Chapitre VIII — Instruction sur le Décalogue, sur les Sacrements et sur la Prière
Christ as the Center of Formation
The child's life and judgment must be formed by the example of Jesus Christ and a sober awareness of the final judgment.
The main thing to keep continually before children's eyes is Jesus Christ, the author and perfecter of our faith, the center of all religion, and our only hope.✦ I won't try to explain here how you should teach them the mystery of the Incarnation; that would take me too far, and there are plenty of books where you can find everything that should be taught about it covered in detail. Once the principles are in place, you must reshape every judgment and action of the person you're teaching on the model of Jesus Christ himself, who took on a mortal body only to teach us how to live and die, showing us, in flesh like our own, everything we ought to believe and practice. That doesn't mean you have to compare the child's feelings and actions with the life of Jesus Christ at every moment; that becomes tiresome and tactless. Instead, you must train children to look on the life of Jesus Christ as our example, and his word as our law.1 From among his words and actions, choose what is best suited to the child. If he grows impatient under some discomfort, call to mind for him Jesus Christ on the cross; if he can't bring himself to some distasteful work, show him Jesus Christ working until the age of thirty in a workshop; if he wants praise and esteem, speak to him of the insults the Savior took his fill of; if he can't get along with the people around him, have him consider Jesus Christ conversing with sinners and with the most abominable hypocrites; if he shows any resentment, hurry to set before him Jesus Christ dying on the cross for the very ones who were putting him to death; if he lets himself be carried away by unseemly high spirits, paint for him the gentleness and modesty of Jesus Christ, whose whole life was so grave and so serious. Finally, have him often picture what Jesus Christ would think and say about our conversations, our amusements, and our most serious occupations, if he were still visible in our midst. How astonished we would be, you might add, if he suddenly appeared among us while we were in the deepest forgetfulness of his law! But isn't that what will happen to each of us at death, and to the whole world when the secret hour of the universal judgment has come?✦ Then you must paint the overturning of the entire universe: the sun darkened, the stars falling from their places, the elements ablaze and flowing like rivers of fire, and the foundations of the earth shaken to the core.✦✦2 With what eyes, you will add, should we then look at this sky that covers us, this earth that bears us, these buildings we live in, and everything else around us, since they are all reserved for the fire?✦ Then show the open tombs, the dead gathering up the remnants of their bodies, and Jesus Christ coming down on the clouds in high majesty. Show that open book in which even the most secret thoughts of hearts will be written; that sentence pronounced before the face of every nation and every age; that glory which will open to crown the just forever and make them reign with Jesus Christ on the same throne; and finally, that lake of fire and sulfur, that night and eternal horror, that gnashing of teeth, and that shared rage with the demons which will be the portion of sinful souls.✦✦✦✦✦✦✦✦
The Law, the Sacraments, and the Spirit
Instruction in the Decalogue and the Sacraments must move beyond outward observance to an interior life of love and renunciation of the world.
Don't fail to explain the Decalogue thoroughly; make it clear that it's a summary of God's law, and that in the Gospel one finds what the Decalogue holds only by remote implications. Explain what a counsel is, and keep the children you teach from flattering themselves—as most people do—by drawing a distinction between counsels and precepts that goes too far.3 Show that the counsels are given to make the precepts easier, to protect people against their own frailty, and to draw them back from the edge of the precipice where their own weight would pull them down; that, in the end, the counsels become absolute precepts for those who, on certain occasions, cannot keep the precepts without the counsels. For example, people who are too open to the love of the world and to the snares of company are obliged to follow the evangelical counsel of leaving everything in order to withdraw into solitude. Repeat often that the letter kills and the spirit gives life; that is, mere outward observance of worship is useless and harmful if it isn't inwardly animated by the spirit of love and religion. Make this language clear and concrete: show that God wants to be honored from the heart, and not from the lips; that ceremonies serve to express our religion and to stir it up, but that ceremonies are not religion itself; that religion is wholly within, since God seeks worshipers in spirit and in truth; that what matters is to love him inwardly, and to regard ourselves as if in all of nature there were only him and us; that he has no need of our words, our postures, or even our money; that what he wants is ourselves; that one must not only do what the law commands, but do it so as to draw from it the fruit the law had in view when it commanded it; that, accordingly, it is nothing to hear Mass if one does not hear it in order to unite oneself to Jesus Christ, sacrificed for us, and to be built up by everything that sets his immolation before us. Finish by saying that all those who cry out, "Lord, Lord!"4 will not enter the kingdom of heaven; that if one does not enter into the true dispositions of love of God, renunciation of temporal goods, contempt of self, and horror of the world, one turns Christianity into a deceptive phantom for oneself and for others.5 Move on to the sacraments; I assume you've already explained all their ceremonies as they were performed in the child's presence, as we discussed. That is what will help them best feel the spirit and purpose of the sacraments: that way you'll make them understand how great a thing it is to be a Christian, and how shameful and ruinous it is to be one as people are in the world.6 Frequently recall the exorcisms and the promises of Baptism to show that the world's examples and maxims, far from having any authority over us, should make us distrust everything that comes from such a hateful and poisoned source. Don't even be afraid to portray, as Saint Paul does, the devil reigning in the world and stirring the hearts of men through all the violent passions that make them seek riches, glory, and pleasures.✦ This is the pomp, you will say, that belongs even more to the devil than to the world; this is the spectacle of vanity to which a Christian must open neither heart nor eyes.7 The first step one takes through Baptism into Christianity is a renunciation of all worldly pomp. To invite the world back, despite such solemn promises made to God, is to fall into a kind of apostasy—like a religious who, despite his vows, would leave his cloister and his habit of penance to return to the world.89 Add how thoroughly we must trample underfoot baseless contempt, godless mockery, and even the world's violence, since Confirmation makes us soldiers of Jesus Christ to fight this enemy. The bishop, you might say, struck you to harden you against the fiercest blows of persecution; he performed a sacred action over you to recall the ancients, who anointed themselves with oil to make their limbs more supple and vigorous when they went into battle; finally, he made the sign of the cross over you to show you that you must be crucified with Jesus Christ.✦10 We are no longer, you might continue, in the age of persecutions, when those who would not renounce the Gospel were put to death. But the world, which cannot stop being the world—that is, corrupt—still carries on an indirect persecution of piety. It lays traps to make it fall, it speaks ill of it, it mocks it; and it makes the practice of piety so hard in most walks of life that even in the midst of Christian nations, and where the sovereign authority supports Christianity, one is in danger of being ashamed of the name of Jesus Christ and of the imitation of his life.✦ Impress strongly on them the happiness we have of being incorporated into Jesus Christ through the Eucharist. In Baptism, he makes us his brothers; in the Eucharist, he makes us his members. Just as, through the Incarnation, he had given himself to human nature in general, so through the Eucharist—which is such a natural continuation of the Incarnation—he gives himself to each of the faithful in particular. Everything is real in the sequence of his mysteries; Jesus Christ gives his flesh as truly as he took it on. But to eat the life-giving flesh of Jesus Christ without living by his Spirit is to make oneself guilty of the body and blood of the Lord—it is to eat and drink judgment upon oneself. Whoever eats me, he himself says, must live for me.✦ But what a misfortune, you'll still say, to need the sacrament of Penance, which assumes that one has sinned since being made a child of God! Although this wholly heavenly power that is exercised on earth—and that God has placed in the hands of priests to bind and to loose sinners according to their needs—is such a great source of mercies, we must tremble with the fear of abusing God's gifts and his patience. As for the Body of Jesus Christ, which is the life, strength, and consolation of the just, we must long ardently to be able to feed on it every day; but as for the remedy for sick souls, we must hope to reach a health so perfect that we need it less and less each day.11 The need, no matter what we do, will only be too great; but it would be far worse if we made our whole life a continuous and scandalous circle from sin to penance, and from penance back to sin. So confession is only a matter of converting and correcting oneself; otherwise the words of absolution, however powerful they are by Jesus Christ's institution, would be, through our unreadiness, only words—but deadly words that would be our condemnation before God.12 A confession without an interior change, far from relieving a conscience of the burden of its sins, only adds the sin of a monstrous sacrilege to the others. Have the children you are raising read the prayers for the dying, which are wonderful; show them what the Church does, and what she says, when giving Extreme Unction to the dying. What a consolation it is for them to receive a renewal of that sacred anointing for this final struggle! But to make yourself worthy of the graces of death, you must be faithful to those of life. Marvel at the riches of Jesus Christ's grace: he didn't scorn to apply the remedy at the source of the evil by sanctifying the origin of our birth, which is marriage. How fitting it was to make a Sacrament of this union of man and woman, which represents that of God with his creature, and of Jesus Christ with his Church! How necessary this blessing was—to restrain men's brutal passions, to spread peace and consolation over every family, and to pass religion on as an inheritance from generation to generation! From this we must conclude that marriage is a very holy and pure state, though less perfect than virginity; that one must be called to it; that one must seek in it neither coarse pleasures nor worldly pomp; and that one should desire only to form saints within it. Praise the infinite wisdom of the Son of God, who established pastors to represent him among us, to instruct us in his name, to give us his Body, to reconcile us to him after our falls, to form new faithful every day, and even new pastors who lead us after them, so that the Church is preserved through every age without interruption.13 Show that we ought to rejoice that God has given such power to men. Add with what religious reverence one must respect the Lord's anointed: they are the men of God and the stewards of his mysteries.14 So we must lower our eyes and groan as soon as we notice in them the slightest stain that dulls the brilliance of their ministry; we ought to wish we could wash it away with our own blood. Their teaching is not their own; whoever listens to them listens to Jesus Christ himself: when they are gathered in the name of Jesus Christ to explain the Scriptures, the Holy Spirit speaks with them.✦✦✦ Their time is not their own: so we must not try to pull them down from so high a ministry—where they are to devote themselves to the word and to prayer in order to be mediators between God and men—and lower them to the affairs of this world.✦✦ It is even less acceptable to want to profit from their revenues, which are the inheritance of the poor and the price of the people's sins. But the most dreadful disorder is wanting to raise one's relatives and friends to this fearsome ministry without a vocation, and for motives of worldly interest.15
The Necessity and Simplicity of Prayer
Prayer is the humble expression of our need for grace, requiring an interior disposition rather than mere vocal repetition.
It remains to show the necessity of prayer, grounded in the need for grace that we have already explained. God, you will tell a child, wants us to ask him for his grace—not because he doesn't know our need, but because he wants to subject us to a petition that stirs us to recognize that need: so what he requires of us is the humbling of our heart, the sense of our misery and of our powerlessness, and finally trust in his goodness. This petition he wants us to make to him consists only in intention and desire; for he has no need of our words. Often people recite a great many words without praying, and often they pray inwardly without speaking a single word. Still, those words can be very useful, for they stir in us the thoughts and feelings they express if we pay attention to them; that is why Jesus Christ has given us a form of prayer. What a consolation to know from Jesus Christ Himself how His Father wants to be prayed to! What power there must be in petitions that God Himself puts into our mouths! How could he refuse us what he takes care to teach us to ask for? After that, show how simple and sublime this prayer is—it's short, and full of everything we can hope for from above.
First Confession and Communion
The timing and preparation for the first reception of Penance and the Eucharist should be guided by the child's spiritual maturity and innocence.
When children should make their first confession is something you can't decide here: it has to depend on the state of their minds, and even more on the state of their consciences. You need to teach them what confession is as soon as they seem capable of understanding it. Then wait for the first somewhat serious fault the child will commit; fill him with a great deal of shame and remorse over it.16 You'll see that, once they've been taught about confession, they'll naturally look for comfort by accusing themselves to the confessor. You should try to arrange it so that he stirs himself to a keen repentance, and that he finds in confession a real relief for his distress, so that this first confession makes an extraordinary impression on his mind, and becomes a source of graces for all the ones that follow.17 First Communion, on the contrary, seems to me to belong at the time when the child, having reached the use of reason, will appear more teachable and freer from any serious fault. It is amid these firstfruits of faith and love of God that Jesus Christ will make Himself better felt and tasted by the child through the graces of Communion.18 It should be long awaited; from earliest childhood, you should have the child hope for it as the greatest good one can have on earth while waiting for the joys of heaven. I think it should be made as solemn as possible: the child should sense that all eyes are fixed on him during those days, that people consider him happy, that they share his joy, and that they expect from him a conduct beyond his years for so great an act. But though the child must therefore be thoroughly prepared for Communion, I believe that once he is prepared, you cannot give him so precious a grace too soon—before his innocence is exposed to the dangerous occasions where it begins to wither.19
Read the original Latin
Ce qu’il y a de principal à mettre sans cesse devant les yeux des enfants, c’est Jésus-Christ, auteur et consommateur de notre foi, le centre de toute la religion, et notre unique espérance. Je n’entreprends pas de dire ici comment il faut leur enseigner le mystère de l’Incarnation ; car cet engagement me mènerait trop loin, et il y a assez de livres où l’on peut trouver à fond tout ce qu’on en doit enseigner. Quand les principes sont posés, il faut réformer tous les jugements et toutes les actions de la personne qu’on instruit, sur le modèle de Jésus-Christ même, qui n’a pris un corps mortel que pour nous apprendre à vivre et à mourir, en nous montrant, dans sa chair semblable à la nôtre, tout ce que nous devons croire et pratiquer. Ce n’est pas qu’il faille à tout moment comparer les sentiments et les actions de l’enfant avec la vie de Jésus-Christ ; cette comparaison devient droit fatigante et indiscrète : mais il faut accoutumer les enfants à regarder la vie de Jésus-Christ comme notre exemple, et sa parole comme notre loi. Choisissez parmi ses discours et parmi ses actions ce qui est le plus proportionné à l’enfant. S’il s’impatiente de souffrir quelque incommodité, rappelez-lui le souvenir de Jésus-Christ sur la croix : s’il ne peut se résoudre à quelque travail rebutant, montrez-lui Jésus-Christ travaillant jusqu’à trente ans dans une boutique ; s’il veut être loué et estimé, parlez-lui des opprobres dont le Sauveur s’est rassasié : s’il ne peut s’accorder avec les gens qui l’environnent, faites-lui considérer Jésus-Christ conversant avec les pécheurs et avec les hypocrites les plus abominables : s’il témoigne quelque ressentiment, hâtez-vous de lui représenter Jésus-Christ mourant sur la croix pour ceux mêmes qui le faisaient mourir : s’il se laisse emporter à une joie immodeste, peignez-lui la douceur et la modestie de Jésus-Christ, dont toute la vie a été si grave et si sérieuse. Enfin faites qu’il se représente souvent ce que Jésus-Christ penserait et ce qu’il dirait de nos conversations, de nos amusements, et de nos occupations les plus sérieuses, s’il était encore visible au milieu de nous. Quel serait, continuerez-vous, notre étonnement, s’il paraissait tout d’un coup au milieu de nous, lorsque nous sommes dans le plus profond oubli de sa loi !
Mais n’est-ce pas ce qui arrivera à chacun de nous à la mort, et au monde entier quand l’heure secrète du jugement universel sera venue ? Alors il faut peindre le renversement de la machine de l’univers, le soleil obscurci, les étoiles tombant de leurs places, les éléments embrasés s’écoulant comme des fleuves de feu, les fondements de la terre ébranlés jusqu’au centre. De quels yeux, ajouterez-vous, devons-nous donc regarder ce ciel qui nous couvre, cette terre qui nous porte, ces édifices que nous habitons, et tous ces autres objets qui nous environnent, puisqu’ils sont réservés au feu ? Montrez ensuite les tombeaux ouverts, les morts qui rassembleront les débris de leurs corps, Jésus-Christ qui descendra sur les nues avec une haute majesté ; ce livre ouvert où seront écrites jusqu’aux plus secrètes pensées des cœurs ; cette sentence prononcée à la face de toutes les nations et de tous les siècles ; cette gloire qui s’ouvrira pour couronner à jamais les justes, et pour les faire régner avec Jésus-Christ sur le même trône ; enfin, cet étang de feu et de soufre, cette nuit et cette horreur éternelle, ce grincement de dents, et cette rage commune avec les démons qui sera le partage des âmes pécheresses.
Ne manquez pas d’expliquer à fond le Décalogue ; faites voir que c’est un abrégé de la loi de Dieu, et qu’on trouve dans l’Evangile ce qui n’est contenu dans le Décalogue que par des conséquences éloignées. Dites ce que c’est que conseil, et empêchez les enfants que vous instruisez, de se flatter, comme le commun des hommes, par une distinction qu’on pousse trop loin entre les conseils et les préceptes. Montrez que les conseils sont donnés pour faciliter les préceptes, pour assurer les hommes contre leur propre fragilité, pour les éloigner du bord du précipice où ils seraient entraînés par leur propre poids ; qu’enfin les conseils deviennent des préceptes absolus pour ceux qui ne peuvent, en certaines occasions, observer les préceptes sans les conseils. Par exemple, les gens qui sont trop sensibles à l’amour du monde, et aux pièges des compagnies, sont obligés de suivre le conseil évangélique de quitter tout pour se retirer dans une solitude. Répétez souvent que la lettre tue, et que c’est l’esprit qui vivifie ; c’est-à-dire que la simple observation du culte extérieur est inutile et nuisible, si elle n’est intérieurement animée par l’esprit d’amour et de religion. Rendez ce langage clair et sensible : faites voir que Dieu veut être honoré du cœur, et non des lèvres ; que les cérémonies servent à exprimer notre religion et à l’exciter, mais que les cérémonies ne sont pas la religion même ; qu’elle est toute au-dedans, puisque Dieu cherche des adorateurs en esprit et en vérité ; qu’il s’agit de l’aimer intérieurement, et de nous regarder comme s’il n’y avait dans toute la nature que lui et nous ; qu’il n’a pas besoin de nos paroles, de nos postures, ni même de notre argent ; que ce qu’il veut, c’est nous-mêmes ; qu’on ne doit pas seulement exécuter ce que la loi ordonne, mais encore l’exécuter pour en tirer le fruit que la loi a eu en vue quand elle l’a ordonné ; qu’ainsi ce n’est rien d’entendre la messe, si on ne l’entend afin de s’unir à Jésus-Christ, sacrifié pour nous, et de s’édifier de tout ce qui nous représente son immolation. Finissez en disant que tous ceux qui crieront, Seigneur, Seigneur ! n’enteront pas au royaume du ciel ; que si on n’entre dans les vrais sentiments d’amour de Dieu, de renoncement aux biens temporels, de mépris de soi-même, et d’horreur pour le monde, on fait du christianisme un fantôme trompeur pour soi et pour les autres.
Passez aux sacrements : je suppose que vous en avez déjà expliqué toutes les cérémonies à mesure qu’elles se sont faites en présence de l’enfant, comme nous l’avons dit. C’est ce qui en fera mieux sentir l’esprit et la fin : par là vous ferez entendre combien il est grand d’être chrétien, combien il est honteux et funeste de l’être comme on l’est dans le monde. Rappelez souvent les exorcismes et les promesses du Baptême, pour montrer que les exemples et les maximes du monde, bien loin d’avoir quelque autorité sur nous, doivent nous rendre suspect tout ce qui nous vient d’une source si odieuse et si empoisonnée. Ne craignez pas même de représenter, comme saint Paul, le démon régnant dans le monde, et agitant le cœur des hommes par toutes les passions violentes, qui leur font chercher les richesses, la gloire et les plaisirs. C’est cette pompe, direz-vous, qui est encore plus celle du démon que du monde ; c’est ce spectacle de vanité auquel un Chrétien ne doit ouvrir ni son cœur ni ses yeux. Le premier pas qu’on fait par le Baptême dans le christianisme est un renoncement à toute la pompe mondaine : rappeler le monde, malgré des promesses si solennelles faites à Dieu, c’est tomber dans une espèce d’apostasie ; comme un religieux, qui, malgré ses vœux, quitterait son cloître et son habit de pénitence pour rentrer dans le siècle.
Ajoutez combien nous devons fouler aux pieds les mépris mal fondés, les railleries impies et les violences même du monde, puisque la Confirmation nous rend soldats de Jésus-Christ pour combattre cet ennemi. L’évêque, direz-vous, vous a frappé pour vous endurcir contre les coups les plus violents de la persécution ; il a fait sur vous une action sacrée, afin de représenter les anciens, qui s’oignaient d’huile pour rendre leurs membres plus souples et plus vigoureux quand ils allaient au combat ; enfin il a fait sur vous le signe de la croix, pour vous montrer que vous devez être crucifié avec Jésus-Christ. Nous ne sommes plus, continuerez-vous, dans le temps des persécutions, où l’on faisait mourir ceux qui ne voulaient pas renoncer à l’Evangile : mais le monde, qui ne peut cesser d’être monde, c’est-à-dire corrompu, fait toujours une persécution indirecte à la piété ; il lui tend des pièges pour la faire tomber, il la décrie, il s’en moque ; et il en rend la pratique si difficile dans la plupart des conditions, qu’au milieu même des nations chrétiennes, et où l’autorité souveraine appuie le christianisme, on est en danger de rougir du nom de Jésus-Christ et de l’imitation de sa vie.
Représentez fortement le bonheur que nous avons d’être incorporés à Jésus-Christ par l’Eucharistie. Dans le Baptême, il nous fait ses frères, dans l’Eucharistie, il nous fait ses membres. Comme il s’était donné, par l’Incarnation, à la nature humaine en général ; il se donne, par l’Eucharistie, qui est une suite si naturelle de l’Incarnation, à chaque fidèle en particulier. Tout est réel dans la suite de ses mystères ; Jésus-Christ donne sa chair aussi réellement qu’il l’a prise : mais c’est se rendre coupable du corps et du sang du Seigneur, c’est boire et manger son jugement, que de manger la chair vivifiante de Jésus-Christ sans vivre de son esprit. Celui, dit-il lui-même, qui me mange, doit vivre pour moi.
Mais quel malheur, direz-vous encore, d’avoir besoin du sacrement de la Pénitence, qui suppose qu’on a péché depuis qu’on a été fait enfant de Dieu ! Quoique cette puissance toute céleste qui s’exerce sur la terre, et que Dieu a mise dans les mains des prêtres, pour lier et pour délier les pécheurs selon leurs besoins, soit une si grande source de miséricordes, il faut trembler dans la crainte d’abuser des dons de Dieu et de sa patience. Pour le corps de Jésus-Christ, qui est la vie, la force et la consolation des justes, il faut désirer ardemment de pouvoir s’en nourrir tous les jours ; mais pour le remède des âmes malades, il faut souhaiter de parvenir à une santé si parfaite, qu’on en diminue tous les jours le besoin. Le besoin, quoi qu’on fasse, ne sera que trop grand ; mais ce serait bien pis, si on faisait de toute sa vie un cercle continuel et scandaleux du péché à la pénitence, et de la pénitence au péché. Il n’est donc question de se confesser, que pour se convertir et se corriger ; autrement les paroles de l’absolution, quelque puissantes qu’elles soient par l’institution de Jésus-Christ, ne seraient, par notre indisposition, que des paroles, mais des paroles funestes qui seraient notre condamnation devant Dieu. Une confession sans changement d’intérieur, bien loin de décharger une conscience du fardeau de ses péchés, ne fait qu’ajouter aux autres péchés celui d’un monstrueux sacrilège.
Faites lire aux enfants que vous élevez, les prières des agonisants, qui sont admirables ; montrez-leur ce que l’Eglise fait, et ce qu’elle dit, en donnant l’Extrême-onction aux mourants. Quelle consolation pour eux de recevoir encore un renouvellement de l’onction sacrée pour ce dernier combat ! Mais pour se rendre digne des grâces de la mort, il faut être fidèle à celles de la vie.
Admirez les richesses de la grâce de Jésus-Christ, qui n’a pas dédaigné d’appliquer le remède à la source du mal, en sanctifiant la source de notre naissance, qui est le mariage. Qu’il était convenable de faire un sacrement de cette union de l’homme et de la femme, qui représente celle de Dieu avec sa créature, et de Jésus-Christ avec son Eglise ! Que cette bénédiction était nécessaire pour modérer les passions brutales des hommes, pour répandre la paix et la consolation sur toutes les familles, pour transmettre la religion comme un héritage de génération en génération ! De là il faut conclure que le mariage est un état très saint et très pur, quoiqu’il soit moins parfait que la virginité ; qu’il faut y être appelé ; qu’on n’y doit chercher ni les plaisirs grossiers, ni la pompe mondaine ; qu’on doit seulement désirer d’y former des saints. Louez la sagesse infinie du Fils de Dieu, qui a établi des pasteurs pour le représenter parmi nous, pour nous instruire en son nom, pour nous donner son corps, pour nous réconcilier avec lui après nos chutes, pour former tous les jours de nouveaux fidèles, et même de nouveaux pasteurs qui nous conduisent après eux, afin que l’Eglise se conserve dans tous les siècles sans interruption. Montez qu’il faut se réjouir que Dieu ait donné une telle puissance aux hommes. Ajoutez avec quel sentiment de religion on doit respecter les oints du Seigneur : ils sont les hommes de Dieu, et les dispensateurs de ses mystères. Il faut donc baisser les yeux et gémir, dès qu’on aperçoit en eux la moindre tache qui ternit l’éclat de leur ministère ; il faudrait souhaiter de la pouvoir laver dans son propre sang.
Leur doctrine n’est pas la leur ; qui les écoute écoute Jésus-Christ même : quand ils sont assemblés au nom de Jésus-Christ, pour expliquer les Ecritures, le Saint-Esprit parle avec eux. Leur temps n’est point à eux : il ne faut donc pas vouloir les faire descendre d’un si haut ministère, où ils doivent se dévouer à la parole et à la prière, pour être les médiateurs entre Dieu et les hommes, et les rabaisser jusqu’à des affaires du siècle. Il est encore moins permis de vouloir profiter de leurs revenus, qui sont le patrimoine des pauvres et le prix des péchés du peuple ; mais le plus affreux désordre est de vouloir élever ses parents et ses amis à ce redoutable ministère, sans vocation, et par des vues d’intérêt temporel.
Il reste à montrer la nécessité de la prière, fondée sur le besoin de la grâce, que nous avons déjà expliqué. Dieu, dira-t-on à un enfant, veut qu’on lui demande sa grâce, non parce qu’il ignore notre besoin, mais parce qu’il veut nous assujettir à une demande qui nous excite à reconnaître ce besoin : ainsi c’est l’humiliation de notre cœur, le sentiment de notre misère et de notre impuissance, enfin la confiance en sa bonté, qu’il exige de nous. Cette demande, qu’il veut qu’on lui fasse, ne consiste que dans l’intention et dans le désir ; car il n’a pas besoin de nos paroles. Souvent on récite beaucoup de paroles sans prier, et souvent on prie intérieurement sans prononcer aucune parole. Ces paroles peuvent néanmoins être très utiles ; car elles excitent en nous les pensées et les sentiments qu’elles expriment, si on y est attentif : c’est pour cette raison que Jésus-Christ nous a donné une forme de prière. Quelle consolation de savoir par Jésus-Christ même comment son père veut être prié ! Quelle force doit-il y avoir dans des demandes que Dieu même nous met dans la bouche ! Comment ne nous accorderait-il pas ce qu’il a soin de nous apprendre à demander ?
Après cela, montrez combien cette prière est simple et sublime, courte, et pleine de tout ce que nous pouvons attendre d’en haut.
Le temps de la première confession des enfants est une chose qu’on ne peut décider ici : il doit dépendre de l’état de leur esprit, et encore plus de celui de leur conscience. Il faut leur enseigner ce que c’est que la confession, dès qu’ils paraissent capables de l’entendre. Ensuite attendez la première faute un peu considérable que l’enfant fera ; donnez-lui en beaucoup de confusion et de remords. Vous verrez qu’étant déjà instruit sur la confession, il cherchera naturellement à se consoler en s’accusant au confesseur. Il faut tâcher de faire en sorte qu’il s’excite à un vif repentir, et qu’il trouve dans la confession un sensible adoucissement à sa peine, afin que cette première confession fasse une impression extraordinaire dans son esprit, et qu’elle soit une source de grâces pour toutes les autres.
La première communion au contraire me semble devoir être faite dans le temps où l’enfant, parvenu à l’usage de raison, paraîtra plus docile et plus exempt de tout défaut considérable. C’est parmi ces prémices de foi et d’amour de Dieu, que Jésus-Christ se fera mieux sentir et goûter à lui par les grâces de la communion. Elle doit être longtemps attendue, c’est à dire qu’on doit l’avoir fait espérer à l’enfant, dès sa première enfance, comme le plus grand bien qu’on puisse avoir sur la terre en attendant les joies du ciel. Je crois qu’il faudrait la rendre la plus solennelle qu’on peut : qu’il paraisse à l’enfant qu’on a les yeux attachés sur lui pendant ces jours-là, qu’on l’estime heureux, qu’on prend part à sa joie, et qu’on attend de lui une conduite au-dessus de son âge pour une action si grande. Mais quoiqu’il faille donc préparer beaucoup l’enfant à la communion, je crois que, quand il y est préparé, on ne saurait le prévenir trop tôt d’une si précieuse grâce, avant que son innocence soit exposée aux occasions dangereuses où elle commence à se flétrir
Scripture echoes
- ↩Heb.12.2 — fixing our eyes on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, despising its shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.
- ↩Matt.24.36;Acts.17.31 — But concerning that day and hour, no one knows — not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son — except the Father alone. Acts.17.31 — because he has set a day on which he is going to judge the inhabited world in righteousness by a man whom he has appointed, and he has given proof of this to all by raising him from the dead.
- ↩Matt.24.29;Mark.13.24-Mark.13.25;Rev.6.12-Rev.6.13 — But immediately after the tribulation of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken. Mark.13.24 — But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, Mark.13.25 — and the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken Rev.6.12 — And I looked, and when he opened the sixth seal, a great earthquake occurred. The sun became black as sackcloth made of hair, and the whole moon became like blood. Rev.6.13 — and the stars of the sky fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs when shaken by a great wind.
- ↩2Pet.3.10-2Pet.3.12 — But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, in which the heavens will pass away with a rushing roar, and the elements, being burned up, will be dissolved, and the earth and the works in it will be found. 2Pet.3.11 — Since all these things are to be dissolved, what sort of people ought you to be, living in holy conduct and godliness? 2Pet.3.12 — waiting for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be dissolved by fire and the elements will melt with fervent heat
- ↩2Pet.3.7 — But the present heavens and earth, by the same word, are stored up, being kept for fire on the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly people.
- ↩John.5.28-John.5.29;1Thess.4.16;Matt.27.52 — Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming in which all who are in the tombs will hear his voice John.5.29 — and they will come forth—those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of judgment. 1Thess.4.16 — For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Matt.27.52 — and the tombs were opened, and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised
- ↩Matt.24.30;Mark.13.26;Rev.1.7 — And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. Mark.13.26 — And then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory. Rev.1.7 — Look, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn because of him. Yes, Amen.
- ↩Rev.20.12;Rom.2.16;1Cor.4.5 — And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by what was written in the books, according to their works. Rom.2.16 — on the day when God judges the secret things of humanity according to my gospel through Christ Jesus 1Cor.4.5 — Therefore do not pronounce judgment before the time, before the Lord comes, who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the purposes of the hearts; and then each one's praise will come from God.
- ↩Matt.25.31-Matt.25.32 — When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, then he will sit on his glorious throne. Matt.25.32 — And all the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate them from one another, just as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.
- ↩2Tim.2.12;Rev.3.21 — If we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us. Rev.3.21 — The one who conquers, I will grant to sit with me on my throne, just as I also conquered and sat down with my Father on his throne.
- ↩Rev.20.10 — And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet are also, and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
- ↩Matt.8.12 — But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown out into the outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.
- ↩Matt.25.41 — Then he will also say to those on his left, 'Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.'
- ↩Eph.2.2 — in which you once walked according to the age of this world, according to the ruler of the authority of the air, the spirit now working in the sons of disobedience;
- ↩Gal.2.19-Gal.2.20 — For through the law I died to the law, so that I might live to God. Gal.2.20 — I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.
- ↩Mark.8.38;Luke.9.26 — For whoever is ashamed of me and my words in this adulterous and sinful generation, the Son of Man will also be ashamed of that person when he comes in the glory of his Father with the holy angels. Luke.9.26 — For whoever is ashamed of me and my words, the Son of Man will be ashamed of him when he comes in his own glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels.
- ↩John.6.57 — Just as the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so also the one who feeds on me will live because of me.
- ↩John.7.16 — Jesus answered them and said, "My teaching is not my own, but comes from the One who sent me.
- ↩Luke.10.16 — The one who listens to you listens to me, and the one who rejects you rejects me; but the one who rejects me rejects the one who sent me.
- ↩Matt.18.20 — For where two or three are gathered in my name, there I am among them.
- ↩Acts.6.4 — But we will devote ourselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word.
- ↩1Tim.2.5 — For there is one God and one mediator between God and humankind, the man Christ Jesus,
Notes
- 1 ↩Source reads «devient droit fatigante»; most plausible intended reading is «trop» (too), not «droit». Translated as 'too tiresome'.
- 2 ↩French 'machine de l'univers' is the classical cosmological frame or system of the cosmos, not industrial machinery; rendered as 'whole frame of the universe'.
- 3 ↩In classical Catholic usage, conseils are the evangelical counsels (poverty, chastity, obedience, etc.), and préceptes are binding commandments; both terms are kept for doctrinal precision.
- 4 ↩Sentence continues into EducFilles.1.8.3.s8; the source splits the Gospel echo across two printed sentences.
- 5 ↩Source reads n'enteront; translated as the intended n'entreront ("will not enter").
- 6 ↩French fin here means the end or purpose of the sacraments, not their termination.
- 7 ↩Pompe retains baptismal force (the pomps of the devil/world renounced at Baptism), not mere ceremonial display.
- 8 ↩Rappeler le monde means to summon the world back into one's life / return to worldly ways, not merely to remember the world.
- 9 ↩Siècle here is the secular world (the age), paired with the religious leaving cloister and habit—kept as 'the world' for plain modern sense.
- 10 ↩"frappé" refers to the traditional light blow on the cheek at Confirmation; "action sacrée" points to the anointing with chrism, compared here with the oiling of ancient fighters.
- 11 ↩"le remède des âmes malades" is Penance (contrasted with daily Eucharist): one should desire daily Communion, but desire to grow so whole that need of sacramental penance steadily lessens.
- 12 ↩"indisposition" rendered as unreadiness (lack of proper disposition for the sacrament), not physical illness.
- 13 ↩"nous donner son corps" is rendered as "give us his Body" to keep Eucharistic specificity (not a generic gift of self).
- 14 ↩"sentiment de religion" rendered as "religious reverence" (devotional regard), not "feeling about religion" in a modern psychological sense.
- 15 ↩"le prix des péchés du peuple" keeps Fénelon's sacrificial/offering idiom: clerical revenues as what the people give on account of sin, not a commercial price-tag.
- 16 ↩Here confusion means shame or embarrassed self-consciousness before God and conscience, not mental confusion.
- 17 ↩Sensible here means felt/tangible relief, not merely 'sensible' in the modern English sense of practical.
- 18 ↩prémices preserves the biblical firstfruits sense rather than a flat 'beginnings'; sentir et goûter keeps the sensory-devotional pair without modern paraphrase into mere emotion.
- 19 ↩prévenir ... d'une si précieuse grâce here means to anticipate the child with / bestow ahead of time so precious a grace, not 'warn' him about it; rendered as 'give him ... too soon' for natural modern English while keeping the early-bestowal force.
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