that will feast upon it? What will it be like to see the beauty of that city, the glory of its citizens, the face of the Creator, the grace of those buildings, the riches of those palaces, and the shared joy of that homeland?37 What will it be like to see the ranks of those blessed spirits, the authority of that sacred Senate, and the majesty of those noble elders whom Saint John saw seated on their thrones in the presence of God? . What will it be like to hear those angelic voices, and those men and women singing, and that music so perfectly in tune—not in four parts, as music is here below, but in as many different voices as there are among the elect? What joy it will be to hear them sing that most sweet song that Saint John heard them sing in the Apocalypse: "Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving, honor and power and strength be to our God forever and ever."38 Amen. . And if it's so delightful to hear this consonance and harmony of voices, how much more delightful will it be to see the concord of bodies and souls so perfectly matched? And how much more the concord of men and angels? And how much more the concord of men and God? And above all this, what will it be to see those fields of beauty, those springs of life, and those abundant pastures on the mountains of Israel?✦✦ . What will it be to sit down at that table, have a seat among such guests, and put your hand with God into one dish—which is to enjoy his very glory?✦39 There they will rest and rejoice, sing and praise, and in their coming and going they will find pastures of inestimable sweetness.✦ So then, if our holy Catholic faith promises such great rewards for virtue, who is so blind and senseless as not to be moved toward it by the hope of such a prize?
Read the original Spanish
Bastaba cualquier cosa de las susodichas para inclinar nuestros corazones al amor de la virtud. Mas, porque es tan grande la rebeldía del corazón humano, que muchas veces ni con todo esto se vence, añadiré aquí otro motivo, no menos eficaz que los pasados, que es la grandeza del premio que se promete a la virtud, que es la gloria del paraíso; donde se nos ofrecen dos cosas señaladas que considerar: la una es la hermosura y excelencia de este lugar, que es el cielo empíreo, y la otra es la hermosura y excelencia del Rey, que mora en él con todos sus escogidos.
Y, cuanto a lo primero, qué tan grande sea la hermosura y riquezas deste lugar, no hay lengua mortal que lo pueda explicar. Mas todavía por algunas conjeturas podemos como de lejos barruntar algo de lo que esto es; entre las cuales, la primera es el fin de esta obra, porque esta es una de las circunstancias que más suelen declarar la condición y excelencia de las cosas. Pues el fin para que nuestro Señor edificó y aparejó este lugar es para manifestación de su gloria. Porque, aunque todas las cosas haya criado este Señor para su gloria, como dice Salomón, pero esta señaladamente se dice haber criado para este fin, porque en ella singularmente resplandece la grandeza y magnificencia dél. Por donde, así como aquel grande rey Asuero, que reinó en Asia sobre ciento y veintisiete provincias, celebró un convite solemnísimo en la ciudad de Susa por espacio de ciento y ochenta días, con toda la opulencia y grandeza que se puede imaginar, para descubrir por este medio a todos sus reinos la grandeza de su poder y de sus riquezas, así también este Rey soberano determinó hacer en el cielo otro convite solemnísimo, no por espacio de ciento y ochenta días, sino de toda la eternidad, para manifestar en él la inmensidad de sus riquezas, de su sabiduría, de su largueza y de su bondad. Este es el convite de que habla Isaías, cuando dice: Hará el Señor en este monte un solemne convite a todos los pueblos, de vinos y manjares muy delicados; esto es, de cosas de grandísimo valor y suavidad. Pues, si este tan solemne convite hace Dios, a fin de que por él sea manifestada la grandeza de su gloria, y esta gloria es tan grande, ¿qué tal será la fiesta y las riquezas que para este propósito servirán?
I. Esto se entenderá más claramente si consideramos la grandeza del poder y de las riquezas deste Señor. Es tan grande su poder, que con una sola palabra crió toda esta máquina tan admirable del mundo, y con otra sola la podría destruir; y no sólo un mundo, mas mil cuentos de mundos podría él criar con una sola palabra, y tornarlos a deshacer con otra. Y, demás desto, lo que hace, hácelo tan sin trabajo, que, con la facilidad que crió la menor de las hormigas, crió el mayor de los serafines; porque no gime ni suda debajo de la carga mayor, ni se alivia con la menor, porque todo lo que quiere obra con solo querer. Pues dime ahora: Si la omnipotencia de este Señor es tan grande, y la gloria de su santo nombre tan grande, y el amor della tan grande, ¿cuál será la casa, la fiesta y el convite que tendrá aparejado para este fin? ¿Qué falta aquí para que no sea perfectísima esta obra? Falta de manos aquí no la hay, porque el Hacedor es infinitamente poderoso. Falta de cabeza aquí no la hay, porque es infinitamente sabio.
Falta de querer aquí no la hay, porque es infinitamente bueno. Falta de riquezas aquí no la hay, porque él es el piélago de todas ellas. Pues, luego, ¿qué tal será la obra donde tales aparejos hay para que sea tan grande? ¿Qué tal será la obra que saldrá desta oficina, donde concurren tales oficiales, como son la omnipotencia del Padre, la sabiduría del Hijo y la bondad del Espíritu Santo; donde la bondad quiere, la sabiduría ordena y la omnipotencia puede todo aquello que quiere la infinita bondad y ordena el infinito saber; aunque todo esto sea uno en todas las divinas personas?
II. Hay otra consideración para este propósito semejante a esta, porque no sólo aparejó Dios esta casa para honra suya, sino también para honra y gloria de todos sus escogidos. Pues qué tan grande sea el cuidado que este Señor tiene de honrarlos, y de cumplir aquello que él mismo dijo: Yo honro a los que me honran, claramente se ve por las obras, pues, aun viviendo ellos en este mundo, puso debajo de su obediencia el señorío de todas las cosas. ¡Qué cosa es ver al santo Josué
mandar al sol que se parase en medio del cielo, obedeciendo —como dice la Escritura— Dios a la voz de un hombre! . ¡Qué cosa es ver al profeta Isaías dar a escoger al rey Ezequías qué quería que hiciese del mismo sol, si quería que le mandase ir adelante, o que volviese atrás; que, con la misma facilidad que haría lo uno, haría lo otro! . ¡Qué cosa es ver al profeta Elías suspender las aguas y las nubes del cielo por todo el tiempo que quiso, y mandarlas otra vez volver con la virtud y palabras de su oración! . ¿Quién no alaba a Dios, viendo que los huesos de Eliseo muerto resucitaron un muerto, que acaso unos ladrones echaron en su sepulcro? .
Mas ¿qué es todo esto, en comparación de aquella honra tan grande que hizo Dios, no ya a la cadena de este apóstol, ni a sus huesos, ni a su cuerpo, sino a la sombra de su cuerpo, pues le dio aquella virtud que escribe san Lucas en los Actos de los Apóstoles: que todos los enfermos que tocaban en ella sanaban? . ¡Oh admirable Dios! , ¡oh sumamente bueno y honrador de buenos! , pues dio a este hombre lo que para sí no tomó; porque no se lee de Cristo que con su sombra sanase los enfermos, como se lee de san Pedro. Pues, si en tanta manera es amigo Dios de honrar sus santos, aun en el tiempo y lugar que no es propio de galardonar, sino de trabajar, ¿qué tal podremos entender que será la gloria que él tiene diputada para honrarlos y para ser honrado en ellos? Quien tanto desea honrarlos, y tanto puede y sabe hacer en qué los honre, ¿qué es lo que les debe tener allá aparejado para esto?
III. Considera otrosí, demás desto, cuán largo sea ese Señor en pagar los servicios que se le hacen. Mandó Dios al patriarca Abraham que le sacrificase un hijo que tanto amaba, y, estando él para sacrificarlo, díjole Dios: «No lo sacrifiques, porque ya tengo vista tu lealtad y obediencia. Mas yo te juro, por quien yo soy, de darte por ese hijo tantos hijos cuantas estrellas hay en el cielo y arenas en la mar; y, entre ellos, uno que sea Salvador del mundo, el cual sea juntamente hijo tuyo y hijo de Dios». ¿Parécete que es buena paga esta? Esta es paga digna de Dios, porque Dios en todas las cosas ha de ser Dios: Dios en pagar y Dios en castigar, y Dios en todo lo demás.
Púsose David una noche a pensar cómo él tenía casa, y el Arca de Dios no la tenía, y trató en su pensamiento de edificarle una casa. Otro día por la mañana enviole Dios un profeta que le dijese: «Porque trataste en tu corazón de edificarme una casa, yo te juro de edificar para ti y para tus descendientes una casa eterna y un reino perpetuo, de quien nunca jamás apartaré mi misericordia». Así lo dijo y así lo cumplió; porque, hasta que vino Cristo, reinaron hombres de la familia de David en la casa de Israel, y luego Cristo, hijo de David, que en los siglos de los siglos reinará en ella. Pues, si no es otra cosa la gloria del paraíso, sino una gratificación y paga universal de los servicios de todos los santos, y tan largo es este Señor en esta parte, ¿qué tal podremos por aquí conjeturar que será esta gloria? Aquí hay mucho que pensar y que ahondar.
IV. Hay también otra conjetura para esto, que es considerar cuán grande sea el precio que Dios pide por esta gloria, siendo él tan liberal y tan magnífico como es. Pues para darnos esta gloria no se contentó con otro menor precio, después del pecado, que la sangre y muerte de su unigénito Hijo; de manera que por la muerte de Dios se da al hombre vida de Dios, por las tristezas de Dios se le da alegría de Dios, y porque estuvo Dios en la cruz entre dos ladrones se da al hombre que esté entre los coros de los ángeles. Pues dime ahora, si se puede decir: ¿Cuál es aquel bien que, para que se te diese, fue menester que sudase Dios gotas de sangre, y que fuese preso, azotado, escupido, abofeteado y puesto en cruz? ¿Qué es lo que tendrá Dios aparejado, siendo como es tan magnífico, para dar por este precio? Quien supiese ahondar en este abismo, más entendería por aquí la grandeza de la gloria, que por todos los otros medios que se pueden imaginar.
Y, demás desto, nos pide este Señor, como por añadidura, lo último que se puede a un hombre pedir, esto es, que tomemos nuestra cruz a cuestas, y que saquemos el ojo derecho si nos escandalizare, y que no tengamos ley con padre ni madre, ni con otra cosa criada, cuando se encontrare con lo que manda Dios. Y, sobre esto, que por nuestra parte hacemos, dice aquel soberano Señor que nos da la gloria, de gracia, y así dice por san Juan: Yo soy principio y fin de todas las cosas; yo daré al que tuviere sed a beber agua de vida de balde. Pues dime ahora: ¿Qué tal bien será aquel por quien tanto nos pide Dios? Y, después de todo esto dado, dice que nos lo da de balde; y digo de balde, mirando lo que nuestras obras por sí valen, no por el valor que por parte de la gracia tienen.
Λ Pues dime: Si este Señor es tan largo en hacer mercedes, si su divina magnificencia concedió en esta vida a todos los hombres tantas diferencias de cosas, si a todos indiferentemente sirven las criaturas del cielo y de la tierra, y de los justos e injustos es común la posesión de este mundo, ¿qué bienes tendrá guardados para solo los justos? Quien tan graciosamente dio tan grandes tesoros, sin deberlos, ¿qué dará a quien los tuviere debidos? Quien tan liberal es en hacer mercedes, ¿cuánto más lo será en pagar servicios? Si tan inestimable es la largueza del que da, ¿cuánta será la magnificencia del que restituye? Sin duda, no se puede con palabras declarar la gloria que dará a los agradecidos, pues tales cosas dio aun a los ingratos.
V. También declara algo desta gloria el sitio y alteza del lugar diputado para ella, que es el cielo empíreo; el cual, así como es el mayor de todos los cielos, así es el más noble y más hermoso y de mayor dignidad. Llámase en la Escritura tierra de los que viven; por donde entenderás que esta en que aquí moramos es tierra de los que mueren. Pues, si en esta tierra de muertos hay cosas tan excelentes y tan vistosas, ¿qué habrá en aquella tierra de los que para siempre viven? Tiende los ojos por todo este mundo visible y mira cuántas y cuán hermosas cosas hay en él. ¡Cuánta es la grandeza de los cielos! ¡Cuánta la claridad y resplandor del sol y de la luna y de las estrellas! ¡Cuánta la hermosura de la tierra, de los árboles, de las aves y de todos los otros animales!
¿Qué es ver la llanura de los campos, la altura de los montes, la verdura de los valles, la frescura de las fuentes, la gracia de los ríos, repartidos como venas por todo el cuerpo de la tierra, y, sobre todo, la anchura de los mares, poblados de tantas diversidades y maravillas de cosas? ¿Qué son los estanques y lagunas de aguas claras, sino unos como ojos de la tierra, o como espejos del cielo? ¿Qué son los prados verdes, entretejidos de rosas y flores, sino como un cielo estrellado en una noche serena? ¿Qué diré de las venas de oro y plata, y de otros tan preciosos metales? ¿Qué de los rubíes, y esmeraldas, y diamantes, y otras piedras preciosas, que parecen competir con las mismas estrellas en claridad y hermosura? ¿Qué de las pinturas y colores de las aves, de los animales, de las flores, y de otras cosas infinitas? Juntose con la gracia de la naturaleza también la del arte, y doblose la hermosura de las cosas. De aquí nacieron las vajillas de oro resplandecientes, los dibujos perfectos y acabados, los jardines bien ordenados, los edificios de los templos y de los palacios reales, vestidos de oro y mármol, con otras cosas innumerables.
Pues, si en este elemento que es el más bajo de todos, según dijimos, y tierra de los que mueren, hay tantas cosas que deleitan, ¿qué habrá en aquel supremo lugar, que cuanto está más alto que todos los cielos y elementos, tanto es más noble, más rico y más hermoso? Especialmente, si consideramos que estas cosas del cielo que se descubren a nuestros ojos, como son las estrellas, el sol y la luna, sobrepujan en claridad, virtud, hermosura y perpetuidad a todas las cosas de acá, con tan grandes ventajas, pues ¿qué será lo que desotra banda está descubierto a los ojos inmortales? Apenas se puede esto bastantemente conjeturar.
VI. Sabemos también que tres maneras de lugares convienen al hombre en tres diferencias de tiempo que tiene de vida. El primero es el vientre de su madre, después de concebido. El segundo es este mundo, después de nacido. El tercero es el cielo después de muerto, si hubiere bien vivido. En estos tres lugares hay esta orden y proporción: que la ventaja que hace el segundo al primero, esa hace el tercero al segundo, así en la duración, como en la grandeza y hermosura, y en todo lo demás. Y en la duración está claro, porque la duración de la vida del primero es de nueve meses, la del segundo a veces pasa de cien años, mas la del tercero dura para siempre. Ítem, la grandeza del primero es del tamaño del vientre de una mujer, la del segundo es todo este mundo visible, mas la del tercero, según esta proporción, es tanto mayor que la del segundo, cuanto la del segundo es mayor que la del primero.
Y la ventaja que en esto se hace, esa misma le hace en la riqueza, en la hermosura, y en todo lo demás. Pues, si este mundo es tan grande y tan hermoso, como habemos dicho, y estotro le excede con tan grandes ventajas, como ahora decimos, ¿qué tanta podremos por aquí entender que será la grandeza y hermosura dél?
VII. También nos declara esto la diferencia de los moradores destos dos lugares, porque la forma y excelencia de los edificios ha de ser conforme a la condición de los moradores dellos. Esta es, pues, como decíamos, tierra de los que mueren, aquella de los que viven; esta de pecadores, aquella de justos; esta de hombres, aquella de ángeles; esta de penitentes, aquella de perdonados; esta de los que pelean, aquella de los que triunfan; finalmente, esta de amigos y enemigos, aquella de solos amigos y escogidos. Pues, siendo tan diferentes los moradores destos dos lugares, ¿qué tanto lo serán los mismos lugares, pues todos los lugares crió Dios conforme a los moradores dellos? Verdaderamente, gloriosas cosas nos han dicho de ti, ciudad de Dios. Grande eres en tu anchura, hermosísima en la hechura, preciosísima en la materia, nobilísima en la compañía, suavísima en los ejercicios, riquísima en todos los bienes, y libre y exenta de todos los males. En todo eres grande, porque es grandísimo el que te hizo, y altísimo el fin para que te hizo, y nobilísimos aquellos bienaventurados moradores para quien te hizo.
Todo esto pertenece a la gloria accidental de los santos. Mas hay aún otra gloria, sin comparación mayor, que es la que llaman esencial, la cual consiste en la visión y posesión del mismo Dios; de la cual dice san Agustín: «El premio de la virtud será el mismo que dio la virtud, el cual se verá sin fin, y se amará sin hastío, y se alabará sin cansancio». De manera que este galardón es el mayor que puede ser, porque ni es cielo, ni tierra, ni mar, ni otra alguna criatura, sino el mismo Criador y Señor de todo; el cual, aunque sea uno y simplicísimo bien, en él está la suma de todos los bienes.
Para cuyo entendimiento es de saber que una de las grandes maravillas que hay en aquella divina substancia es que, con ser una simplicísima, encierra en sí con infinita eminencia las perfecciones de todas las cosas criadas, porque, como él sea el Hacedor y Criador dellas, y el que las gobierna y encamina a sus últimos fines y perfecciones, no puede él carecer de lo que da, ni estar falto en sí de lo que parte con los otros. De donde nace que, todos aquellos bienaventurados espíritus, en él solo gozarán y verán todas las cosas; cada uno según la parte que le cupiere de gloria. Porque, así como ahora las criaturas son espejo en que en alguna manera se ve la hermosura de Dios, así entonces Dios será espejo en que se vea la de las criaturas; y esto, muy más perfectamente que si se vieran en sí mismas; de manera que allí será Dios bien universal de todos los santos, y perfecta felicidad y cumplimiento de todos sus deseos. Allí será espejo a nuestros ojos, música a nuestros oídos, miel a nuestro gusto y bálsamo suavísimo al sentido del oler. Allí veremos la variedad y hermosura de los tiempos, la frescura del verano, la claridad del estío, la abundancia del otoño y el descanso y reposo del invierno. Y allí, finalmente, estará todo lo que a todos estos sentidos y potencias de nuestra ánima puede alegrar. «Allí —como dice san Bernardo— será Dios plenitud de luz a nuestro entendimiento, muchedumbre de paz a nuestra voluntad, y continuación de eternidad a nuestra memoria. Allí parecerá ignorancia la sabiduría de Salomón, y fealdad la hermosura de Absalón, y flaqueza la fortaleza de Sansón, y mortalidad la vida de los primeros hombres del mundo, y pobreza la riqueza de todos los reyes de la tierra».
Pues, ¡oh hombre miserable! , si esto es así, como de verdad lo es, ¿en qué te andas por la tierra de Egipto, buscando pajas, y bebiendo en todos los charquillos de agua turbia, dejando aquella vena de felicidad y fuente de aguas vivas? . ¿Por qué andas mendigando y buscando a pedazos lo que hallarás recogido y aventajado en este todo? Si deleites deseas, levanta tu corazón y considera cuán deleitable será aquel bien que contiene en sí los deleites de todos los bienes. Si te agrada esta vida criada, ¿cuánto más aquella que todo lo crió? Si te agrada la salud hecha, ¿cuánto más aquella que todo lo hizo? Si es dulce el conocimiento de las criaturas, ¿cuánto más el del mismo Criador?
Si te deleita la hermosura, él es de cuya hermosura el sol y la luna se maravillan. Si el linaje y la nobleza, él es el primer origen y solar de toda nobleza. Si larga vida y sanidad, allí hay sanidad y longura de días. Si hartura y abundancia, allí está la suma de todos los bienes. Si música y melodía, allí cantan los ángeles y suenan dulcemente los órganos de los santos en la ciudad de Dios. Si te deleitan las amistades y la buena compañía, allí está la de todos los escogidos, hechos un ánima y un corazón. Si honras y riquezas, gloria y riquezas hay en la casa del Señor. Finalmente, si deseas carecer de todo género de trabajos y penas, allí es donde está la libertad y exención de todas ellas.
Al octavo
día mandó Dios celebrar el sacramento de la circuncisión en la vieja ley: para dar a entender que al octavo día de la resurrección general —que sucederá a la semana desta vida— circuncidará Dios todos los trabajos y penas de aquellos que por su amor hubieren circuncidado todas sus demasías y culpas. Pues ¿qué cosa más bienaventurada, que una tal manera de vida, tan libre de todo género de miserias, «donde —como dice san Agustín— no habrá jamás temor de pobreza, no flaqueza de enfermedades; donde ninguno se aíra, ninguno tiene envidia de otro, ninguna necesidad de comer ni de beber, ninguna ambición de honras, de poderes mundanos, ningunas asechanzas del demonio, ningún temor de penas del infierno, muerte, ni de cuerpo ni de ánima, sino vida siempre alegre, con gracia de inmortalidad? No habrá allí jamás discordia, porque todas las cosas están en suma paz y concordia».
A todo esto se añade «el vivir en compañía de los ángeles y gozar de la vista de todos aquellos soberanos espíritus; y ver los ejércitos de los santos, más claros que las estrellas del cielo, resplandeciendo con la santidad y obediencia de los patriarcas, con la esperanza de los profetas, con las coronas coloradas de los mártires y con las guirnaldas blancas y floridas de las vírgenes. Mas, del Rey soberano que en medio dellos reside, ¿qué lengua podrá hablar? Ciertamente, si nos fuese necesario padecer cada día tormentos y sufrir por algún tiempo las mismas penas del infierno, por ver a este Señor en su gloria y gozar de la compañía de sus escogidos, ¿no sería bien empleado pasar todo esto, por gozar de tanto bien?» Hasta aquí, son palabras de san Agustín.
Pues, si tan grande y tan universal es este bien, ¿cuál será la felicidad y gloria de aquellos bienaventurados ojos que en él se apacentarán? ¿Cuál será ver la hermosura de aquella ciudad, la gloria de aquellos ciudadanos, la cara del Criador, la gracia de aquellos edificios, la riqueza de aquellos palacios, y la alegría común de aquella patria? ¿Qué será ver las órdenes de aquellos bienaventurados espíritus, y la autoridad de aquel sacro Senado, y la majestad de aquellos nobles ancianos que vio san Juan asentados en sus tronos en presencia de Dios? . ¿Qué será oír aquellas voces angélicas, y aquellos cantores y cantoras, y aquella música tan acordada, no de cuatro voces, como la de acá, sino de tanta diferencia de voces, cuanto es el número de los escogidos? ¿Qué alegría será oírles cantar aquella suavísima canción que les oyó san Juan, en el Apocalipsis, cuando decían: Bendición, y claridad, y sabiduría, y hacimiento de gracias, honra, y virtud, y fortaleza sea a nuestro Dios, en los siglos de los siglos. Amén? .
Y, si es tan deleitable cosa oír esta consonancia y armonía de voces, ¿cuánto más lo será ver la concordia de los cuerpos y ánimas, tan conformes? ¿Y cuánto más la de los hombres y ángeles? ¿Y cuánto más la de los hombres y Dios? Y, sobre todo esto, ¿qué será ver aquellos campos de hermosura, aquellas fuentes de vida, aquellos pastos abundosos sobre los montes de Israel? . ¿Qué será asentarse a aquella mesa, y tener silla entre tales convidados, y meter la mano con Dios en un plato, que es gozar de su misma gloria? Allí descansarán y gozarán, y cantarán y alabarán, y entrando y saliendo hallarán pastos de inestimable suavidad. Pues, si tales y tan grandes bienes promete nuestra santa fe católica en premio de la virtud, ¿cuál es el ciego y desatinado que no se mueva a ella con la esperanza de tan grande galardón?
Scripture echoes
- ↩Prov.16.4 — The LORD has made everything for its purpose, even the wicked for the day of disaster.
- ↩Isa.25.6 — And on this mountain the LORD of hosts will make for all peoples a feast of rich food, a feast of well-aged wine, rich food full of marrow, well-aged wine refined.
- ↩Acts.5.15-Acts.5.16 — So they even carried the sick out into the streets and laid them on small beds and mats, so that when Peter came by, at least his shadow might fall on some of them. Acts.5.16 — And the multitude also gathered from the cities around Jerusalem, bringing the sick and those tormented by unclean spirits, and they were all being healed.
- ↩Acts.5.15 — So they even carried the sick out into the streets and laid them on small beds and mats, so that when Peter came by, at least his shadow might fall on some of them.
- ↩Gen.22.17;Gen.15.5 — because I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore, and your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies; Gen.15.5 — And he brought him outside and said, "Look now toward heaven, and count the stars, if you are able to count them." And he said to him, "So shall your offspring be."
- ↩Luke.1.32-Luke.1.33;Matt.1.1 — He will be great and will be called Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David. Luke.1.33 — And he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end. Matt.1.1 — The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
- ↩John.3.16 — For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but have eternal life.
- ↩Luke.23.33;Mark.15.27 — And when they came to the place called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals—one on his right and one on his left. Mark.15.27 — And with him they crucify two bandits, one on his right and one on his left.
- ↩Luke.22.44 — And being in anguish, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.
- ↩1Cor.2.9;Isa.64.4 — But as it is written: What no eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor the heart of man conceived—all that God has prepared for those who love him. Isa.64.4 — You meet those who rejoice and do righteousness; in your ways they remember you. But behold, you were angry, and we sinned — in those ways we have been for long, and can we be saved?
- ↩Rev.1.8 — "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "the one who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty."
- ↩Rev.21.6;John.4.10-John.4.14 — And he said to me, 'It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the one who is thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life.' John.4.10 — Jesus answered her, "If you knew the gift of God and who it is that is saying to you, 'Give me a drink,' you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water." John.4.11 — The woman said to him, "Sir, you have no bucket, and the well is deep. Where then do you get that living water?" John.4.12 — Surely you are not greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well, and drank from it himself, and his sons, and his livestock? John.4.13 — Jesus answered her, "Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again." John.4.14 — but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never thirst forever; rather, the water that I will give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life
- ↩Rev.21.6 — And he said to me, 'It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the one who is thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life.'
- ↩Rom.8.32 — He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things?
- ↩Rom.1.20;1Cor.13.12 — For since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes have been clearly perceived, being understood through the things that have been made: both his eternal power and divine nature. So they are without excuse. 1Cor.13.12 — For now we see in a mirror, dimly; but then face to face. Now I know in part; but then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known.
- ↩2Sam.14.25 — Now in all Israel there was no man so handsome as Absalom; from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him.
- ↩Prov.3.2;Ps.21.4 — For length of days and years of life and peace they will add to you. Ps.21.4 — For you meet him with rich blessings; you set a crown of fine gold upon his head.
- ↩Acts.4.32 — Now the great number of those who believed were of one heart and soul, and not one of them claimed that any of their possessions was their own, but everything they had was held in common.
- ↩Ps.112.3 — Wealth and riches are in his house, and his righteousness endures forever.
- ↩Gen.17.12;Lev.12.3 — And at eight days old every male among you shall be circumcised throughout your generations — both the one born in the house and the one bought with money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring. Lev.12.3 — And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
- ↩Gen.17.12;Lev.12.3 — And at eight days old every male among you shall be circumcised throughout your generations — both the one born in the house and the one bought with money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring. Lev.12.3 — And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised.
- ↩Dan.12.3 — And those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever.
- ↩Ezek.34.13-Ezek.34.14 — I will bring them out from the peoples and gather them from the lands, and I will bring them into their own land. I will pasture them on the mountains of Israel, in the ravines, and in all the inhabited places of the earth. Ezek.34.14 — In good pasture I will shepherd them, and on the mountains of Israel's heights they will lie down. There they will rest in a good fold, and on rich pasture they will graze upon the mountains of Israel.
- ↩Ps.36.9;Rev.21.6 — They drink their fill of the abundance of your house, and from your river of delights you give them drink. Rev.21.6 — And he said to me, 'It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To the one who is thirsty I will give freely from the spring of the water of life.'
- ↩John.13.26 — Jesus answered, 'It is the one to whom I will give this piece of bread when I have dipped it.' So when he had dipped the piece of bread, he gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot.
- ↩John.10.9 — I am the door. If anyone enters through me, he will be saved, and will go in and out, and will find pasture.
Notes
- 1 ↩Early modern Spanish 'cuentos' often means 'millions'; 'mil cuentos de mundos' is rendered 'a thousand million worlds' to keep the hyperbole without modernizing it into 'billions.'
- 2 ↩'el amor della' refers to love of that glory (the glory of his holy name), not love in general; rendered 'his love for it.'
- 3 ↩'cabeza' continues the craftsman image opposite 'manos' (hands): not physical head, but the directing mind/skill that designs the work. Kept as 'head' to preserve the hands/head parallelism with s7.
- 4 ↩piélago is a literary image of a vast deep or open sea; rendered as "ocean" to keep the metaphor concrete.
- 5 ↩aparejos: provisions/preparations/means ready for a work; rendered as "means" in the sense of all that is prepared for the greatness of the work.
- 6 ↩oficina / oficiales: early modern workshop imagery (not a bureaucratic office). Rendered as "workshop" and "craftsmen" to preserve the artisan metaphor for the Trinitarian work.
- 7 ↩Sentence is incomplete in this section; the clause continues in GuiaPec.1.11.6 (Joshua commanding the sun to stand still).
- 8 ↩Spanish «virtud» here means operative power/efficacy, not moral virtue; rendered as “power.”
- 9 ↩Granada's rhetorical contrast: God granted Peter the reported honor of shadow-healing (Acts 5:15), a detail not told of Christ himself—meant to magnify God's honor of the saints, not to diminish Christ's power.
- 10 ↩diputada: appointed/destined/set aside; rendered 'appointed'.
- 11 ↩Spanish «largo» here means generous/liberal in recompense (not temporally long), matching the chapter's theme of God's reward.
- 12 ↩Granada expands the Abrahamic promise with an explicit messianic gloss: among Abraham's offspring, one who is both Abraham's son and the Son of God, the Savior of the world.
- 13 ↩Spanish 'largo' here continues the chapter's sense of open-handed liberality in paying for service, not physical length; rendered 'generous'.
- 14 ↩Spanish 'muerte de Dios' / 'tristezas de Dios' / 'estuvo Dios en la cruz' attributes Passion acts to God (the incarnate Son). Rendered as 'God' throughout to keep the source's force of exchange: God's death → God's life, etc.
- 15 ↩"no tengamos ley con padre ni madre" is an older Spanish idiom for having no binding regard/obligation to them; rendered as "have no binding claim from" to preserve the sense of allegiance subordinated to God's command.
- 16 ↩"de gracia" carries both free gift and grace; rendered as "freely, by grace" to keep both senses. "de balde" = free of charge / for nothing.
- 17 ↩Distinguishes the intrinsic worthlessness of unaided works from the worth they receive "por parte de la gracia" (from grace's side); keeps the grace-works tension without flattening either term.
- 18 ↩'sin deberlos' / 'los tuviere debidos' frames earthly goods as pure gift and heavenly reward as due by promise/grace-aided service, not as wages God owes by bare human merit.
- 19 ↩cielo empíreo: the highest heaven in traditional cosmology, the pure fire-light realm of God's dwelling and the blessed.
- 20 ↩gracia de los ríos is aesthetic charm/gracefulness of the rivers, not theological grace.
- 21 ↩pinturas here means nature's painted patterns/coloring, not human paintings.
- 22 ↩gracia de la naturaleza / del arte is aesthetic grace/charm, not divine grace; Juntose / doblose are archaic clitic spellings of juntóse / doblóse.
- 23 ↩virtud of the heavenly bodies rendered as 'power' (excellence/efficacy), not moral virtue; period sense for celestial influence and quality.
- 24 ↩desotra banda ('de esa otra banda') rendered as 'on the other side'—beyond the visible heavens, open to the blessed.
- 25 ↩estotro = 'that other one/place' (heaven, the third dwelling from the preceding argument); dél = de él, 'of it/him' referring to that place.
- 26 ↩ejercicios rendered as 'occupations' (the blessed activities of the heavenly city); could also be 'practices' or 'exercises' in a more formal register.
- 27 ↩"Accidental glory" (gloria accidental) is the scholastic term for the secondary rewards of the blessed—place, company, and other goods—as distinct from the essential glory of the beatific vision treated in the next sentence.
- 28 ↩"Simplicísimo bien" names God's metaphysical simplicity: one undivided good who nevertheless contains the fullness of every good.
- 29 ↩In older Spanish, verano often means spring and estío summer; the pairing frescura del verano / claridad del estío supports that reading rather than the modern sense of verano as summer.
- 30 ↩«pajas» keeps the Exodus brickmaking image (straw/chaff for slaves); not mere worthless trash, though that sense is implied.
- 31 ↩«este todo» points back to God as the universal good of the blessed (previous section); rendered as 'this All' to keep the metaphysical force without sounding stiffly scholastic.
- 32 ↩«aquella que todo lo crió» continues the feminine of «vida» while meaning the uncreated Life (God). Rendered as 'the Life that created everything' to keep both the grammatical thread and the divine referent.
- 33 ↩«salud» covers bodily health and broader well-being/salvation; «salud hecha» is finite, made health, set over against God as the maker of all. Capitalized 'Health' mirrors the parallel with uncreated Life/Creator.
- 34 ↩Spanish solar here is the ancestral seat/house of a noble line, not the sun; rendered as 'ancestral house'.
- 35 ↩Fragment only: the sentence continues in GuiaPec.1.11.24 as 'día mandó Dios celebrar…' (On the eighth day God commanded…).
- 36 ↩Spanish continues from the previous section’s «Al octavo» (On the eighth). Circumcisión is kept as the Old Law rite and as the figure for God’s final stripping away of hardship and sin.
- 37 ↩gracia de aquellos edificios: rendered as 'grace' in the sense of loveliness/elegance of the heavenly buildings, not the theological virtue.
- 38 ↩Spanish 'claridad' and 'virtud' follow older biblical diction for glory (claritas) and power (virtus) in the doxology; rendered to match the Apocalypse list rather than everyday 'clarity'/'virtue'.
- 39 ↩Spanish 'meter la mano con Dios en un plato' is the concrete idiom of shared table fellowship (hand in the same dish). Kept literally rather than paraphrased as abstract communion.
The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores) companion
A prayer for every moment, already on your phone
Chosen Portion puts a curated historic prayer in front of you each day — so the words are there before the moment arrives.
Chosen Portion is the digital descendant of the carried prayer book: the short daily prayers this collection preserves, delivered one a day to your pocket.
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