El domingo en la noche
The Duty of Gratitude
The believer is called to meditate on divine benefits as a remedy against ingratitude and a catalyst for love and service.
Today, reflect on God's blessings: thank the Lord for them, kindle your love more deeply for the One who has done you so much good, and feel more keenly the offenses committed against so merciful a Benefactor. Although these benefits are countless, they can all be grouped into five categories: the benefit of creation, preservation, redemption, and vocation, along with the hidden benefits that each person will find they have received within themselves.1 People can sometimes understand the positive benefits well enough, but as for the privative ones—which don't consist in doing us good, but in freeing us from evils—who will ever know those?2 It's only right that we always give thanks to the Lord for these, just as we do for the others; we must understand how deep in debt we stand, and how much more we owe than we could ever repay—for we can't even comprehend it.3 Considering God's benefits One of the greatest complaints our Lord has against humanity, and one for which he will hold them most strictly accountable on the day of judgment, is their ingratitude for his benefits. The prophet Isaiah began his prophecy with this very complaint, calling heaven and earth to witness against the ingratitude and indifference of the wicked: "Hear, O heaven," he says, "and listen, O earth, for the Lord God has spoken: I raised and exalted children, and they have despised me." The ox knew its owner, and the donkey the manger of its master. But Israel has not known me, nor has my people been willing to understand». What could be stranger than that human beings fail to recognize what even animals recognize? As Saint Jerome notes on this passage, he didn't compare them to more intelligent animals—like the dog, which defends its master's house for a bit of bread—but to oxen and donkeys, which are duller, coarser beasts. He did this to show that the ungrateful are not just like ordinary animals, but are far more brutish than the most brutish of beasts. So what punishment does such great brutishness deserve? God has many punishments prepared for the ungrateful; but the most just and common one is to strip them of every benefit they've received, since they don't turn back to the Giver with the gratitude those gifts deserve. For, as Saint Bernard says, "ingratitude is a scorching wind that dries up the stream of divine mercy, the spring of his clemency, and the current of his grace." So just as ingratitude is the cause of such great evils, so, on the contrary, gratitude is the beginning of the greatest goods—and especially of three. The first is love of God; for, as Aristotle says, "the good is lovable in itself, but each person is more inclined to love their own good." So, since people are by nature such lovers of themselves and of their own advantage, when they clearly see that everything they have is a free gift from that supreme Benefactor, they then incline to love and wish well toward the one they see has done them so much good.4 It follows that among the considerations that help most toward attaining the love of God, one of the chief is the consideration of divine benefits—because each of these benefits is like a firebrand that stirs and kindles the flame of this love even more. And so, considering many of these benefits is gathering many firebrands into one heap, so that the flame of this fire may burn hotter and hotter. This consideration is also useful for awakening in a person the desire to serve God, when he considers the great obligation he has toward the One to whom he owes so much. For if even the birds and the brute beasts, for this reason, answer the voice of the one who calls them and obey, like rational persons, everything they are commanded, how much more right is it that the one who has received so much more, and can understand it so much better, should do the same?✦5 This same consideration is also useful for awakening in our souls sorrow and repentance for our sins. For when a person considers deeply, on the one hand, the multitude of benefits he has received from God, and on the other, the multitude of wrongs he has done against Him, how can he help being ashamed and confounded, and knowing black better by white—that is, the greatness of his wickedness compared with the greatness of that supreme goodness which for so long kept doing good to one who always kept doing evil?67 For these three reasons, you should reflect on the divine benefits—and, along with that, give the Lord thanks for them. And so, when meditating on them, one must carefully make these turns of the heart in their proper places, applying the heart sometimes to love of the One who has done so much good; at other times to the desire to serve him; at other times to sorrow and repentance for one's sins; and at other times also to offering a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving for them—those little calves of the lips that the Prophet wants us to offer to God for the benefits we have received.89 And although these are innumerable, here we'll treat only five main kinds of benefits, to which all the others can be reduced—namely: the benefit of creation, and of governance, and of redemption, and of vocation, and finally the particular and hidden benefits that each person can recognize within himself. And you don't need to think through all these benefits at once: it's enough to ponder one, or two, or three of them carefully and thoroughly chewed over; because the exercises of meditation shouldn't be taken as piecework, like a task you have to finish, but as each day's food — and the more moderately you take it and the better you digest it, the more wholesome it usually is.10
The Gift of Creation
Meditation on the act of creation, emphasizing the soul's origin from nothingness and its high dignity as an image of God.
I. On the benefit of creation So, beginning with the gift of creation: if you are to feel more truly something of how great this gift is, you must first think very deeply about what you were before you were created. This is one of the chief counsels the masters of the spiritual life usually give on this point—both so that we may know how great this gift is, and for what they call annihilation: that is, so that a person may see clearly and unmistakably that of himself he is nothing more than pure nothing.11 So consider how today—so many years ago (and not a thousand years, or a hundred years, but only since yesterday, that is, from a very short time until now)—you were, at least as far as the soul is concerned, nothing; and from eternity you were nothing, and you could have been nothing forever: which is to be less than earth, less than air, and less even than a straw—in short, nothing.12 Then consider how nothingness could not make itself into something, nor could it deserve for anyone else to make it something; for what does not exist can neither act nor deserve. So, while you lay in that darkness and in that deep abyss of nothingness, it pleased that infinite goodness and mercy, before any merit of yours, by pure grace, to use its power and omnipotence toward you, and with its mighty hand to draw you out of that darkness and that deep abyss of non-being into being, and make you something.13 And, as Saint Augustine says, not just any something: not a stone, not a bird, not a serpent, but a human being—which is one of the noblest creatures in the world. He gave you the being you have; He composed and organized your body and furnished it, both with limbs and with senses, with such marvelous providence and craftsmanship that each of them, if you consider it carefully, is by itself a great wonder and a very great gift.14 This is that gift which holy Job humbly acknowledged when he said: Your hands, Lord, made me and formed me completely all around. Remember, Lord, that just as You made me from a mass of clay, so You will return me to that same clay.15 With skin and flesh You clothed me; You composed me of bones and sinews; You gave me life and mercy; and You have kept my spirit by Your visitation.16 So what can I say about the nobility of your soul, the loftiness of the purpose for which it was created, and the image and capacity it possesses? It bears the image of God himself, because in truth, nothing on earth resembles God more closely, nor is there any clearer way for us to come to know him. That is why the ancient philosophers, especially Anaxagoras, found no more fitting name for God than Mind—which is the same as a rational soul—because of the great likeness he saw between God and it. This is why the substance of our soul cannot be perfectly understood: because it is so similar to that divine substance, which cannot be known in this life, the soul itself cannot be fully known either. So the end for which this noble creature was made matches that dignity, because it is certain that it was created to share in that blessed glory and happiness of God: to dwell in his house, to eat at his table, to enjoy what he enjoys, to wear the same robe of immortality that he wears, and to reign forever with him.✦✦✦✦ From this, the soul receives its marvelous capacity—a capacity so great that all the creatures and riches of the world combined can no more fill its depth than a grain of millet could fill the entire world.17 So, how will we repay the Lord for such a great gift?✦ If we owe so much to our natural parents for having had some part in the making of this body, how much more will we owe that eternal Father who, through them, formed the body and, without them, created the soul—which is beyond comparison more excellent than the body, and without which the body would be nothing more than a stinking dunghill?1819 What are parents, if not instruments God used to make a small part of this work? So if you owe so much to the instrument of the work, how much more will you owe the principal agent who made it? And if you owe so much to the one who had a hand in making only a part, how much more will you owe the one who made it all?20 If you place such a high value on the sword used to win a city, how much more should you value the king himself who won it?
The Benefit of Preservation
Reflection on God's constant providence, which sustains all creatures and delivers the believer from daily perils.
II. On the benefit of being preserved He wasn't content with creating you in such dignity and glory; he is the one who, after creating you, sustains you in it—just as he says through Isaiah: I am the Lord your God, who teaches you what you need to know and guides you on the path you walk. Many mothers, content only with the labor of giving birth to their children, don't want to take on the task of raising them, but look for a nurse to take that burden off their hands.21 But here it isn't so. The same Lord chose to take charge of everything himself, acting as the mother who gave us birth and the nurse who raises us with the milk and tender care of his providence, as he testifies through a prophet: I was like a nurse to Ephraim, and I carried them in my arms; yet they did not understand the care I had for them.22 So one and the same is the maker and the preserver of everything made; and just as without him nothing was made, so also without him everything would come undone. The prophet David clearly confesses both of these things in these words: All things, Lord, wait for you to give them their portion and food in their seasons; and when you give it to them, they receive it, and when you open the hand of your bounty, they are filled and supplied with everything they need.23 But if you turn your face away from them, they are immediately thrown into confusion and fail, and return to that same dust from which they were made. So just as all the movement and ordered working of a clock depends on the weights that pull it and carry it after them—so that if they stopped, that whole mechanism and motion would stop at once—so the whole mechanism of this great machine depends only on the weight of divine providence, such that if it were taken out of the middle of things, everything else would fail at once.24 But if you think about it, how many benefits does this one benefit hold within itself? Every moment and movement of your life is part of this benefit; you couldn't live or continue through a single one of them if God turned his eyes from you for even an instant. Every creature in the world is part of this benefit, as we see that they all serve this end. So heaven and earth are yours, along with the sun, moon, and stars, the sea, the fish, the birds, the trees, the animals, and ultimately everything—for all of them are dedicated to your service.25 This is that benefit the prophet marveled at so much when he said: What is man, Lord, that you remember him so, or the son of man, that you visit him so? You made him a little lower than the angels; you crowned him with glory and honor, and you gave him dominion over all the works of your hands. You put all things under his feet: sheep, cattle, and all the animals of the field, the birds of the sky, and the fish of the sea that make their way along the paths of the sea. O Lord, our God, how wonderful your name is in all the earth! Not content with having appointed all visible creatures for this purpose, he also wanted, in his great mercy, to appoint the invisible ones as well—those noble intelligences who stand before him and see his divine face. As Saint Paul says, they are all officers in this great house and family of God, and to them is entrusted the guardianship and protection of human beings.26 Finally, he put the whole world to work in your service so that you might give yourself to his. He wouldn't have any creature under heaven or above heaven be free from serving your good, so that within you, nothing would be free from serving him.27 And even if you skim through all of this, you must not skim that way over the mercies God has shown you in delivering you from countless mishaps and miseries that we see happen to people every day. You see one person crippled, another blind, another missing a limb, another with a broken leg, another with the pains of the stone or of gout, or with other similar afflictions.28 For in truth this world is nothing other than a vast sea of endless troubles, and you'll hardly find a thing in all this land of Egypt that does not have its groan and its pain. So tell me now: Who gave you this bull of exemption?29 Who made you so privileged that among so many who are maimed you are healthy, and among such a crowd of the fallen you stand on your feet? Aren't you a human being like everyone else, a sinner like everyone else, and a child of Adam like everyone else? So if all these evils come either from nature or from guilt, and the same causes are in you, how is it there aren't the same effects? So who suspended the effects of these causes? Who held back the currents of the waters so you wouldn't perish in this common flood, if not divine grace alone? So then, once you've carefully tallied this account, you'll find that all the world's evils are benefits given to you, and that for each of them you owe special gratitude and love.30 So that, by the earlier benefit, we find that all the world's goods are benefits given to you, since they all serve for your preservation; but now, by this one, we know that the evils too are benefits given to you, since this Lord has delivered you from all of them.31
The Mystery of Redemption
A deep contemplation of Christ's passion, highlighting the cost of redemption and the believer's debt of love.
III. On the benefit of the redemption Let us turn to the inestimable benefit of our redemption; though it would be better to adore this mystery in holy silence than to speak of it so poorly with a mortal tongue. Through your own fault you lost that first innocence and grace in which you were created, and that divine equity could justly have left you in that miserable state (as it left the devil), with no one to call it to account; and he would not do it, but rather, on the contrary, turning wrath into mercies, he resolved to grant greater favors the greater the offenses he had received.32 And though he could have remedied this harm by sending an angel or an archangel, and in many other ways, he would only come himself in person; and though he could have come in majesty and glory, he chose to come in humility and poverty, so as to make you love him more through this benefit, and bind you more tightly by this example, and redeem you more richly with so great a treasure, and make you know more clearly how much he loved you, so that you would love him in return, and how much you had in him, so that you would put your hope in him. This is what the prophet Isaiah, with good reason, stresses in those words which, according to the translation of the Seventy, run thus: In all the tribulations of men he did not grow weary or tire of suffering for them; and he would not send them an ambassador or an angel to redeem them, but he himself in person, out of the greatness of his pity, chose to come to redeem them and carry them on his shoulders all the days of the age; though they poorly recognized this benefit, and grieved and provoked the Holy Spirit to anger.✦✦33 And if you owe so much to this Lord because he himself, in person, chose to come and redeem you, how much more will you owe him for the way he redeemed you—which was with such great sufferings? It's certainly a great gift for a king to spare a thief the lashes he deserves; but for that same king to choose to take them on his own back instead—that is, beyond comparison, a far greater gift. How many gifts does this one gift hold within itself? Lift your eyes to that holy wood and look at all the wounds and pains the Lord of majesty suffers there; for each one is a gift in itself—and a very great gift. Look at that most innocent body, all bloody, sown with so many sores and bruises, the blood bursting out in so many places. Look at that holy head, fallen from weakness and sunk down upon his shoulders; and that divine face which the angels long to look upon—how it is disfigured and streaked with threads of blood, in some places fresh and red, in others ugly and blackened. Look at that face, the most beautiful of all created things, and that countenance that was the common delight of every eye that looked on it—how it has already lost all the flower of its beauty.34 Look at that holy Nazarene, purer than snow, whiter than milk, ruddier than ancient ivory—how he is darker than coals, and so disfigured and made ugly that he can scarcely be recognized by his own. Look at that sacred mouth, yellow and deathly pale, and those livid, blackened lips—how they move to ask forgiveness and mercy for the very ones tormenting him. Finally, wherever you look at him, you'll find that not a single part of him is free from pain; instead, his whole body, from head to foot, is covered in wounds.✦ That bright forehead and those eyes, more beautiful than the sun, are already darkened and lifeless from the blood and the presence of death.35 Those ears, which hear the songs of heaven, hear the blasphemies of sinners. Those arms, so finely formed and long enough to embrace all the power of the world, are wrenched out of joint and stretched out on the wood.36 Those hands, which created the heavens and never did anyone harm, are nailed and torn by hard nails. Those sacred feet, which never walked the path of sinners, are mortally wounded and pierced through.✦ And above all this, look at that bed where the heavenly Bridegroom lies and sleeps at midday: how narrow it is and how hard, and how he has nothing there on which to rest his head.✦37 O head of gold, how worn out I see you for love of me!✦ O holy body, conceived by the Holy Spirit, how wounded and mistreated I see you for love of me!✦ O sweet and loving breast! What is the meaning of that wound?✦ And that opening, so wide?✦38 What is the meaning of so much blood?✦ Alas for me, how fiercely I see you pierced by the lance for love of me!✦ O harsh cross! Do not stay so rigid now: soften your hardness a little, bend those high branches down for me, lower that precious fruit for me, so that I may taste it. Oh, cruel nails! Leave those innocent feet and hands; come to my heart and wound it, for I am the one who sinned, not He. Oh, good Jesus! What do so many pains have to do with You?39 What does death have to do with You? And with the nails? And with the cross? Truly, the Prophet had every reason to say: His work will be very alien and strange to who He is.40 What could be more foreign or strange to life than death; to glory than suffering; and to the highest holiness and innocence than the image of a sinner?✦ Truly, Lord, that title and that figure are strange to you.41 O true Jacob, who in borrowed clothes and a stranger's dress won us the Father's blessing—for by taking on yourself the image of a sinner, you won us the victory over sin!✦42 O unspeakable goodness! O mercy we never deserved!43 O love never imagined! O incomprehensible charity!44 Tell me, Lord: What did you see in us? What service did we do for you? What works of ours could have obligated you to suffer such torments? O marvelous generosity! Though on our side there was no merit, and on yours no need, you willed, by your grace and mercy alone, to remedy us by this path! "The kindness and clemency of our Savior has appeared," says the Apostle, "not because of the works of righteousness that we did, but by his great mercy, through which he saved us." O how much this Lord longed for us to feel this mercy, when through Isaiah he spoke those words so worth noting! "You did not call upon me, Jacob, nor did you labor in my service, Israel." "You did not offer your rams in burnt offering, nor did you glorify me with your sacrifices; and yet for all that, you made me serve under your sins, and gave me plenty to deal with in your wickedness."45 "I am he—I am the one who forgives your sins for my own sake, and who will remember them no more."46 Call me to mind, and if you like, let’s enter into judgment; see if you have anything by which you can be justified.✦ So then, O most merciful and gentle Lord! What is there in me with which I could repay you so great a gift? If I had all the lives of Adam's children, and all the days and years of the world, and all the labors of every person who is, was, and will be, all of that would be nothing to repay you for the least of the sufferings you endured for me.47 And since there’s no way I can pay off this debt, let me at least repay you, my God, by never, ever forgetting it. I ask you, Lord, by the depths of your immense love, to wound my heart with your wounds and fill my soul with your blood, so that wherever I turn I may always see you crucified, and wherever I look, everything may seem to shine with your blood.✦4849 Let this be my only consolation: always to be crucified with you; and let this be my only affliction: to think of anything apart from you. Look, my God, at the price by which you bought me, and do not allow so precious a treasure to have been poured out in vain for me; nor let me be like the stillborn child, whom his mother brings forth in pain, and who never enjoys the fruit of life.✦✦50
The Call of Vocation
Reflecting on the grace of being called to faith and the ongoing mercy of God in restoring the soul after sin.
IV. On the fourth benefit: vocation After this, consider the benefit of God's vocation and calling; without it, all other benefits usually become grounds for a person's greater condemnation. You should know that there are two divine callings: one to the faith, through the Sacrament of Baptism, and another to grace, after that first baptismal innocence has been lost. So consider how great the gift of that first calling was through holy Baptism, where you were cleansed of original sin, freed from the devil's power, and made a child of God and heir of his Kingdom.✦ There he took your soul as his bride and adorned her with the dress fitting for that estate—with grace, with the virtues and gifts of the Holy Spirit, and with other jewels and gifts far richer than those given to Rebecca when she was taken as Isaac's wife.✦51 So what did you do to deserve such a great gift? How many thousands—not just individuals, but entire nations and peoples—do not receive this good, by God's just judgment? What would have become of you if you had been born among them, lacked knowledge of the true God, and worshiped stones and sticks?✦ How much do you owe the Lord, who, among such a throng of the lost, willed that you should happen to be numbered among those who were won—among those who would be born in the arms of the Church and raised on the milk of the apostles and the blood of Christ?✦✦52 And if, after the grace of this calling, you lost the innocence of baptism by your own fault, and even so the Lord was pleased to call you a second time—or many times—how much will you owe him for this gift? How many gifts are wrapped up in this one gift? One gift was waiting so long for you, giving you time to repent, and bearing with you in that state of guilt, without cutting down the fruitless tree that was taking up the ground and receiving heaven's influences in vain.✦53 Another gift was bearing with so many and such enormous sins of yours without casting you into hell for them—where, it may be, many others are suffering for lesser crimes than yours. Another gift was sending you so many good inspirations and resolutions, even in the midst of your very crimes, and persevering so long in calling someone who did nothing but offend the one who was calling him. Another gift was finally bringing so long a struggle to an end and calling you with so powerful a voice that by it you rose from death to life, and came out like another Lazarus from the dark tomb of your wickedness—not bound hand and foot, but loosed and free from the enemy's prisons.54 But above all this, what a gift it was to give you there not only forgiveness of past faults, but also grace not to return to them, with all the other adornments given to the prodigal son at his welcome—by which you might walk as a child of God, mock the devil, triumph over the world, take delight in the things of God that once were dull and distasteful, and feel disgust at the things of the world that once tasted so sweet to you.✦ So what will it mean if, on top of this, you consider how many others were refused this gift that was granted to you so freely by grace? And when you were a sinner like them, and as unworthy of this call as they were, and while they stayed in their evil state God set you in a state of salvation and of grace—with what gratitude, with what service, can you repay him this kindness? What will you feel when, by the power of this call, you one day find yourself enjoying God forever in heaven, and see other companions and acquaintances of yours—for lack of a like grace—suffering forever in hell? Oh, how much there is to think about in this grace! Tell me: when that blessed thief, who with one word bought everlasting life, sees himself in such great glory as he now holds, and sees his companion in such great torment as hell's is, and remembers that he too was a thief like the other, and was paying for his thefts like him, and a little earlier was blaspheming Christ like him, and that for all this those divine eyes bent to look on him and give him such great light, leaving the other in his darkness—what thanks do you think he will give for this grace?✦ How will he rejoice at so great a gift? How will he marvel at so great a judgment? With what love will he love the one who chose to go before him with so admirable a gift?✦55 So if this gift seems great to you, remember that it is no different from the one done for you by Christ when this same Lord fixed his merciful eyes on you, while he left off calling your neighbor or friend in this same way—who, as it happens, may have offended him less than you.✦ So consider what you owe the Lord, and the reason you're given here to want to die for love of him. Above all, consider how much this gift cost the Savior—a gift given to you so freely. It was given to you by pure grace, and it cost him his blood and his life; for we know that without it, our sins could not have been forgiven, nor our wounds healed.✦56 They say that the pelican brings forth its young dead, and that as soon as it sees them, it wounds its breast with its beak until the blood flows; when the chicks are sprinkled with that blood, they receive warmth and life. So if you want to feel how great this gift is, picture this: when you were dead in your sins, that merciful Pelican, moved by deep compassion, pierced his sacred breast with a lance and sprinkled the mortal wounds of your soul with his own, and so by his death he gave you life, and by his wounds he healed yours.✦✦✦57 So don't be ungrateful for such a great and costly gift; instead, remember—as the Lord himself urges you—this day on which you came out of Egypt.✦ This was your Passover, this the day of your resurrection; for on it you passed through the Red Sea of Christ's blood into the promised land, and on it you rose from death to life.✦
Hidden Benefits and Final Thanks
A concluding reflection on the secret, particular benefits God bestows, and a final call to maintain a heart of gratitude.
V. On particular benefits These are the general benefits. There are other particular ones given to each person, which no one can know except the one who has received them. Under this heading come many kinds of goods—whether of fortune, of nature, or of grace—that the Lord will have given each person in particular; and likewise many evils and dangers, of body as well as of soul, from which by his mercy he will have delivered him.58 For these benefits, thanksgiving is also owed, as for the ones already named, because they are more certain pledges of the particular love and providence the Lord has for us. Benefits like these can't be written in books, but each person should write them in his heart, so he can join them with the others and give thanks to the Lord for them.59 There are others still more hidden, which even the one who has received them does not know—such as certain hidden dangers and snares that the Lord often prevents and cuts off by his providence, because he understands the harm they could do us if he did not stop them. Who knows how many temptations God has spared a person?60 And from how many occasions of sin has he delivered him? And how many times has he cut short the enemy's path and disarmed his snares so that we wouldn't fall into them? Of holy Job the devil himself said that God had him fenced in on every side so that nothing could harm him; and in the same way this Lord often keeps his own as safe as a glass vessel in its case, so that nothing harms them.61 A person may receive secret gifts from God without even knowing it, just as there can be—and often are—many hidden sins that the person committing them doesn't even recognize. So, just as we should pray daily with the Prophet regarding those sins, saying, "From my hidden sins deliver me, Lord," we should also thank Him daily for those blessings—so that no sin is left without repentance, and no blessing without gratitude. End of the other seven meditations for the days of the week at night.
Read the original Latin
Este día pensarás en los beneficios divinos: para dar gracias al Señor por ellos y para encenderte más en el amor de quien tanto bien te hizo, y sentir más las ofensas hechas contra tan piadoso bienhechor. Y, aunque estos beneficios sean innumerables, todos ellos se pueden reducir a cinco maneras de beneficios, conviene saber: al beneficio de la creación, conservación, y redención, y vocación y a los beneficios ocultos que cada uno tendrá en sí recibidos.
Los beneficios positivos bien los puede a veces conocer el hombre, mas los privativos que no consisten en hacernos bienes, sino en librarnos de males, ¿quién los conocerá?
Pues por estos, como por los otros, es razón que demos siempre gracias al Señor; y que entendamos cuán alcanzados andamos de cuenta, y cuánto más es lo que debemos de lo que podremos pagar; pues aún no lo podemos entender.
De la consideración de los beneficios divinos
Una de las mayores quejas que nuestro Señor tiene de los hombres, y de que les ha de hacer mayor cargo el día de la cuenta, es el desagradecimiento de sus beneficios. Por esta queja comenzó el profeta Isaías las primeras palabras de su profecía, llamando por testigos al cielo y la tierra contra la ingratitud y desconocimiento de los malos: Oye —dice él— cielo, y recibe mis palabras en tus oídos, tierra, porque el Señor Dios ha hablado: «Hijos crié y ensalcé, y ellos me han menospreciado. El buey conoció a su poseedor, y el asno, al pesebre de su señor. Mas Israel no me ha conocido, ni mi pueblo ha querido entender». Pues ¿qué cosa más extraña que no reconocer los hombres lo que reconocen las bestias? Y —como dice san Jerónimo sobre este paso— no los quiso comparar con otros animales más entendidos, como es el perro, que por un poco de pan defiende la casa de su señor, sino con los bueyes y con los asnos, que son animales más torpes y rudos: para dar a entender que los ingratos no son como quiera bestias, sino muy más brutos que las más brutas de las bestias.
Pues ¿de qué pena será merecedora tan grande bestialidad? Muchas penas tiene Dios aparejadas para los ingratos; mas la más justa y más ordinaria es despojarlos de todos los beneficios recibidos, pues no acuden al dador con el debido agradecimiento dellos. Porque, como dice san Bernardo, «el desagradecimiento es un viento abrasador que seca el arroyo de la divina misericordia y la fuente de su clemencia y la corriente de su gracia».
Pues, así como el desagradecimiento es causa de tan grandes males, así, por el contrario, el agradecimiento es principio de grandísimos bienes, y especialmente de tres. El primero, de amor de Dios; porque, como dice Aristóteles, «el bien es en sí amable; pero cada uno es más inclinado a amar a su propio bien». Pues, como los hombres naturalmente sean tan amadores de sí mismos y de su propio provecho, cuando claramente ven que todo lo que tienen es dádiva graciosa de aquel sumo bienhechor, luego se inclinan a amar y querer bien a quien ven que les ha hecho tanto bien. De donde viene a ser que, entre las consideraciones que más aprovechan para alcanzar el amor de Dios, una de las más principales es la de los beneficios divinos, porque cada uno destos beneficios es como un tizón que aviva y enciende más la llama deste amor. Y, por consiguiente, considerar muchos destos beneficios es juntar en uno muchos tizones, para que así se encienda más y más la llama deste fuego.
Aprovecha también esta consideración para despertar en el hombre el deseo de servir a Dios, cuando considera la grande obligación que tiene a quien tanto debe. Porque, si aun hasta las aves y las bestias brutas por esta causa responden a la voz de quien los llama, y obedecen como personas de razón a todo lo que se les manda, ¿cuánto más justo será que haga esto quien tanto más recibió y tanto mejor lo puede conocer?
Vale también esto mismo para despertar en nuestras ánimas dolor y arrepentimiento de los pecados. Porque, cuando el hombre considera profundamente, por una parte, la muchedumbre de los beneficios que ha recibido de Dios, y por otra, la muchedumbre de los maleficios que tiene hechos contra él, ¿cómo podrá dejar de avergonzarse y confundirse, y conocer mejor lo prieto par de lo blanco, conviene saber: la grandeza de su maldad comparada con la grandeza de aquella suma bondad, la cual tanto tiempo perseveró en hacer bien a quien siempre perseveró en hacer mal?
Pues para estos tres fines debe considerar el hombre los beneficios divinos; y juntamente, para dar al Señor gracias por ellos. Y así, cuando los fuere meditando, ha de ir con cuidado de hacer estas salidas en sus lugares, aplicando su corazón, unas veces, al amor de quien tanto bien le hizo; otras, al deseo de su servicio; otras, al dolor y arrepentimiento de sus pecados; y otras, también, a ofrecer sacrificio de alabanza y agradecimiento por ellos; que son aquellos becerricos de los labios que el Profeta quiere que ofrezcamos a Dios por los beneficios recibidos.
Y, aunque estos sean innumerables, solamente trataremos aquí de cinco géneros de beneficios más principales, a los cuales se pueden reducir todos los otros, conviene saber: el beneficio de la creación, y gobernación, y redención, y vocación, y, finalmente, los beneficios particulares y ocultos que cada uno podrá reconocer dentro de sí.
Y no se requiere que de una vez se hayan de pensar todos estos beneficios: basta pensar uno, o dos, o tres, bien pensados y bien rumiados; porque los ejercicios de la meditación no se han de tomar destajo, como tarea que se ha de llegar al cabo, sino como el mantenimiento de cada día, que cuanto más templadamente se toma y mejor se digiere, tanto suele ser más saludable.
I. Del beneficio de la creación
Comenzando, pues, por el beneficio de la creación, para que puedas mejor sentir algo de la grandeza deste beneficio debes, primero, pensar muy profundamente lo que eras antes que fueses creado. Este es uno de los principales avisos que suelen dar en esta parte los maestros de la vida espiritual, así para conocer la grandeza deste beneficio, como para la aniquilación, que llaman; que es para ver el hombre clara y palpablemente cómo de su parte no es más que pura nada. Considera, pues, cómo hoy, ha tantos años (y no mil años, ni cien años, sino de ayer acá, conviene saber: de muy poco tiempo a esta parte), eras, a lo menos cuanto al ánima, nada, y fuiste ab eterno nada, y pudieras ser para siempre nada; que es ser menos que tierra, menos que aire y menos aún que una paja; finalmente, nada.
Mira luego cómo esa nada no pudo hacer a sí misma algo, ni tampoco merecer que otro la hiciese algo; pues lo que no es, ni puede obrar ni merecer. Pues, estando tú en esas tinieblas y en ese abismo tan profundo de la nada, plugo a aquella infinita bondad y misericordia, ante todo merecimiento, por pura gracia, usar contigo de su virtud y omnipotencia y sacarte con su poderosa mano de aquellas tinieblas y de aquel abismo tan profundo del no ser al ser, y hacer que fueses algo. Y, como dice san Agustín, no cualquier algo: no piedra, no ave, no serpiente, sino hombre; que es una de las más nobles criaturas del mundo. Él te dio ese ser que tienes, él compuso y organizó ese cuerpo tuyo y lo guarneció por todas partes, así de miembros como de sentidos, con tan maravillosa providencia y artificio, que cada uno dellos, si bien se considera, es por sí una grande maravilla y muy grande beneficio. Este es aquel beneficio que humilmente reconocía el santo Job, cuando decía: Tus manos, Señor, me hicieron y formaron todo entero en rededor. Acuérdate, Señor, que así como de una masa de barro me hiciste, y que en esta misma me volverás. De piel y de carne me vestiste, compusísteme de huesos y nervios, dísteme vida y misericordia, y guardaste mi espíritu con tu visitación.
Pues ¿qué diré de la nobleza de tu ánima, y de la alteza del fin para que fue criada, y de la imagen y capacidad que tiene? La imagen es la del mismo Dios, porque en hecho de verdad no hay cosa en la tierra que más se parezca a Dios; ni por donde más claro podamos venir en conocimiento dél. Por donde los filósofos antiguos, y señaladamente Anaxágoras, no supieron otro nombre conveniente que poner a Dios, sino Mente, que es lo mismo que ánima racional; por la grande semejanza que hallaba entre Dios y ella. Y de aquí nace el no poder ser entendida perfectamente la substancia de nuestra ánima, porque, como ella sea tan semejante a aquella divina substancia, la cual no puede ser en esta vida conocida, así tampoco ella lo puede ser.
Pues el fin para que esta noble criatura fue criada es conforme a esta dignidad, porque cónstanos que fue criada para ser participante de aquella bienaventurada gloria y felicidad de Dios, para morar en su casa, para comer en su mesa, para gozar de lo que goza y vestir la misma ropa de inmortalidad que él viste y reinar para siempre con él. Y de aquí le viene al ánima esta maravillosa capacidad que tiene, la cual es tan grande, que todas las criaturas y riquezas del mundo juntas no son más parte para hinchir el seno de su capacidad, que un grano de mijo el espacio de todo el mundo.
Pues ¿con qué pagaremos al Señor esta dádiva tan grande? Si tanto debemos a los padres carnales por haber sido alguna parte en la fábrica deste cuerpo, ¿cuánto más deberemos a aquel Padre eterno, que por medio dellos formó el cuerpo, y sin ellos crió el ánima, que es sin comparación más excelente que el cuerpo, y sin la cual el cuerpo no sería más que un muladar hediondo? ¿Qué son los padres, sino un instrumento con que hizo Dios una pequeña parte desta obra? Pues, si tanto debes al instrumento de la obra, ¿cuánto más deberás al principal agente que la hizo? Y si tanto debes al que entendió en hacer una parte, ¿cuánto más deberás al que lo hizo todo? Si en tanto precio estimas la espada con que se ganó una ciudad, ¿en cuánto más debes estimar al mismo rey que la ganó?
II. Del beneficio de la conservación
Y no contento con haberte criado en tanta dignidad y gloria, él mismo es el que después de criado te conserva en ella; como él mismo lo dice por Isaías: Yo soy tu Señor Dios, que te enseño lo que te conviene saber y te gobierno por el camino que andas. Muchas madres, contentas con solo el trabajo de haber parido a los hijos, no se quieren encargar de la crianza dellos, sino buscan para esto un ama que las descargue. Mas acá no es así, sino que el mismo Señor se quiso encargar de todo, de tal manera que él es la madre que nos engendró y el ama que nos cría con la leche y regalo de su providencia, según que él mismo lo testifica por un profeta, diciendo: Yo era como ama de Efraín, y los traía en mis brazos; y ellos no entendieron el cuidado que yo tenía dellos. De manera que un mismo es el hacedor y el conservador de todo lo hecho; y, así como sin él nada se hizo, así también sin él todo se desharía. Lo uno y lo otro confiesa claramente el profeta David por estas palabras: Todas las cosas, Señor, esperan de ti que les des su ración y mantenimiento a sus tiempos; y dándoselo tú, lo reciben, y extendiendo tú la mano de tu largueza, son llenas y abastadas de todo lo que han menester. Mas, apartando tú el rostro dellas, luego se turbarán y desfallecerán y se volverán a aquel mismo polvo de que fueron hechas. De manera que así como todo el movimiento y concierto de un reloj depende de las pesas que lo traen y llevan en pos de sí, de tal modo que, si ellas parasen, luego todo aquel artificio y movimiento pararía, así todo el artificio desta gran máquina depende de solo el peso de la divina providencia, de tal manera que, si ella faltase de por medio, todo lo demás luego faltaría.
Mas ¿qué tantos beneficios, si piensas, encierra en sí este beneficio? Todos cuantos puntos y movimientos tienes de vida son partes deste beneficio, pues en ninguno dellos podrías vivir ni permanecer, si apartase Dios un punto sus ojos de ti. Todas cuantas criaturas hay en el mundo son parte deste beneficio, pues todas ellas vemos que sirven para este fin. De manera que tuyo es el cielo y la tierra, y el sol y la luna y las estrellas, y la mar y los peces y las aves, y lo árboles y los animales, y, finalmente, todas las cosas, pues todas ellas están dedicadas a tu servicio. Este es aquel beneficio de que tanto se maravillaba el profeta, cuando decía: ¿Qué cosa es, Señor, el hombre, porque así te acuerdas dél, o el hijo de el hombre, porque así lo visitas? Hicístele un poco menor que los ángeles, coronástele de gloria y de honra, y dístele señorío sobre todas las obras de tus manos. Todas las cosas pusiste debajo de sus pies: las ovejas, las vacas y todos los animales de el campo, las aves de el cielo y los peces de la mar que caminan por las sendas de la mar. ¡Oh Señor, Dios nuestro, cuán maravilloso es tu nombre en toda la tierra!
Y no contento con haber diputado para este fin todas las criaturas visibles, también quiso por su gran misericordia diputar las invisibles, que son aquellas nobilísimas inteligencias que asisten delante dél y ven su divina cara; pues, como dice san Pablo, todos son oficiales en esta gran casa y familia de Dios, a quien está encomendada la tutela y guarda de los hombres. Finalmente, a todo el mundo ocupó en tu servicio, para que tú te ocupases en el suyo; y no quiso que debajo del cielo ni sobre el cielo hubiese criatura exenta de tu aprovechamiento, porque dentro de ti no hubiese cosa que lo estuviese de su servicio.
Y, aunque todo esto pases de corrida, no debes pasar así las mercedes que Dios te ha hecho en haberte librado de infinitos acaecimientos y miserias, que cada día vemos acaecer a los hombres. A uno ves tullido, a otro ciego, a otro manco, a otro perniquebrado, a otro con los dolores de la piedra o de la gota, o con otros males semejantes. Porque, en hecho de verdad, no es otra cosa este mundo, sino un piélago de infinitos trabajos, y apenas hallarás cosa en toda esta tierra de Egipto donde no haya su gemido y su dolor. Pues dime ahora: ¿Quién te dio a ti esta bula de exención? ¿Quién te hizo tan privilegiado, que entre tantas maneras de lisiados estés tú sano, entre tanta muchedumbre de caídos estés en pie? ¿No eres tú hombre como todos, y pecador como todos, e hijo de Adán como todos? Pues, si todos estos males vienen, o por parte de la naturaleza o por parte de la culpa, habiendo en ti las mismas causas, ¿cómo no hay los mismos efectos? Pues ¿quién suspendió los efectos de estas causas?
, ¿quién detuvo las corrientes de las aguas para que tú no perecieses en este común diluvio, sino sola la divina gracia? Pues, echada bien esta cuenta, hallarás que todos los males del mundo son beneficios tuyos, y que por cada uno dellos debes especial agradecimiento y amor. De manera que, por el beneficio pasado, hallamos que todos los bienes del mundo son beneficios tuyos, pues todos sirven para tu conservación; mas ahora, por este, conocemos que también los males son beneficios tuyos, pues de todos ellos te ha librado este Señor.
III. Del beneficio de la redención
Vengamos al beneficio inestimable de nuestra redención; aunque mejor fuera adorar este misterio con un santo silencio, que hablar dél tan bajamente con lengua mortal. Perdiste, por tu culpa, aquella primera inocencia y gracia en que fuiste creado, y pudiera justamente aquella divina equidad dejarte en aquel estado miserable (como dejó al demonio), sin haber quien se lo demandara; y no lo quiso hacer, sino antes, por el contrario, trocando las iras en misericordias, acordó de hacer mayores mercedes, cuanto había recibido mayores ofensas. Y, pudiendo él remediar este daño con enviar un ángel o un arcángel, y de otras muchas maneras, no quiso sino venir él mismo en persona; y, pudiendo venir con majestad y gloria, quiso venir con humildad y pobreza, para enamorarte más de sí con este beneficio, y obligarte a más con este ejemplo, y redimirte más copiosamente con tan gran tesoro, y darte más claro a conocer lo mucho que te quería, para que así le quisieses, y lo mucho que en él tenías, para que en él esperases. Esto es lo que con mucha razón encarece el profeta Isaías por aquellas palabras que, según la translación de los Setenta, dicen así: En todas las tribulaciones de los hombres no se fatigó ni cansó de padecer por ellos; y no quiso enviarles embajador ni ángel para que los redimiese, sino él mismo en persona, por la grandeza de su piedad, quiso venir a redimirlos y traerlos sobre sus hombros todos los días del siglo; aunque ellos conocieron mal este beneficio, y entristecieron y provocaron a ira al Espíritu Santo.
Y, si tanto debes a este Señor porque él mismo en persona quiso venir a redimirte, ¿cuánto más le deberás por la manera en que te redimió, que fue con tan grandes trabajos? Gran beneficio es, por cierto, que el rey perdone al ladrón los azotes que merece; mas, que el mismo rey los quiera recibir en sus espaldas por él, este es sin comparación beneficio mayor. ¿Cuántos beneficios encierra en sí este beneficio? Alza los ojos a aquel santo madero y mira todas las heridas y dolores que padece allí el Señor de la majestad: porque cada una dellas es un beneficio por sí; y grandísimo beneficio. Mira aquel inocentísimo cuerpo todo sangriento, sembrado de tantas llagas y cardenales, y reventada la sangre por tantas partes. Mira aquella santa cabeza caída de flaqueza y derribada sobre los hombros; y aquella divina cara en que desean mirar los ángeles, cómo está desemejada y arroyada con los hilos de sangre, a unas partes reciente y colorada, a otras fea y denegrida. Mira aquel más hermoso rostro de todos los criados, y aquella cara que era común deleite de los ojos que la miraban, cómo ha perdido ya toda la flor de su belleza. Mira aquel santo Nazareo, más puro que la nieve, más blanco que la leche, más colorado que el marfil antiguo, cómo está más escurecido que los carbones; y tan desemejado y afeado, que apenas podrá de los suyos ser conocido.
Mira aquella sagrada boca, amarilla y mortecina, y aquellos labios cárdenos y denegridos, cómo se mueven a pedir perdón y misericordia para sus mismos atormentadores.
Finalmente, por doquiera que le mirares, hallarás que no hay en él una sola parte libre de dolor, sino que todo él, de pies a cabeza, está cubierto de heridas. Aquella frente clara y aquellos ojos más hermosos que el sol están ya escurecidos y difuntos con la sangre y presencia de la muerte. Aquellos oídos, que oyen los cantares del cielo, oyen blasfemias de pecadores. Aquellos brazos tan bien formados, y tan largos que abrazan todo el poder de mundo, están descoyuntados y tendidos en el madero. Aquellas manos, que criaron los cielos y no hicieron mal a nadie, están enclavadas y desgarradas con duros clavos. Aquellos sagrados pies, que nunca anduvieron por el camino de los pecadores, están mortalmente heridos y traspasados. Y, sobre todo esto, mira aquella cama donde yace y donde duerme aquel Esposo celestial al mediodía: cuán estrecha es y cuán dura, cómo no tiene allí sobre qué reclinar la cabeza. ¡Oh cabeza de oro, cómo te veo por mi amor tan fatigada!
¡Oh cuerpo santo, del Espíritu Santo concebido, cómo te veo por mi amor tan herido y maltratado! ¡Oh dulce y amoroso pecho! , ¿qué quiere decir esa llaga? , ¿esa tan grande abertura? ¿Qué quiere decir tanta sangre? ¡Ay de mí, cómo te veo por mi amor fuertemente alanceado! ¡Oh cruz rigurosa! , no estés ahora tan yerta: ablanda un poco tu dureza, inclíname esas ramas altas, abájame ese tan preciado fruto, para que yo lo pueda gustar.
¡Oh crueles clavos! , dejad esos pies y manos inocentes, venid a mi corazón y heridlo, que soy yo el que pequé, y no él. ¡Oh buen Jesús! , ¿qué a ti con tantos dolores? , ¿qué a ti con la muerte? , ¿y con los clavos? , ¿y con la cruz? Verdaderamente con mucha razón dijo el Profeta: Muy ajena y peregrina será su obra de quien él es.
¿Qué cosa más ajena ni más peregrina para la vida, que la muerte; y para la gloria, que la pena; y para la suma santidad e inocencia, que imagen de pecador? Ciertamente, Señor, ese título y esa figura, peregrina es para ti. ¡Oh verdadero Jacob, que con ropas ajenas y hábito peregrino nos ganaste la bendición del Padre, pues tomando en ti imagen de pecador, nos ganaste vitoria contra el pecado! ¡Oh inefable bondad! , ¡oh misericordia no debida! , ¡oh amor nunca pensado! , ¡oh incomprehensible caridad! Dime, Señor: ¿Qué viste en nosotros?
, ¿qué servicio te hicimos? , ¿con qué obras te obligamos a pasar tales tormentos? ¡Oh maravillosa largueza, que sin haber de nuestra parte ningún merecimiento, ni de la tuya ninguna necesidad, quisiste por sola tu gracia y misericordia remediarnos por esta vía! Aparecido ha —dice el Apóstol— la benignidad y clemencia de nuestro Salvador, no por las obras de justicia que nosotros hicimos, sino por su gran misericordia, por la cual nos hizo salvos. ¡Oh, cuánto deseaba este Señor que sintiésemos esta misericordia, cuando por Isaías dijo aquellas palabras tan de notar! : No me invocaste, Jacob, ni trabajaste en mi servicio, Israel. No ofreciste tus carneros en holocausto, ni con tus sacrificios me glorificaste; mas con todo esto me hiciste servir en tus pecados, y me diste bien en qué entender con tus maldades. Yo soy, yo soy el que perdono tus pecados por amor de mí, y el que nunca más dellos me acordaré.
Tráeme a la memoria, y entremos, si quieres, en juicio; y mira si tienes algo con que seas justificado.
Pues, ¡oh clementísimo y dulcísimo Señor! , ¿qué hay en mí con que te pueda yo pagar tan grande beneficio? Si yo tuviese todas las vidas de los hijos de Adán, y todos los días y años del siglo, y todos los trabajos de los hombres que son, fueron y serán, todo esto sería nada para pagarte el menor de los trabajos que padeciste por mí. Y, pues por ninguna vía puedo salir desta deuda, páguete yo siquiera, Dios mío, con nunca jamás olvidarme della. Pídote, Señor, por las entrañas de tu inmensa caridad que así hieras mi corazón con tus heridas, y así embriagues mi ánima con tu sangre, que, adoquiera que me volviere, siempre te vea crucificado, y, doquiera que pusiere los ojos, todo me parezca resplandecer con tu sangre. Esta sea toda mi consolación: estar siempre crucificado contigo; y ésta toda mi aflicción: pensar otra cosa fuera de ti. Mira, Dios mío, el precio por el que me compraste, y no permitas que un tan precioso tesoro haya sido derramado en balde por mí; ni que yo sea como el hijo abortivo, al cual pare su madre con dolor, y él no goza del fruto de la vida.
IV. Del cuarto beneficio de la vocación
Después desto piensa el beneficio de la vocación y llamamiento de Dios; sin el cual, todos los otros beneficios suelen ser para mayor condenación del hombre. Aquí es de saber que son dos los llamamientos divinos: uno a la fe, mediante el sacramento del Bautismo, y otro a la gracia, después de perdida aquella inocencia primera bautismal.
Considera, pues, qué tan grande fue el beneficio del primer llamamiento mediante el santo Bautismo, donde fuiste alimpiado del pecado original, y librado del poder del demonio, y hecho hijo de Dios y heredero de su Reino. Allí tomó él tu ánima por esposa y la adornó con atavíos convenientes a tal estado, que es con la gracia y con las virtudes y dones del Espíritu Santo, y con otras muy más ricas joyas y dones, que los que se dieron a Rebeca cuando la tomaron por esposa de Isaac. Pues ¿qué hiciste tú por donde merecieses un tan grande beneficio como este? ¿Cuántos millares, no ya de hombres, sino de naciones y gentes, por justo juicio de Dios no alcanzan este bien? ¿Qué fuera de ti, si nacieras entre ellas, carecieras del conocimiento del verdadero Dios y adoraras piedras y palos? ¿Cuánto debes al Señor, que, entre tanta muchedumbre de perdidos, quiso que acertases tú a ser del número de los ganados y de aquellos que hubiesen de nacer en los brazos de la Iglesia y criarse con la leche de los apóstoles y con la sangre de Cristo?
Y, si después de la gracia deste llamamiento perdiste por tu culpa la inocencia del bautismo, y con todo esto el Señor tuvo por bien de llamarte segunda vez, o muchas veces, ¿qué tanto le deberás por este beneficio? ¿Cuántos beneficios se encierran en este beneficio? Un beneficio fue aguardarte tanto tiempo y darte espacio de penitencia y sufrirte en aquel estado de culpa, sin cortar el árbol infructuoso que ocupaba la tierra y recibía en vano las influencias del cielo. Otro beneficio fue sufrirte tantos y tan enormes pecados, sin echarte en el infierno por ellos; donde, por ventura, estarán otros muchos penando por menores delitos que los tuyos. Otro beneficio fue enviarte tantas buenas inspiraciones y propósitos, aun en medio de tus mismos delitos, y perseverar tanto tiempo en llamar a quien no hacía otra cosa sino ofender a su llamador. Otro beneficio fue dar, finalmente, conclusión a tan largas porfías y llamarte con tan poderosa voz, que con ella resucitases de muerte a vida, y salieses como otro Lázaro del sepulcro tenebroso de tus maldades, no ya atado de pies y manos, sino suelto y libre de las prisiones del enemigo. Mas, sobre todo esto, ¿qué beneficio fue darte allí, no sólo perdón de las culpas pasadas, sino también gracia para no volver a ellas, con todos los otros atavíos que al hijo pródigo se dieron en su recibimiento, con los cuales anduvieses como hijo de Dios, y burlases del demonio, y triunfases del mundo, y tomases gusto en las cosas de Dios, que antes eran desabridas, y disgusto en las del mundo, que antes te eran tan sabrosas?
Pues ¿qué será, si demás desto, consideras a cuántos otros se negó este beneficio que a ti se concedió tan de gracia? Y, siendo tú pecador como ellos, y tan indigno deste llamamiento como ellos, quedándose ellos en su mal estado, te pusiese Dios a ti en estado de salud y de gracia, ¿con qué agradecimiento, con qué servicio le podrás pagar esta merced? ¿Qué sentirás cuando, por virtud deste llamamiento, te veas algún día gozando para siempre de Dios en el cielo, y veas a otros compañeros y conocidos tuyos —por falta de semejante gracia— estar penando para siempre en el infierno? ¡Oh, cuánto hay que pensar en esta gracia! Dime: Cuando aquel dichoso ladrón, que con una palabra compró la vida perdurable, se vea en tan grande gloria como ahora posee, y vea su compañero en tan grande tormento como es el del infierno, y se acuerde que él también era ladrón como él, y pagaba por sus hurtos como él, y poco antes blasfemaba de Cristo como él, y que, con todo esto, se inclinaron aquellos ojos divinos a mirar a él y darle tan grande luz, dejando al otro en sus tinieblas, ¿qué gracias te parece que dará por esta gracia? , ¿cómo se alegrará con tan grande beneficio? , ¿cómo se maravillará de tan grande juicio? , ¿con qué amor amará a aquel que lo quiso prevenir con un don tan admirable?
Pues, si te parece grande este beneficio, acuérdate que no es otro el que a ti se hizo por Cristo, cuando este mismo Señor puso sus ojos piadosos en ti, dejando de llamar con esta manera de llamamiento a tu vecino o amigo, que por ventura, lo había ofendido menos que tú. Mira, pues, lo que debes al Señor, y la razón que aquí se te ofrece para desear morir por su amor.
Sobre todo esto, considera cuánto le costó al Salvador este beneficio que a ti se dio tan de balde. A ti se dio de pura gracia, y a él le costó la sangre y la vida; pues nos consta que sin ella no pudieran ser perdonados nuestros pecados ni curadas nuestras llagas. Dicen del pelícano que saca los hijos muertos, y que, así como los ve, hiere su pecho con el pico hasta que lo hace manar sangre, con la cual rociados los hijuelos reciben calor y vida. Pues, si tú quieres sentir qué tan grande sea este beneficio, haz cuenta que, cuando tú estabas en tus pecados muerto, aquel piadoso Pelícano, movido con entrañas de compasión, hirió su sagrado pecho con una lanza y roció las llagas mortales de tu ánima con las suyas, y así con su muerte te dio vida, y con sus heridas sanó las tuyas. No seas, pues, ingrato a tan grande y tan costoso beneficio, sino acuérdate —como te lo amonesta el Señor— deste día en el cual saliste de Egipto. Este fue tu pascua, este el día de tu resurrección, pues en él pasaste por el mar bermejo de la sangre de Cristo a la tierra de promisión, y en él resucitaste de muerte a vida.
V. De los beneficios particulares
Estos son los beneficios generales. Hay otros particulares que se hacen a cada uno, los cuales no puede conocer, sino el mismo que los ha recibido. En esta cuenta se ponen muchas maneras de bienes —o de fortuna, o de naturaleza, o de gracia— que el Señor habrá dado a cada uno en particular; y, asimismo, muchos males y peligros, así de cuerpo como de ánima, de que por su misericordia le habrá librado. Por los cuales beneficios se debe también su agradecimiento, como por los pasados, porque son más ciertas prendas del particular amor y providencia que el Señor tiene de nosotros. Estos tales beneficios no se pueden escribir en libros, mas débelos cada uno escribir en su corazón, para juntarlos con estotros y dar gracias al Señor por ellos.
Hay otros aún más ocultos, que el mismo que los ha recibido no conoce, como son algunos peligros y lazos ocultos que el Señor suele prevenir y atajar con su providencia, porque entiende el daño que nos podrían hacer, si él no los atajase. ¿Quién sabe cuántas tentaciones habrá excusado Dios al hombre? , ¿y de cuántas ocasiones de pecar le habrá librado? , ¿y cuántas veces habrá cortado los pasos y desarmado los lazos del enemigo para que no cayésemos en ellos? Del santo Job dijo el mismo demonio que le tenía Dios cercado por todas partes para que ninguna cosa le pudiese dañar; y así suele este Señor traer a los suyos guardados como un vaso de vidrio en su vasera, para que nada le empezca.
Podrá también el hombre haber recibido de Dios algunos dones secretos, sin que él mismo sepa dellos; así como también puede y suele haber muchos pecados ocultos que el mismo que los hace no conoce. Pues, así como por este género de pecados debemos cada día hacer oración con el Profeta y decir: De mis pecados ocultos, líbrame, Señor, así también por aquel linaje de beneficios debemos cada día darle gracias; para que, de esta manera, ni quede pecado sin penitencia, ni beneficio sin agradecimiento.
Fin de las otras siete meditaciones para los días de la semana en la noche.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Isa.1.3;Job.12.7-Job.12.10 — An ox knows its owner, and a donkey its master's manger; but Israel does not know, my people do not understand. Job.12.7 — But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the sky, and they will tell you. Job.12.8 — Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you. Job.12.9 — Who does not know in all these things that the hand of the LORD has done this? Job.12.10 — in whose hand is the life of every living thing, and the breath of all human flesh
- ↩Ps.23.6 — Surely goodness and mercy shall pursue me all the days of my life, and I shall dwell in the house of the LORD for length of days.
- ↩Ps.23.5 — You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; you anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows.
- ↩1Cor.15.53-1Cor.15.54;2Cor.5.2-2Cor.5.4 — For this perishable body must put on imperishability, and this mortal body must put on immortality. 1Cor.15.54 — But when this perishable puts on imperishability, and this mortal puts on immortality, then the saying that is written will be fulfilled: 'Death has been swallowed up in victory.' 2Cor.5.2 — Indeed, in this body we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven. 2Cor.5.3 — since, when we are clothed, we will not be found naked. 2Cor.5.4 — For indeed, while we are in this tent, we groan under the weight of it — because we do not wish to be unclothed, but to be further clothed, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life.
- ↩2Tim.2.12;Rev.22.5 — If we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us. Rev.22.5 — And there will be no more night, and they will have no need of the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, because the Lord God will shine on them, and they will reign forever and ever.
- ↩Ps.116.12 — What shall I return to the LORD, for all his benefits toward me?
- ↩Isa.63.9 — In all their distress, it was no distress to him, and the angel of his presence saved them; in his love and in his compassion he redeemed them, and he lifted them up and carried them all the days of old.
- ↩Isa.63.10 — But they rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit; so he turned to become their enemy, and he himself fought against them.
- ↩Isa.1.6 — From the sole of the foot even to the head, there is no soundness in it—only wounds, welts, and raw sores; they have not been pressed out, nor bandaged, nor softened with oil.
- ↩Ps.1.1 — Blessed is the one who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, and does not stand in the way of sinners, and does not sit in the seat of scoffers.
- ↩Matt.8.20;Luke.9.58 — And Jesus said to him, "Foxes have dens, and the birds of the sky have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head." Luke.9.58 — And Jesus said to him, "Foxes have holes, and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head."
- ↩Song.5.11 — His head is finest gold; his locks are wavy, black as a raven.
- ↩Luke.1.35 — And the angel answered her, "The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore also the one to be born will be called Son of God."
- ↩John.19.34 — But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
- ↩John.19.34 — But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
- ↩John.19.34 — But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
- ↩John.19.34 — But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
- ↩Rom.8.3;2Cor.5.21 — For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh. 2Cor.5.21 — God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
- ↩Rom.8.3;2Cor.5.21 — For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh. 2Cor.5.21 — God made him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
- ↩Isa.43.26 — Remind me — let us argue the case together; state your case, you, so that you may be proved right.
- ↩Gal.3.1 — O foolish Galatians! Who has bewitched you? Before your very eyes Jesus Christ was publicly portrayed as crucified.
- ↩1Cor.6.20;1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19 — For you were bought with a price; therefore glorify God in your body. 1Pet.1.18 — knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things—silver or gold—from your futile way of life handed down from your fathers, 1Pet.1.19 — but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot
- ↩Job.3.16;Eccl.6.3 — Or, like a stillborn child hidden away, I would never have been—like infants who never saw the light. Eccl.6.3 — If a man fathers a hundred children and lives many years, so that the days of his years are many, yet his soul is not satisfied with the good, and even a burial he does not receive — I say the stillborn is better off than he.
- ↩Rom.8.17;Gal.3.26-Gal.3.29;Titus.3.5-Titus.3.7 — And if children, then heirs—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him. Gal.3.26 — For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. Gal.3.27 — For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. Gal.3.28 — There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. Gal.3.29 — And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to the promise. Titus.3.5 — not by works of righteousness that we ourselves had done, but according to his mercy he saved us, through the washing of renewal and rebirth and the renewing of the Holy Spirit, Titus.3.6 — which he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior, Titus.3.7 — so that, having been justified by that one's grace, we might become heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
- ↩Eph.5.25-Eph.5.32 — Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ also loved the church and gave himself up for her. Eph.5.26 — in order that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, Eph.5.27 — so that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, so that she might be holy and blameless. Eph.5.28 — In the same way, husbands ought to love their own wives as their own bodies; he who loves his own wife loves himself. Eph.5.29 — For no one ever hated his own flesh, but nourishes and cherishes it, just as Christ also does the church. Eph.5.30 — because we are members of his body. Eph.5.31 — For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. Eph.5.32 — This mystery is profound—and I am speaking with reference to Christ and the church.
- ↩Deut.4.28;Ps.115.4-Ps.115.8;Isa.44.9-Isa.44.20;Jer.2.27 — There you will serve gods made by human hands—wood and stone—that neither see nor hear nor eat nor smell. Ps.115.4 — Their idols are silver and gold, the work of human hands. Ps.115.5 — They have mouths, but do not speak; they have eyes, but do not see. Ps.115.6 — They have ears, but they do not hear; they have noses, but they do not smell. Ps.115.7 — Their hands, yet they do not handle; their feet, yet they do not walk; they do not speak with their throat. Ps.115.8 — Those who make them shall become like them—everyone who trusts in them. Isa.44.9 — All who fashion an idol are nothing, and their cherished things are of no benefit. Their witnesses—they neither see nor know, so that they may be put to shame. Isa.44.10 — Who has fashioned a god or cast an image, to no profit at all? Isa.44.11 — Behold, all his companions shall be put to shame, and the craftsmen are but men. Let them all assemble and stand together; let them be afraid and ashamed together. Isa.44.12 — The ironworker shapes it with a chisel, works it over the coals, and hammers it into form with the strength of his arm. Yet when he is hungry, his strength fails; if he drinks no water, he grows faint. Isa.44.13 — A woodworker stretches out a line; he marks it with a stylus. He shapes it with planes and marks it with a compass, and fashions it in the likeness of a man, in the beauty of humanity, to dwell in a house. Isa.44.14 — He cuts down cedars for himself, and takes a cypress or an oak; he selects for himself among the trees of the forest. He plants a fir, and the rain makes it grow. Isa.44.15 — Then it becomes fuel for a man. He takes some of it and warms himself; he also kindles a fire and bakes bread. Then he makes a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down before it. Isa.44.16 — Half of it he burns in the fire; over the other half he eats meat, roasting it and eating his fill. He also warms himself and says, 'Ah, I am warm, I have seen the firelight.' Isa.44.17 — The rest of it he makes into a god, his carved image. He bows down to it, worships it, prays to it, and says, "Save me, for you are my God." Isa.44.18 — They do not know, and they do not understand, for their eyes are smeared so they cannot see, and their minds cannot comprehend. Isa.44.19 — And he does not consider in his heart, nor has he knowledge or understanding to say, 'Half of it I have burned in the fire; I have also baked bread on its coals, I have roasted meat and eaten it. And shall I make the remainder an abomination? Shall I bow down to a block of wood?' Isa.44.20 — He feeds on ashes; a deluded heart has led him astray, and he cannot deliver his soul, nor say, 'Is there not a lie in my right hand?' Jer.2.27 — Saying to the wood, 'You are my father,' and to the stone, 'You gave birth to me.' They have turned their backs to me, and not their faces. But in the time of their trouble they say, 'Arise and save us!'
- ↩1Cor.3.2;1Pet.2.2;Heb.5.12-Heb.5.13 — I gave you milk to drink, not solid food, for you were not yet able. But indeed, even now you are not able, 1Pet.2.2 — Like newborn babies, long for the pure, unadulterated milk of the word, so that by it you may grow up into salvation. Heb.5.12 — For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you still need someone to teach you the basic principles of the oracles of God. You need milk, not solid food. Heb.5.13 — For everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is an infant.
- ↩John.6.53-John.6.56;1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19;Heb.9.14 — So Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves." John.6.54 — The one who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. John.6.55 — For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. John.6.56 — The one who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him. 1Pet.1.18 — knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things—silver or gold—from your futile way of life handed down from your fathers, 1Pet.1.19 — but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot Heb.9.14 — how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God
- ↩Luke.13.6-Luke.13.9 — He also told this parable: "A man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came looking for fruit on it and found none. Luke.13.7 — 'And he said to the vineyard worker, "Look, for three years I have come seeking fruit on this fig tree and have found none. Cut it down. Why should it also waste the ground?"' This smooths tense sequence and avoids over-punctuating the command. Luke.13.8 — And he answered and said to him, 'Lord, let it alone this year also, until I dig around it and put on manure; Luke.13.9 — If it bears fruit next year, fine; if not, you can cut it down.
- ↩Luke.15.22-Luke.15.24 — But the father said to his servants, 'Quickly, bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet.' Luke.15.23 — And bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let us eat and celebrate. Luke.15.24 — because this son of mine was dead and has come back to life; he was lost and has been found. And they began to celebrate.
- ↩Luke.23.39-Luke.23.43 — One of the criminals who were hanged there kept heaping insults on him, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!" Luke.23.40 — But the other one answered, rebuking him: 'Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?' Luke.23.41 — And we indeed justly, for we are receiving what we have earned; but this man has done nothing wrong. Luke.23.42 — And he was saying, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." Luke.23.43 — And he said to him, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
- ↩Luke.23.39-Luke.23.43 — One of the criminals who were hanged there kept heaping insults on him, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!" Luke.23.40 — But the other one answered, rebuking him: 'Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?' Luke.23.41 — And we indeed justly, for we are receiving what we have earned; but this man has done nothing wrong. Luke.23.42 — And he was saying, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." Luke.23.43 — And he said to him, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
- ↩Luke.23.39-Luke.23.43 — One of the criminals who were hanged there kept heaping insults on him, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!" Luke.23.40 — But the other one answered, rebuking him: 'Do you not even fear God, since you are under the same judgment?' Luke.23.41 — And we indeed justly, for we are receiving what we have earned; but this man has done nothing wrong. Luke.23.42 — And he was saying, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." Luke.23.43 — And he said to him, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
- ↩Heb.9.22;Isa.53.5;1Pet.2.24 — And under the law almost everything is cleansed with blood, and without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness. Isa.53.5 — But he was pierced for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. 1Pet.2.24 — He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that, having died to sins, we might live for righteousness — by whose wounds you were healed.
- ↩Eph.2.1;Col.2.13 — And you, though dead in your trespasses and sins, Col.2.13 — And you, who were dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, he made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses.
- ↩John.19.34 — But one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
- ↩Isa.53.5;1Pet.2.24 — But he was pierced for our transgressions, crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. 1Pet.2.24 — He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, so that, having died to sins, we might live for righteousness — by whose wounds you were healed.
- ↩Exod.13.3;Deut.16.3 — And Moses said to the people, "Remember this day on which you came out of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, for by a strong hand the LORD has brought you out of this place; and no leavened bread shall be eaten. Deut.16.3 — You shall not eat leavened bread with it. For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread with it—bread of affliction—for you came out of the land of Egypt in haste, so that you may remember the day of your departure from the land of Egypt all the days of your life.
- ↩Rom.6.4-Rom.6.5;Eph.2.5-Eph.2.6;Col.2.12-Col.2.13 — Therefore we were buried with him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we might walk in newness of life. Rom.6.5 — For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we shall also be united with him in the likeness of his resurrection. Eph.2.5 — even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved— Eph.2.6 — and raised us up with him, and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus Col.2.12 — having been buried with him in baptism, in which you were also raised with him through faith in the working of God, who raised him from the dead. Col.2.13 — And you, who were dead in your trespasses and in the uncircumcision of your flesh, he made alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish conservación is rendered as preservation (God's ongoing keeping of creatures in being), not mere physical conservation.
- 2 ↩Spanish positivos / privativos: scholastic pair for benefits given as goods versus benefits that consist in being spared evils. "Privative" is kept as the technical term.
- 3 ↩Golden Age idiom: to be short/in arrears on an account—i.e., heavily indebted and unable to settle. Rendered as 'how deep in debt we stand' rather than a banker's 'in arrears,' to keep the moral-theological force.
- 4 ↩«dádiva graciosa» rendered as “free gift,” keeping the sense of unearned grace rather than mere pleasant kindness.
- 5 ↩«por esta causa» refers to the debt/obligation of benefits just named: even animals answer and obey those who feed or keep them; the a fortiori is that human beings, who have received far more from God and can know it, should serve Him.
- 6 ↩Spanish "maleficios" here means moral wrongs or injuries done against God, not sorcery.
- 7 ↩"lo prieto par de lo blanco" is a proverbial contrast: the dark is known more clearly beside the white—evil recognized against supreme goodness.
- 8 ↩Spanish salidas names the affective outgoings or applications of the heart in meditation; rendered as "turns of the heart" to keep Granada's method without sounding technical.
- 9 ↩"becerricos de los labios" echoes Hosea 14:2 ("calves of our lips"); the diminutive and prophetic attribution are preserved as a candidate allusion.
- 10 ↩Spanish 'tomar a destajo' means to take work by the job/piece-rate — rushed bulk labor to get finished. Rendered as 'piecework' to keep the contrast with slow daily nourishment.
- 11 ↩aniquilación is kept as the technical term of Spanish spiritual writers (self-emptying / seeing oneself as nothing before God), not as metaphysical destruction.
- 12 ↩ab eterno is Latin retained in the Spanish source; rendered as 'from eternity'.
- 13 ↩Spanish virtud here means operative power/force (with omnipotencia), not moral virtue; rendered as power.
- 14 ↩beneficio kept as gift/blessing rather than mere favor; artificio as craftsmanship (not artifice in the modern pejorative sense).
- 15 ↩Direct prayer/scriptural address: uncontracted You and full solemn register retained.
- 16 ↩visitación kept as visitation (Job 10:12 traditional rendering for God's watchful care), not a modern 'visit'.
- 17 ↩Spanish 'hinchir el seno de su capacidad' keeps the image of swelling/filling a hollow: rendered 'fill the depth of its capacity' to preserve both the filling verb and the roominess of 'seno'.
- 18 ↩fábrica deste cuerpo: early-modern sense is the fashioning/making of the body, not a modern 'factory'.
- 19 ↩padres carnales: natural/earthly parents, set against Padre eterno.
- 20 ↩entendió en hacer: early-modern 'entender en' = to be occupied with / have a share in, not modern 'understood'.
- 21 ↩Spanish ama here is the wet nurse / nursing maid who raises a child, not a housekeeper in the later sense.
- 22 ↩regalo de su providencia is rendered as tender care of his providence; classical Spanish regalo often means delicate comfort/indulgent care, not merely gift.
- 23 ↩abastadas is rendered supplied; older Spanish abastar means to furnish/provide sufficiently.
- 24 ↩esta gran máquina is the world/universe as a crafted system; artificio is the crafted mechanism, not artifice in the sense of deceit.
- 25 ↩Source reads «lo árboles»; translated as «los árboles» (the trees), the only grammatically and contextually plausible reading.
- 26 ↩Spanish diputar/diputado means appoint or assign for a purpose; oficiales here is household/ministerial language for the angels (ministering spirits), not political officeholders.
- 27 ↩aprovechamiento is rendered as 'your good' (benefit/advantage); the parallel exenta de... / lo estuviese de... is kept as free from / free from to preserve the chiastic force.
- 28 ↩"la piedra" is the historical name for kidney/bladder stone; kept as "the stone" for period medical force without modern diagnosis.
- 29 ↩"bula de exención" is a papal bull granting exemption/privilege; kept as "bull of exemption" to preserve the legal-privilege image.
- 30 ↩Rendered as 'benefits given to you' (mercies counted as yours), not ownership of the evils themselves.
- 31 ↩'The earlier benefit' points back to goods counted as mercies; 'this one' is the present benefit of being spared from evils.
- 32 ↩"divina equidad" rendered as "divine equity" to keep the sense of God's just balance; "mercedes" as "favors" for freely granted gifts, distinct from "misericordias" (mercies).
- 33 ↩Explicit Septuagint citation of Isaiah (cf. Isa 63:9–10 LXX), paraphrased in the Spanish source; final Moses resolution deferred.
- 34 ↩Spanish 'criados' read as created beings/creatures (what is created), not domestic servants.
- 35 ↩difuntos is strong: not merely dimmed, but deadened/lifeless under death's presence; rendered 'lifeless' rather than the flatter 'dead'.
- 36 ↩Source reads 'todo el poder de mundo' (likely 'del mundo'); sense taken as 'all the power of the world'.
- 37 ↩cama is the cross figured as the Bridegroom's bed; kept as 'bed' to preserve the nuptial-meditation image rather than flattening to 'cross'.
- 38 ↩Elliptical question continuing s3's 'qué quiere decir'; abertura is the wide gash/opening of the side wound.
- 39 ↩Spanish ¿qué a ti con X? is an idiomatic challenge: what business does X have with you / what has X to do with you—not a request for information about pain.
- 40 ↩ajena y peregrina pairs foreign/alien with strange/unaccustomed; de quien él es marks the work as alien to Christ's own identity/nature. Rendered as alien and strange to who he is to preserve that force.
- 41 ↩'ese título y esa figura' points back to the 'image of a sinner' (s1): the shameful name and outward appearance of guilt laid on the sinless Christ.
- 42 ↩Source 'vitoria' treated as 'victoria' (victory).
- 43 ↩'misericordia no debida' = mercy not owed / unowed mercy; rendered as undeserved mercy owed to us by no right.
- 44 ↩Spanish pairs 'amor' (s6) with 'caridad' (s7). 'Charity' kept here for the theological-virtue term and to preserve the deliberate step beyond 'amor'.
- 45 ↩"me diste bien en qué entender con tus maldades" is early modern Spanish for burdening God with much to contend with because of wickedness; rendered as "gave me plenty to deal with in your wickedness," matching the Isaiah sense of wearying God with iniquities.
- 46 ↩"por amor de mí" rendered "for my own sake" (divine self-moved forgiveness), not human desert; aligns with Isaiah 43:25.
- 47 ↩Spanish trabajos appears twice: first as human labors/toils, then as Christ's Passion hardships; rendered as labors and sufferings to keep both senses clear.
- 48 ↩por las entrañas de tu inmensa caridad: entrañas is visceral (bowels/inmost heart); caridad is theological charity/love. Rendered depths...love for modern readability; love chosen per charity/love lexeme policy.
- 49 ↩embriagues literally intoxicate/make drunk; rendered fill to keep gravity without crude drunkenness, while keeping the force of being overwhelmed by Christ's blood. Alternative: intoxicate.
- 50 ↩hijo abortivo in classical Spanish spiritual prose = stillborn/untimely birth, not modern clinical abortion; rendered stillborn child.
- 51 ↩atavíos: ornaments/attire proper to bridal estate; rendered as 'dress' in the sense of adornment, not clothing alone.
- 52 ↩los ganados: taken as past participle of ganar ('those won/gained'), contrasting muchedumbre de perdidos; not 'livestock/flock,' though the pastoral image is nearby.
- 53 ↩"espacio de penitencia" rendered as "time to repent" (room/space for repentance); "penitencia" can also mean formal penance.
- 54 ↩"porfías" rendered as "struggle" (drawn-out stubborn contention between the soul and God's call); could also be "obstinate resistance" or "long wrangling."
- 55 ↩Spanish prevenir here carries the classical sense of prevenient favor—God going first to the soul with a gift—not merely 'prevent' as block or stop.
- 56 ↩Spanish 'sin ella' is singular feminine; the nearest feminine antecedents are 'sangre' and 'vida'. Rendered as 'without it' with the primary force on his blood (and the life given with it).
- 57 ↩'entrañas de compasión' is the biblical Spanish idiom of the 'bowels/inward parts' of compassion; rendered as 'deep compassion' to keep contemporary register without losing force.
- 58 ↩Spanish future perfect of conjecture (habrá dado / habrá librado) rendered as will have given / will have delivered, preserving the speaker's retrospective surmise about God's particular gifts and rescues.
- 59 ↩estotros (archaic estos otros) taken as the general benefits already named, not a separate class.
- 60 ↩excusado: older Spanish for sparing/averting (not 'excused' in the moral-excuse sense); rendered as 'spared'.
- 61 ↩empezca: older form of empecer, 'to harm'; vasera: the case/rack that holds a glass vessel.
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