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Treatise on the Love of God/Book 1 · Traité de l'amour de Dieu — Livre Premier (Contenant une préparation à tout le traité)
Chapter 6AmourDieu.1.6

Comme l'amour de Dieu domine sur les autres amours

The Sovereignty of Divine Love

Divine love acts as the absolute master of the human will, demanding total authority over all other affections.

The will governs all the other faculties of the human mind, but it is itself governed by its love, which makes it such as that love is. Among all loves, the love of God holds the scepter, and the authority to command is so inseparably joined to it and proper to its nature that if it isn't the master, it ceases to be and perishes.1 Ishmael was not made heir with Isaac, his younger brother; Esau was destined to serve his younger brother; Joseph was bowed down to not only by his brothers, but also by his father, and even by his mother, in the person of Benjamin, just as he had foreseen in the dreams of his youth.2 It is certainly not without mystery that the last among these brothers so take the advantages of their elders. Divine love is truly the youngest among all the affections of the human heart; for, as the Apostle says, what is animal comes first, and the spiritual afterward. But this younger one inherits all the authority, and self-love, like another Esau, is destined to its service. Not only do all the other movements of the soul, like its brothers, bow before it and submit to it, but so do the understanding and the will, which stand for it in the place of father and mother.34 Everything is subject to this heavenly love, which always wants to be king or nothing; it’s unable to live unless it reigns, and unable to reign unless it reigns as sovereign.

The Supernatural Heir

Like the miraculous children of the patriarchs, divine love is a supernatural gift that supersedes all other virtues and guides the soul to its final end.

Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph were supernatural children; for their mothers, Sarah, Rebecca, and Rachel, being barren by nature, conceived them by the grace of heavenly goodness; that is why they were established as masters over their brothers. So sacred love is a miraculous child, since the human will cannot conceive it unless the Holy Spirit pours it into our hearts; and, being supernatural, it must preside and reign over all the affections, even over the understanding and the will. Even though there are other supernatural movements in the soul—fear, piety, fortitude, and hope—just as Esau and Benjamin were supernatural children of Rachel and Rebecca, divine love is still the master, the heir, and the superior, as the son of the promise, since it is for love's sake that Heaven is promised to man.5 Salvation is shown to faith; it's prepared for hope; but it's given only to charity. Faith shows the way to the promised land like a pillar of cloud and fire—that is, both clear and obscure. Hope feeds us with its manna of sweetness. But charity brings us in, like the Ark of the Covenant that opens our passage through the Jordan—that is, through Judgment—and that will remain in the midst of the people in the heavenly land promised to the true Israelites, where the pillar of faith no longer serves as a guide, and no one still feeds on the manna of hope.67

The Gentle Rule of Charity

Charity dwells in the highest part of the soul, ordering all faculties and virtues with a strength that is both powerful and delightful.

Holy love dwells in the highest and most elevated part of the spirit, where it offers its sacrifices and burnt offerings to the Divinity, just as Abraham offered his, and as Our Lord sacrificed himself on the summit of Mount Calvary. From this high place, it is heard and obeyed by its people—that is, by all the faculties and affections of the soul, which it governs with unparalleled gentleness. Love has no forced laborers and no slaves; instead, it brings all things under its obedience with a force so delightful that, just as nothing is as strong as love, nothing is as lovable as its strength.8 Virtues exist in the soul to moderate its movements, and charity, as the first of all virtues, rules and tempers them all—not only because the first in any category serves as the rule and measure for the rest, but also because God, having created man in his image and likeness, wants everything in us, as in himself, to be ordered by love and for love.9

Read the original Latin

La volonté gouverne toutes les autres facultés de l'esprit humain,mays elle est gouvernee par son amour qui la rend telle qu'il est. Or,entre tous les amours, celuy de Dieu tient le sceptre, et atellement l'authorité de commander inseparablement unie et propre a sa nature,que s'il n'est le maistre, il cesse d'estre et perit.

Ismael ne fut point heritier avec Isaac, son frere plus jeune; Esaü fut destiné au service de son frere puisné; Joseph fut adoré, non seulement par ses freres, mays aussi par son pere, et voyre mesme par sa mere, en la personne de Benjamin,ainsy qu'il avoit preveu es songes de sa jeunesse. Ce n'est certes pas sans mystere que les derniers entre ces freres emportent ainsy les advantages de leurs aisnés. L'amour divin est voyrement le puisné entre toutes les affections du coeur humain; car, comme dit l'Apostre, ce qui est animal est premier, et le spirituel apres; mais ce puisné herite toute l'authorité, et l'amour propre, comme un autre Esaü, est destiné a son service; et non seulement tous les autres mouvemens de l'ame, comme ses freres, l'adorent et luy sont sousmis, mais aussi l'entendement et la volonté, qui luy tiennent lieu de pere et de mere. Tout est sujet a ce celeste amour, qui veut tous-jours estre roy ou rien, ne pouvant vivre qu'il ne regne, ni regner si ce n'est souverainement.

Isaac, Jacob et Joseph furent des enfants surnaturelz; car leurs meres, Sara, Rebecca et Rachel, estans steriles par natures, les conceurent par la grace de la bonté celeste; c'est pourquoy ilz furent establis maistres de leurs freres. Ainsy l'amour sacré est un enfant miraculeux, puisque la volonté humaine ne le peut concevoir si le Saint Esprit ne le respand dans nos coeurs; et,comme surnaturel, il doit presider et regner sur toutes les affections, voire mesme sur l'entendement et la volonté.

Et, bien qu'il y ait d'autres mouvemens surnaturelz en l'ame, la crainte, la pieté, la force, l'esperance, ainsy que Esaü et Benjamin furent enfans surnaturelz de Rachel et de Rebecca,si est-ce que le divin amour est le maistre, l'héritier et le supérieur, comme estant filz de la promesse, puisque c'est en sa faveur que le Ciel est promis a l'homme. Le salut est monstré a la foy, il est preparé al'esperance, mais il n'est donné qu'a la charité: la foy monstre le chemin de la terre promise, comme une colonne de nuee et de feu, c'est a dire claire-obscure; l'esperance nous nourrit de sa manne de suavité; mais la charité nous y introduit, comme l'Arche de l' alliance qui nous fait le passage au Jourdain, c'est a dire, au Jugement, et qui demeurera au milieu du peuple en la terre celeste, promise aux vrays Israëlites, en laquelle ni la colonne de la foy ne sert plus de guide, ni on ne se repaist plus de la manne d'esperance.

Le saint amour fait son sejour sur la plus haute et relevee region de l'esprit, ou il fait ses sacrifices et holocaustes a la Divinité, ainsy qu'Abraham fit le sien, et que Nostre Seigneur s'immola sur le coupeau du mont Calvaire; affin que, d'un lieu si relevé, il soit ouÿ et obei par son peuple, c'est a dire par toutes les facultés et affections de l'ame qu'il gouverne avec une douceur nompareille; car l'amour n'a point de forçatz ni d'esclaves, ains reduit toutes choses a son obeissance avec une force si delicieuse, que, comme rien n'est si fort que l'amour,aussi rien n'est si aymable que sa force.

Les vertus sont en l'ame pour moderer ses mouvemens, et la charité comme premiere de toutes les vertus, les regit et tempere toutes non seulement parce que " le premier en chaque espece des choses sert de regle et mesure a tout le reste," mais aussi parce que Dieu, ayant creé l'homme a son image et semblance, veut que, comme en luy, tout y soit ordonné par l'amour et pour l'amour.

Scripture echoes

  1. Rom.5.5And hope does not put us to shame, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.

Notes

  1. 1Source 'atellement' read as early-modern 'tellement' (so completely / to such a degree); if another reading is intended, the result clause should be rechecked.
  2. 2adoré here means bowing in homage (as in Joseph's dreams in Genesis), not cultic worship; rendered 'bowed down to' to keep the biblical image without sounding idolatrous.
  3. 3animal follows traditional French Pauline diction for the natural/psychic order versus the spiritual (1 Cor 15:46); kept as 'animal' rather than flattened to 'natural' to preserve the quoted form.
  4. 4amour propre rendered 'self-love' in the classical moral-theological sense (self-regarding love opposed to love of God), not modern self-esteem.
  5. 5French « force » here names the gift/virtue of fortitude (alongside fear of the Lord, piety, and hope), not bare physical strength.
  6. 6« charité » is rendered « charity » here because the sentence sets the theological triad faith–hope–charity; « love » would blur that technical contrast.
  7. 7« claire-obscure » names faith's mixed luminosity (partly clear, partly dark), not merely a visual style term.
  8. 8Early modern forçats: convicts condemned to forced labor (galley-slaves). Rendered as "forced laborers" to keep the forced-service contrast with free obedience, without archaic galley diction.
  9. 9Here charité names the theological virtue that crowns the rest; amour is rendered love in the closing phrase (by love and for love), matching Sales’s shift from charity as virtue to love as the ordering principle of the whole soul.

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