Entretien XVI. Des aversions
The Surgeon of Souls
The author compares his role as a spiritual director to that of a surgeon who must sometimes cause pain to heal the soul.
Barber, am I doing any harm?1 I scatter nothing but perfume; I speak only of virtues and things that can console our souls; I play a little on the flute, talking of the praises we ought to give to God.2 But in our private conversations, I come as a surgeon, bringing only plasters and poultices to apply to the wounds of my dear daughters. Even if they cry out, 'Stop!' I won't stop pressing with my hand so the plaster holds better, and in that way, I heal them.3 If I make some incision, it will not be without my daughters feeling pain from it; but I do not mind that—I am here only for that purpose; and worldly people would not be capable of it, because of the error they have forged for themselves that religious persons vowed to perfection must have no imperfection at all.4 But here among ourselves, my dear daughters, we know well that this is impossible. That is why we aren't afraid of shocking one another by frankly naming our little weaknesses.5 They say:6 If you go near a barber's shop, you'll take great pleasure in it, because there's always someone playing the flute, and the balm is so sweet that it's nothing but perfume.7 But on the contrary, a surgeon's shop is foul-smelling, and you see nothing there but plasters and ointments; besides that, you continually hear poor people crying out, 'Stop!'8 What are you doing to me? My God, what pain—since they make incisions on some, mend the ruptures of others, and apply the cautery fire!9 In the end, all of that causes them great pain; for everyone knows that you can't put bones back in place when they're dislocated and out of joint without making the poor patient cry out.10 But the barber does no harm when he cuts the beard, since it has no feeling. (Ms.11 and Coll.)12
Understanding Aversions
Aversions are natural inclinations that must be submitted to reason rather than indulged or feared.
The first question is: What is an aversion?13 Aversions are certain inclinations that are sometimes natural; they give us a slight reluctance when we first approach those toward whom we have them, and that keeps us from liking their company—that is, we don't take pleasure in it as we would in the company of those toward whom we have a gentle inclination, which makes us love them1415 with a felt love, because there is a certain affinity and correspondence between our spirit and theirs.16 To show that this is natural—loving those…: our Sisters sometimes confess things that confessors don't understand, such as aversions; what remedy is there for that?17 It's true: some confessors have no idea what an aversion is, and if you don't explain it to them, they assume it's a case of ill will—which, as I'll explain in a moment, it isn't.18 You encounter very learned men who have heard the confessions of laypeople for thirty years, yet they still won't understand the Daughters of Holy Mary of the Visitation—any more than people outside the Visitation who claim to be highly spiritual do. These matters are so subtle and delicate that only the truly spiritual understand them well. But what should one do? I think it's very good for Superiors to instruct confessors they suspect might not understand the Sisters well. Failing that, if the sisters notice the confessor is mistaken—taking an aversion they've confessed to be hatred or ill will (which they can easily tell from his rebuke)—they must make themselves better understood by saying to him freely: "Father, that isn't it; it seems to me you don't understand me; it's such-and-such a thing." Afterward, they may well tell the Superior that the confessor doesn't understand them, as that isn't accusing him of any imperfection—not even of ignorance—because it can easily happen that an extremely learned confessor will still be unable to understand them in these delicate matters, which have more to do with imperfection than with sin.19 That happened to me once while I was hearing a confession: she accused herself of something I didn't understand well, because I couldn't believe such a fault would be committed in a house of such great perfection. I told her quite freely that I didn't understand her and asked her to explain more clearly what she was accusing herself of; she did, and I found that it was nothing. Oh yes, I really want our Sisters to take great care to confess very clearly and simply, so they don't put the confessors through these difficulties. The Superior must humbly instruct the confessors about the nature of the faults the Sisters commit in these aversions.20 (Ms.21 and Coll.)22 some by inclination and not others—don't we see that if two men walk into a court where two others are playing tennis, right away those who come in will feel inclined for one to win rather than the other?23 And where does that come from, since they've never seen either of them, never heard either one mentioned, and don't know at all whether one is more virtuous than the other?24 That's why they have no reason to feel more affection for one than for the other. We must therefore admit that this inclination to love some more than others is natural; and you can see it even in animals, which, having no reason, still have aversion and inclination by nature.25 Try this experiment with a newborn lamb: show it a wolf's skin; even though the wolf is dead, the lamb will start to run away, bleat, and hide under its mother's flanks. But show it a horse, which is a much larger animal, and it won't be frightened at all—instead, it will play with it.26 The reason for that is simply that nature gives it an affinity for one and an aversion to the other.27 Now, we shouldn't make much of these natural aversions, any more than of inclinations, provided we submit everything to reason.28 Do I feel an aversion to talking with someone I well know is of great virtue, and with whom I can gain a great deal? I must not follow my aversion, which makes me avoid meeting her; I must submit this inclination to reason, which tells me29 to seek her company, or at least to remain in a spirit of peace and calm when I do meet her.30 But some people are so afraid of feeling an aversion toward those they love by inclination that they flee from conversation with them, for fear of running into some fault that would take the sweetness out of their affection and friendship. (J)31 What remedy is there for these aversions, since no one can be free of them, no matter how perfect they are? People of a harsh nature will feel aversion toward someone who is very gentle, and they'll take that gentleness for too much softness, even though gentleness is the quality most universally loved. The only remedy for this evil, as for every other kind of temptation, is a simple diversion; I mean, not thinking about it at all. But the trouble is that we want to know too carefully whether or not we have reason to feel aversion toward someone.32 Oh, we must never waste ourselves on that inquiry; for our self-love, which never sleeps, will gild the pill so well that it will make us believe it's good—I mean it will make us see that it's true we have certain reasons that will seem good to us, and then, once those have been approved by our own judgment and by self-love, there will be no way left to keep us from finding them just and reasonable.33 Oh yes, we really must take care about this; I'm dwelling on it a little because it matters.34 We never have a good reason to feel aversion, much less35 to want to feed it.36 So I say: when they are merely natural aversions, we must take no notice of them, but turn away from them without making any show of it, and so outwit our own minds.37 But we must fight them and put them down when we see that nature is going further and trying to pull us away from the submission we owe to reason, which never allows us to do anything in favor of our aversions, any more than of our inclinations when they are bad, for fear of offending God.38 Now, when all we do for our aversions is speak a little less pleasantly than we would to someone for whom we felt great affection, that isn't much; rather, it's almost beyond our power to do otherwise when we're caught up in the emotion of this passion—it would be wrong to demand that of us.39 The second question is: How should we conduct ourselves when we receive the books given to us to read?40 The Superior will give one of the Sisters a book that treats the virtues very well; but because she doesn't like it, she will gain nothing from reading it—instead she will read it with a careless spirit; and the reason is that she already knows cold everything contained in it.41
Perfection and Imperfection
Religious life is a school for aiming at perfection, not a gathering of those who are already perfect.
There is a real difference between having stopped a vice and actually possessing the virtue opposed to it. Many people seem very virtuous while having no virtue at all, because they never gained it through effort. Our passions often fall asleep and stay dormant; if we don't store up strength to resist them while they're quiet, we'll be defeated when they wake up again. We must always remain humble and not assume we possess virtues, even when we aren't committing—or at least aren't aware of—the faults opposed to them.42 Many people are badly mistaken when they think those who profess perfection should never stumble into imperfections—especially in religious life—because they assume that entering religious life is all it takes to be perfect. That isn't so; religious communities aren't for gathering people who are already perfect, but for those who have the courage to strive for perfection.43 But what should we do if we saw imperfection in Superiors as well as in everyone else? Shouldn't we be shocked? You might say we shouldn't appoint imperfect women as Superiors. Alas, my dear daughters, if we only wanted to appoint perfect Superiors, we would have to pray for God to send us Saints or Angels for the office, because we won't find any among human beings. What people really look for is that they don't set a bad example; but whether they have no imperfections at all isn't watched as carefully, provided they have the necessary qualities of mind—because you could easily find people who are more perfect but still wouldn't be as fit to be Superiors. Tell me, hasn't Our Lord himself shown us that this isn't the point to focus on, in his choice of Saint Peter to be Superior of all the Apostles? Everyone knows what fault that Apostle committed during the Death and Passion of his Master, lingering to talk with a servant girl and so miserably denying his dearest Lord, who had done him so much good; he acted tough, and in the end, he fled.44 But beyond that, once he had been confirmed in grace by receiving the Holy Spirit, he still committed a fault judged so serious that Saint Paul, writing to the Galatians, told them he had opposed him to his face because he was at fault. And not only Saint Peter, but Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas as well, when they wanted to go preach the Gospel, had a little dispute between them, because Saint Barnabas wanted to take John Mark, his cousin, along with them: Saint Paul held the opposite view and did not want him to go with them, and Saint Barnabas would not yield to Saint Paul's will; so they separated and went to preach, Saint Paul in one region and Saint Barnabas in another with his cousin John Mark.45 I will tell her this. ^'" ' truMprnfe A p 104, vartanle (p'). vu m oorrfnpofuUncc ftv«c le trite. I lecture her. ain» elle le Ura avec uoa nattijwira d'eaprlt at on anaujr que luy oatara tout le guml rt la plaitir qu'il y a à la lire. The reason for this is that she says she already knows by heart what is contained in this book, and more. She would rather have someone teach her about love than read books that talk about it. I find that she does not see this book as true spiritual conversation, and that she would prefer someone to read another one to her. I would say it's an imperfection to want to choose or desire a book other than the one we're given; it's a sign that we read more to satisfy our curiosity than to truly profit from our reading. If we read to profit rather than to please ourselves, we would be just as satisfied with one book as another; at the very least, we would gladly accept whatever our Superior gave us to read.46 I’ll go further: I assure you that we would be happy reading nothing but one and the same book, provided it was good and spoke of God. In fact, even if it contained only the single name of God, we would be content, since we would always find enough to work on after reading and rereading it many times.47 Wanting to read to satisfy curiosity is a sign that our mind is still a bit flighty and doesn't occupy itself enough with doing the good it has learned from these small books on the practice of the virtues. They speak very well of humility and mortification, which we aren't actually practicing if we don't accept those books wholeheartedly.48 To say, "I don't like this, so I won't get anything out of it," isn't sound reasoning, any more than saying, "I already know this by heart, so I couldn't possibly enjoy reading it." That’s childish. Are you given a book where you already know all, or almost all, of it by heart? Bless God for it, all the more because you'll understand its teaching more easily. If you're given one you've already read several times, humble yourself and take great care to love the love of God more than all books put together, for certainly the love of God must be preferred to everything else.49 But speaking according to the intention of the Sister who raises this question, we will say that (Ms.50 and Coll.)51 [Resume the text, line52 2.]53 It's God who wants it this way so that you'll focus more on doing than on learning, and his goodness offers it to you a second and third time because you didn't profit from the first reading.54 But the problem at the root of all this is that we always seek our own satisfaction rather than our greatest perfection. If, by chance, allowance is made for our weakness and the Superior leaves us free to choose the book we want, then we may choose it simply. Otherwise, we must always remain humbly submitted to everything the Superior orders, whether it suits us or not, without ever showing any feelings that might run counter to that submission.55 <')56 The third question is whether we should be surprised to see imperfections among ourselves, or even in our superiors. As for the first point, there’s no doubt that you shouldn’t be surprised at all to see imperfections here among us, just as in other religious houses, no matter how perfect they may be; for you’ll never be so perfect that you don’t still make mistakes here and there, depending on how you’re tested.57 It’s no great feat to see a sister who has nothing to trouble her or put her to the test be very gentle and make few mistakes.58 When someone tells me, "Look at so-and-so; you never see her commit any imperfection," I immediately ask, "Does she hold an office?"59 If I'm told no, I don't make much of her perfection; for there's a real difference between this one's virtue and that of another who will have been well tried—whether inwardly by temptations, or outwardly by the contradictions people put her through. For the virtue of fortitude, and the strength of virtue itself, are never acquired in times of peace, and while we are not tried by the temptation of what is contrary to them.60 Those who are very gentle while they encounter no contradiction, and who haven’t acquired this virtue with sword in hand, are certainly exemplary and a great edification; but if you put them to the test, you’ll at once see them get stirred up, showing that their gentleness isn’t a strong and solid virtue, but something imaginary rather than real.61 There's a real difference between having stopped a vice and actually possessing the virtue that opposes it. Many people appear very virtuous when they actually have no virtue at all, because they haven't worked to acquire it. Very often our passions fall asleep and stay dull; and if during that time we don't store up strength to fight them and resist them, when they wake up again we'll be defeated in the battle. We must always remain humble and not believe that we have the virtues, even if we aren't committing—at least as far as we know—faults contrary to them. Indeed, a great many people are badly mistaken in thinking that those who make profession of perfection ought never to stumble into imperfections, and especially religious, because it seems to them that one only has to enter the religious life to be perfect—which is not so; for religious communities are not meant to gather perfect people, but people who have the courage to aim at perfection.6263 But what should one do if one saw imperfection in the Superiors as well as in the others?64 Shouldn't one be astonished at that? After all, you say, we don't appoint imperfect superiors. Alas! My dear daughters, if we only appointed Superiors and Mother Superiors who were perfect, we would have to beg God to send us saints or angels, because we certainly won't find any among human beings. People are careful, of course, to ensure they don't set a bad example; but no one insists they be entirely free of imperfection, provided they have the necessary qualities of mind—especially since there are certainly more perfect people who, for that very reason, wouldn't be as capable of serving as Superiors.65 Tell me, hasn't Our Lord himself shown us that we don't need to make an issue of it by choosing Saint Peter to be the Superior of all the Apostles?✦66 Everyone knows the fault this Apostle committed during the Death and Passion of his Master: he got caught up talking with a servant girl and unhappily denied his dearest Lord, who had done him so much good. He acted brave, but in the end, he took flight. But beyond that, even after he had been confirmed in grace by receiving the Holy Spirit, he still committed a fault that was judged so serious that67 Chapter 2.68 Saint Paul, writing to the Galatians, told them that he had withstood him to his face because he was reprehensible.✦ And it wasn't just Saint Peter; Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas also had a disagreement when they wanted to go preach the Gospel. Saint Barnabas wanted to take his cousin, John Mark, with them, but Saint Paul disagreed and didn't want him to go. Saint Barnabas wouldn't yield to Saint Paul's wishes, so they separated and went to preach—Saint Paul in one region and69 15:37–41. Saint Barnabas in the other with his cousin John Mark. It's true that Our Lord drew good from their dispute; for instead of preaching only in one place on earth, they scattered the seed of the Gospel in various places.✦
Simplicity in Spiritual Reading
True spiritual reading seeks to practice virtue rather than satisfy intellectual curiosity.
Let's not imagine that we can live this life without committing imperfections; it's impossible—whether we are superiors or subordinates—since we are all human. We need to accept this truth as completely certain so that we aren't astonished to find ourselves subject to imperfections.70 Our Lord has commanded us to say every day these words that are in the Our Father: Forgive us our offenses, as we forgive those who have offended us; and there is no exception in this71 . 6:12.72 There is no exception to this command, because we all need to follow it.73 It isn't sound reasoning to say: "So-and-so is a superior, therefore she never gets angry and has no other imperfections." You are astonished when you go to speak to the Superior and she says something less gentle than usual, perhaps because her head is full of cares and business. Your self-love gets all upset, instead of considering that God allowed this little dryness in the Superior to mortify your self-love, which was hoping the Superior would coddle you by kindly receiving what you wanted to say.74 But in the end, it really bothers us to encounter mortification where we aren't looking for it.75 Alas! We must move forward, praying to God for the Superior and blessing Him for this dearly loved contradiction.76 In a word, my dear daughters, let’s remember the words of the great Apostle Saint Paul: Charity—1 Cor.✦77 xiii.78 5.79 thinks no evil—meaning that as soon as it sees evil, it turns away from it, without thinking about it or lingering to consider it.80 You also ask me, on this point, whether the Superior or the Directress should show no reluctance that the Sisters see her faults, and what she should say when a sister comes and simply accuses herself before her of some judgment or thought she has formed that marks the Superior with imperfection—as would be the case if someone had thought that the Superior had made a correction with passion.81 Now, I say that in this situation, she should humble herself and take refuge in the love of her own abjection.8283 But if the Sister was a little troubled in saying it, the Superior shouldn't pretend nothing is wrong; she should steer the conversation elsewhere while still holding that abjection in her heart. We must be careful that our self-love doesn't cause us to miss the chance to see our own imperfections and humble ourselves.84 And although she might withhold the outward act of humility for fear of upsetting a Sister who is already troubled, she must not fail to make the inward act.85 If, on the other hand, the Sister was not troubled at all in accusing herself, I think it is perfectly fine for the Superior to freely admit she has failed, if it is true. If the judgment is false, it is good that she say so with humility, while still carefully holding onto the abjection that comes from being judged at fault.86 You see, this little virtue—the love of our own abjection—must never leave our heart by so much as a step, because we need it at every hour, however far advanced we may be in perfection, seeing that our passions come back to life, sometimes even after we have lived a long time in the religious life and made great progress in perfection. That is just what happened to a religious of Saint Pachomius named Silvanus, who, while still in the world, was an actor by profession; and once he had converted and become a religious, he spent the year of his probation—and indeed several years after that—with a most exemplary mortification, and no one ever saw him do anything that belonged to his former trade.87 Twenty years later, he thought he could safely allow himself some light joking to entertain the brothers, believing his passions were so mortified that they no longer had the power to lead him beyond simple recreation. But the poor man was badly mistaken, for the passion of joy rose up again so strongly that after the joking he slipped into dissolute behavior, so that they resolved to drive him out of the monastery—which they would have done if not for one of his religious brothers, who stood surety for Silvanus, promising that he would amend his ways: which did happen, and he later became a great saint.88 So there you have it, my dear Sisters: this is how one must never89 Viu.90 forget what we once were, so that91 we don't become worse, and don't think we are perfect when we don't commit many imperfections. We must also be careful not to be surprised if we still have passions, for we will never be free of them; those hermits who claimed otherwise were censured by the sacred Council, and their opinion92 was condemned and held to be an error.93 So we will always commit some faults, but we must ensure they are rare, and that only two appear in fifty years—just as only two were seen in all the time the Apostles lived after they had received the Holy Spirit. Even if three or four turned up—or even seven or eight—over such a long stretch of years, we still shouldn't get upset or lose heart; rather, we should catch our breath and strengthen ourselves to do better.94 Let's say one more word about the Superior. The Sisters shouldn't be surprised that the Superior commits imperfections, since Saint Peter—even as Pastor of the holy Church and universal Superior of all Christians—fell into fault, and a fault so serious that he deserved correction for it, as Saint Paul says.95 Galatians 2.96 Likewise, the Superior shouldn't be astonished if people see her faults; instead, she must observe the humility and gentleness with which Saint Peter received the correction Saint Paul gave him, even though Peter was Paul's Superior.97 (Manuscript and Collation.)98 (g*) The Superior—99 and the Mistress of Novices also commit them (Manuscript100 and Collation.) (h') Likewise.101
Charity and Community Life
The spirit of the Visitation is preserved through obedience, simplicity, and a charity that covers the faults of others.
• ni U Sop«rt«tf« ni U MiiilrwM m doiwat ^M laMBoéd« filon n«n<nt quand oa vo4d Unn «Mauts, H qiM oaua à» U Dtractrtw •oat murqvit par la» Novte«. at cvux d« U Snpahttvn par tout*» In; malt at Pana at l'tutr* doivanl (Mt. af CoU.) . Look at the humility and gentleness with which Saint Peter accepted the correction Saint Paul gave him, even though he was his superior.102 You can't tell which is more remarkable: the strength of Saint Paul's courage in rebuking Saint Peter, or the humility with which Saint Peter submitted to the correction given him—even for something in which he thought he was doing right and had a very good intention. Let's move on. In the fourth place you ask whether, if it should one day happen that a Superior had so strong an inclination to please secular people—under the pretext of benefiting them—that she neglected the particular care she owes the sisters in her charge, or else that she no longer had enough time for the house's affairs because she stayed too long in the parlor, she would not be obliged to cut back that inclination, even though her intention was good.103 I would say that Superiors must be gracious toward secular people to benefit them, and they should gladly give them a share of their time.104 But what do you think that small share should be? It should be a twelfth; the remaining eleven parts should be spent in the house caring for the community.105 Bees do leave their hive, it's true, but only out of necessity or usefulness, and they don't stay out long without returning. Above all, the king of the bees goes out only rarely—usually only when a swarm is formed and he is completely surrounded by his little people.106 Religious life is a mystical hive filled with heavenly bees, gathered to cultivate the honey of the heavenly virtues; for that reason, the Superior, who is among them as their king,107 must be careful108 to keep them close, so she can teach them how to acquire and preserve those virtues. Still, she must not fail to converse with secular people when necessity or charity requires it; but outside of that, the Superior must keep her dealings with seculars brief.109 I mean apart from necessity and charity—though there are certain people of high standing whom one shouldn't offend. But men and women religious must never waste time with secular people under the pretext of winning friends for their Congregation.110 Oh certainly, there's no need for that: for if they stay inside and carefully do what belongs to their charge, they need not doubt that Our Lord will provide their Congregation with the friends they need.111 But what if it troubles the Superior to break off a conversation when the bells ring for the Offices, for fear of displeasing the people she is with? You must not be so soft about it; unless charity absolutely requires it, you shouldn't leave the Offices or prayer for people who aren't of high standing, or for those who visit rarely or live far away.112 As for ordinary visits from people one can freely do without?113 The Portress should say that our Mother or the Sisters are at prayer or at the Office, if they would like to wait or come back.114 But if you must go to the parlor during that time due to some great necessity, at least make time afterward to make up for the missed prayer as much as possible; as for the Office, there is no doubt that you are bound to say it. ("^')115 Now, as for the final question—whether the Superior should always be given some small, special distinction in clothing or food compared to the other Sisters—it's easily settled: I tell you no, not in any way, unless necessity requires it, just as you would for any of the other Sisters. Even so, she shouldn't have a special chair except in the choir and at chapter meetings. The Assistant must never take that chair, even though in every other matter you should show her the same respect as the Superior (in her absence). Even in the refectory, she shouldn't have a special seat, but just one like the others.116 Although everywhere she must be regarded as a person set apart, to whom one must show very great respect, still she must not be singular in anything, except as little as possible.117 You always make an exception for necessity—like when she is very old or infirm—because then it's allowed to give her a chair for her relief. We must carefully avoid anything that makes us appear somehow above others—I mean outstanding or conspicuous. The Superior should be recognized and marked by her virtues, not by these unnecessary distinctions—especially among us in the Visitation, who want to make a special profession of great simplicity and humility.118 These honors are fine for religious houses where they call the Superior 'Madame,' but for us, none of that is needed. What more is there to say? How should we go about properly preserving the spirit of the Visitation and keeping it from dissipating? The only way is to keep it contained and enclosed within the observance of the Rules.119 But you say there are some who are so jealous of this spirit that they wouldn't want to share it outside the house at all. There's excess in this jealousy, and it has to be cut away; for what good, I ask you, is there in wanting to hide from your neighbor what can benefit him?120 I don't share that opinion, because I'd want all the good that is in the Visitation to be recognized and known by everyone. For that reason, I've always held this view: it would be good to have the Rules and Constitutions printed, so that many people, seeing them, might draw some benefit from them.121 Would to God, my dear Sisters, that many people wanted to practice them!122 You would clearly see great changes in them, which would turn out to the glory of God and the salvation of their souls.123 Be very careful to preserve the spirit of the Visitation, but don't let that care keep you from sharing it with your neighbor in a simple and charitable way, according to their capacity. Don't worry that it will waste away through that sharing, for charity never spoils anything; instead, it perfects everything.124 God be blessed.125
The Danger of Complaining
Complaining about others is a dangerous habit that threatens the peace and charity of the community.
[Illegible in source.]126 [Illegible in source.]127 The True Spiritual Conferences. What was omitted from the Conference on Aversions.128 Chapter 3 [illegible]129 Now, complaining to the Superior when a Sister has mortified us is tolerable for an imperfect sister; but complaining to a Sister because the Superior has mortified us—I have nothing to say about that, because if anyone were inclined that way, she must amend it without haggling.130 But above all, complaining outside about the Superior—oh truly, that must never be done; this is too important. If the Superior gives some occasion for complaint, I would want it told to her quite confidentially, or else have the warning given to her through her Assistant, as the Constit— Let us pass to the second question: is it permissible for a Sister sometimes to complain a little to another about something in which the Superior, the Novice Mistress, or a Sister has angered her or not fully satisfied her on some occasion? And would it not be far better to bring these complaints to the confessor or spiritual Father, if it is the Superior, or to the Superior if it is the Mistress or a Sister who has angered us, rather than turning to some particular Sister?131 O my God, complaining is a very dangerous thing; for, as we said in the Introduction, “as a rule, whoever complains sins.”132 The first way—complaining to a Sister and talking about the fault of the one who hasn't satisfied us—is altogether wrong; the second—telling the Superiors—is tolerable for the imperfect. But as for us, oh, I would really want us not to be so sensitive as to want to complain over the least dissatisfaction we receive from our neighbor, who may well have no intention of upsetting us.133 We don't need to say much on this subject; it's enough to know we must correct ourselves of it without any bargaining, since it's a matter of rather great importance.134 ( Ms.135 and Coll.)136 This is of i-. great importance.137 j»-. ■. « ne pen««. To go and tell a Sister that the Superior has said this or that about her in her absence—that's a sin called susurration.138139 I need to teach you how to speak.140 A little noise or murmuring.141 . . . w. . —like the noise made by little streams. There are some people who…142 By making the water leap and surge, they keep it from flowing quietly, as great rivers do: you can hardly see their movement, even though they carry far more water than little streams.143 Instead, they’re like swift torrents that sweep away everything in their path. [The source text is illegible.] Worldly people.144 They speak ill of others without restraint. They broadcast their neighbors’ sins and faults, and they sow dissension. They harbor ill will and bitter hatred. They accept no reconciliation, because these hatreds… do not cease…145 They never stop distressing or harming those toward whom they feel it.146 People who are more spiritual or further advanced don't commit sins of any real importance—only the pains that their sins bring—and they merit more.147 We can freely speak of our venial sins out loud to the whole world to humble ourselves, but we shouldn't do the same with our mortal sins, because we aren't the masters of our own reputations.148 We are even more obligated to cover the sins of our neighbor, while still offering fraternal correction, just as the Constitution149 XXV150 teaches you.151 A Sister will have said something in front of others that springs from passion, or made some little murmur, some cold look: oh, that you may tell the Superior, or even report her in chapter or in the refectory.152 We certainly ought to care so deeply for the peace and quiet of our dear Sisters that we never do or say anything that might upset them; nothing can afflict a poor soul as much as believing that the Superior is angry with her. What reason could you possibly have, my dear daughters, to grieve a poor Sister by whispering to her that the Superior or someone else said something that will upset her?153154 My God! We ought to have more zeal for the peace and quiet of our Sisters' hearts than that, and more care to cover our neighbor's faults. You do two wrongs: for besides speaking of the imperfection that was committed, you take away your Sister's peace of mind, and what's more, you speak of it in private.155 Since, by God's grace, we do well to abstain from those great sins I mentioned that are committed in the world, we must also take great care to abstain from these, since it is within our power not to commit them. Does your sister commit a sin that isn't known? Do what you can to help her amend it, offering her fraternal correction as the Rules prescribe. Beyond that, however, take great care not to expose it, except as you find in the article On Correction, which you must follow; otherwise, you commit a sin by doing so. We may well speak of our venial sins out loud and clearly before everyone, especially when it's to humble ourselves; but we may not do that with our mortal sins, because we aren't the masters of our own reputation. All the more, then, are we bound not to uncover those of our neighbor when they are secret. When several people have witnessed something, there's nothing wrong with reporting it to the superiors. For example, suppose a Sister says things to you that show she is deeply upset and acting out of impatience. If she does this in front of another Sister, it is neither a secret nor a hidden sin, and you may tell the Superior so that she can try to have the Sister correct it. The same applies to other faults that are not serious, such as minor grumbling, cold words, or unfriendly looks directed at her. Wouldn't I be committing a serious sin if I went and repeated to her some little remark the Superior had let slip—something that would seem important once repeated and would leave that poor heart troubled and hurt? A woman who did that would cause two harms: she would violate charity in two ways and would speak privately about the matter. In God's name, my dear daughters, never let this happen. Generally speaking, I wouldn't even want the Sisters who speak against the Superior to be identified to her. I would certainly tell her that people disapprove of this or that thing she does, but I wouldn't tell her who is expressing that disapproval. For, my dear daughters, if we don't possess the fervor and purity of charity, we'll never attain perfection. You ask what a Sister should do if she doesn't feel confident enough to speak to the Superior—or, in her absence, to the Assistant—to disclose what is hidden in her heart, even though she needs guidance. My very dear daughters, the Superior—or the Assistant in her absence—must readily and warmly give that Sister permission to speak with whichever of the Sisters she chooses, without showing her any aversion or coldness of heart. It's true that if the Sister persists in this, she would be acting imperfectly, for she's obliged to see God in her superiors and in what they tell her, and individual Sisters won't be able to help her as effectively. The directions given in the article on Correction must be followed. (M.156 and Coll.)157 [The French source text is illegible.] [The French source text is illegible.] [The French source text is illegible.] [The French source text is illegible.] [The French source text is illegible.] [The French source text is illegible.] [Editorial attribution: “Ma.”] [Source text illegible.] [Source text illegible.] [Source text illegible.] [Source text illegible.] [Source text illegible.] [The source text mentions a Sister, a serious imperfection, and the Superior, but the full statement is illegible.] [Source text illegible.]
Holy Freedom and Charity
The Church's discipline is tempered by a holy gentleness that prioritizes charity above all else.
Whatever you judge and whatever you feel within yourself, leave it with a holy freedom. I must still tell you, my dear daughters, that the holy Church isn't as rigorous as one might think.158 If you have a Sister who has only a tertian fever, and on a feast day her attack should come on during Mass, you can and must miss Mass in order to stay with her, even though if you left her alone no harm would come to her; for you see, the charity and holy gentleness of our good Mother the Church rise above everything.159160 I'll leave it up to you; do whatever you like.161 If on a day of fasting you find yourself a little unwell and put on a melancholy face, even though you don't want anything and have no need to take anything, about that I tell you, my dear daughter: instead of two fingers of bread and wine, take two fingers of courage and vigor.162 So as not, by your sickly look, to make the others sick from the apprehension they'll take of your illness.163 I'll tell you even more, to show you that the holy Church isn't so strict in her commandments.164 Suppose you have a Sister who is sick on a feast day: she has only a tertian fever, but her attack comes on during Mass; she will faint, it seems, if no one stays with her for the half-hour Holy Mass lasts. I tell you, you may miss Mass to stay with her—always err on the side of charity in all this, and certainly so when one is also taking on some other work for charity.165166
Read the original French
barbier, je ne fay point de mal? ï<^) Je ne jette que des parfums, je ne parle que des vertus et des choses propres à consoler nos âmes; je joiie un peu du flageolet, parlant des louanges que nous devons rendre à I>ieu. Mais en nos entretiens fan iliers, je viens en qualité de chirurgien, n'apportant que des emplastres et cataplasmes pour appliquer sur les playes de mes chères ûlles; et, bien qu'elles crient un peu holà, je ne lairray pas de presser ma main pour faire mieux tenir l'emplastrc, et les guérir par ce moyen. Si je fay quelque incision, ce ne sera pas sans que mes filles en ressentent de la douleur; mais je ne m'en soucie pas, je ne suis icy que pour cela; et les mondains n'en seroyent pas capables, à cause de l'erreur qu'ils se «lont forgée que les personnes religieuses et vouées à la perfection ne doivent point avoir d'imperfection. Mais icy entre nous autres, mes chères filles, nous sçavons bien que cela est impossible; c'est pourquoy nous ne craignons point de nous scandaliser en disant franchement nos petites infirmités. <**ï dkent-ib. ti vous approchez celle d'un barbier, vous y aurer un plaHir grand, d'autant • tousjourt uû pet;* ' r qui joQe du fla^ceolet: et outre mIa, le bêzli une telletnent sa que ce n'est que parfum. Mate ao oootraire, celle du chirurgien est puante, et n'y void-00 que de* emplastrai et oofucns; outre cela, on entend oniinoiretneot des pauvres gens qui crleot: HoU.
que me faites-vous? Mon Dieu, que de douleun t d'autant que Toa fait aux uns des indtioos, l'oo raooonunode les ruptures des autres, l'oo appUqoe le fea Ml truiÉwnui. en &n tout oeU leur cause des grande» dcwkura; car chacun sçalt que l'on ne peut remettre les os qui sont dtaloqnéa et bon de leur place, sans faire dire boU au pauvre malade. Mais le barbier ne fait point de mal quand il coupe la barbe, d'autant qu'elle n'est point sensible. (Ms. et Coll.)
288 Les vrays Entretiens spirituels La première demande est: Qu'est-ce qu'aversion? Les aversions sont certaines inclinations qui sont aucunefois naturelles, lesquelles font que nous avons un certain petit contre-cœur à l'abord de ceux envers qui nous les avons, qui empesche que nous n'aymons pas leur conversation, s'entend que nous n'y prenons pas du plaisir, comme nous ferions en celle de ceux envers lesquels nous avons une inclination douce, qui nous les fait a. ymeT d'un amour sensible, parce qu'il y a une certaine alliance et correspondance entre nostre esprit et le leur.
Or, pour monstrer que cecy est naturel, d'aymer les C'est que nos Sœurs se confessent aucunefois de certaines choses que les confesseurs n'entendent pas, comme peut estre des aversions; et quel remède il y a à cela? Il est vray, il y a des confesseurs qui n'entendent nullement que c'est qu'aversion, et si on ne leiu: explique ils pensent que ce soyent des malveillances; ce qui n'est pourtant pas, ainsy que je diray tantost. Il se rencontre des hommes qui sont fort doctes, et qui auront confessé trente ans les séculiers, qui n'entendront pas les Filles de Sainte Marie de la Visitation en ce qui est de la confession, non plus que les personnes qui, hors de la Visitation, font profession d'estre fort spirituelles; car ce sont des choses si minces et si délicates qu'il n'y a que les vrays spirituels qui les entendent bien. Mais que faut-il faire? Je trouve qu'il est tres-bon que les Supérieures instruisent les confesseurs qu'elles douteront n'estre pas capables de les bien entendre; au défaut dequoy, il faut que les filles lesquelles s'apperçoivent que le confesseur se mesprend, prenant opinion que ceste aversion dont elles s'accusent soit une haine ou malveillance (ce qu'elles peuvent facilement cognoistre par la reprehension qu'il leur fait), qu'elles se fassent mieux entendre et qu'elles luy disent librement: Mon Père, ce n'est pas cela; il me semble que vous ne m'entendez pas, c'est une telle chose. Et par après, elles peuvent bien dire à la Supérieure que le confesseur ne les entend pas, d'autant que ce n'est point l'accuser d'aucune imperfection, non pas mesme d'ignorance, puisqu'il se peut bierh faire que le confesseur, extrêmement docte, ne sera pas neantmoins capable de les entendre en ces choses si délicates et qui regardent plustost l'imperfection que le péché. Cela m'arriva une fois confessant une personne: elle s'accusa d'une chose que je n'entendois pas bien, d'autant que je ne pouvois pas croire qu'en une maison de si grande perfection il se commist un tel défaut. Je luy dis tout librement que je ne l'entendois pas et que je la priois de me mieux expliquer ce dont elle s'accusoit; ce qu'elle fit, et je trouvois que ce n'estoit rien.
O certes, je desirerois que nos Sœurs eussent un grand soin de se confesser fort clairement et simplement, à fin de ne point mettre les confesseurs en ces peines. La Supérieure doit avec humilité instruire les confesseurs de la qualité des fautes que les Sœurs commettent en ces aversions. (Ms. et Coll.)
uns par inclination et non p)as les autres, ne void-on pas que ('> si deux hommes entrent dans un tnpot où deux autres joiient à la paume, d'abord ceux qui entrent auront de linclination que l'un gaigne plustost que l'autre? Et d'où vient cela, puisqu'ils ne les ont jamais veiis ni l'un ni l'autre, ni n'en avoyent jamais ouy parler, ne sçachant p<jint si l'un est plus vertueux que l'autre? c'est pourquoy ils n'ont point de raison d'en affectionner plus l'un que l'autre. (^^ Il faut donc confesser que ceste inclination d'aymer les uns plus que les autres est naturelle; et l'on le void mesmes aux bestes, lesquelles n'ayant point de raison, ont toutesfois de l'aversion et de l'inclination naturellement. Faites en l'expérience en un petit agnelet qui ne fait que naistre: monstrez-luy la peau d'un loup; quoy qu'il soit mort, il se mettra à fuir, il beelera, il se cachera sous les flancs de sa mère t^^; mais monstrez-luy un cheval, qui est bien une plus grosse beste, il ne s'en espouvantera nullement, ains il se jouera avec luy. I^ raison de cela n'est autre, sinon que le naturel luy donne de l'alliance avec l'un et de l'aversion à l'autre.
Or, de ces aversions naturelles il n'en faut pas faire grand cas, non plus que des inclinations. pour\'eu que nous sousmettions le tout à la raison. Ay-je de l'aversion de converser avec une personne, laquelle je sçay bien estre de grande vertu et avec laquelle je puis beaucoup profiter? il ne faut pas que je suive mon aversion qui me fait éviter de la rencontrer; il faut que j' t- tisse ceste inclination <'^ à la raison (jui me dnii i. inc rechercher sa conversation, ou au moins v demeurer Les vrays Entretiens spirituels avec un esprit de paix et de tranquillité quand je m'y rencontre. Mais il y a des personnes qui ont si grand peur d'avoir de l'aversion à ceux qu'ils ayment par inclination, qu'ils en fuyent la conversation, de crainte qu'ils ont de rencontrer quelque défaut qui leur oste la suavité de leur affection et de leur amitié. (J)
Quel remède à ces aversions, puisque nul n'en peut estre exempt, pour parfait qu'il soit? Ceux qui sont d'un naturel aspre auront de l'aversion à celuy qui sera fort doux, et estimeront ceste douceur une trop grande mollesse, bien que ceste qualité de douceur soit la plus universellement aymée. L'unique remède à ce mal, comme à toute autre sorte de tentation, c'est une simple diversion; je veux dire, n'y point penser, Mais le malheur est que nous voulons trop bien cognoistre si nous avons raison ou non d'avoir aversion à quelque personne. O jamais il ne faut s'amuser à ceste recherche; car nostre amour propre, qui ne dort jamais, nous dorera si bien la pillule qu'il nous fera accroire qu'elle est bonne; je veux dire qu'il nous fera voir qu'il est vray que nous avons certaines raisons lesquelles nous sembleront bonnes, et puis, celles-là estans approuvées de nostre propre jugement et de l'amour propre, il n'y aura plus de moyen de nous empescher de les trouver justes et raisonnables.
i XVI Dks Aversions 391 O certes, il faut bien prendre garde à cecy; je m'est ens un peu à en parler parce qu'il est d'imjwrtance. Nous n'avons jamais raison d'avoir de l'aversion, beaucoup n? oins de la vouloir nourrir. Je dis donc: quand ce sont des simples aversions naturelles il n'en faut faire aucun estât, ains s'en divertir sans faire semblant de rien et tromper ainsi nostre esprit. Mais il les faut combattre et abattre quand on void que le naturel passe plus outre, et nous veut faire départir de la sousmission que nous devons à la raison, qui ne nous permet jamais de rien faire en faveur de nos aversions, non plus que de nos inclinations quand elles sont mauvaises, de cramte d'offencer Dieu. Or, quand nous ne faisons autre chose en faveur de nos aversions que de parler un peu moins agréablement que nous ne ferions à une personne pour laquelle nous aurions de grands sentimens d'afiection, ce n'est pas grande chose; ains il n'est presque pas en nostre pouvoir de faire autrement, quand nous sommes en l'émotion de ceste pas^^ion; l'on auroit tort de requérir cela de nous. ('"> "" La seconde demande est: Comment on se doit comporter en la réception des livres que l'on nous donne à lire? 1^1 Supérieure donnera à une des Soeurs un livre qui traitte fort bien des vertus; mais parce qu'elle ne l'ayme pas, elle ne fera point de profit de sa lecture, ains elle le hra avec une négligence d'esprit; et la raison est, qu'elle sçait desja sur le doigt ce qui est comprins dans [U,.
■■: l. t 11. ;. . . . %'/ \- v;: ■. j rnuir: j-::n t [ijt M- rt lr-> Coli V'"' • ■'' '■ ' '« I'J-i*>* •« <•» M-^"li'lr.
j'i'^ll-li C«ttC r<|-:. ^'" ' truMprnfe A p 104, vartanle (p'). vu m oorrfnpofuUncc ftv«c le trite. j lacturr. ain» elle le Ura avec uoa nattijwira d'eaprlt at on anaujr que luy oatara tout le guml rt la plaitir qu'il y a à la lire. Et la niios à» cecy mt qu'allé dit qu'eUa «çalt dai)a «ur la bout du doift ce qui a»C cmuprtna dadtw ce livre, et de pl«M. qu'elle aurait plu* de daiUr qu'ott l«y dunaaat â Mrt VAmomf et tUêm %m biM laa Uvraa q«l an parlent. Ja trouva qu'alla n*a paa 2qz Les vrays Entretiens spirituels ce livre, et qu'elle auroit plus de désir que l'on luy en fist lire un autre.
Or je dis que c'est une imperfection de vouloir choisir ou désirer un autre livre que celuy que l'on nous donne, et c'est une marque que nous lisons plustost pour satisfaire à la curiosité de l'esprit, que non pas pour profiter de nostre lecture. (°) Si nous lisions pour profiter, et non pas pour nous contenter, nous serions également satisfaits d'un livre comme d'un autre; au moins accepterions-nous de bon cœur tous ceux que nostre Supérieure nous donneroit pour lire. Je dis bien plus, car je vous asseure que nous prendrions plaisir à ne lire jamais qu'un mesme livre, pourveu qu'il fust bor et qu'il parlast de Dieu; ains, quand il n'y auroit que ce seul nom de Dieu nous serions contens, puisque nous trouverions tousjours assez de besogne à faire, après l'avoir leu et releu plusieurs fois. De vouloir lire pour contenter la curiosité, est une marque que nous avons encore un peu l'esprit léger, et qu'il ne s'amuse pas assez à faire le bien qu'il a apprins en ces petits livres de la pratique des vertus; car ils parlent fort bien de l'humilité et de la mortification, que l'on ne pratique pourtant pas lors que l'on ne les accepte pas de bon cœur.
Or de dire: Parce que je ne l'ayme pas, je n'en feray point de profit, ce n'est pas une bonne conséquence, non plus que de dire: Je le sçay desja tout par cœur, je ne sçaurois prendre plaisir à le lire. Tout cela sont des enfances, Vous donne-t'on un livre que vous sçavez desja tout ou presque tout par cœur? benissez-en Dieu, d'autant que vous comprendrez plus facilement sa doctrine. Si on vous en donne un que vous avez desja leu plusieurs fois, humiliez- vous, et vous asseurez tort d'ayraer plus l'amour de Dieu que non pas tous les livres ensemble, car certes, l'araour de Dieu doit estre préféré à toute autre chose. Mais parlant selon l'intention de la Sœur qui propose ceste question, nous dirons que (Ms. et Coll.) [Reprendre au texte, lig. 2.]
que c'est Dieu qui le veut ainsi à fin que vous vous amusiez plu^ à faire qu'à apprendre, et que sa Bonté vous le donne px)ur la seconde et troisiesme fois parce que vous n'avez pas fait vostre profit de la première lecture. t^> Mais le mal d'où procède tout cecy est que nous cherchons tousjours nostre propre satisfaction, et non pas nostre plus grande perfection. Si d'aventure l'on a esgard à nostre infirmité, et que la Supérieure nous mette au choix du Uvre que nous voudrons, alors nous le pouvons choisir avec simplicité; mais hors de là, il faut demeurer tousjours humblement sousmise à tout ce que la Sup>erieure ordonne, soit qu'il soit à nostre gré ou non, sans jamais tesmoigner les sentimens que nous pourrions avoir qui seroyent contraires à ceste sousmission. <')
La troisiesme demande est (*> si nous nous devons estonner de voir des imperfections entre nous autres, ou mesmes aux Supérieures. Quant au premier poinct, c'est sans doute que vous ne vous devez nullement estonner de voir quelques imjxîrfections céans, de mesme qu'aux autres maisons religieuses pour parfaites qu'eUes s<jyent; car vous ne le serez jamais tant que vous n'en fassiez tousjours quelques-unes pi»r cy par là, selon que vous serez '*^ exercées. Ce n'est pas grande chose de voir une tille laquelle n'a rien qui la fasche ou qui l'exerce, estre bien douce et faire peu de fautes. Quand on me dit: Voila une telle à laquelle on ne void jamais commettre d'imperfection, je demande incontinent: A-t'elle quelque charge? Si l'on me dit que non, je ne fais pas grand estât de sa perfection; car il y a bien différence entre la vertu de celle-cy et celle d'une autre laquelle sera bien exercée, soit intérieurement par les tentations, soit extérieurement par les contradictions qu'on luy fait. Car la vertu de force et la force de la vertu ne s'acquiert jamais au temps de la paix, et tandis que nous ne sommes pas exercés par la tentation de son contraire. Ceux qui sont fort doux tandis qu'ils n'ont point de contradiction, et qui n'ont point acquis ceste vertu l'espée au poing, ils sont voirement fort exemplaires et de grande édification; mais si vous venez à la preuve, vous les verrez incontinent remuer, et tesmoigner que leur douceur n'est oit pas une vertu forte et solide, ains imaginaire plustost que véritable.
Il y a bien différence entre avoir la cessation d'un vice et avoir la vertu qui luy est contraire. Plusieurs semblent estre fort vertueux, qui n'ont pourtant point de vertu, parce qu'ils ne l'ont pas acquise en travaillant. Bien souvent il arrive que nos passions dorment et demeurent assoupies; et si pendant ce temps-là nous ne faisons provision de forces pour les combattre et leur résister, quand elles viendront à se réveiller, nous serons vaincus au combat. Il faut tousjours demeurer humbles et ne pas croire que nous ayons les vertus, encore que nous ne fassions pas, au moins que nous cognoissions, des fautes qui leur sont contraires, Certes, il y a beaucoup de gens qui se trompent grandement en ce qu'ils croyent que les personnes qui font profession de la perfection ne devroyent point broncher en des imperfections, et particulièrement les Religieux, parce qu'il leur semble qu'il ne faille qu'entrer en la Religion pour estre parfaits, ce qui n'est pas; car les Religions ne sont pas pour amasser <*) des personnes parfaites, mais des personnes qui aycnt le courage de prétendre à la perfection. <>^ Mais que faudroit-il faire si l'on voyoit de l'imperfection aux Supérieures aussi bien qu'aux autres? ne faudroit-il pas s'en estonner? car on ne met pas des Supérieures imparfaites, dites- vous. Helas!
mes chères filles, si l'on ne vouloit mettre des Supérieurs et Supérieures sinon qu'ils fussent parfaits, il faudroit prier Dieu de nous envoyer des Saints ou des Anges pour l'estre, car des hommes nous n'en trouverons point. L'on recherche voirement qu'ils ne soyent pas de mauvais exemple; mais de n'avoir point d'imperfection l'on n'y prend pas garde, pourveu qu'ils ayent les conditions de l'esprit qui sont nécessaires; d'autant qu'il s'en trouveroit bien de plus parfaits, qui pour cela ne seroyent pas tant capables d'estre Supérieurs. Hé ' dites-moy, Nostre Seigneur ne nous a-t'il pas monstre luv-mcsmc qu'il n'y falloit pas 2gb Les vrays Entretiens spirituels prendre garde, en l'élection qu'il fit de saint Pierre pour le rendre Supérieur de tous les Apostres? car chacun sçait quelle faute fit cest Apostre en la Mort et Passion de son Maistre, s'amusant à parler avec une chambrière, et reniant si malheureusement son très-cher Seigneur qui luy avoit fait tant de bien; il fit le bravache, et puis en fin il print la fuite. Mais outre cela, dés qu'il fut confirmé en grâce par la réception du Saint Esprit, encore fit-il une faute qui fut jugée de telle importance, que • Cap. Il, II. saint Paul escrivant aux Galates *, leur dit qu'il luy avoit résisté en face parce qu'il estait reprehensible. Et non seulement saint Pierre, mais encore saint Paul et saint Barnabe, lesquels voulant aller prescher l'Evangile, eurent une petite dispute ensemble, parce que saint Barnabe vouloit mener avec eux Jean Marc qui estoit son cousin: saint Paul estoit d'opinion contraire et ne vouloit pas qu'il allast avec eux, et saint Barnabe ne vouloit pas céder à la volonté de saint Paul; et ainsi ils se séparèrent et allèrent prescher, saint Paul en une contrée, et • Act.
, XV, 37-41. saint Barnabe en l'autre avec son cousin Jean Marc*.
Bien est-il vray que Nostre Seigneur tira du bien de leur dispute; car au lieu qu'ils n'eussent presché qu'en un endroit de la terre, ils jetterent la semence de l'Evangile en divers lieux.
Ne pensons pas, tandis que nous serons en ceste vie, de pouvoir vivre sans commettre des imperfectoins (^'); car il ne se peut, soit que nous soyons Supérieurs, soit que nous soyons inférieurs, puisque nous sommes tous hommes, et par conséquent avons tous besoin de croire ceste vérité comme tres-asseurée, à fin que nous ne nous estonnions pas de nous voir tous sujets à des imperfections. Nostre Seigneur nous a ordonné de dire tous les jours ces paroles qui sont au Pater: Pardonnez-nous nos offences, comme nous pardonnons à ceux qui nous ont offencés*; et n'y a fKnnt d'exception en cestc • Matt. . vi, u. ordonnance, parce que nous avons tous besoin de le faire. Ce n'est pas une bonne conséquence de dire: Un tel est Supérieur, donc il n'est point colère et n'a point d'autre imperfection. Vous vous estonnez dequoy venant parler à la Supérieure, elle vous dit quelque parole moins douce que l'ordinaire, parce qu'elle a peut estre la teste toute pleine de soucis et affaires '^^; vostre amour propre s'en va tout trouble^, an lieu de penser que Dieu a p>em)is ceste petite secheri-sse à la Supérieure pour mortifier vostre amour propre, qui recherchoit que la Supérieure vous caressast un peu, recevant amiablement ce que vous luy vouliez dire. Mais en tin il nous fasche bien de rencontrer la mortification où nous ne la cherchons pas.
Helas! il s'en faut aller, pnant Dieu pour la Supérieure, le bénissant de ceste bicn-aymée contradiction. En un mot, mes chères filles, ressouvenons-nous des paroles du ^rand Apostre saint Paul*: La charité • 1 c«jr. xm. 3. ne pense point de mal; <<^'' voulant dire que dés qu'elle le void elle s'en destourne, sans y penser ni s'amuser à le considérer.
Vous me demandez de plus, touchant ce poinct, si la Supeneure ou la Directrice ne doit point tesmoigner de repuj^nance que les Steurs voyent ses défauts, et que c'est qu'elle doit dire (]uand une tille se vient accuser tout simplement à elle de quelque jugement ou pensée qu'elle a fait, qui la marque d'im)x:rfiK:tion; comme scroit si quelqu'une avoit pensé que la Sui)erieure auroit fait une correction avt»c passion. Or. je dis que ce qu'elle 2gS Les vrays Entretiens spirituels doit faire en ceste occasion c'est de s'humilier et recourir à l'amour de son abjection. Mais si la Sœur estoit un peu troublée en le disant, la Supérieure ne devroit pas faire semblant de rien, mais destourner ce propos, et neantmoins cacher l'abjection dans son cœur; car il faut bien prendre garde que nostre amour propre ne nous fasse perdre l'occasion de voir que nous sommes imparfaits, et de nous humiher. Et, bien que l'on retranche l'acte extérieur d'humilité, de crainte de fascher la pauvre Sœur qui l'est desja assez (d'), il ne faut pas laisser de faire l'intérieur. Que si au contraire la Sœur n'estoit point troublée en s'accusant, je trouverois bien bon que la Supérieure advoiiast librement qu'elle a failli, s'il est vray; car si le jugement est faux, il est bon qu'elle le die avec humilité, reservant tousjours neantmoins précieusement l'abjection qui luy revient de ce qu'on la juge défaillante.
Voyez-vous, ceste petite vertu de l'amour de nostre abjection ne doit jamais s'esloigner de nostre cœur d'un pas, parce que nous en avons besoin à toute heure, pour avancés que nous soyons en la perfection, d'autant que nos passions renaissent, voire quelquesfois après que nous avons vescu longuement en la Religion et après avoir fait un grand progrés en la perfection, ainsi qu'il advint à un Religieux de saint Pachome, nommé Sylvain, lequel estant au monde estoit (^') comédien de profession; et, s'estant converti et fait Religieux, il passa l'année de sa probation, voire plusieurs autres après, avec une mortification fort exemplaire, sans que l'on luy vist jamais faire aucun acte de son premier mestier. Vingt ans après, il pensa qu'il pouvoit bien faire quelque badinerie sous prétexte de recréer les Frères, croyant que ses passions fussent desja tellement mortifiées qu'elles n'eussent plus le pouvoir de le faire passer au delà d'une simple récréation. Mais le pauvre homme fut bien tromf>é, car la passion de la joye ressuscita tellement, qu'après les badineries il parvint aux dissolutionj», de sorte qu'on se résolut de le chasser du monastère; ce que l'on eust fait sans un de ses Frères Religieux, lequel se rendit plcige pour Sylvain, promettant qu'il s'amenderoit: ce qui arriva, et fut depuis un grand Saint*. Voila donc, mes chères Sœurs, comment il ne «vit^PiitnBn. Viu . s PartHwnH I T se faut jamais oublier de ce que nous avons este, à fin y xxxvmi. que nous ne devenions pires, et ne pas penser que nous soyons parfaits quand nous ne commettons pas beaucoup d'imperfections.
11 faut aussi prendre garde de ne nous pas estonner si nous avons des passions, car nous n'en serons jamais exempts <'*>; ces hermites qui voulurent dire le contraire furent censurés par le sacré Concile*, et leur opinion •CoocEpb*». , Part condamnée et tenue jxjur erreur. Nous ferons donc tousjours quelques fautes; mais il faut faire en sorte qu'elles soyent rares et qu'il ne s'en voye que deux en cinquante ans, ainsi qu'il ne s'en vid que deux en autant de temps que vesquirent les Apostres après qu'ils eurent receu le Saint Esprit. Kncore qu'il s'en verroit trois ou quatre, voire sept ou huict, en une si grande suite d'années, il ne s'en faudroit pas faschcr ni perdre courage, ains prendre haleine et se fortifier pour mieux faire.
Disons encor ce mot pour la Supérieure. Les Sœurs ne doivent pas s'estonner dequoy la Supérieure commet t«*) des imperfections, puistjue saint Pierre, tout Pasteur qu'il estoit de la sainte HgUse et Supérieur universei de tous les Chrestiens, tomba bien en défaut, et tel qu'il en mérita correction, ainsi que dit saint Paul*. De •vu t»çn, p. 9^ mesme, la Supérieure ne doit pas tesmoigner de Tr^tonnement si l'on void ses fautes, mais elle doit '^'^ observer {V) *t*mpîi (ao(lÉ« qu* nom •oroc» «a tmUM vto (Ht. «1 CoU.) (g*) U Smpéftémn - •! U MautrvMe àm S<nhem eommeltciil (Ma. «t ColL) (h') n* m4tmt.
• ni U Sop«rt«tf« ni U MiiilrwM m doiwat ^M laMBoéd« filon n«n<nt quand oa vo4d Unn «Mauts, H qiM oaua à» U Dtractrtw •oat murqvit par la» Novte«. at cvux d« U Snpahttvn par tout*» In; malt at Pana at l'tutr* doivanl (Mt. af CoU.)
:. oo Les vravs Entretiens spirituels l'huiTiilité et la douceur avec laquelle saint Pierre receut la correction que luy fit saint Paul, nonobstant qu'il fust son Supérieur. L'on ne sçait ce qui est plus considérable, ou la force du courage de saint Paul à reprendre saint Pierre, ou l'humilité avec laquelle saint Pierre se sousmit à la correction qui luy estoit faite, voire pour une chose en laquelle il pensoit bien faire et avoit une fort bonne intention. Passons outre.
Vous demandez en quatriesme lieu, s'il arrivoit un jour qu'une Supérieure eust tant d'incUnation de complaire aux personnes séculières, sous prétexte de leur profiter, qu'elle en laissast le soin particulier qu'elle doit avoir des filles qui sont en sa charge, ou bien qu'elle n'eust pas cissez de temps pour faire ce qui est des affaires de la maison, à cause qu'elle demeureroit trop longuement au parloir, si elle ne seroit pas obligée de retrancher ceste inclination, encore que son intention fust bonne. Je vous diray à cela que les Supérieurs doivent estre grandement affables aux (i') secuhers à fin de leur profiter, et doivent de bon cœur leur donner une partie de leur temps. Mais quelle pensez-vous devoir estre ceste petite partie? ce doit estre la douziesme, les unze restans pour estre employées dans la maison au soin de la famille. Les abeilles sortent bien voirement de leur ruche, mais ce n'est que par nécessité ou utilité, et demeurent peu sans y retourner; et principalement le roy des abeilles ne sort que rarement, comme quand il se fait un essaim d'abeilles, qu'il est tout environné de son petit peuple. La ReUgion (J') est une ruche mystique toute pleine d'abeilles célestes, lesquelles sont assemblées pour mesnager le miel des célestes vertus; et pour cela il faut que la Supérieure, qui est entre elles XVI Des Aversions 301 comme leur roy. soit soig^ieusi. * de le^ tenir de près p)our leur apprendre la façon de les acquérir et conserver Si ne faut-il pas neantmoins qu'elle manque pour cela à converser avec les pers<jnnes séculières quand la nécessité ou la charité le requiert; mais hors de là, ^^'^ il faut que la Supérieure soit courte avec les séculiers.
Je dis hors la nécessité et charité, d'autant qu'il y a certaines personnes de grand respect, lesquelles il ne faudroit pas mescontentcr Mais les Religieux et Reli^'ieuses ne se doivent jamais amuser avec les séculiers, sous prétexte d'acquérir des amis pour leur Congrégation. O certes, il n'est pas besoin de cela, car s'ils se tiennent dedans pour bien faire ce qui est de leur charge, ils ne doivent point douter que Nostre Seigneur ne pourvoye assez leur Congrégation des amis qui leur sont nécessaires '*''.
Mais s'il fasche à la Supérieure de rompre compagnie quand on sonne les Offices pour y aller, de crainte de mescontenter ceux avec qui elle parle? Il ne faut pas cstre si tendre; car si ce ne sont des personnes de grand respect, ou bien qui ne \nennent que fort rarement ou qui sont de loin, il ne faut pas quitter les Offices ni l'oraison, si la charité ne le requiert absolument. Quant aux visites ordinaires des personnes desquelles on se peut librement dispenser, 1? Portière doit d«re que nostre Mère ou les Sccurs sont en l'oraison ou à rOii' s'il leur plaist d'attendre ou de revenir. Mais s'il arrive que pour quelques grandes nécessités l'on aille au parloir pendant ce temps là, qu'au moins l'on reprenne du temps après pour refaire l'oraison, tant qu'il se pourra; car de l'Office, nul ne doute que l'on ne soit obligé de le dire. ("^')
Or, pour le regard de la dernière question, qui est si l'on ne doit pas tous jours faire quelque petite particularité à la Supérieure de plus qu'au reste des Sœurs, tant au vestir qu'au manger, elle sera tantost résolue; car en un mot, je vous dis que non, en façon quelconque, si ce n'est de nécessité, ainsi comme l'on fait à chacune des Sœurs. Mesmes il ne faut pas qu'elle ayt une chaire particulière ('^') si ce n'est au chœur et au chapitre; et en ceste chaire jamais l'Assistante ne s'y doit mettre, bien qu'en toute autre chose on luy doive porter le mesme respect qu'à la Supérieure (s'entend en son absence); au réfectoire mesme il ne luy en faut point, ains seulement un siège comme aux autres. Bien que par tout on la doive regarder comme une personne particulière et à laquelle on doit porter un très-grand respect, si ne faut-il pas qu'elle soit singulière en aucune chose, que le moins qu'il se pourra. L'on excepte tousjours la nécessité, comme si elle estoit bien vieille ou infirme; car alors il sera permis de luy donner une chaire pour son soulagement. Il nous faut éviter soigneusement toutes ces choses qui nous font paroistre quelque chose au dessus des autres, je veux dire suréminent et remarquable. La Supérieure doit estre recognué et remarquée par ses vertus, et non pas par ces singularités non nécessaires, spécialement entre nous aulrcb de la V^isitation, qui voulons faire une profession particulière d'une grande simplicité et humilité. Ces honneurs sont bons pour ces maisons religieuses où l'on appelle Madame, la Supérieure; mais pour nous autres, il ne faut rien de tout cela.
Qu'y a-t'il plus à dire? Comment il faut faire pour bien conserver l'esprit de la Visitation et empescher qu'il ne se dissipe? L'unique moyen est de le tenir enfermé vt enclos dans l'observance des Règles. Mais vous dites qu'il y en a qui sont tellement jalouses de cest esprit, qu'elles ne le voudroyent point communiquer hors de la maison. Il y a de la superfluité en ceste jalousie, laquelle il faut retrancher; car à quel propos, je vous prie, vouloir celer au prochain ce qui luv peut profiter? Je ne suis pas de ceste opinion, car je voudrois que tout le bien qui est en la Visitation fust recognu et sceu d'un chacun Et pour cela, j'ay tousjours esté de cest advis, qu'il seroit bon de faire imprimer les Règles et Constitutions, h hn que plusieurs les voyant en puissent tirer quelque utilité. Pleust h Dieu, mes chères Sœurs, qu'il se trouvast beaucoup de gens qui les voulussent pratiquer <«*)! l'on verroit bien Ur>i des grands changemens en eux, (jui reussiroyent à la gloire de Dieu et au salut de leurs âmes.
Soyez grandement soigneuses de conserver l'esprit de la Visitation, mab non pas en sorte que ce soin empesche de le communiquer charitablement et avec simplicité au prochain, à chacun selon leur capacité; et ne craignez pas qu'il se dissipe par ceste communication, car la charité ne gaste jamais rien, ains elle perfectionne toute chose. Dieu ««oit béni.
fn') bfttt^utr, \-'ifc in«-uur «Ir-» l,<>iuutr-%* (M%. •• CoU)
Les vrays Entretiens spirituels Ce qui a esté obmis de l'Entretien des Aversions (0 •ParUeiii. chap. iii. pechc * »? Or, de se plaindre à la Supérieure quand une Sœur nous a mortifiée, cela est tolerable à une fille imparfaite; mais se plaindre à une Sœur de ce que la Supérieure nous a mortifiée, je n'ay rien à dire làdessus, parce que sans marchander il s'en faut amender, si quelqu'une y estoit inclinée. Mais sur tout, de se plaindre au dehors de la Supérieure, ô vrayement il ne faut nullement le faire, cela est trop important. Si la Supérieure donne quelque sujet de plainte, je le luy voudrois dire tout confidemment, ou bien luy faire faire l'advertissement par sa Coadjutrice, comme la Constitu- Passons à la seconde question, qui est s'il est loisible à une Sœur de se plaindre un peu quelquefois à une autre, dequoy la Supérieure, ou la Maistresse des Novices, ou bien une Sœur, l'auroit faschée ou ne l'auroit pas bien satisfaite en quelque occasion; et s'il ne vaudroit pas bien mieux faire ces plaintes au confesseur ou Père spirituel, si c'est la Supérieure, ou à la Supérieure si c'est la Maistresse ou une Sœur qui nous a faschée, que non pas de nous addresser à quelque Sœur particulière? O mon Dieu, se plaindre est une chose bien dangereuse; car, comme nous avons dit en V Introduction, « pour l'ordinaire, qui se plaint pèche.
» La première façon, de se plaindre à une Sœur et parler de l'imperfection de celle qui ne nous a pas satisfaite, est tout à fait mauvaise; la seconde, de le dire aux Supérieurs, est tolerable aux imparfaits•Mais pour nous autres, ô je voudrois bien que nous ne fussions pas si tendres que de nous vouloir plaindre pour la moindre insatisfaction que nous recevons du prochain, lequel n'a peut estre nulle intention de nous fascher. Il ne faut pas dire grande chose sur ce sujet; il suffit que nous sçachions que, sans marchander, il s'en faut amender, estant une chose d'assez grande importance. (. Ms. et Coll.)
Cecy est de im. i-. Ktande importance. j»-. ■. « ne pen««. Aller dire A une Saur que la Supérieure a dit cecy ou cela d'elle en son absence, c'est an peehé qui s'appelle une susturration. Il faut que je vous apprenne X parler «MiiHffaiio en )-'■■■ -:t «lire ur ■•"'•-•^t.
un petit bruit ou mu. . . . w. .
que font cet p* >eaux *i il y a des ptenrs qui. faisant Sotter et ondoyer tes eaux, les • at de couler sans bruit, ainsi que loat les grands fleuves, q " n ne voéd presque pas leur mouvement coït elles font du bntit non pas comme des petits ruysseaux. ains comme des lorreas fort rapides al qui entraisnent après eux tout ce qu'Us rmeootrent. l. ea mondains. Oi mesdisent tout librement. Us crient les péchés et laa défauts de le«r prorhaia, ils sèment des dissensions. Us ont des malvaillaDoes et des haynes noriallai* Us ne prennent nul^ < awiéona, car ce ioat des haynei poor al ne eeasent de co<.
: ira da mal A oaaa aaagaals Us eo amt.
les personnes plus spint ors avanéooa ne prciluÉssnt pas dei dimportaooe, allas U peines qae ém pechéa; et illM méritent plus.
3o6 Les vrays Entretiens spirituels nous pouvons bien dire nos péchés véniels haut et clair à tout le monde pour nous humilier, mais non nos péchés mortels, parce que nous ne sommes pas maistres de nostre réputation. A plus forte raison sommes-nous obligés de couvrir ceux du prochain, luy en faisant toutesfois la correction fraternelle, ainsi que la Constitution ♦ Constit. XXV. vous enseigne*. Une Sœur aura dit devant d'autres quelque parole qui part de passion, ou fait quelque petit murmure, quelque mine froide: ô cela vous le pouvez dire à la Supérieure, voire mesme F ad ver tir en chapitre ou au réfectoire.
Certes, nous devrions avoir une si cordiale jalousie de la paix et tranquilHté de nos chères Sœurs, que nous ne devrions jamais rien faire ni dire qui les puisse fascher; or, rien ne peut tant affliger une pauvre fille que de croire que la Supérieure est faschée d'elle A quel propos, mes chères filles, irez-vous contrister une pauvre Sœur par ceste sussurration que vous faites en luy rapportant que la Supérieure ou une autre a dit quelque chose d'elle qui la pourra fascher? Mon Dieu! nous devons avoir plus de zèle de la paix et tranquillité du cœur de nos Sœurs que cela, et plus de soin de couvrir les défauts du prochain. Vous faites deux maux; car outre celuy de parler de l'imperfection qui a esté commise, vous ostez la tranquillité à vostre Sœur et de plus vous parlez en particulier. Puisque, par la grâce de Dieu, nous nous abstenons bien de ces grands péchés que j'ay dit qui se commettent au monde, il faut aussi que nous ayons un grand soin de nous abstenir de ceux-cy, puisqu'il est à nostre pouvoir de ne les pas faire.
Vostre Sœur fait-elle un péché qui n'est pas cogneu? faites ce que vous pourrez pour l'en faire amender, luy faisant la correction fraternelle ainsi qu'il est marqué dans les Règles. Mais hors de là, ayez un grand soin de ne le point descouvrir, sinon ainsi que vous trouverez dans l'article De la Correction, que vous devez faire; car autrement il y a du péché en le faisant. Nous pouvons bien dire nos péchés véniels haut et clair devant tout le monde, principalement quand c'est pour nous humilier; mais nos péchés mortels nous ne le pouvons pas, parce que nous ne sommes pas maistres de nostre réputation: à plus forte raison sommes-nous obligés de ne pas descouvrir ceux du prochain, quand ils sont secrets.
Une chose qui est veuë par plusieurs, il n'y a pas mal de la dire aux Supérieurs. Par exemple, une Sœur vous aura dit des paroles qui tesmoignent qu'elle est bien passionnée et qu'elle a un mouvement d'impatience; si elle fait cela devant quelque autre Sœur, ce n'est pas un secret ni un péché caché, vous le pouvez bien dire à la Supérieure à fin qu'elle essaye de l'en faire corriger, comme aussi de toutes les autres fautes qui ne sont pas d'importance: des légers murmures, des paroles ou mines froides que l'on se XVI Des Aversions 307 OU contre elle. Feray-je donques pas un grand péché de luy aller faire un rapport de quelque petit mot que la Supérieure aura dit par mesgarde, lequel estant redit paioistra grand, et tiendra ce pauvre cœur en peine et en douleur? Celle qui feroit cela feroit deux maux: elle contreviendroit doublement à la charité et parleroit en particulier. Au nom de Dieu, mes cIktcs filles, que jamais cela ne se fasse. Je ne voudrois pas mcsme, généralement parlant, que l'on nommast à la Supérieure les Sœurs qui parleroyent contre elle; bien luy diroisje que l'on desapprouve telle et telle chose qu'elle fait, mais je ne luy dirois point qui fait ce desapprouvement; car, mes chères filles, si nous n'avons la ferveur et pureté de la charité, nous n'aurons jamais la perfection. îf') Vous dites, si une Sœur n'avoit pas la confiance de parler à la Supérieure, ou à l'Assistante en son absence, pour déclarer le secret de son cœur, où neantmoins elle auroit besoin d'estre i^laircie, qu'e>t<e qu'elle doit faire? Mes tres-cheres filles, il faut que la Supérieure, ou l'Assistante en son absence, luy donne trc*s- facilement et cordialement |>enrission de parler à qui elle voudra d'entre les Sœurs, sans en tesmoigner ni aversion ni sécheresse de cœur, bien qu'il soit vray que si la Sœur continue, elle seroit imparfaite; car elle est obligée à regarder Dieu en ses SujxTicures et en ce qu'elles luy disent, et des particulières ne la pourront servir si utilement '"'* f«it Aucune» foé» 1« unes âux autre», de» luanquflOMas «a robaco'AOce àm CoittUtutk>oft et en ««mbUbie* petitn chute*, inai« H gnuMlm, Il faut faire ce qui r»l eo l'a/Uclc Di la Cofrtctton.
(M«. et Coll.)
boo» Attge*. i>«r« e que no* boo*. \iicr« ne »uat qu'aiut*a%*adeur» de Dtov, «C " ir-cneur» ticnuoit ' '- ''-: iiieMne, u qur. \u*uc brtgomr a . t lOMi tuomié, m 1»n Supenetjr». fl fn* fni mêiprièê mé mttpfiÈê. (Ma.)
, •! à Dtou:• 14 «ic^-h.» ! ,;': t ju(.» ut M. ; pooftaBl «Tajr que la S«M» ooaunettroit une tre» grande ttnpcrlecikMi, p— qu'elle ne «luil en la Syparteure que LMev Miileiiianl, m qn'ella u'mk pm lanl df faira «I la mtmmm àm Somr. (Ht.)
3o8 Les vrays Entretiens spirituels jugerez et que vous vous sentirez, laiics-le avec une >ainte liberté Il faut que je vous die encore, mes chères filles, que la sainte Eglise n'est point si rigounn>« i\\\e l'on pourroit p)enser. Si vous avez une Soeur i de la fièvre tierce seulement, et qu'un jour de feste son accès la (ieust prendre pendant la Messe, vous pouvez et devez perdre la Messe pour demeurer auprès d'elle, bien qu'en la laissant seule il ne luy en deust point arriver de mal; car voyez-vous la charité et la siiinte douceur de nostrc bonne Mère l'Eglise sont par tout surnageantes.
voiM remet à vo»tre voloot^, faites alort ce que vont voudra. Se un jour <Sc jeuioe voitt voot trouves un peu mal et voui faites une mine mtlenonUqne, bien que vous ne vouliex pas, ni ayez pa« beeoin de rien prendre, à œU je vous dis, ma cbcre 611e, au lieu de deux doéfts de pain et de vin, prenes (leuz doifts de oottrafe et de vigueur. À 6n de ne pas, par vostre mine malade, rendre les autres malades pour l'apprelMnsion qu'elles prendront de vostre loal.
Je vou« diray bien plus, pour vous monstrer oombécn la sainte Eglise n'est t>as si auftere en tes oommandemens. Vous avec une Sœur malade un jour de teste, elle n'a neantmoins que ta 6evre tierce, mais ton aooes luy pi«od pendant le temps de la Masse; elle se pâmera bien, oe taoïble, q«e peraonna deoMure aupr» d'elle pour demi-beure que durera la Minte MesM: Je vous vous pouves perdre la Messe pour demeurer auprès d'elle, bien tousjours escedec du oosté de la chanté en tout oecy, et pour Isa )eaiam rement, quand l'on prend d'ailleurs quelque travail pour la cbartté.
Scripture echoes
- ↩John.21.15-John.21.17 — When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" He said, "Yes, Lord, you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs." John.21.16 — He said to him again a second time, 'Simon, son of John, do you love me?' He said to him, 'Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.' He said to him, 'Tend my sheep.' John.21.17 — He said to him the third time, 'Simon son of John, do you love me?' Peter was grieved because he said to him the third time, 'Do you love me?' and he said to him, 'Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you.' Jesus said to him, 'Feed my sheep.'
- ↩Gal.2.11 — But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.
- ↩Acts.15.37-Acts.15.41 — But Barnabas wanted to take along also John, the one called Mark. Acts.15.38 — But Paul insisted that they should not take along with them the one who had withdrawn from them in Pamphylia and had not gone with them to the work. Acts.15.39 — A sharp disagreement arose, so that they separated from one another. Barnabas took Mark and sailed to Cyprus. Acts.15.40 — But Paul, having chosen Silas, went out, having been commended to the grace of the Lord by the brothers. Acts.15.41 — And he went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.
- ↩1Cor.13.5 — It does not dishonor others, it does not seek its own, it is not easily provoked, it does not keep a record of wrongs.
Notes
- 1 ↩Early modern 'fay' = fais. The sentence is very short and may be the opening of the barber-shop allegory or a truncated dialogue cue; sense taken as the barber's self-defense of a painless craft.
- 2 ↩Normalized OCR noise: leading 'ï<^)' dropped as non-text; 'joiie' → joue; 'I>ieu' → Dieu.
- 3 ↩Normalized: 'fan iliers' → familiers; 'ûlles' → filles; 'lairray' → laisserai; 'emplastrc' → emplastre; 'playes' = plaies.
- 4 ↩Normalized: 'fay' → fais; 'icy' → ici; 'seroyent' → seraient; 'qu'ils se «lont forgée' → qu'ils se sont forgée.
- 5 ↩'nous scandaliser' taken as mutual scandal/shock among the community when failings are named; alternative: 'being scandalized.' Sense: among themselves they may speak of small infirmities without worldly fear of scandal.
- 6 ↩Source '<**ï dkent-ib.' reconstructed as 'Disent-ils.' (they say), a dialogue/attribution tag introducing the following barber-shop comparison.
- 7 ↩Heavily corrupted OCR reconstructed from parallel sense and s2: 'Si vous approchez celle d'un barbier, vous y aurez un plaisir grand, d'autant qu'il y a toujours un petit [joueur] qui joue du flageolet; et outre cela, le baume est tellement suave que ce n'est que parfum.'
- 8 ↩Normalized OCR: 'Mate ao oootraire' → Mais au contraire; 'void-00' → voit-on; 'emplastrai et oofucns' → emplastres et onguents; 'oniinoiretneot' → continuellement; 'crleot: HoU' → crient: Holà.
- 9 ↩OCR-corrupt source reconstructed as roughly: «Mon Dieu, que de douleurs! d'autant que l'on fait aux uns des incisions, l'on raccommode les ruptures des autres, l'on applique le feu…». The final phrase after «le feu» («Ml truiÉwnui») is unreadable; rendered as cautery fire, the period surgical sense of appliquer le feu.
- 10 ↩Reconstructed from OCR: «enfin tout cela leur cause des grandes douleurs; car chacun sçait que l'on ne peut remettre les os qui sont disloqués et hors de leur place, sans faire dire holà au pauvre malade.» «boU» read as «holà», matching the cry of pain in the preceding section.
- 11 ↩Editorial apparatus from the Annecy edition, not spoken prose: opening of the source tag «(Ms. et Coll.)» (manuscripts and collections).
- 12 ↩Closes the Annecy source tag «(Ms. et Coll.)»: manuscripts and early printed collections of the Entretiens.
- 13 ↩Stripped running page furniture from the source line (page number 288 and the work title 'Les vrays Entretiens spirituels') and translated only the section content.
- 14 ↩Source ends mid-word: 'qui nous les fait a.' Joined with the following sentence's opening OCR garble 'ymeT' as intended 'aimer' ('love them').
- 15 ↩'Conversation' rendered as 'company' (17th-c. sense: society/intercourse), not mere talk. 'Contre-cœur' rendered as slight reluctance/distaste, not hatred.
- 16 ↩Opening 'ymeT' treated as OCR corruption of the second half of 'aimer', continuing s2. 'Amour sensible' rendered as 'felt love' (affective/sensibly experienced love, not bare willing).
- 17 ↩Source reading is broken at «d'aymer les C'est que»: the clause about natural liking looks severed from the previous section, and the live question begins at «C'est que nos Sœurs…». Translation keeps both pieces in order without inventing the missing object of «d'aymer les».
- 18 ↩Normalized «leiu:» as «leur» in «si on ne leur explique».
- 19 ↩Normalized «bierh» as «bien» in «il se peut bien faire».
- 20 ↩qualité des fautes: rendered as "nature of the faults" (kind/character), not moral excellence; the point is that aversions are delicate imperfections, not hatred or malice.
- 21 ↩Fragment of editorial apparatus, almost certainly belonging with s4 as a single witness note: (Ms. et Coll.). Not continuous French prose.
- 22 ↩Continuation of the s3 editorial apparatus; together s3–s4 read (Ms. et Coll.). Coll. is left as a conventional siglum (collection/collation).
- 23 ↩Source is damaged/OCR-corrupted: reconstructed as '…uns par inclination et non pas les autres, ne voit-on pas que si deux hommes entrent dans un tripot où deux autres jouent à la paume… auront de l'inclination que l'un gagne plutôt que l'autre?' (tripot/paume = jeu de paume court). Sentence also appears to open mid-thought after a lost prior clause.
- 24 ↩Corrected veiis→vus, ouy→ouï, p<jint→point, avoyent→avaient, sçachant→sachant.
- 25 ↩Leading editorial junk '(^^' ignored; void→voit, mesmes→même(s), bestes→bêtes, toutesfois→toutefois, aymer→aimer.
- 26 ↩Trailing mark 't^^' after mère ignored as print damage; ains rendered as 'instead'; naistre→naître; espouvantera→épouvantera.
- 27 ↩Opening 'I^' corrected to 'La' (La raison…).
- 28 ↩Source reads «pour\'eu que nous sousmettions»; translated as the intended «pourvu que nous soumettions» (provided that we submit).
- 29 ↩Source is badly garbled after the semicolon («j' t- tisse ceste inclination <'^ à la raison (jui me dnii i.»). Translated as the most plausible Salesian sense: «j'assujettisse cette inclination à la raison qui me dit» (I must subject this inclination to reason, which tells me).
- 30 ↩Source begins mid-clause («inc rechercher… ou au moins v demeurer») and inserts the running title «Les vrays Entretiens spirituels». Translated as the intended continuation: «de rechercher sa conversation, ou au moins de demeurer avec un esprit de paix et de tranquillité quand je m'y rencontre», omitting the header intrusion.
- 31 ↩Source is only the siglum «(J)», almost certainly a footnote marker or printer's cue, not prose belonging to the conference.
- 32 ↩diversion keeps the Salesian sense of turning the mind away (not amusement); paired with the author's own gloss n'y point penser.
- 33 ↩dorera la pillule rendered as the English idiom 'gild the pill' for sugarcoating something bitter so it seems good.
- 34 ↩Normalized from corrupt OCR: page-header noise ('i XVI Dks Aversions 391') stripped; 'je m'est ens' read as 'je m'estends'; 'imjwrtance' as 'importance'.
- 35 ↩Sentence is line-broken mid-phrase: 'beaucoup n?' continues as 'oins' in s3 → 'beaucoup moins'.
- 36 ↩Fragment 'oins de la vouloir nourrir' completes s2 as 'beaucoup moins de la vouloir nourrir'.
- 37 ↩'faire aucun estât' rendered as 'take no notice'; 'tromper ainsi nostre esprit' as deliberately redirecting attention so the mind is not fed by the aversion.
- 38 ↩'void' read as 'voit'; 'sousmission' as 'soumission'; 'cramte' as 'crainte'; 'offencer' as 'offenser'.
- 39 ↩'afiection' read as 'affection'; broken 'pas^^ion' / 'pas ion' as 'passion'.
- 40 ↩Leading OCR garbage ('("> ""') stripped before 'La seconde demande'.
- 41 ↩Reconstructed: leading '1^1' as page noise; 'hra' as 'lira'; truncated close 'dans [U,.' treated as incomplete end of the book/content reference. 'sçait desja sur le doigt' rendered as knowing thoroughly / cold.
- 42 ↩Source parenthesis: encore que nous ne fassions pas, au moins que nous cognoissions, des fautes qui leur sont contraires — rendered as not committing, or at least not knowing, the contrary faults.
- 43 ↩Religions / entrer en la Religion rendered as religious communities / enter religious life (Visitation conventual sense), not generic abstract 'religion'.
- 44 ↩Corpus has OCR noise (luv-mcsmc / 2gb Les vrays Entretiens spirituels) mid-clause; read as luy-mesme and ignored running header intrusion.
- 45 ↩Source marks Galatians (Cap. II) and Acts XV, 37-41; kept as candidate allusions for later Moses resolution.
- 46 ↩Leading editorial mark '(°)' in the source is treated as apparatus, not translated as sentence content.
- 47 ↩Normalized reading takes 'bor' as 'bon' (good): 'pourvu qu'il fût bon'.
- 48 ↩'ne les accepte pas de bon cœur': 'les' most naturally refers to the little books in context of aversions to assigned reading; it could also be heard as accepting the virtues themselves.
- 49 ↩Normalized corrupt forms in the source: "tort" read as "fort", "ayraer" as "aimer", and "araour" as "amour".
- 50 ↩Sentence is incomplete in the source and appears cut off by an editorial apparatus note beginning "(Ms.".
- 51 ↩Editorial source abbreviation, likely paired with the preceding "Ms." (manuscript and collation/collection note).
- 52 ↩Editorial instruction "Reprendre au texte, lig." directing the reader back to the main text.
- 53 ↩Closing fragment of the editorial note begun in the previous sentence ("lig. 2.").
- 54 ↩Source OCR corruptions normalized: plu^ → plus; px)ur → pour.
- 55 ↩Source OCR corruptions normalized: Uvre → livre; Sup>erieure → Supérieure.
- 56 ↩Source text is only the editorial fragment <'); no translatable French sentence content.
- 57 ↩Normalized heavy OCR corruption: imjxîrfections→imperfections; eUes s<jyent→elles soient; pi»r cy par là→par-ci par-là; ignored stray marks before exercées.
- 58 ↩Source 'tille' read as 'fille' (sister/young woman), the only plausible sense in context.
- 59 ↩'charge' rendered as 'office' (an assigned responsibility in community life), not as a legal accusation.
- 60 ↩'vertu de force' rendered as the cardinal virtue of fortitude; 'force de la vertu' as the strength/solidity of virtue.
- 61 ↩Source 'n'est oit pas' read as 'n'est pas' (is not); 'ains' kept as contrastive 'but... rather'.
- 62 ↩Source has OCR/print noise: 'aycnt' read as 'ayent' (aient); 'amasser <*>' treated as plain 'amasser' (to gather).
- 63 ↩'Religion(s)' / 'Religieux' rendered as religious life / religious communities / religious (members of orders), not generic 'religion' in the modern sense.
- 64 ↩Leading markup noise '<>^' ignored; sentence begins at 'Mais'.
- 65 ↩conditions de l'esprit: rendered as "qualities of mind" (the intellectual/spiritual gifts needed for office), not mere temperament.
- 66 ↩Normalized reading repairs OCR/print corruption: "luv-mcsmc" → "lui-même"; drops intrusive running head "2gb Les vrays Entretiens spirituels" between "falloit pas" and "prendre garde"; "Hé '" → "Hé!"; "monstre" → "montré".
- 67 ↩Sentence is truncated mid-clause at "que • Cap."; the following sentence refs carry the broken citation fragment and the continued main clause about Paul and the Galatians.
- 68 ↩Fragment "Il, II." is almost certainly the remainder of a printed citation "Cap. II." (Galatians 2), split from s5's "• Cap.".
- 69 ↩Source ends mid-sentence at "et • Act."; the Acts citation and the completion about Barnabas continue in the next section.
- 70 ↩Source has imperfectoins; translated as imperfections (clear OCR/typo; same sentence later has imperfections).
- 71 ↩Normalized fKnnt → point and cestc → ceste/cette; sentence is truncated mid-phrase before Matt. citation fragments in s3–s5.
- 72 ↩Source vi, u. read as Matt. vi, 12 (Lord's Prayer forgiveness petition); u. is likely OCR for 12.
- 73 ↩ordonnance continues ceste ... from s2: 'this command/ordinance' of daily praying the forgiveness petition.
- 74 ↩Corrected OCR: an lieu → au lieu; p>em)is → permis; secheri-sse → sécheresse; trouble^ → troublé; teste = tête.
- 75 ↩Source en tin read as enfin.
- 76 ↩Normalized OCR: pnant→priant; bicn-aymée→bien-aimée. 'Contradiction' here is the unwelcome opposition or dryness that becomes a precious mortification.
- 77 ↩Normalized OCR: ^rand→grand; 1 c«jr.→1 Cor. The citation continues in the following fragments.
- 78 ↩Fragment of the biblical citation; OCR 'xm.' read as chapter xiii of 1 Corinthians.
- 79 ↩Verse numeral in the interrupted citation. Source prints '3.'; the quoted clause in s6 matches 1 Cor 13:5 ('charity… thinketh no evil'), so rendered as 5.
- 80 ↩Normalized OCR: dés→dès; void→voit. Completes the Paul quotation begun in s3: 'La charité… ne pense point de mal.'
- 81 ↩OCR corruption restored for sense: Supeneure→Supérieure; repuj^nance→répugnance; Steurs→Sœurs; tille→fille; im)x:rfiK:tion→imperfection; scroit→seroit; Sui)erieure→Supérieure; avt»c→avec.
- 82 ↩Intrusive page-header text '2gS Les vrays Entretiens spirituels' (likely '228 Les vrais Entretiens spirituels') removed from the running sentence.
- 83 ↩Salesian abjection kept as a technical term for loving one's lowliness and being held in low regard, not modern English 'abjection' as degraded misery.
- 84 ↩humiher restored as humilier.
- 85 ↩Trailing OCR footnote marker '(d')' ignored as non-text apparatus.
- 86 ↩advoiiast restored as avouât; die as dise.
- 87 ↩Salesian 'amour de nostre abjection' kept as 'love of our own abjection' (love of our lowliness/being held of little account), not mere self-contempt.
- 88 ↩Normalized OCR corruptions: 'tromf>é'→'trompé'; 'dissolutionj»'→'dissolutions'; 'plcige'→'plège' (surety/pledge); trailing 'Saint*' treated as 'saint' with footnote marker dropped.
- 89 ↩Source ends in severe OCR garbage («vit^PiitnBn). Reconstructed as the start of the classical formula 'il ne se faut jamais...' linking into s6–s7.
- 90 ↩Source 'Viu .' is pure OCR/page-noise with no recoverable French content; left untranslated.
- 91 ↩Stripped OCR/page-header noise ('s PartHwnH I T', 'xxxvmi'); recovered 'se faut jamais oublier de ce que nous avons esté, afin' as continuation of s4.
- 92 ↩Normalized opening '11 faut' as 'Il faut'. Sentence ends mid-clause on corrupted '•CoocEpb*»'; completion continues in s2 as 'fut condamnée et tenue pour erreur'.
- 93 ↩Corrected OCR 'Part… jxjur' to 'fut… pour'; this fragment completes s1: 'et leur opinion fut condamnée et tenue pour erreur'.
- 94 ↩Normalized 'Kncore'→'Encore', 'faschcr'→'fascher' (fâcher), 'huict'→'huit'; kept older 'ains' as 'rather'.
- 95 ↩Normalized OCR noise in the French: «puistjue»→«puisque», «HgUse»→«Église», «universei»→«universel», and stripped the broken footnote marker after «commet».
- 96 ↩Source «De •vu t»çn, p.» is residual OCR of the marginal/scripture citation attached to the Paul reference in s2; most plausible reading is Galatians 2 (cf. the conference's earlier Cap. II, II / aux Galates citation of Paul's rebuke of Peter).
- 97 ↩Readable French begins «De mesme, la Supérieure ne doit pas tesmoigner d'étonnement si l'on void ses fautes, mais elle doit observer…»; after «observer» the staged text collapses into apparatus OCR. The object of «observer» is supplied from the continuous print sentence resumed after the page break («l'humilité et la douceur avec laquelle saint Pierre receut la correction que luy fit saint Paul, nonobstant qu'il fust son Supérieur»).
- 98 ↩««1 CoU.)» is residual editorial apparatus «(Ms. et Coll.)», not body prose.
- 99 ↩Reconstructed from «(g*) U Smpéftémn - •!» as the opening of critical note (g*) on «la Supérieure».
- 100 ↩Reconstructed «U MautrvMe àm S<nhem eommeltciil (Ma.» as «et la Maistresse des Novices commettent (Ms.»—apparatus expanding the subject of committing imperfections beyond the Superior alone.
- 101 ↩««t ColL) (h') n* m4tmt.» read as closing «et Coll.)» of the previous note, then apparatus label «(h')» introducing «De même» / the next variant note.
- 102 ↩Normalized away page-header contamination ('oo Les vravs Entretiens spirituels') and OCR 'huiTiilité' → humilité. The printed unit is a noun phrase; opening 'Look at' is the most plausible discourse frame for this exemplum (cf. Salesian Voyez / continuous 'observer' from the preceding unit).
- 103 ↩Source OCR reads «incUnation» and «cissez»; translated as inclination and assez (enough).
- 104 ↩Source OCR reads «secuhers» and a stray «(i')»; translated as séculiers (secular people).
- 105 ↩«famille» here is the religious house/community, not a household in the secular sense.
- 106 ↩Early modern natural history often called the queen the «roy des abeilles»; the source's «king» is retained for fidelity.
- 107 ↩Normalized text has OCR/print debris («ReUgion (J')», «XVI Des Aversions 301»); translated as La Religion and the chapter-header noise dropped. Sentence is incomplete and continues in s7–s8.
- 108 ↩Source «soit soig^ieusi» restored as soit soigneuse (must be careful/attentive); fragment continues the s6 clause.
- 109 ↩Restored from OCR: «de le^ tenir»→de les tenir; «p)our»→pour; «pers<jnnes»→personnes; leading asterisk and stray marks treated as print debris. «les» / «les acquérir» refers to the heavenly virtues of the previous sentence.
- 110 ↩Normalized OCR: mescontentcr → mescontenter; Reli^'ieuses → Religieuses. The first clause continues the prior counsel that a superior should keep secular visits brief, except for necessity and charity.
- 111 ↩Trailing print junk '*'' omitted as non-lexical; pourvoye read as pourvoie (subjunctive of pourvoir).
- 112 ↩Corrected corrupt readings: 'cstre' → 'estre' (être); '\nennent' → 'viennent' (come). Sense: persons who come only very rarely.
- 113 ↩Trailing '1?' appears to be a corrupt footnote marker or fragment, not part of the French sentence; omitted from the English.
- 114 ↩Corrected corrupt readings: 'd«re' → 'dire'; 'Sccurs' → 'Sœurs'; 'à rOii'' → 'à l'Office' (most plausible in context with oraison/Offices).
- 115 ↩Source contains only a corrupted footnote marker ('("^')') with no recoverable French prose.
- 116 ↩Source contains OCR artifact ('^'); ignored as non-lexical. 'chaire' rendered as 'chair' (special seat of rank/office), not 'pulpit'.
- 117 ↩'personne particulière' means a person of special rank/standing, not 'a particular individual' in the modern casual sense; 'singulière' means marked out by special treatment or distinction.
- 118 ↩Normalized corrupt OCR 'aulrcb de la V^isitation' as 'autres de la Visitation' ('us of the Visitation'), which fits sense and parallel 'nous autres' in s7.
- 119 ↩Source reads «enfermé vt enclos»; «vt» is treated as a garbled «et» (and).
- 120 ↩Source reads «ce qui luv peut profiter»; «luv» is treated as «luy» (lui).
- 121 ↩Source has the garbled sequence «h hn que» before «plusieurs»; read as purpose «afin que» / «so that».
- 122 ↩Source reads «Pleust h Dieu» and ends with stray «<«*)»; treated as «Pleust à Dieu» with no trailing matter.
- 123 ↩Source has «Ur>i» after «bien» and «(jui» for the relative; treated as «bien de grands changemens» and «qui».
- 124 ↩Reading source 'mab' as 'mais' (but); early-modern 'empesche'/'ceste'/'gaste'/'ains' normalized as empêche/cette/gâte/rather.
- 125 ↩Source reads 'Dieu ««oit béni.'; corrected to the standard formula 'Dieu soit béni.'
- 126 ↩Supplied French is OCR debris (fn') bfttt^utr, \-'ifc in«-uur «Ir-» l,<>iuutr-%* (M%.) with no recoverable sentence between Entretiens.1.16.33 and 1.16.35.
- 127 ↩Supplied French (•• CoU)) is residual OCR/page furniture, not a recoverable sentence of the Conference on Aversions.
- 128 ↩Source trailing matter “(0 •ParUeiii.” is OCR-corrupted and not translated; the heading body is clear.
- 129 ↩Source “pechc * »?” is unreadable OCR; “pechc” may be a mangled “pèche,” but cannot be restored with confidence.
- 130 ↩“sans marchander” rendered “without haggling” (no bargaining/delay); also supports “without hesitation / without further ado.”
- 131 ↩Source breaks mid-word at “comme la Constitu-”; treated as truncated “Constitutions” (or “Constitution”), with the text then shifting to “Passons à la seconde question….”
- 132 ↩“en V Introduction” read as “en l’Introduction” (likely Francis de Sales’s Introduction to the Devout Life); “V” treated as OCR for “l’.”
- 133 ↩Source joins the second clause with a mid-line bullet (•Mais); treated as a period/sentence break before the contrastive Mais.
- 134 ↩sans marchander: idiomatic 'without haggling/hesitation'; rendered as 'without any bargaining' to keep the force of refusing to negotiate away amendment.
- 135 ↩Ms. retained as the conventional abbreviation for manuscript; almost certainly apparatus, not spoken conference prose.
- 136 ↩et Coll.) kept as apparatus: probably 'and Coll[ation/ections]' closing the parenthetical Ms. note; not continuous spoken prose.
- 137 ↩OCR 'Ktande' read as 'grande' (great), the standard adjective before 'importance' in this conference's diction.
- 138 ↩susurration (Fr. susurration/sussurration; moral-theology susurratio): secret whispering or tale-bearing—reporting another's words so as to trouble or set people at odds. Kept as the named sin Sales uses; plain sense is whispering tales behind someone's back.
- 139 ↩Normalized obvious OCR: Saur→Sœur; A→à; cecy→ceci; an peehé→un péché; susturration→susurration.
- 140 ↩Read OCR 'X parler' as 'à parler' (to speak). Remainder after 'parler' ('MiiHffaiio en… lire ur…') is unrecoverable without invention.
- 141 ↩Source ends mid-word as «mu.»; restored as French murmure from the surrounding definition of susurration (whispering/backbiting) and the following stream/noise metaphor.
- 142 ↩The opening continues the preceding printed section. Severe OCR corruption obscures the final relative clause, so only its recoverable beginning is translated.
- 143 ↩The source is badly corrupted. This rendering follows the apparent contrast between noisy little streams and the quiet movement of great rivers; several linking words remain uncertain.
- 144 ↩This appears to be a short heading or marginal label rather than a complete sentence.
- 145 ↩Only the general sense of persistent hostility is recoverable from the damaged second clause.
- 146 ↩Source OCR is nearly illegible (': ira da mal A oaaa aaagaals Us eo amt.'). Reading reconstructed against the continuous corrected French of this conference: 'et ne cessent de contrister ou faire du mal à ceux auxquels ils en ont,' completing the clause begun in the previous section about worldly people whose aversions have become mortal hatreds.
- 147 ↩Source line is severely OCR-corrupted. Most plausible normalized French: «Les personnes plus spirituelles ou avancées ne produisent pas de [fautes/péchés] d'importance, [sinon] les peines que leurs péchés [apportent]; et elles méritent plus.» Object of «produisent» and the middle clause are partly restored from neighboring context (worldly great sins vs. lesser pains/faults).
- 148 ↩Leading matter "3o6 Les vrays Entretiens spirituels" is treated as a running page/header contamination (page 306 + work title), not as part of the spoken sentence.
- 149 ↩Sentence appears truncated mid-citation: "ainsi que la Constitution ♦ Constit." continues in the following sentence fragments (XXV / vous enseigne).
- 150 ↩Isolated Roman numeral from a Constitution citation (Constit. XXV), split from surrounding text by sentence segmentation.
- 151 ↩Completes the preceding citation: "just as the Constitution XXV teaches you." Asterisk in source likely a footnote marker.
- 152 ↩Source "F ad ver tir" read as OCR corruption of "l'advertir" (old spelling of avertir, "to report/warn about her").
- 153 ↩Source shows OCR 'tranquilHté' for 'tranquillité'; missing period before 'A quel propos' treated as a new sentence.
- 154 ↩'jalousie' here is protective, jealous care for another's peace, not envy; 'sussurration' is whispering/gossip.
- 155 ↩'parler en particulier' rendered as private conversation (side whispering), not formal private counsel; context is gossip that disturbs peace.
- 156 ↩Source is a severely corrupted OCR fragment, almost certainly the opening of a parenthetical abbreviation: (M. — most plausibly the start of (M. et Coll.).
- 157 ↩Likely the second half of the parenthetical abbreviation (M. et Coll.), split from the previous sentence fragment by OCR/segmentation. 'Coll.' left unexpanded because the source does not resolve it.
- 158 ↩Normalized reading strips the running header '308 Les vrays Entretiens spirituels' and repairs OCR: laissez-le, sainte liberté, dise, rigoureuse que l'on pourrait penser. The sentence also begins mid-thought after a corrupted previous section.
- 159 ↩Repaired OCR: Soeur qui a / Soeur atteinte de la fièvre tierce; dût prendre; sainte douceur; nostre/notre. 'Perdre la Messe' rendered as 'miss Mass' (omit attendance to care for her).
- 160 ↩charité kept as charity (theological virtue), not generic kindness; douceur as gentleness. surnageantes rendered as 'rise above everything' (prevail / come to the surface over lesser claims).
- 161 ↩Source OCR is badly corrupted ('voiM remet à vo»tre voloot^, faites alort ce que vont voudra'). Reconstructed as early modern French: 'Je vous remets à vostre volonté; faites alors ce que vous voudrez.'
- 162 ↩Reconstructed from corrupted OCR as: 'Si un jour de jeûne vous vous trouvez un peu mal et vous faites une mine mélancolique, bien que vous ne vouliez pas, ni n'ayez pas besoin de rien prendre, à cela je vous dis, ma chère fille, au lieu de deux doigts de pain et de vin, prenez deux doigts de courage et de vigueur.' 'Deux doigts' is a small measure (a couple of fingers' worth).
- 163 ↩Reconstructed as: 'À fin de ne pas, par vostre mine malade, rendre les autres malades pour l'appréhension qu'elles prendront de vostre mal.' 'À fin de' = so as to / in order not to; 'mal' restored from 'loal'.
- 164 ↩Reconstructed heavily corrupted OCR as: «Je vous diray bien plus, pour vous monstrer combien la sainte Eglise n'est pas si austere en ses commandemens.» Parallel sense in Entretiens.1.16.33 (Church not so rigorous as one might think).
- 165 ↩Reconstructed OCR for key phrases: «Vous avez une Sœur malade un jour de feste… la fievre tierce… son acces luy prend… la Messe… ce semble, [si] que personne [ne] demeure… demi-heure… la sainte Messe… vous pouvez perdre la Messe… bien tousjours excédez du costé de la charité… et pour cela certainement, quand l'on prend d'ailleurs quelque travail pour la charité.» Parallel counsel appears in Entretiens.1.16.33.
- 166 ↩«fievre tierce» rendered as «tertian fever» (intermittent fever with attacks every other day). «perdre la Messe» kept as «miss Mass» (lawful omission of attendance for charity).
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