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← The Sinner's Guide (Guía de Pecadores)/Book 1 · Guía de pecadores, Libro Primero
Chapter 29GuiaPec.1.29

Capítulo XXVI. Contra los que perseveran en sus pecados, con esperanza de la divina misericordia

The False Security of the Presumptuous

The author warns against the common error of using God's mercy as a license to continue in sin.

There are others who, while they keep living badly, make themselves secure with the hope of divine mercy and of Christ's passion; and it's only right that we should also undeceive them, as we do all the rest. You say that God's mercy is great, since he put himself on the cross for sinners.✦ I grant you that it is very great—since it allows you so great a blasphemy as making his goodness the cause of your wickedness; taking the cross he took as the means to destroy the reign of sin and using it instead as the means to strengthen that reign; and, where you ought to have offered him a thousand lives if you had them because he laid down his for you, taking from that the chance to refuse him the one life he gave you.1 This hurt the Savior more than the very death he was suffering, for without complaining of that death, he complained of this wrong through his prophet, saying: On my back the sinners built, and they stretched out their wickedness.✦ Tell me, I beg you: Who taught you to draw that conclusion — that because God is good, you take leave to be evil and get away with it?2 The Holy Spirit certainly doesn't teach you to argue that way; instead, he teaches this: "Because God is good, he deserves to be served, obeyed, and loved above all things."✦ Because God is good, it's only right that I should be good too, and hope in him that he'll forgive me, no matter how great a sinner I've been, if I turn back to him with all my heart.✦ Because God is good—and so very good—for that very reason it's a greater wickedness to offend such goodness." So, the more you magnify the goodness you were trusting in, the more you heighten the guilt you commit against it; and it isn't right that such great guilt should go unpunished. That charge belongs to divine justice, which isn't, as you think, opposed to divine goodness, but is its sister and defender—and divine goodness won't allow such an offense to go without due punishment.3 This kind of excuse isn't new; it's very old and very common in the world. For this was the quarrel the true prophets had with the false ones: the true threatened, on God's behalf, just punishments, while the others promised out of their own heads a false peace and mercy; and after God's scourge made plain the truth of the one side and the lie of the other, the true prophets would say: Where are your prophets who reassured you and said, "Nebuchadnezzar will not come against us"? . You say that God's mercy is great. You who say that—believe me—God has not opened your eyes so that you might see the greatness of his justice; because if he had, you would say with the Prophet: Who is there, Lord, who can grasp the power of your fury, and who can measure the greatness of your wrath? .

The Necessity of Holy Fear

The author invites the reader to contemplate divine justice to cultivate a holy fear that guards the soul.

So then, so you can get free of that dangerous delusion, I beg you that we reason carefully together now. Neither you nor I have seen divine justice in itself, so that we could know its measure that way.4 Nor can we know God in this world except through his works.✦ Let's enter the spiritual world of Sacred Scripture, then come out into this physical world we live in, and observe the works of divine justice in both, so that through them we may come to know it. This journey will do us a great deal of good, because, beyond the purpose we're after, we'll take away another very great fruit: kindling and fostering in our hearts the fear of God—which the saints say is the treasure, the guard, and the ballast of our souls.✦5 Just as a ship sailing without ballast or weight isn't safe—since any strong wind is enough to capsize it—neither is the soul that travels without the weight of this fear. Fear holds her steady, so that the winds of the6 Human and divine favors don't lift it up or capsize it.7 No matter how richly it sails, if it lacks this weight, it is in danger. And so not only beginners, but also long-serving servants in the Lord's house must live with fear; and not only the guilty, who have reason to fear, but also the just, who have not done so much to give them reason. Let the ones fear because they fell, and the others so that they won't fall.✦ Past evils should strike fear in some, and coming dangers in others. And if you want to know how this holy fear will be born in you, I'll tell you that, once grace has infused it, it is preserved and grows through this consideration of the works of divine justice that we now begin to take up. Think them over and ruminate on them often, and little by little you'll see this holy fear grow within you.

Divine Justice in Scripture

A survey of biblical examples of divine judgment, from the fall of the angels to the passion of Christ, demonstrating the severity of God's justice.

I. On the works of divine justice recounted in Sacred Scripture. The first act of divine justice mentioned in Holy Scripture was the condemnation of the angels. The beginning of God's ways was that terrible, bloodthirsty beast who is the prince of the demons, just as it is written in Job.8 For, since all the ways of God are mercy and justice, until that first fault justice had not yet been revealed.✦ It lay hidden in the bosom of God like a sword in its sheath—the same sword the prophet Ezekiel would have sent forth if his desire had been fulfilled.9 This first fault caused the sword to be drawn; and look at that first stroke—what a blow it was. Lift your eyes, and you'll see a great pity: you'll see one of the richest jewels of the house of God, one of the foremost beauties of heaven, an image in whom divine beauty shone so brightly, fall from heaven like lightning for a single proud thought. From a prince among the angels he became prince of the demons; from the most beautiful, the ugliest; from the most glorious, the most tormented; from the most full of grace, the greatest enemy of all that God has and will ever have.10 What a source of great amazement this must be for those heavenly spirits, who know so well from where and to where such an excellent creature fell! With what horror they will speak all those words of Isaiah: How you fell from heaven, Morning Star who rose at dawn! . Then come down even lower, to the earthly paradise, and you’ll see another fall just as terrifying—if it hadn’t been repaired. For if the angels fell, each one committed his own actual sin, and that’s why he fell.11 But what actual sin does the newborn child commit, that he should be born a child of wrath? . He doesn’t need to have sinned by any act of his own: it’s enough that he comes from a line of a man who sinned—and who, by sinning, corrupted the common root of all human nature within him—for this child to be born with his own sin.12 God’s glory and majesty are so great that for a creature to have offended him deserves such a terrifying punishment. For if that great favorite of King Ahasuerus, called Haman, wasn’t satisfied with taking revenge on Mordecai alone—whom he considered himself insulted by—but thought it fitting to his greatness that the whole Jewish people should pay with universal death for one man’s disrespect, is it any wonder that the infinite glory and greatness of God should demand this punishment? So look here, then: the first man banished from paradise for a single bite—a bite the whole wide world is still fasting from to this day.13 And after so many centuries, the child who is born still takes the spear-thrust of the father; and not only before he knows how to sin, but before he is even born he is born a child of wrath—and this, after so many centuries.14 Over such a long stretch of time, that injury is still not forgotten—it is shared among so many people and punished with so many scourges. On the contrary, every suffering endured until today, every death that has occurred, and every soul that burns and will burn forever in hell—all of these are sparks that originally descend from that first guilt, and they are proofs and testimonies of divine justice.15 And all this continues even after the redemption of the human race by the blood of Christ; because if this had not intervened, what difference would there have been between humanity and the devil, since both had so little remedy for being saved?16 So, does this strike you as a reasonable demonstration of divine justice? And as if this yoke weighing so heavily on Adam's children were not enough, from then on still more new punishments kept being added for still more new sins—which, as we said, sprang from that first sin. The whole wide world perished in the waters of the flood.17 Upon those18 God rained fire and brimstone from heaven upon five unchaste cities.19 As for Dathan and Abiram, the earth swallowed them alive because of their rivalry with Moses. Two sons of Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, because they failed to keep a ceremonial requirement in their sacrifice, were suddenly burned up by the fire of the sanctuary, and neither the dignity of the priesthood, nor their father's holiness, nor the favor Moses their uncle had with God, did them any good.20 In the New Testament, death snatched Ananias and Sapphira away in an instant for a lie that seemed slight. So what can I say about God's terrifying judgments? Solomon—the wisest of the sons of men, and so loved by God that God commanded him to be named the Beloved of the Lord—came, by those high judgments of His, to fall into the extreme of all evils, which was kneeling before the statues of idols.✦✦21 What could be more frightening? And if you knew the judgments that happen this way every day in the Church, they would perhaps terrify you no less than everything already said; for you would see many stars of heaven fallen to earth; you would see many who, seated at God's table, ate the bread of angels come to long to fill their bellies with the food of pigs; you would see many chastities, finer and more beautiful than ancient ivory, blackened and turned into burning coals—all of which was caused by the guilt and sins of those who fell, because God's ordering and judgments do not force the works of human beings, nor take away their free will.✦✦✦2223 But above all this, what greater proof of justice is there than that God wouldn't be content with any lesser satisfaction than the death of his only-begotten Son to forgive the world?✦24 How deeply those words of the Savior should cut—the ones he spoke to the women who went along weeping for him!25 “Daughters of Jerusalem, don't weep for me, but for yourselves and for your children, for days are coming when you'll say: Blessed are the barren, the wombs that never conceived, and the breasts that never nursed.”✦ “Then they will say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us!’”✦ “And to the hills, ‘Cover us!’”✦ “For if this is done to the green wood, what will be done to the dry?”✦ .26 It is as if he had said more clearly: "If this tree of life and innocence, in which there was never worm nor wood-rot of sin, burns like this in the flames of divine justice for the sins of others, how will the barren, dry tree burn—the one that not charity but wickedness has so heavily loaded with its own?"✦✦27 If you see such severe justice in a work that was itself an act of such great mercy, what will it be like in other works where this mercy doesn't shine so brightly? But if you're so dull that you don't grasp the force of this argument, stop and consider the eternity of the pains of hell, and see how terrifying that justice is which punishes a sin committed in a single moment with eternal torment. This terrifying justice is of a piece with the great mercy you praise.28 How terrifying a thing it is to see how that Most High God will look down from the throne of his glory on a soul that will have been suffering for millions of years in such terrible torments—and that even so he will never bend to compassion for her, but will rather take pleasure that she suffers, and that this punishment be without end, without limit, and without hope of remedy! O height of the divine justice! O thing of great wonder! O secret and abyss of the deepest depth!✦ What person is so out of their mind that, considering this, they don't tremble and marvel at such a great punishment?

Divine Justice in the World

The author observes the prevalence of sin in the world as a manifestation of divine judgment and a call to personal reflection.

II. On the works of divine justice seen in this world. But let's set aside Sacred Scripture for a moment and look at the visible world; there, we'll find other works of the greatest and most terrifying justice. I tell you truly, those who have even a little light and knowledge of God live in this world with such great fear and dread of these works that, even if they can account for all other divine works, they find no explanation for this one except in the humble and simple confession of faith alone.29 Who isn't struck with amazement to see almost the whole face of the earth covered in unbelief, to see what a vast seedbed the demons have here for peopling hell, to see how great a part of the world, even after the redemption of the human race, still remains as before in the darkness of its errors? Compared to the lands of unbelievers and the territories being discovered every day, what is the land of Christians but a narrow corner?30 The kingdom of darkness holds all the rest under its tyranny—where the Sun of justice does not shine, where the light of truth has not dawned, and where, as on the mountains of Gilboa, neither rain nor dew falls from heaven.✦✦31 every day, from the beginning of the world, the demons carry off so many souls as prey to the eternal fires; for it's clear that just as no one outside Noah's ark escaped at the time of the flood, and none of the inhabitants of Jericho found shelter outside Rahab's house, so no one is saved outside the house of God, which is his Church. Look at the small portion of Christendom remaining in our times, and you'll certainly find that in this entire mystical body, from the sole of the foot to the head, there's hardly anything entirely sound. Set aside a few major cities where there's still some trace of doctrine, and go through that other throng of towns and villages where there's no memory of it, and you'll find many people about whom you can confirm what God once said of Jerusalem: Go around all the streets and districts of Jerusalem, and look for a man who is truly just, and I will show him mercy.32 Go—not through every inn and plaza, for those places are devoted to lies and traps, but through every neighborhood house—and, as Jeremiah says, listen to what they say, and you'll find that hardly a good word is heard. Instead, here you'll hear grumbling, there indecency, here oaths, there blasphemies, quarrels, greed, and threats; and finally, everywhere heart and tongue deal with the earth and its profits, and very little with God and his things—except to swear and forswear his name. That is the kind of remembering him of which he himself complains through his prophet, saying: They remember me, but not as they should, swearing lies by my name. So that, at least by the outward signs you can see, you'll barely be able to tell whether those people are Christian or pagan—except, perhaps, by the bell towers that show from far off, or by the oaths and perjuries you hear up close; and by everything else, you'll scarcely know them.33 So how can these people be counted among those of whom Isaiah says: All who see them will know them at once, for these are the plants the Lord has blessed? .34 So if the Christian life is supposed to be such that everyone who sees him will take him for a child of God, how are we to rank these people, who look more like mockers and despisers of Christ than Christians? So, if the world's sins and evils are so numerous, how can you fail to see the clear signs and effects of heaven's justice? For it cannot be denied that just as one of God's greatest benefits is to keep a person from sin, so one of the greatest punishments and signs of wrath is to let him fall into them. And so we read in the Book of Kings that God's fury burned against Israel, and that was why he allowed David to fall into that sin of pride when he ordered the people counted. And so we also read in Ecclesiasticus that God will keep merciful men from every evil and will not allow them to be caught up in sins. For just as part of virtue's reward is the increase of that same virtue, so often the punishment for sin is God's allowing still other sins. And so we see that the greatest punishment given for the greatest of sins—the death of the Son of God—was the one the Prophet denounces against the doers of this wickedness, saying: Add, Lord, wickedness to their wickedness, and do not let them enter into your justice—which is the obedience and keeping of your commandments.35 And what follows from that? The same prophet goes on to declare it, saying: Let them be blotted out of the book of life and not be written with the righteous. If it's such a great punishment—and such a clear display of wrath—when God punishes sins with sins, how, amid the throng of sins boiling through the world, do you not see the signs of divine justice? Wherever you turn your eyes—like someone out at sea who sees nothing but sky and water—you'll barely see anything but sins. And when you see sins, don't you see justice? In the middle of the sea, don't you see water? And if this whole world is a sea of sins, what can it be but a sea of justice? I don't need to go down to hell to see how divine justice shines there; it's enough for me to be in this world to see it. If you're blind to everything outside yourself, at least look at yourself: if you're in sin, you're under the lance of this justice; and the more secure and confident you feel, the more deeply you've fallen under it. Saint Augustine was like this for a time, as he himself confesses: "I was drowning in the gulf of sins, and your wrath had prevailed against me, and I did not know it." It had made me deaf with the noise of the chains of my mortality; and this ignorance of your wrath and of my guilt was the punishment of my36 pride."37 So then, if God has punished you this way—letting you stay so long drowned and blind in your wickedness—how can you give such a backwards account of the fair, so unlike how it's actually going for you there?38 Let the one who has been favored speak of God's mercies; but let the one who has been judged speak of his just judgments. If leaving you in sin for so long fits with God's mercy, won't sending you to hell fit just as well?39 Oh, if only you knew how short the road is from guilt to punishment, and from grace to glory! Once a person is set in grace, what great thing is it to give him glory? And once he has fallen into guilt, what great thing is it to give him the punishment? Grace is the beginning and merit of glory, and sin is hell deserved and already begun.

The Narrow Gate and the Few Saved

A sobering reflection on the small number of the saved, intended to shatter the reader's false sense of security.

Beyond this, what could be more terrifying than the fact that, even though the pains of hell are as horrible as we described, God allows the number of the damned to be so vast, and the number of the saved to be so small? How small this number is—so you don't think this is mere guesswork—He himself tells you, the One who counts the stars of heaven and calls each one by name.✦ Who isn't terrified by those words, so well known yet so poorly taken to heart, which the Lord spoke when the disciples asked if few were being saved: Enter through the narrow gate, for wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to ruin, and many are those who take it?✦✦4041 How narrow is the gate, and how cramped the road that leads to life!✦ And few are those who find it.✦42 If only someone could feel what the Savior felt when—not casually, but with such a cry and urgency—he said: How narrow is the gate, and how cramped the road!✦4344 The whole world perished in the flood, and only eight souls escaped in Noah's ark; which, as Peter says in his Epistle, is a figure of how very few are saved compared to those who are damned.✦45 God led six hundred thousand men out of Egypt to bring them to the promised land—not counting women and children—and for this, they were helped by a thousand favors from heaven. And yet, for all that, they lost through their own fault the land God had offered them by his grace; for out of so great a number of men, only two entered it.✦ Theologians generally agree that this is a figure of the many who are damned and the few who are saved—that many are called, but few are chosen.✦ That is why, not without reason, the just are often called precious stones in Holy Scripture—to make us understand that they are rare in the world, as those stones are, and that the advantage the number of other rough stones has over these is the same advantage the number of the wicked has over the good, as Solomon testified when he said that the number of fools was infinite.✦ So tell me now: if the elect are so few and so counted, as both the figure and the truth tell you (for you see how many, by God's just judgment, were deprived of that for which they were called)—how can you not fear in this common danger and universal flood? Even if the sides were equal, there would still be every reason to fear.46 But what am I saying—'equal sides'! I tell you truly that everlasting hell is such a great evil that even if only one person in the whole human race were to go there, that one alone ought to make everyone else tremble. When the Savior, dining with his disciples, said that one of them was going to sell him, they all began to fear, even though their conscience reassured them; because when the evil is great, even if it falls on only a few, each one fears for the share that may come to him.✦ If a great army of men were standing in a field, and they all knew by revelation from God that a lightning bolt was going to fall and kill one of them, without knowing whom, there is no doubt that each one would fear his own danger. Well then, what would it be if half of them, or the greater part, were going to be in peril? How much greater that fear would be! So tell me, man—wise about all the things of the world, and wholly a brute about your own salvation: God reveals to you here that so many will be struck by that bolt of divine justice, and so few will escape, and you don't know which of these sides you belong to—and even so, aren't you afraid?47 Is hell, by any chance, a lesser evil than lightning? Has God given you assurance?48 Do you have a certificate of your salvation?49 So far, nothing gives you any assurance, and your works condemn you; and according to justice as it stands now, if you don't turn over a new leaf, you stand condemned—and even so, aren't you afraid?50 . You say that divine mercy emboldens you. That does not undo what has been said. On the contrary: if even with that mercy so great a number of the lost still perish, will it not also allow that you be one of them if you live as they do?51 Don't you see, you wretched man, that self-love is deceiving you, since it makes you presume something of yourself that you don't of everyone else in the world? For what privilege do you have beyond all the children of Adam, that you should not go where those whose works you imitate are going? And if we are to know God by His works, as was said above, I can tell you one thing: that although many comparisons can be drawn between mercy and justice—where the works of mercy always come out ahead—still, in the end we find that in the line of Adam, from whom you descend, there are more vessels of wrath than vessels of mercy, for so many are condemned and so few are saved. That is not because anyone lacks God's favor and help—He who, as the Apostle says, wants all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth—but through the fault of the wicked, who refuse to make use of God's favors.✦ I've said all this so you'll understand that if this great mercy of God you appeal to is consistent with there being so many unbelievers in the world and so many bad Christians in the Church—and if all the unbelievers are lost, and so many of the Christians too—then that same mercy will also be consistent with your being lost with them, if you turn out like them.52 Did the heavens, by chance, laugh for you when you were born? Or did God's rights and the laws of his Gospel change then, so there would have to be one world for you and another for everyone else? Well then, if with this great mercy it's consistent that hell has widened its bosom and that thousands of souls go down into it every day—won't it also be consistent that yours go down too, if you live that same life? And so you won't say that God used to be severe and now is mild, notice that even with that mildness everything you've just heard still holds true now—so that you too won't stop fearing your punishment, even if you're a Christian, if you're bad. Will God somehow lose his glory if you alone fail to enter into it? Do you have some great abilities that God particularly needs, so that he has to put up with you with all your good and bad faults?53 Or do you have some special privilege beyond others, so that you don't have to be lost with them if you are just as bad? Well then, even the sons of David, who were privileged by their father's merits, God did not fail to give them what they deserved when they were bad—and so many of them ended disastrously (Absalom, Amnon, Adonijah). Are you vainly confident, believing that you are safe even with all that? You are wrong, my brother—you are wrong—if you think that is hoping in God. That is not hope, but presumption. For hope is trusting that if you repent and turn away from sin, God will forgive you, however bad you have been; but presumption is believing that while you keep on always living a bad life, you still have your salvation secure. And don't think this is just any sin, because it is one of the sins counted against the Holy Spirit—for this is to insult and abuse God's goodness, which is especially attributed to the Holy Spirit. Of these sins the Savior says they will not be forgiven in this age or in the next, making clear that they are extremely hard to forgive, because as far as they go they shut the door of grace and offend the very Physician who is to give us life.

True Hope vs. Presumption

The author concludes by distinguishing between true hope, which leads to repentance, and presumption, which leads to destruction.

III. A conclusion to everything said so far. Let’s close this subject with the sobering warning the Holy Spirit gives us through Ecclesiasticus: Do not stop fearing even a sin that has already been forgiven.54 And do not say: "The Lord is merciful; he will not remember the multitude of my sins." For His mercy and His wrath are very near, and His wrath keeps its eyes fixed on sinners. Tell me, I beg you: if He commands us to fear even sins already forgiven, how can you not fear when you are adding sin to sin every day? And mark carefully the word that says the divine wrath looks upon sinners, because the understanding of this whole subject depends on that. You must know that although God's mercy extends to the just and to sinners alike, reaching out to all—preserving some and calling and waiting for others—still, for all that, those great favors God promises in His Scriptures55 especially belong to the just, who, just as they faithfully keep God's laws, so He faithfully keeps His word to them, and is a true father to them, as they are obedient children to Him. And, on the contrary, whatever you read about threats, curses, and the severity of justice—all of that speaks to you and to people like you.56 So what blindness is yours, that you have no fear of the threats that speak to you, and take great satisfaction in the words that aren't addressed to you? Take the share that falls to you, and leave the just person what is theirs.57 For you, there is wrath: fear; for the just, there is love and goodwill: let him rejoice.58 Do you want to see it? Look at what David says: The eyes of the Lord are upon the just, and His ears upon their prayers.✦ But His angry face is set against the wicked, to wipe their memory from the earth.✦ And in the book of Esdras you'll find these words written: The hand of the Lord—which is his fatherly providence—is set upon those who truly seek him; but his dominion, his strength, and his fury are against all who forsake him. So if that's how it is, you wretched one who keep on in sin—how badly you're deceived! How can you sit there with your arms folded?59 How can you switch the cards?60 That address is not written to you.61 In that state of wrath and enmity, the sweetness of divine love and goodwill doesn't speak to you. That share belongs to Jacob; it doesn't belong to Esau. That lot belongs to the good; you who are evil—what business do you have with it? Stop being that way, and it will be yours.62 Stop acting that way, and God's goodwill and fatherly providence will speak to you. Meanwhile, you're a tyrant and a usurper of what isn't yours, and you want to force your way into what is forbidden.63 "Hope in the Lord," says David, "and do good works"; and in another place he says, "Offer a sacrifice of justice, and hope in the Lord."✦✦ This is the right way to hope—not by turning yourself into a swindler of divine mercy, persisting in sin while thinking you'll go to paradise.64 True hope means turning away from evil works and calling on God; but if you stubbornly keep on in them, that isn't hoping—it's presumption. It isn't hoping and, through hope, deserving mercy; it's offending mercy and making yourself unworthy of it. For just as the Church is no help to the one who, while trusting in her, leaves her to do evil, so it is right that God's mercy should be no help to the one who takes advantage of it to do evil. This is what the stewards of God's word should have considered—those who so often, not looking carefully at whom they're speaking to, give the wicked occasion to keep on in their evils. They should see that just as with sick bodies the more you feed them the more you harm them, so with souls obstinate in sin, the more you prop them up with this kind of confidence, the more motives you give them to go on living badly. Finally, I’ll close this subject with that wise saying of Saint Augustine, who notes that people go to hell both hoping and despairing: hoping wrongly in life, and despairing even worse at death. So, my brother, let go of those presumptuous confidences and remember that in God there is both mercy and justice. And so, just as you fix your eyes on mercy in order to hope, you must also fix them on justice in order to fear. For, as Saint Bernard says so well, God has two feet: "One of mercy, and the other of justice; and no one should embrace the one without the other, lest justice alone, without mercy, make us fear so much that we despair, or mercy alone, without justice, make us presume and hope so much that we keep living badly."

Read the original Spanish

Otros hay que, perseverando en su mala vida, se aseguran con la esperanza de la divina misericordia y de la pasión de Cristo; a los cuales también será razón que demos su desengaño, como a todos los demás. Dices que es grande la misericordia de Dios, pues por los pecadores se puso en la cruz. Yo te confieso que es muy grande, pues te consiente tan grande blasfemia como es hacer tú su bondad factora de tu maldad, y que la cruz que él tomó por medio para destruir el reino del pecado tomes tú por medio para fortalecerlo, y donde le habías de ofrecer mil vidas que tuvieras, por haber puesto la suya por ti, tomes de ahí ocasión para negarle esa sola que él te dio. Más le dolió esto al Salvador, que la misma muerte que padecía, pues no quejándose della, se quejó deste agravio, por su profeta, diciendo: Sobre mis espaldas fabricaron los pecadores y extendieron su maldad.

Λ Dime, ruégote: ¿Quién te enseñó a hacer esa consecuencia: que, porque Dios es bueno, tomes tú licencia para ser malo, y salir con ello? A lo menos el Espíritu Santo no enseña a argüir desta manera, sino desta: «Porque Dios es bueno, merece ser servido y obedecido y amado sobre todas las cosas. Porque Dios es bueno, es razón que yo lo sea, y espere en él que me perdonará, por gran pecador que haya sido, si de todo corazón me volviere a él. Porque Dios es bueno, y tan bueno, por eso es mayor maldad ofender a tal bondad». Y así, cuanto más engrandeces la bondad en que confiabas, tanto más encareces la culpa que contra ella cometes; y esa tan grande culpa no es justo que quede sin castigo. Y ese cargo pertenece a la divina justicia, que es no como tú piensas contraria, sino hermana y defensora de la divina bondad, la cual no consiente que tal ofensa quede sin debido castigo.

No es nueva esta manera de excusa, sino muy vieja y muy usada en el mundo. Porque esta era la contienda que tenían los profetas verdaderos con los falsos: ca los unos amenazaban de parte de Dios castigos de justicia, y los otros prometían de su propia cabeza falsa paz y misericordia; y, después que el azote de Dios declaraba la verdad de los unos y la mentira de los otros, decían los verdaderos profetas: ¿Dónde están vuestros profetas, que os aseguraban y decían: «No vendrá Nabucodonosor sobre nosotros»? .

Dices que es grande la misericordia de Dios. Tú, que eso dices, créeme que no te ha Dios abierto los ojos para que veas la grandeza de su justicia, porque, si esto fuera, tú dijeras con el Profeta: ¿Quién hay, Señor, que alcance a conocer el poder de vuestra saña, y que pueda contar la grandeza de vuestra ira? .

Pues, para que salgas de ese engaño tan peligroso, ruégote que nos pongamos ahora en razón. Ni tú ni yo habemos visto la justicia divina en sí misma, para que por esta vía podamos conocer su medida. Ni tampoco podemos en este mundo conocer a Dios, sino por sus obras. Pues entremos ahora en ese mundo espiritual de la Sagrada Escritura, y después salgamos a este corporal en que vivimos, y notemos en el uno y en el otro las obras de la divina justicia, para que por ellas la conozcamos.

Sernos ha esta jornada muy provechosa, porque, demás del fin que pretendemos, sacaremos otro fruto muy grande, que será avivar y criar en nuestros corazones el temor de Dios; el cual dicen los santos que es el tesoro, la guarda y el peso de nuestras ánimas. Por donde, así como el navío que va sin lastre y sin peso no va seguro, porque cualquier viento recio basta para trastornarlo, así tampoco lo va el ánima que camina sin el peso deste temor. El temor la sostiene, para que los vientos de los

favores humanos y divinos no la levanten y trastumben. Por muy rica que vaya, si carece deste peso, va a peligro. Y, por tanto, no sólo los principiantes, sino también los criados viejos en la casa del Señor han de vivir con temor; y no solamente los culpados, que tienen por qué temer, sino también los justos, que no han hecho tanto por qué. Los unos teman porque cayeron, y los otros, porque no caigan. A unos, los males pasados, y a los otros los peligros venideros deben poner temor.

Y, si quieres saber cómo se engendrará en ti este santo temor, dígote que, después de infundido con la gracia, se conserva y crece con esta consideración de las obras de la divina justicia, de que ahora comenzamos a tratar. Piénsalas y rúmialas muchas veces, y poco a poco verás criado en ti este santo temor.

I. De las obras de la divina justicia que se cuentan en la Sagrada Escritura

La primera obra de la divina justicia de que se hace mención en la Escritura divina fue la condenación de los ángeles. El principio de los caminos de Dios fue aquella terrible y sangrienta bestia que es el príncipe de los demonios, como se escribe en Job. Porque, como todos los caminos de Dios sean misericordia y justicia, hasta aquella primera culpa no se había descubierto la justicia. Encerrada estaba en el seno de Dios, como espada en su vaina; a la cual enviaba el profeta Ezequiel, si se cumpliera su deseo. Esta primera culpa hizo que se desenvainase la espada; y mira tú aquel primer golpe qué tal fue. Alza los ojos, y verás una gran lástima; verás una de las más ricas joyas de la casa de Dios, una de las principales hermosuras del cielo, una imagen en quien tan altamente resplandecía la hermosura divina, caer del cielo como un rayo por un solo pensamiento soberbio. De príncipe entre los ángeles se hizo príncipe de los demonios; de hermosísimo, el más feo; de gloriosísimo, el más atormentado; de graciosísimo, el mayor enemigo de todos cuantos Dios tiene y tendrá jamás. ¡Qué cosa de tan grande admiración debe ser esta para aquellos espíritus celestiales, los cuales tan bien conocen de dónde y adónde cayó una tan excelente criatura!

Con qué espanto dirán todas aquellas palabras de Isaías: ¡Cómo caíste del cielo, Lucero que salías a la mañana! .

Desciende luego más abajo, al paraíso terrenal, y verás otra caída no menos espantosa, si no fuera reparada. Porque, si los ángeles cayeron, cada uno hizo su pecado actual por do cayese. Mas ¿qué pecado actual hace el niño que nace, por do nazca hijo de ira? . No es menester que haya actualmente pecado: basta que sea del linaje de un hombre que pecó (y, pecando, corrompió la común raíz de toda la naturaleza humana que en él estaba), para que este nazca con su propio pecado. Es tan grande la gloria y majestad de Dios, que haberle una criatura ofendido merece este tan espantoso castigo. Porque, si aquel gran privado del rey Asuero, que se decía Amán, no se tenía por satisfecho con tomar venganza de solo Mardoqueo (de quien se tenía por injuriado), sino parecíale que convenía a su grandeza que todo el linaje de los judíos pagase con universal muerte el desacato de uno, ¿qué mucho es que la gloria y grandeza infinita de Dios pida este castigo? Cata aquí, pues, el primer hombre desterrado del paraíso por un bocado; el cual todo el universo mundo, hasta el día de hoy, está ayunando.

Y, al cabo de tantos siglos, el hijo que nace saca la lanzada del padre; y no sólo antes que sepa pecar, sino antes que nazca nace hijo de ira; y esto, a cabo de tantos siglos. En tan largo espacio no está aún olvidada aquella injuria, por tantos hombres repartida y con tantos azotes castigada; antes todas cuantas penas hasta hoy se han padecido, y todas cuantas muertes ha habido, y todas cuantas ánimas arden y arderán para siempre en el infierno, todas son centellas que originalmente descienden de aquella primera culpa, y argumentos y testimonios de la divina justicia. Y todo esto pasa aun después de la redención del género humano por la sangre de Cristo; porque, a no estar esto de por medio, ¿qué diferencia hubiera del hombre al demonio, pues tan poco remedio tenía el uno y el otro para salvarse? ¿Parécete, pues, que es esta razonable muestra de la justicia divina?

Y, como si no bastara este yugo tan pesado sobre los hijos de Adán, añadiéronse de ahí adelante otros y otros nuevos castigos por otros nuevos pecados; que, como dijimos, se derivaron de aquel pecado. Todo el universo mundo pereció con las aguas del diluvio. Sobre aquellas

cinco deshonestas ciudades llovió Dios fuego y piedra azufre del cielo. A Datán y Abirón, por una competencia que tuvieron con Moisés, tragó la tierra vivos. Dos hijos de Aarón, Nadab y Abihú, porque dejaron de guardar una ceremonia en su sacrificio, fueron súbitamente abrasados con el fuego del santuario, sin que les valiese la dignidad del sacerdocio, ni la santidad del padre, ni la privanza que tenía con Dios Moisés, su tío. Ananías y Safira, en el Nuevo Testamento, por una mentira que dijeron, al parecer liviana, en un punto los arrebató la muerte juntos.

Pues ¿qué diré de los juicios espantosos de Dios? Salomón, el más sabio de los hijos de los hombres, y tan amado de Dios que le mandó él poner por nombre el amado del Señor, vino, por sus altos juicios, a dar en el extremo de todos los males, que fue arrodillarse ante las estatuas de los ídolos. ¿Qué cosa más para temer? Y, si supieses los juicios que desta manera acaecen cada día en la Iglesia, no menos por ventura te espantaría, que todo lo dicho; porque verías muchas estrellas del cielo caídas en tierra; verías muchos, que asentados a la mesa de Dios comían pan de ángeles, venir a desear hinchir sus vientres de manjares de puercos; verías muchas castidades, más finas y más hermosas que el marfil antiguo, tiznadas y convertidas en carbones de fuego; de todo lo cual fueron causa las culpas y pecados de los que cayeron, porque la ordenación y los juicios de Dios no ponen necesidad a las obras de los hombres, ni les quitan su libre albedrío.

Mas, sobre todo esto, ¿qué mayor muestra de justicia, que no contentarse Dios con otra menor satisfacción que la muerte de su unigénito Hijo para haber de perdonar al mundo? ¡Qué palabras tan para sentir aquellas que el Salvador dijo a las mujeres que le iban llorando! : Hijas de Jerusalén, no lloréis sobre mí, sino sobre vosotras y sobre vuestros hijos, porque días vendrán en que diréis: Bienaventuradas las estériles y los vientres que no concibieron y los pechos que no criaron. Entonces «dirán a los montes: ¡Caed sobre nosotros! Y a los collados: ¡Cubridnos!» Porque, si esto se hace en el madero verde, en el seco ¿qué se hará? . Como si más claramente dijera: «Si este árbol de vida y de inocencia, en el cual nunca hubo gusano ni carcoma de pecado, así arde con las llamas de la justicia divina por los pecados ajenos, ¿cómo arderá el árbol estéril y seco, a quien no la caridad, sino la maldad tiene tan cargado de los suyos propios?»

Pues, si en esta que fue obra de tanta misericordia ves tan grande rigor de justicia, ¿qué será en las otras obras, donde no resplandece tanto esta misericordia?

Mas, si por ventura eres tan rudo que no penetras la fuerza desta razón, párate a considerar aquella eternidad de las penas del infierno, y mira cuán espantable sea aquella justicia, que el pecado que se puede hacer en un punto, castiga con eterno tormento. Con esa tan grande misericordia que alabas se compadece esta tan espantable justicia que ves. ¡Qué cosa tan espantosa como ver de la manera que estará aquel sumo Dios mirando desde el trono de su gloria un ánima, que habrá estado penando millones de años en tan terribles tormentos, y que no por esto se inclinará jamás a compasión della, sino antes se holgará que pene, y que esta pena sea sin cabo, y sin término, y sin esperanza de remedio! ¡Oh alteza de la justicia divina! ¡Oh cosa de grande admiración! ¡Oh secreto y abismo de altísima profundidad! ¿Qué hombre hay tan fuera de juicio, que, considerando esto, no se estremezca y admire de tan grande castigo?

II. De las obras de la divina justicia que en este mundo se ven

Mas dejemos ahora la Escritura Sagrada y salgamos a este mundo visible, y en él hallaremos otras obras de grandísima y espantosa justicia. Dígote de verdad que los que tienen un poquito de lumbre y conocimiento de Dios viven en este mundo con tan grande temor y espanto destas obras, que, hallando salida para todas las otras obras divinas, no la hallan para esta, sino en sola la humilde y sencilla confesión de la fe. ¿A quién no pone en admiración ver casi toda la haz de la tierra cubierta de infidelidad, ver qué tan grande sementera tienen aquí los demonios para poblar los infiernos, ver qué tan grande parte del mundo, aun después de la redención del género humano, se está como de antes, en las tinieblas de sus errores? ¿Qué es toda la tierra de cristianos, comparada con la que hay de infieles, y con la que cada día se va descubriendo, sino un estrecho rincón? Y todo lo demás tiene tiranizado el reino de las tinieblas, donde no resplandece el Sol de justicia, donde no ha amanecido la lumbre de la verdad, donde, como en los montes de Gelboé, no cae agua ni rocío del cielo, donde

cada día, desde el principio del mundo, se llevan los demonios tantas presas de ánimas a los fuegos eternos; pues claro está que, así como fuera del arca de Noé no escapó ninguno en tiempo del diluvio, ni fuera de la casa de Raab se guareció ninguno de los moradores de Jericó, así ninguno se salva fuera de la casa de Dios, que es su Iglesia.

Pues, ese pedazo que hay de cristiandad, mira de la manera que está en nuestros tiempos, y hallarás, por cierto, que en todo este cuerpo místico, desde la planta del pie hasta la cabeza, apenas hay cosa del todo sana. Saca afuera algunas ciudades principales donde hay algún rastro de doctrina y discurre por esotro carruaje de villas y lugares donde no hay memoria della, y hallarás muchos pueblos de quien se puede verificar aquello que dijo Dios, en un tiempo, de Jerusalén: Rodead todas las calles y barrios de Jerusalén, y buscad un hombre que sea verdaderamente justo, y yo usaré de misericordia con él. Corre, no digo ya por todos los mesones y plazas, que estos son lugares dedicados a mentiras y trampas, sino por todas las casas de vecinos, y, como dice Jeremías, pon la oreja a escuchar lo que hablan, y hallarás que apenas se oye palabra que buena sea, sino que aquí oirás murmuraciones, allí torpezas, aquí juramentos, allí blasfemias, rencillas, codicias y amenazas, y, finalmente, en toda parte el corazón y lengua tratan de la tierra y de sus ganancias, y muy pocas de Dios y de sus cosas, si no es para jurar y perjurar su nombre; que es aquella memoria de que se queja él mismo, por su profeta, diciendo: Acuérdanse de mí, mas no como deberían, jurando por mi nombre mentiras. De manera que, a lo menos por las insignias que se ven de fuera, apenas podrás juzgar si aquel pueblo es de cristianos o de gentiles, si no es por ventura por las torres de las campanas que asoman de lejos, o por lo juramentos o perjurios que se oyen de cerca; y por todo lo demás, apenas lo conocerás. Pues ¿cómo pueden entrar estos en la cuenta de aquellos de quien dice Isaías: Todos cuantos los vieren, luego los conocerán, porque estas son las plantas a quien bendijo el Señor? . Pues, si tal ha de ser la vida del cristiano, que todos cuantos le vieren le juzguen por hijo de Dios, ¿en qué cuenta pondremos a estos, que más parecen burladores y despreciadores de Cristo, que cristianos?

Pues, si tantos son los pecados y males del mundo, ¿cómo no ves aquí claro los indicios y efectos de la justicia del cielo? Porque no se puede negar que, así como uno de los mayores beneficios de Dios es preservar al hombre de pecado, así uno de los mayores castigos y señales de ira es dejarlo caer en ellos. Y así leemos en el libro de los Reyes que el furor de Dios se airó contra Israel, por donde permitió a David caer en aquel pecado de soberbia, cuando mandó contar el pueblo. Y así también leemos en el Eclesiástico que a los varones misericordiosos apartará Dios de todo mal y no permitirá que se vean envueltos en pecados. Porque, así como una parte del premio de la virtud es acrecentamiento de esa misma virtud, así muchas veces el castigo del pecado es permitir Dios otros pecados. Y así vemos que el mayor castigo que se dio por el mayor de los pecados, que fue la muerte del Hijo de Dios, fue aquel que denuncia el Profeta contra los obradores desta maldad, diciendo: Añade, Señor, maldad a las maldades de ellos, y no entren en tu justicia; que es en la obediencia y guarda de tus mandamientos. ¿Y qué se sigue de ahí? Luego lo declara el mismo profeta, diciendo: Sean borrados del libro de la vida y no sean escritos con los justos.

Pues, si tan grande castigo y tan grande muestra de ira es castigar Dios pecados con pecados, ¿cómo, entre tanta muchedumbre de pecados como hierven en el mundo, no ves las señales de la justicia divina? A doquiera que volviéredes los ojos, como el que está engolfado en la mar que no ve sino cielo y agua, apenas verás otra cosa que pecados. Y, viendo pecados, ¿no ves justicia? En medio de la mar, ¿no ves agua? Y, si todo este mundo es un mar de pecados, ¿qué será, sino un mar de justicia? No he menester yo descender al infierno para ver cómo resplandece allí la justicia divina: bástame estar en este mundo, para verla.

Y, si a todo lo que está fuera de ti estás ciego, mira siquiera a ti mismo, que, si estás en pecado, estás debajo de la lanza desta justicia; y, mientras más seguro y más confiado, más caído debajo della. Así estuvo un tiempo san Agustín, como él mismo lo confiesa, diciendo: «Estaba yo ahogado en el golfo de los pecados, y había prevalecido contra mí tu ira, y yo no la conocía. Habíame hecho sordo con el ruido de las cadenas de mi mortalidad; y esta ignorancia de tu ira y de mi culpa era pena de mi

soberbia». Pues, si Dios te ha castigado desta manera, permitiéndote estar tanto tiempo ahogado y ciego en tus maldades, ¿cómo cuentas de la feria tan al revés de como te va en ella? El favorecido cuente de las misericordias de Dios, mas el justiciado, de sus justicias. ¿Con la misericordia de Dios se compadece dejarte tanto tiempo en pecado, y no se compadecerá enviarte al infierno? ¡Oh, si supieses cuán poco camino hay de la culpa a la pena, y de la gracia a la gloria! Puesto un hombre en gracia, ¿qué mucho es darle gloria? Y caído en una culpa, ¿qué mucho es darle la pena? La gracia es principio y merecimiento de la gloria, y el pecado es infierno merecido y comenzado.

Demás desto, ¿qué cosa puede ser más espantable que, siendo las penas del infierno tan horribles, como arriba dijimos, consienta Dios que sea tan grande el número de los que se condenan, y tan pequeño el de los que se salvan? Qué tan pequeño sea este número (porque no pienses que esto es adivinar), dícelo aquel que cuenta las estrellas del cielo y a cada una llama por su nombre. ¿A quién no espantan aquellas palabras tan bien sabidas, y tan mal sentidas, que el Señor respondió a los discípulos cuando le preguntaban si eran pocos los que se salvaban, diciendo: Entrad por estrecha puerta, porque ancha es la puerta y muy seguido el camino que va a la perdición, y muchos son los que van por él? ¡Cuán estrecha es la puerta y cuán angosto el camino que va a la vida! , y pocos son los que atinan con él. ¡Quién sintiera lo que el Salvador sentía cuando, no simplemente, sino con aquella exclamación y encarecimiento, dijo: Cuán estrecha es la puerta y cuán angosto el camino! Todo el mundo pereció con las aguas del diluvio, y solas ocho ánimas se escaparon en el arca de Noé; lo cual, como dice Pedro en su Canónica, es figura de cuán poquitos son los que se salvan, en comparación de los que se condenan.

Seiscientos mil hombres sacó Dios de Egipto para llevar a la tierra de promisión (sin mujeres ni niños, que no se cuentan), y para esto fueron ayudados con mil favores del cielo. Y, con todo esto, la tierra que les había Dios ofrecido por su gracia perdieron ellos por su culpa, pues, de tanto número de hombres, solos dos entraron en ella. Donde todos los doctores comúnmente dicen ser esto figura de los muchos que se condenan y de los pocos que se salvan, que es de ser muchos los llamados y pocos los escogidos. Por donde no sin causa se llaman los justos muchas veces en la Escritura divina piedras preciosas, para dar a entender que son raros en el mundo, como ellas, y que la ventaja que hace el número de las otras piedras toscas a estas, esa hace el número de los malos al de los buenos; como testificó Salomón cuando dijo que era infinito el número de los locos. Pues dime ahora: Si tan pocos y tan contados son los elegidos, como te dice la figura y la verdad (pues ves cuántos fueron por justo juicio de Dios privados de aquello para que fueron llamados), ¿cómo no temerás tú en este común peligro y diluvio universal? Si fueran las partes iguales, aún había grandísima razón para temer. Mas ¡qué digo partes iguales! Dígote de verdad que es tan grande mal infierno para siempre, que, aunque no hubiera de ser más que un hombre solo en todo el linaje humano el que hubiese de ir a él, solo este había de hacer temblar a todos los otros.

Cuando el Salvador, cenando con sus discípulos, dijo que uno dellos le había de vender, todos comenzaron a temer, aunque su conciencia los aseguraba; porque, cuando el mal es grande, aunque sea de pocos, cada uno teme por la parte que le puede caber. Si estuviese un grande ejército de hombres en un campo y supiesen todos por revelación de Dios que había de caer un rayo y matar a uno, sin saber a quién, no hay duda, sino que cada uno temería su propio peligro. Pues ¿qué sería si la mitad de ellos, o la mayor parte, hubiese de peligrar? ¡Cuánto sería mayor este temor! Pues dime, hombre, sabio para todas las cosas del mundo, y del todo bruto para tu salvación: Revélate aquí Dios que han de ser tantos los que aquel rayo de la divina justicia ha de herir, y tan pocos los que han de escapar, y no sabes tú a cuál parte destas perteneces, y con todo eso, ¿no temes? ¿Es, por ventura, menos mal el infierno, que el rayo? ¿Hate Dios a ti asegurado? ¿Tienes cédula de tu salvación?

Hasta ahora, ninguna cosa te asegura, y tus obras te condenan, y según la presente justicia, si no vuelves la hoja, estás reprobado; y, con todo eso, ¿no temes? .

Dices que te esfuerza la misericordia divina. Esa no deshace lo dicho; antes, si con ella se compadece tanto número de perdidos, ¿no se compadecerá que seas tú también uno dellos, si vivieres como ellos? ¿No ves, miserable de ti, que te engaña el amor propio, pues te hace presumir de ti otra cosa que de todo el mundo? Porque ¿qué privilegio tienes tú más que todos los hijos de Adán, para que no vayas tú donde van aquellos cuyas obras imitas?

Y, si por sus obras habemos de conocer a Dios, como arriba se dijo, una cosa te sé decir: que aunque sean muchas las comparaciones que se pueden hacer de la misericordia a la justicia, donde siempre son aventajadas las obras de la misericordia, pero en cabo venimos a hallar que en el linaje de Adán, de quien tú desciendes, más son los vasos de ira, que los de misericordia, pues son tantos los que se condenan y tan pocos los que se salvan; lo cual no es porque falte a nadie el favor y ayuda de Dios, el cual, como dice el Apóstol, quiere que todos los hombres se salven y vengan al conocimiento de la verdad, sino por falta de los malos, que no se quieren aprovechar de los favores de Dios.

He dicho todo esto para que entiendas que, si con esta tan grande misericordia de Dios que tú alegas se compadece que haya en el mundo tantos infieles, y en la Iglesia tantos malos cristianos, y que si los infieles se pierden todos, y de los cristianos tantos, también se compadecerá que te pierdas también con ellos, si fueres tal como ellos. ¿Por ventura riéronse a ti los cielos cuando nacías, o mudáronse entonces los derechos de Dios y las leyes de su Evangelio, porque para ti haya de ser un mundo, y para los otros otro? Pues, si con esta tan gran misericordia se compadece que el infierno haya dilatado su seno y que desciendan cada día millares de ánimas a él, ¿no se compadecerá que descienda también la tuya, si vivieres esa misma vida? Y, porque no digas que entonces era Dios riguroso, y ahora manso, mira que con esa mansedumbre se compadece ahora todo esto que has oído; para que no dejes tú también de temer tu castigo, aunque seas cristiano, si eres malo.

¿Perderá, por ventura, Dios su gloria, si tú solo dejares de entrar en ella? ¿Tienes tú algunas grandes habilidades de que Dios tenga particular necesidad, porque te haya de sufrir con todas tus tachas buenas y malas? ¿O tienes algún especial privilegio más que los otros, porque no te hayas de perder con ellos, si fueres malo como ellos? Pues a los hijos de David, que fueron privilegiados por los méritos de su padre, no dejó Dios de dar su merecido cuando fueron malos, y así muchos de ellos acabaron desastradamente (Absalón, Amnón, Adonías). ¿Y estás tú vanamente confiado, creyendo que, con todo eso, estás seguro? Y yerras, hermano mío, yerras, si crees que eso sea esperar en Dios. No es ésa esperanza, sino presunción. Porque esperanza es confiar que, arrepintiéndote y apartándote del pecado, te perdonará Dios, por malo que hayas sido; mas presunción es creer que, perseverando siempre en mala vida, todavía tienes tu salvación segura.

Y no pienses que es este cualquier pecado, porque él es uno de los pecados que se cuentan contra el Espíritu Santo, porque esto es injuriar y usar mal de la bondad de Dios, que especialmente se atribuye al Espíritu Santo; los cuales pecados dice el Salvador que no se perdonarán en este siglo ni en el otro; dando a entender que son dificultosísimos de perdonar, porque cuanto es de su parte cierran la puerta de la gracia y ofenden al mismo médico que nos ha de dar la vida.

III. Conclusión de todo lo dicho

Concluyamos, pues, esta materia con aquel desengaño que el Espíritu Santo nos da por el Eclesiástico, diciendo: Del pecado perdonado no dejes de tener temor. Y no digas: «Misericordioso es el Señor: no se acordará de la muchedumbre de mis pecados». Porque su misericordia y su ira están muy cerca, y su ira tiene los ojos puestos sobre los pecadores. Dime, ruégote: Si de los pecados ya perdonados nos manda tener temor, ¿cómo tú no temes, añadiendo cada día pecados a pecados? Y nota bien aquella palabra que dice que la ira divina mira a los pecadores, porque de esa pende el entendimiento desta materia. Para lo cual has de saber que, aunque la misericordia de Dios se extienda a justos y pecadores, y a todos alcance su parte, conservando a los unos y llamando y esperando a los otros, pero, con todo eso, aquellos grandes favores que promete Dios en sus Escrituras

señaladamente pertenecen a los justos, los cuales, así como guardan fielmente las leyes de Dios, así les guarda él fielmente su palabra, y les es verdadero padre, como ellos le son obedientes hijos. Y, por el contrario, cuanto lees de amenazas y maldiciones y rigores de justicias, todo eso habla contigo y con los tales como tú. Pues ¿qué ceguedad es la tuya, que no tengas miedo de las amenazas que hablan contigo, y tomes grande contentamiento con las palabras que no dicen a ti? Toma la parte que te cabe, y deja al justo su hacienda. Para ti es la ira: teme; para el justo, el amor y la bienquerencia: alégrese. ¿Quiéreslo ver? Mira qué dice David: Los ojos del Señor están sobre los justos, y sus oídos sobre las oraciones dellos. Mas su rostro airado está sobre los malos, para destruir de la tierra la memoria dellos.

Y en el libro de Esdras hallarás escritas estas palabras: La mano del Señor —que es su providencia paternal— está puesta sobre aquellos que de verdad lo buscan; mas su imperio, su fortaleza y su furor, contra todos los que lo desamparan.

Pues, si esto es así, tú, miserable, que perseveras en pecado, ¿cómo andas engañado? , ¿cómo cruzas los brazos? , ¿cómo truecas las cartas? No dice a ti ese sobrescrito. No habla contigo en ese estado de ira y de enemistad la dulzura del amor y de la bienquerencia divina. Esa parte es de Jacob, no pertenece a Esaú. Esa suerte es de los buenos; tú, que eres malo, ¿qué tienes que ver con ella? Deja de serlo, y será tuya.

Deja de serlo, y hablará contigo la benevolencia y la providencia paternal de Dios. Entre tanto, tirano eres y usurpador de lo ajeno, y en lo vedado quieres entrar. Espera en el Señor —dice David— y haz buenas obras; y en otro lugar: Sacrificad —dice él— sacrificio de justicia, y esperad en el Señor. Esta es buena manera de esperar, y no, haciéndote truhán de la divina misericordia, perseverar en pecado y pensar de ir al paraíso. El buen esperar es apartándote de las malas obras y llamando a Dios; mas, si obstinadamente perseveras en ellas, no es esperar, sino presumir; no es esperar y, esperando, merecer misericordia, sino, ofendiendo a la misericordia, hacerse indigno della. Porque, así como la Iglesia no vale al que, confiando en ella, sale della a hacer mal, así es justo que no valga la misericordia de Dios al que se favorece della para el mal.

Esto habían de considerar los dispensadores de la palabra de Dios, los cuales muchas veces, no mirando con quién hablan, dan ocasión a los malos para perseverar en sus males. Deberían mirar que, así como a los cuerpos enfermos el que más les da de comer, más los daña, así a las ánimas obstinadas en pecados el que más las sustenta con esta manera de confianza, más motivos les da para continuar la mala vida.

Finalmente, acabo esta materia con aquella prudente sentencia de san Agustín, el cual dice que «esperando y desesperando van los hombres al infierno: esperando mal en la vida, y desesperando peor en la muerte». Así que, hermano mío, déjate de esas presuntuosas confianzas y acuérdate que hay en Dios misericordia y justicia. Por donde, así como pones los ojos en la misericordia para esperar, así también los debes poner en la justicia para temer. Porque, como dice muy bien san Bernardo, dos pies tiene Dios: «Uno de misericordia, y otro de justicia; y nadie debe abrazar el uno sin el otro, porque la justicia sola sin la misericordia no nos haga temer tanto, que desesperemos; ni la misericordia sola sin la justicia nos haga presumir y esperar tanto, que perseveremos en mal vivir».

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Rom.5.8;1Cor.15.3;Gal.2.20 — But God demonstrates his own love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 1Cor.15.3 — For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures. Gal.2.20 — I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.
  2. ↩Ps.129.3;Ps.130.3 — Plowers plowed upon my back; they made their furrows long. Ps.130.3 — If you kept watch over iniquities, O LORD, who could stand?
  3. ↩Deut.6.5;Matt.22.37;Mark.12.30;Luke.10.27 — And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength. Matt.22.37 — And he said to him, 'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind.' Mark.12.30 — And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength. Luke.10.27 — And he answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself."
  4. ↩Joel.2.12;Deut.30.2 — Yet even now, declares the LORD, return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning. Deut.30.2 — and you return to the LORD your God and obey his voice, according to all that I am commanding you today—you and your children—with all your heart and with all your soul,
  5. ↩Rom.1.19-Rom.1.20 — because what can be known about God is plain among them, for God made it plain to them. Rom.1.20 — For since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes have been clearly perceived, being understood through the things that have been made: both his eternal power and divine nature. So they are without excuse.
  6. ↩Prov.1.7;Ps.111.10 — The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction. Ps.111.10 — The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the LORD; good understanding belongs to all who do his works. His praise endures forever.
  7. ↩1Cor.10.12 — So let the one who thinks he stands take heed lest he fall.
  8. ↩Ps.25.10 — All the ways of the LORD are steadfast love and faithfulness, for those who keep his covenant and his testimonies.
  9. ↩2Sam.12.24-2Sam.12.25 — Then David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and he went in to her and lay with her, and she bore a son, and he called his name Solomon; and the LORD loved him. 2Sam.12.25 — and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and he called his name Jedidiah, for the sake of the LORD.
  10. ↩1Kgs.11.1-1Kgs.11.8 — Now King Solomon loved many foreign women — along with the daughter of Pharaoh — Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women. 1Kgs.11.2 — from the nations that the LORD said to the sons of Israel, 'You shall not go in among them, and they shall not come in among you; surely they will turn your heart after their gods'—Solomon clung to them in love. 1Kgs.11.3 — He had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines; and his wives turned away his heart. 1Kgs.11.4 — And it came about, in the time of Solomon's old age, that his wives turned his heart after other gods; and his heart was not wholly devoted to the LORD his God, as was the heart of David his father. 1Kgs.11.5 — Solomon went after Ashtoreth the goddess of the Sidonians, and after Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites. 1Kgs.11.6 — And Solomon did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, and he did not follow the LORD fully, as David his father had done. 1Kgs.11.7 — Then Solomon built a high place for Chemosh, the detestable god of Moab, on the mountain that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the detestable god of the Ammonites. 1Kgs.11.8 — And so he did for all his foreign wives, who were burning sacrifices and offering to their gods.
  11. ↩Rev.6.13;Isa.14.12 — and the stars of the sky fell to the earth, as a fig tree casts its unripe figs when shaken by a great wind. Isa.14.12 — How you have fallen from heaven, O Day Star, son of Dawn! You have been cut down to the earth, you who laid low the nations!
  12. ↩Ps.78.25 — Man ate the bread of the mighty; provisions he sent them to the full.
  13. ↩Luke.15.16 — He longed to fill his stomach with the pods that the pigs were eating, and no one gave him anything.
  14. ↩John.3.16;Rom.8.32;1John.4.9-1John.4.10 — For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but have eternal life. Rom.8.32 — He who did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? 1John.4.9 — In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. 1John.4.10 — In this is love: not that we have loved God, but that he loved us and sent his Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins.
  15. ↩Luke.23.28-Luke.23.29 — But turning toward them Jesus said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; but weep for yourselves and for your children." Luke.23.29 — For behold, the days are coming in which they will say, 'Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bore, and the breasts that never nursed.'
  16. ↩Hos.10.8;Rev.6.16 — The high places of wickedness will be destroyed—the sin of Israel. Thorn and thistle will grow over their altars. And they will say to the mountains, "Cover us," and to the hills, "Fall on us." Rev.6.16 — And they say to the mountains and to the rocks, "Fall on us, and hide us from the face of the one seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb.
  17. ↩Luke.23.30;Hos.10.8 — Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us,' and to the hills, 'Cover us.' Hos.10.8 — The high places of wickedness will be destroyed—the sin of Israel. Thorn and thistle will grow over their altars. And they will say to the mountains, "Cover us," and to the hills, "Fall on us."
  18. ↩Luke.23.31 — For if they do these things in the green wood, what will happen in the dry?
  19. ↩Luke.23.31 — For if they do these things in the green wood, what will happen in the dry?
  20. ↩Gen.2.9;Rev.22.2 — And the LORD God made to grow from the ground every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food, and the tree of life in the middle of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Rev.22.2 — In the middle of the city's street, and on both sides of the river, stood the tree of life, producing twelve kinds of fruit, yielding its fruit each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.
  21. ↩Rom.11.33 — Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments, and how inscrutable his ways!
  22. ↩2Sam.1.21 — O mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew or rain upon you, nor fields of offerings, for there the shield of the mighty was defiled — the shield of Saul, unanointed with oil.
  23. ↩Col.1.13;Eph.6.12 — He has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of the Son he loves. Eph.6.12 — For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places.
  24. ↩Ps.147.4;Isa.40.26 — He counts the number of the stars; to all of them he gives names. Isa.40.26 — Lift up your eyes on high and see: who created these? The One who brings out their host by number, calling them all by name; by the greatness of his might and the strength of his power, not one is missing.
  25. ↩Luke.13.23 — Someone said to him, "Lord, are those being saved few?" But he said to them,
  26. ↩Matt.7.13;Luke.13.24 — Enter through the narrow gate. For the gate is wide and the road is broad that leads to destruction, and many are those who enter through it. Luke.13.24 — Strive to enter through the narrow door, for many, I tell you, will seek to enter and will not be able.
  27. ↩Matt.7.14 — Because the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it.
  28. ↩Matt.7.14 — Because the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it.
  29. ↩Matt.7.14 — Because the gate is narrow and the road is hard that leads to life, and there are few who find it.
  30. ↩1Pet.3.20 — who formerly disobeyed, when God's patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared, in which a few—that is, eight souls—were brought safely through the water.
  31. ↩Num.14.30 — You shall not enter the land where I raised my hand to settle you in it, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.
  32. ↩Matt.22.14;Matt.20.16 — For many are called, but few are chosen. Matt.20.16 — So the last will be first, and the first will be last.
  33. ↩Eccl.1.15 — What is crooked cannot be made straight, and what is lacking cannot be counted.
  34. ↩John.13.21-John.13.22 — After saying these things, Jesus was troubled in his spirit, and testified, saying, "Truly, truly, I tell you, one of you will betray me." John.13.22 — The disciples looked at one another, uncertain about whom he was speaking.
  35. ↩1Tim.2.4 — who desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth.
  36. ↩Ps.33.16;Ps.35.15 — A king is not saved by a great army; a warrior is not delivered by great strength. Ps.35.15 — But when I stumbled, they rejoiced and gathered; they gathered against me, cripples I did not know. They tore at me and did not stop.
  37. ↩Ps.33.17;Ps.35.16 — A horse is a false hope for deliverance, and in the abundance of its strength it cannot save. Ps.35.16 — Among the godless mockers at feasting, they gnash their teeth at me.
  38. ↩Ps.37.3 — Trust in the LORD and do good; dwell in the land and be faithful.
  39. ↩Ps.4.6 — Offer sacrifices of righteousness, and trust in the LORD.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Spanish factora (agent/producer) rendered as 'cause' to keep the charge clear in modern English: treating God's goodness as what authorizes and produces the sinner's wickedness.
  2. 2 ↩«salir con ello» rendered as «get away with it» (pull off the wrongdoing without consequence); alternative: «and have your way with it.»
  3. 3 ↩Relative «la cual» is feminine and may attach either to «justicia» or «bondad»; English follows the nearer antecedent (bondad) while keeping justice as the agent that owns the «cargo» of punishment.
  4. 4 ↩habemos is an older Spanish form of hemos ('we have'); rendered with modern English perfect.
  5. 5 ↩Older Spanish 'criar' here means foster/nurture, not modern 'create'. 'Peso' is rendered 'ballast' to match the ship metaphor that follows; it also means weight.
  6. 6 ↩Source sentence is truncated mid-clause at the section boundary. Continuity with GuiaPec.1.29.7.s1 suggests the complete thought is roughly: fear holds the soul steady so that the winds of human and divine favors do not lift her up and overturn her. Translated only the supplied fragment; 'la' refers to the soul (ánima) from the previous sentence.
  7. 7 ↩Continues the prior sentence: fear holds the soul steady so that the winds of human and divine favors do not raise and overturn it (ship/ballast image).
  8. 8 ↩Applies Job's language about Behemoth as 'the beginning of the ways of God' to the devil by traditional allegorical reading.
  9. 9 ↩Relative 'a la cual' refers to the sword (justice sheathed in God); Ezekiel's wish is the prophetic cry for the sword of judgment to go out.
  10. 10 ↩Spanish 'graciosísimo' sits in an aesthetic series (hermosísimo, gloriosísimo) but is rendered 'most full of grace' to preserve the theological force of the fall; 'most graceful' is also possible.
  11. 11 ↩Spanish 'pecado actual' is the technical contrast with original sin (actual sin as a personal act), not 'current/present-day sin'.
  12. 12 ↩'actualmente pecado' = having committed actual (personal) sin, not merely 'having sinned at present'.
  13. 13 ↩Archaic 'Cata aquí' = 'Look here / See here.' Relative 'el cual' most naturally attaches to 'bocado' (the bite the world still fasts).
  14. 14 ↩Lanzada is a thrust or wound from a lance/spear; Granada uses it for the inherited blow of original sin from Adam. Rendered as 'spear-thrust' to keep the martial image without archaism.
  15. 15 ↩Here 'antes' is adversative ('rather / on the contrary'), not temporal 'before'—it intensifies that the injury is not forgotten but is still witnessed in all later pains.
  16. 16 ↩'Esto' most naturally points to the redemption just named as what 'stands in between' (de por medio). Without that intervening remedy, man would have been as hopeless of salvation as the demon.
  17. 17 ↩"universo mundo" is an older Spanish intensifier meaning the entire world; rendered as "whole wide world" rather than a wooden "universe world".
  18. 18 ↩Source sentence is truncated at section boundary; the following section continues with the five cities destroyed by fire and brimstone. Translation preserves only the supplied fragment.
  19. 19 ↩Continues the preceding fragment «Sobre aquellas»; rendered as a complete clause in the natural sense of the joined text.
  20. 20 ↩«privanza» rendered as privileged favor/intimacy of standing with God, not mere political patronage.
  21. 21 ↩Spanish 'el amado del Señor' is Solomon's name Jedidiah ('beloved of the Lord'); 'sus altos juicios' is taken as God's high/inscrutable judgments, continuing the section's theme.
  22. 22 ↩'ordenación' here is God's ordering/disposition of things (providence), not clerical ordination; rendered 'ordering' to keep that sense with 'juicios'.
  23. 23 ↩'hinchir' is the older form of 'henchir' (to fill); 'manjares de puercos' keeps the prodigal-son swine-fodder image.
  24. 24 ↩satisfacción keeps the classical atonement sense of satisfaction offered for sin, not mere contentment or apology.
  25. 25 ↩tan para sentir is idiomatically 'so meant to be felt / so piercing'; rendered as 'should cut' to keep the emotional force without archaism.
  26. 26 ↩Source sentence is punctuation-only ('.'), almost certainly a segmentation artifact between the Lucan saying and Granada's paraphrase; no lexical content to translate.
  27. 27 ↩caridad rendered as charity (not merely love) because it stands as the theological virtue opposed to maldad (wickedness) in an a fortiori judgment argument.
  28. 28 ↩Golden-Age se compadece con means 'accords with / is consistent with,' not 'takes pity on.' Rendered as 'is of a piece' to keep that sense of matching mercy and justice.
  29. 29 ↩salida: rendered as 'a way to account for' (an explanatory exit or resolution of the difficulty), not a physical escape.
  30. 30 ↩la que cada día se va descubriendo: likely the newly encountered lands of the Age of Exploration; kept as 'being discovered every day' to preserve the progressive sense.
  31. 31 ↩Source sentence ends mid-clause on 'donde'; the following section (GuiaPec.1.29.22) continues the thought. Translation preserves the incomplete trailing 'where'.
  32. 32 ↩"esotro carruaje de villas y lugares" rendered as "that other throng of towns and villages" (mass/train of lesser places, not a literal carriage).
  33. 33 ↩Source has "lo juramentos"; read as "los juramentos" (the oaths).
  34. 34 ↩Source sentence is only a period with no recoverable text; left empty rather than invent content.
  35. 35 ↩The relative clause 'que es en la obediencia y guarda de tus mandamientos' glosses 'tu justicia' as obedience and keeping of the commandments; retained as Granada's interpretive expansion of the psalm text.
  36. 36 ↩Section ends mid-phrase at «pena de mi»; the next section begins «soberbia», completing «pena de mi soberbia» and closing the Augustine quotation.
  37. 37 ↩Fragment completing the Augustine quotation begun in GuiaPec.1.29.26.s2–s3: ignorance of God's wrath and of one's own guilt was the penalty of pride.
  38. 38 ↩"Cuentas de la feria… al revés de como te va en ella" is an old Spanish idiom: to report how the fair went, meaning how things turned out for you. Here: you read your situation as favor when it is really punishment.
  39. 39 ↩"Compadecerse con" is taken in the Golden Age sense "to be consistent with / fit with," not "to pity." The argument: if long tolerance in sin seems to "go with" mercy, damnation can "go with" God's ways just as truly—so do not presume on delay.
  40. 40 ↩"tan mal sentidas" rendered as "so poorly taken to heart" (felt/received interiorly), not merely "misunderstood," to keep the contrast with "tan bien sabidas" (so well known).
  41. 41 ↩"muy seguido" rendered as "heavily traveled" (much followed/frequented), matching the sense of a crowded road rather than a merely straight one.
  42. 42 ↩"atinan con él" rendered as "find it" (hit upon / arrive at the right road), preserving the sense of scarce success rather than mere walking.
  43. 43 ↩"¡Quién sintiera...!" is optative/exclamatory wish ("If only someone could feel..."), not a mere interrogative "Who would feel...?"
  44. 44 ↩"encarecimiento" rendered as "urgency" (emphatic stressing of the point), paired with "exclamación" as "cry."
  45. 45 ↩"ánimas" kept as "souls" (persons/lives counted for salvation), matching both biblical diction and lexeme policy for anima.
  46. 46 ↩partes iguales: sides/shares equal—i.e., equal numbers saved and lost; rendered as 'sides' to keep the proportion image.
  47. 47 ↩Spanish 'Revélate aquí Dios' is read as 'God reveals to you here' (revela + te + subject Dios), not as an imperative 'reveal yourself.'
  48. 48 ↩Spanish '¿Hate Dios a ti asegurado?' = Ha + te ('Has God assured you / made you secure?'). Rendered as 'given you assurance' to keep the forensic-security force without archaism.
  49. 49 ↩'cédula' is a written warrant or sealed official paper. Kept as 'certificate' rather than flattened to vague 'guarantee,' to preserve the legal-document force of the taunt.
  50. 50 ↩Spanish idiom for a decisive change of life; rendered as the natural English equivalent 'turn over a new leaf' (repent / amend your ways), not as a literal page-turn.
  51. 51 ↩Spanish "se compadece / se compadecerá" is taken in rhetorical force: mercy coexists with a great multitude of the lost, so it will also leave room for the impenitent reader to join them. Not a claim that mercy actively desires damnation.
  52. 52 ↩Spanish se compadece here means 'is compatible with / goes together with / is consistent with' (older theological usage), not primarily 'feels compassion for.' Rendered as 'is consistent with' throughout this section to preserve the argument's force.
  53. 53 ↩sufrir here means bear with / tolerate, not suffer pain; tachas = faults/blemishes (good and bad traits mixed).
  54. 54 ↩desengaño here is the salutary undeception of Golden Age spiritual prose: a clear warning that strips false security; rendered as 'sobering warning' rather than 'disillusionment' alone.
  55. 55 ↩Source sentence is incomplete at section break; the predicate continues in GuiaPec.1.29.39.s1 (señaladamente pertenecen a los justos...). Translation preserves the trailing open clause.
  56. 56 ↩rigores de justicias rendered as 'severities of justice' (acts of rigorous judgment), not abstract 'justice' alone.
  57. 57 ↩hacienda = allotted portion/estate; here the just person's due share of God's favor and promises, not material property.
  58. 58 ↩bienquerencia = goodwill / kindly favor (benevolent regard), distinct from mere affection.
  59. 59 ↩cruzar los brazos is an idiom of idle complacency—sitting back as if the danger does not touch you—not a literal gesture only.
  60. 60 ↩truecar las cartas is a gaming/cheating metaphor: rearranging the deal so a promise meant for the penitent seeker is claimed by the one who still clings to sin.
  61. 61 ↩sobrescrito means the superscription or address on a letter; it points back to the preceding Esdras words about God's hand resting on those who truly seek him, not on those who abandon him.
  62. 62 ↩serlo points back to malo in s7: leave off being evil, and the good's portion becomes yours.
  63. 63 ↩"lo ajeno" / "lo vedado": the goods of divine favor that belong to the righteous and are closed to the unrepentant sinner still claiming them.
  64. 64 ↩"truhán": rogue/swindler/knave; rendered "swindler" to keep the charge of abusing mercy as a cover for continued sin.

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