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Chapter 38TeresaVida.1.38

Capítulo XXXVII

The Degrees of Glory and the Cost of Love

Teresa introduces the theme of varying degrees of glory in God's favors, confesses her reluctance to speak further, and expresses her willingness to endure any trial for even a little more understanding of God.

It deals with the effects that remained with her after the Lord granted her a favor, and along with this, quite sound teaching.1 She says that we ought to seek and highly value gaining a further degree of glory, and that we should not leave behind goods that are everlasting for any hardship. I'm reluctant to say more about the favors the Lord has done me beyond those already told — and even those are already too many for anyone to believe He has done them for so wretched a person — but to obey the Lord, who has commanded me to, and your Reverences, I'll say a few things for His glory.2 May it please His Majesty that it help some soul to see that the Lord has been willing to favor so miserable a creature like this (what will He do for someone who has truly served Him!). And may everyone take heart in trying to please His Majesty, since He offers such pledges even in this life.3 First, you must understand that there are varying degrees of glory in the favors God grants the soul. In some visions, the glory, delight, and consolation so far exceed what He gives in others that I am amazed at the difference in the experience, even in this life. The difference between one delight or favor God gives in a vision or rapture can be so vast that it seems impossible to desire anything more here below—and so the soul doesn't desire it, nor would it ask for more contentment. Although after the Lord has given me to understand how great the difference is in heaven between what some enjoy and what others enjoy, I see clearly that here below too there is no limit to His giving when the Lord is pleased to give — and so I wouldn't want there to be any limit in serving His Majesty already, and in putting my whole life and strength and health into this; and I wouldn't want, through my own fault, to lose even the slightest bit of greater joy.4 I say this: if I were asked whether I would rather endure all the trials of the world until the end of time and rise a little higher in glory, or go without any of them to a somewhat lower glory, I would gladly accept all the trials for even a tiny bit more of enjoying and understanding God's greatness. I see that whoever understands Him more, loves Him more and praises Him more. I'm not saying I wouldn't be content and count myself very fortunate to be in heaven, even if it were in the lowest place — for someone who belonged in hell, the Lord would be showing me abundant mercy in that — and may it please His Majesty that I go there, and that He not look at my great sins.5 What I am saying is that even if it cost me a great deal—if I could, and if the Lord gave me grace to work hard—I wouldn't want to lose anything through my own fault. How wretched I am—with so many sins I had lost everything!

The Transforming Vision of Christ

Teresa describes how the vision of Christ's beauty freed her from disordered attachments and gave her a lasting, liberating memory of His loveliness.

It’s also worth noting that with every favor the Lord granted me through vision or revelation, my soul was left with some great gain; and with some visions, it was left with a great deal more. From seeing Christ, His immense beauty was stamped on me, and I still have it to this day; even seeing it once would have been enough—let alone the many times the Lord grants me this favor.6 I was left with an immense benefit, and it was this: I had a very great fault that caused me significant harm. When I began to see that someone was fond of me, and if I liked that person, I grew so attached that my memory became fixated on thinking about him—not with any intention of offending God, but because I delighted in seeing him and thinking about his good qualities. It was so damaging that it left my soul badly lost.7 After I saw the Lord's great beauty, I didn't see anyone who, compared with Him, seemed attractive to me or took up my mind; because by fixing the eyes of my consideration even a little on the image I carry in my soul, I've been left with such freedom in this that ever since, everything I see seems repulsive beside the excellences and graces I saw in this Lord. There's no learning, and no kind of delight, that I value at all compared with hearing even a single word spoken by that divine mouth—how much more so when there are so many. And I hold it impossible—unless the Lord, because of my sins, allows this memory to be taken from me—that anyone could so occupy it that I wouldn't be left free by turning back even a little to remember this Lord.8 This happened to me with a certain confessor—for I always love very much those who govern my soul. Since I take them so truly in God's place, it seems to me that's always where my will is most engaged; and since I went about feeling secure, I showed them warmth. They, being God-fearing servants of God, were afraid I might somehow seize hold and bind myself to loving them—even if in a holy way—and they showed me coolness.9 This was after I was already so subject to obeying them; before that, I didn't form that love for them. I would laugh to myself seeing how mistaken they were, though I didn't always speak as clearly about how little anyone held me as I knew it inwardly; but I would reassure them, and as they dealt with me more, they came to know what I owed to the Lord—for these suspicions they had of me were always at the beginning. A much greater love and trust in this Lord began to grow in me as I saw Him, as with One with whom I had such continual conversation.10 I saw that though He was God, He was man—that He isn't shocked by people's weaknesses, that He understands our miserable makeup, subject to many falls because of the first sin, which He had come to repair.

The King Who Needs No Courtiers

Teresa contrasts the artificial courtliness of earthly kings with the immediate, humble access we have to Christ the King, and describes the awe and love this vision inspires.

I can deal with Him as a friend, even though He is Lord, because I understand He is not like those we consider lords here, who put all their lordship in artificial displays of authority.11 There has to be a set hour for speaking, and designated people to speak to them: if it's some poor little soul who has some business, it will cost him many more roundabouts and favors and hardships to get it heard. Oh, and if it's with the king!12 Here there's no approaching poor people without noble standing; instead you ask who the closest favorites are — and you can be sure they won't be people who have the world under their feet, because those speak truths they neither fear nor ought to fear. They're not for the palace; there such truths must not be practiced — instead you keep silent about what seems wrong to you, and you mustn't even dare think it, so you won't fall out of favor.1314 O King of glory and Lord of all kings, how your kingdom isn't armed with mere sticks, since it has no end!15 How little you need any go-betweens!16 Just by looking at you, one sees at once that you alone deserve to be called Lord. Given the majesty you show, there is no need for attendants or a guard for people to recognize that you are King; because here on earth a king by himself will hardly be known as such: even if he wants all the more to be recognized as king, they will not believe him, since he has no more than anyone else; something has to be seen that gives them reason to believe it.1718 And so it is right that he should have these artificial marks of authority, because if he did not, they would think nothing of him; because the appearance of power does not come from himself—his authority has to come from others.19 O my Lord! O my King! Who could now portray the majesty you have? It's impossible not to see that You Yourself are a great Emperor — looking at this majesty strikes one with awe; yet it strikes with still greater awe.20 My Lord, looking with that at Your humility and the love You show to someone like me.21 Once that first terror and fear of seeing Your majesty are gone, we can deal and speak with You about everything just as we wish—while a greater fear remains, so we will not offend You, but not from fear of punishment, my Lord, because that counts for nothing next to not losing You. Here are the benefits of this vision—not counting other great ones it leaves in the soul if it is from God. That is known by its effects, when the soul has light; because, as I've often said, the Lord wants the soul to be in darkness and not see this light, and so it's no wonder that someone who sees herself as wretched as I do should be afraid.22

The Fire That Hides and Kindles

Teresa describes a period of spiritual dryness and her bold complaints to the Lord, contrasting the freedom of speaking with God to the stifling etiquette of the world.

Just now I spent eight days when it seemed there was nothing in me—I could neither know what I owe God nor remember His favors—only my soul so stupefied and fixed I don't know on what or how; not on bad thoughts, but so incapable of good ones that I laughed at myself and took pleasure in seeing the baseness of a soul when God is not always at work in it. She clearly sees that she is not without Him in this state, which is not like the great trials I said I sometimes have; but although she adds wood and does what little she can on her part, the fire of God's love does not burn.23 It is a great mercy of His that the smoke is seen, so one can understand that it is not altogether dead. The Lord comes again to kindle it; for then a soul, even if she exhausts herself blowing and arranging the logs, seems only to smother it all the more.24 I believe the best thing is to completely surrender to the fact that she can do nothing by herself, and to keep herself busy with other meritorious things, as I have said; because perhaps the Lord takes prayer away from her so that she may attend to them and know from experience how little she can do on her own.25 It's true that today I've delighted in the Lord and dared to complain to His Majesty, saying to Him: "How is this, my God? Isn't it enough that You keep me in this miserable life, and that for love of You I bear it, wanting to live where everything hinders my enjoyment of You — but that I also have to eat and sleep and handle business and deal with everyone, and I bear it all for love of You?"26 For You know well, my Lord, that this is a very great torment to me, and that in the few moments I still get to spend with You now, You hide Yourself from me. How can this be reconciled with Your mercy?27 How can the love You have for me bear it? I believe, Lord, that if I could hide from You as You hide from me, I think — and I believe this because of the love You have for me — that You would not bear it. But You stay with me, and You always see me. These things can't be borne, my Lord; I beg You to look — a wrong is done to one who loves You so much. This and other things I've found myself saying — knowing first how merciful was the place I had in hell compared with what I deserved. But sometimes love so unsettles me that I lose all sense of myself, and yet with all my wits I make these complaints, and the Lord puts up with it all from me. Praised be so good a King.28 Would we get as far with people of the earth with these boldnesses? Even with a king I'm not surprised that one doesn't dare speak — it's right that he should be feared — and with the lords who stand as heads. But the world is already such that lives would have to be longer to learn the points and fashions and manners of courtesy, if people are to spend any of life serving God. I cross myself at what I see going on.29

The Burden of Worldly Courtesy

Teresa laments the exhausting demands of worldly etiquette and honor, especially for those called to live in the world, and concludes by turning her gaze to the unchanging life to come.

The fact is, I no longer knew how to live once I got myself into this; because if there's any carelessness in dealing with people — and they expect far more ceremony than they deserve — it isn't taken as a joke. They take it so seriously as an affront that you have to make apologies explaining your intention, if there is, as I say, any carelessness — and God grant they even believe it.30 I say again that I truly didn't know how to live, because you see a poor, worn-out soul. She sees that she's told always to keep her thoughts on God, and that she needs to keep Him with her to be free from many dangers. On the other hand she sees that she mustn't slip even a little on worldly points of honor, or she'll inevitably give occasion for those who have their honor wrapped up in these points to take offense.31 It left me worn out, and I never finished making apologies, because however hard I studied it I couldn't keep from making many mistakes in this, which, as I say, the world doesn't treat as a small thing. And is it true that in religious houses (where by rights we ought to be excused in these cases) there is any excuse?32 No: they say monasteries have to be a court of good breeding, and of knowing how to practice it. I for one can't understand this. I've wondered whether some saint said a monastery ought to be a court to teach those who wanted to be courtiers of heaven, and they've taken it the wrong way; because for someone who by rights should keep a continual care to please God and hate the world to take such great care to please those who live in it, over these things that change so often—I don't know how. Even if they could be learned once and for all, that would pass; but even for the titles on letters, you already need a lecture chair where people are taught how it has to be done, so to speak — because now you leave blank space on one side, now on the other, and for someone who used to be called Magnificent, you have to put Illustrious.3334 I don't know where it's going to end, because I'm not even fifty yet, and in the life I've lived I've seen so many changes that I don't know how to live. So what are those who are being born now supposed to do, if they live many years?35 I truly pity spiritual people who are forced to live in the world for holy purposes—the cross they carry in this is terrible. If they could all agree, make themselves ignorant, and want to be taken for ignorant in these sciences, they would spare themselves a great deal of trouble.36 But what nonsense I've gotten myself into! While writing about the grandeurs of God, I've ended up talking about the baseness of the world. Since the Lord has done me the mercy of having left it, I want to leave it now: let those who keep these trifles going with so much trouble manage as they can.37 May it please God that in the next life, which is without change, we don't have to pay for them. Amen.38

Read the original Spanish

Trata de los efetos que le quedaban, cuando el Señor le habin hecho alguna merced: junta con esto harto buena doctrina. Dice cómo se ha de procurar, y tener en mucho ganar algun grado mas de gloria, y que por ningun trabajo dejemos bienes que son perpétuos.

De mal se me hace decir mas de las mercedes, que me ha hecho el Señor, de las dichas, y aun son demasiadas, para que se crea haberlas hecho á persona tan ruin; mas por obedecer al Señor, que me lo ha mandado, y á vuesas mercedes, diré algunas cosas para gloria suya. Plega á su Majestad sea para aprovechar á algun alma, ver que á una cosa tan miserable ha querido el Señor ansí favorecer (¡qué hará á quien le hubiere de verdad servido!) y se animen todos á contentar á su Majestad, pues aun en esta vida da tales prendas. Lo primero, háse de entender, que en estas mercedes, que hace Dios á el alma, hay mas y menos gloria, porque en algunas visiones escede tanto la gloria y gusto, y consuelo á el que da en otras, que yo me espanto de tanta diferencia de gozar, aun en esta vida; porque acaece ser tanta la diferencia que hay de un gusto y regalo, que da Dios en una vision ú en un arrobamiento, que parece no es posible poder haber mas acá que desear, y ansí el alma no lo desea, ni pediria mas contento. Aunque despues que el Señor me ha dado á entender la diferencia que hay en el cielo, de lo que gozan unos á lo que gozan otros, cuán grande es, bien veo, que tambien acá no hay tasa en el dar, cuando el Señor es servido, y ansí no querria yo la hubiese en servir ya á su Majestad, y emplear toda mi vida y fuerzas y salud en esto, y no querria por mi culpa perder un tantito de mas gozar. Y digo ansí, que si me dijesen cual quiero mas, estar con todos los trabajos del mundo hasta el fin de él, y despues subir un poquito mas en gloria, ó sin ninguno irme á un poco de gloria mas baja, que de muy buena gana tomaria todos los trabajos por un tantito de gozar mas de entender las grandezas de Dios; pues veo quien mas lo entiende, mas le ama y le alaba. No digo que me contentaria y ternia por muy venturosa de estar en el cielo, aunque fuese en el mas bajo lugar, pues quien tal le tenia en el infierno, harta misericordia me haria en esto el Señor, y plegue á su Majestad vaya yo allá, y no mire á mis grandes pecados. Lo que digo es, que aunque fuese á muy gran costa mía, si pudiese, que el Señor me diese gracia para trabajar mucho, no querria por mi culpa perder nada.

¡Miserable de mí, que con tantas culpas lo tenia perdido todo!

Hase de notar tambien, que en cada merced, que el Señor me hacia, de vision ú revelacion, quedaba mi alma con alguna gran ganancia; y con algunas visiones quedaba con muy muchas. De ver á Cristo me quedó imprimida su grandísima hermosura, y la tengo hoy dia; porque para esto bastaba sola una vez, cuanti mas tantas como el Señor me hace esta merced. Quedé con un provecho grandísimo, y fué este: tenia una grandísima falta, de donde me vinieron grandes daños, y era esta; que como comenzaba á entender que una persona me tenia voluntad, y si me caia en gracia, me aficionaba tanto, que me ataba en gran manera la memoria á pensar en él, aunque no era con intencion de ofender á Dios; mas holgábame de verle, y de pensar en él, y en las cosas buenas que le via: era cosa tan dañosa, que me traia el alma harto perdida.

Despues que ví la gran hermosura del Señor, no via á nadie, que en su comparacion me pareciese bien ni me ocupase, que con poner un poco los ojos de la consideracion en la imágen, que tengo en mi alma, he quedado con tanta libertad en esto, que despues acá todo lo que veo me parece hace asco en comparacion de las ecelencias y gracias, que en este Señor via: ni hay saber, ni manera de regalo, que yo estime en nada, en comparacion del que es oir sola una palabra dicha de aquella divina boca, cuanti mas tantas. Y tengo yo por imposible, si el Señor por mis pecados no primite se me quite esta memoria, podérmela nadie ocupar, de suerte, que con un poquito de tornarme á acordar de este Señor no quede libre. Acaecióme con algun confesor, que siempre quiero mucho á los que gobiernan mi alma. Como los tomo en lugar de Dios tan de verdad, paréceme que es siempre donde mi voluntad mas se emplea, y como yo andaba con siguridad, mostrábales gracia; ellos como temerosos y siervos de Dios, temíanse no me asiese en alguna manera, y me atase á quererlos, aunque santamente, y mostrábanme desgracia. Esto era despues que yo estaba tan sujeta á obedecerlos, que antes no los cobraba ese amor. Yo me reia entre mí de ver cuan engañados estaban, aunque no todas veces trataba tan claro lo poco que me ataba á nadie, como lo tenia en mí, mas asigurábalos, y tratándome mas, conocian lo que debia á el Señor, que estas sospechas, que traian de mí, siempre eran á los principios. Comenzóme mucho mayor amor, y confianza de este Señor en viéndole, como 'con quien tenia conversacion tan continua. Via que aunque era Dios, que era hombre, que no se espanta de las flaquezas de los hombres, que entiende nuestra miserable compostura sujeta á muchas caidas, por el primer pecado que él habia venido á reparar.

Puedo tratar como con amigo, aunque es Señor, porque entiendo no es como los que acá tenemos por señores, que todo el señorío ponen en autoridades postizas. Ha de haber hora de hablar, y señaladas personas que les hablen: si es algun pobrecito, que tiene algun negocio, mas rodeos y favores y trabajos le ha de costar tratarlo. ¡Oh qué si es con el rey! Aquí no hay tocar gente pobre, y no caballerosa, sino preguntar quien son los mas privados; y á buen siguro, que no sean personas que tengan al mundo debajo de los piés, porque estos hablan verdades, que no temen ni deben: no son para palacio, que allí no se deben usar, sino callar lo que mal les parece, que aun pensarlo no deben osar, por no ser desfavorecidos.

¡Oh Rey de gloria, y Señor de todos los reyes, como no es vuestro reino armado de palillos, pues no tiene fin! ¡Cómo no son menester terceros para vos! Con mirar vuestra persona, se ve luego que sois solo el que mereceis que os llamen Señor. Sigun la majestad mostrais, no es menester gente de acompañamiento, ni de guarda, para que conozcan que sois Rey; porque acá un rey solo, mal se conocerá por sí: aunque él mas quiera ser conocido por rey, no le creerán, que no tiene mas que los otros; es menester que se vea por qué lo creer. Y ansí es razon tenga estas autoridades postizas, porque si no las tuviese, no le ternian en nada; porque no sale de sí el parecer poderoso, de otros le ha de venir la autoridad. ¡Oh Señor mio! ¡Oh Rey mio! ¿Quién supiera ahora representar la majestad que teneis?

Es imposible dejar de ver que sois grande Emperador en Vos mesmo, que espanta mirar esta majestad: mas, mas espanta.

Señor mio, mirar con ella vuestra humildad, y el amor que mostrais á una como yo. En todo se puede tratar y hablar con Vos como quisiéremos, perdido el primer espanto, y temor de ver vuestra majestad, con quedar mayor para no ofenderos, mas no por miedo del castigo, Señor mio, porque este no se tiene en nada, en comparacion de no perderos á Vos. Helaquí los provechos de esta vision, sin otros grandes que deja en el alma, si es de Dios, entiéndese por los efetos, cuando el alma tiene luz, porque como muchas veces he dicho, quiere el Señor que esté en tinieblas, y que no vea esta luz, y ansí no es mucho tema la que se ve tan ruin como yo.

No ha mas que ahora, que me ha acaecido estar ocho dias, que no parece habia en mí, ni podia tener conocimiento de lo que debo á Dios, ni acuerdo de las mercedes, sino tan embobada el alma, y puesta no sé en qué, ni cómo, no en malos pensamientos, mas para los buenos estaba tan inhábil, que me reia de mí, y gustaba de ver la bajeza de un alma, cuando no anda Dios siempre obrando en ella. Bien ve que no está sin El en este estado, que no es como los grandes trabajos que he dicho tengo algunas veces; mas aunque pone leña, y hace eso poco que puede de su parte, no hay arder el fuego de amor de Dios. Harta misericordia suya esque se ve el humo, para entender que no está del todo muerto: torna el Señor á acender, que entonces un alma, aunque se quiebre la cabeza en soplar, y en concertar los leños, parece que todo lo ahoga mas. Creo es lo mijor rendirse del todo á que no puede nada por sí sola, y entender en otras cosas, como he dicho, meritorias; porque por ventura le quita el Señor la oracion, para que entienda en ellas, y conozca por espiriencia lo poco que puede por sí.

Es cierto, que yo me he regalado hoy con el Señor, y atrevido á quejarme de su Majestad, y le he dicho —¿Cómo, Dios mio, qué no basta que me teneis en esta miserable vida, y que por amor de Vos paso por ello, y quiero vivir adonde todo es embarazos para no gozaros, sino que he de comer y dormir y negociar y tratar con todos, y todo lo paso por amor de Vos? Pues bien sabeis, Señor mio, que me es tormento grandísimo, y que tan poquitos ratos como me quedan ahora de Vos, os me ascondais. ¿Cómo se compadece esto en vuestra misericordia? ¿Cómo lo puede sufrir el amor que me teneis? Creo, Señor, que si fuera posible poderme asconder yo de Vos, como Vos de mí, que pienso, y creo del amor que me teneis, que no lo sufriérades: mas estaisos Vos conmigo, y véisme siempre; no se sufre estos Señor mio, suplicoos mireis, que se hace agravio á quien tanto os ama. Esto, y otras cosas me ha acaecido decir, entendiendo primero como era piadoso el lugar que tenia en el infierno para lo que merecia; mas algunas veces desatina tanto el amor, que no me siento, sino que en todo mi seso doy estas quejas, y todo me lo sufre el Señor: alabado sea tan buen Rey. ¿Llegáramos á los de la tierra con estos atrevimientos? Aun ya al rey no me maravillo que no se ose hablar, que es razon se tema, y á los señores que representan ser cabezas; mas está ya el mundo de manera, que habian de ser mas largas las vidas, para deprender los puntos y novedades y maneras que hay de crianza, si han de gastar algo de ella en servir á Dios: yo me santiguo de ver lo que pasa.

El caso es, que ya yo no sabia cómo vivir cuando aquí me metí; porque no se toma de burla cuando hay descuido en tratar con las gentes mucho mas que merecen, sino que tan de veras lo toman por afrenta, que es menester hacer satisfaciones de vuestra intencion, si hay, como digo, descuido, y aun plega á Dios lo crean.

Torno á decir, que cierto yo no sabia cómo vivir, porque se ve una pobre de alma fatigada. Ve que la mandan que ocupe siempre el pensamiento en Dios, y que es necesario traerle en El para librarse de muchos peligros. Por otro cabo ve que no cumple perder punto en puntos de mundo, so pena de no dejar de dar ocasion á que se tienten los que tienen su honra puesta en estos puntos. Traiame fatigada, y nunca acababa de hacer satisfaciones, porque no podia, aunque lo estudiaba, dejar de hacer muchas faltas en esto, que, como digo, no se tiene en el mundo por pequeña. Y es verdad, que en las religiones (que de razon habiamos en estos casos de estar disculpados) hay disculpa? : no, que dicen que los monesterios ha de ser corte de crianza, y de saberla. Yo cierto que no puedo entender esto. He pensado si dijo algun santo, que habia de ser corte para enseñar á los que quisiesen ser cortesanos del cielo, y lo han entendido al revés; porque traer este cuidado, quien es razon lo traya contino en contentar á Dios, y aborrecer el mundo, que le pueda traer tan grande en contentar á los que viven en él, en estas cosas que tantas veces se mudan, no sé cómo.

Aun si se pudieran deprender de una vez, pasará, mas aun para titulos de cartas es ya menester haya cátedra adonde se lea cómo se ha de hacer, á manera de decir, porque ya se deja papel de una parte, ya de otra, y, á quien no sé solia poner Manífico, háse de poner Ilustre. Yo no sé en que ha de parar, porque aun no he yo cincuenta años, y en lo que he vivido he visto tantas mudanzas, que no sé vivir. Pues los que ahora nacen, y vivieron muchos, ¿qué han de hacer? Por cierto yo he lástima á gente espiritual, que está obligada á estar en el mundo, por algunos santos fines, que es terrible la cruz que en esto llevan. Si se pudiesen concertar todos, y hacerse inorantes, y querer que los tengan por tales en estas ciencias, de mucho trabajo se quitarian. Mas ¡en qué boberias me he metido! : por tratar en las grandezas de Dios, he venido á hablar de las bajezas del mundo. Pues el Señor me ha hecho merced en haberle dejado, quiero ya salir de él: allá se avengan los que sustentan con tanto trabajo estas naderías.

Plega á Dios que en la otra vida, que es sin mudanzas, no las paguemos: amen.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Source reading "habin" is almost certainly a corruption of "había" ("had"); translated on that corrected sense. "Efetos" is an archaic/orthographic form of "efectos" ("effects").
  2. 2 ↩vuesas mercedes: polite address to her confessors/readers; rendered as 'your Reverences'.
  3. 3 ↩prendas: tokens/earnest of future glory; rendered 'pledges'.
  4. 4 ↩cuando el Señor es servido: Golden-Age idiom for when it pleases the Lord; rendered 'when the Lord is pleased to give'.
  5. 5 ↩quien tal le tenia en el infierno: taken as Teresa referring to herself as one who deserved hell.
  6. 6 ↩Source "cuanti mas" is period orthography for "cuanto más" ("how much more"); sense is clear.
  7. 7 ↩"me caía en gracia" here means the person pleased her / found favor with her, not theological grace (gratia).
  8. 8 ↩Source reading 'primite' treated as 'permite' ('allows'/'permits'); most plausible intended sense.
  9. 9 ↩'gracia' / 'desgracia' here are social favor and disfavor (warmth vs. coolness), not divine grace.
  10. 10 ↩Stray opening quote before 'con' in the source ('como 'con quien...) treated as punctuation noise; sense rendered as comparison 'as with One with whom...'
  11. 11 ↩autoridades postizas: artificial/sham authorities — the borrowed pomp and trappings by which earthly lords prop up their power (echoed again in 1.38.7).
  12. 12 ↩¡Oh qué si es con el rey! is an intensifying exclamation: how much harder still when the approach is to the king himself.
  13. 13 ↩privados: court favorites / intimate counselors of the king.
  14. 14 ↩tengan al mundo debajo de los piés: those who have the world under their feet — the detached who despise worldly favor.
  15. 15 ↩palillos: literally 'little sticks'; Teresa's image for the flimsy props of earthly kingship, contrasted with God's endless reign.
  16. 16 ↩terceros: intermediaries or court middlemen; rendered 'go-betweens' to keep Teresa's contrast with earthly access through favorites.
  17. 17 ↩Source 'Sigun' read as 'Según' ('according to' / 'given'); translating the corrected sense.
  18. 18 ↩Closing clause 'es menester que se vea por qué lo creer' is elliptical; rendered as the need for a visible ground of belief.
  19. 19 ↩autoridades postizas: false/artificial signs of authority; kept as 'artificial marks of authority' to match the preceding court contrast.
  20. 20 ↩espanta: Teresa's sense is holy dread/awe before divine majesty (cf. next section's espanto y temor), not mere surprise; rendered as 'strikes with awe' to keep that force.
  21. 21 ↩Spanish 'ella' continues the previous sentence's 'majestad': what awes still more is to look, together with that majesty, at God's humility and love.
  22. 22 ↩'tema' read as fear (temer): 'no es mucho [que] tema' = it is no wonder she fears.
  23. 23 ↩Subject shifts to the soul (third person), as often in Teresa; 'El' refers to God.
  24. 24 ↩Source 'esque' read as 'es que'; 'acender' as 'encender' (kindle).
  25. 25 ↩Source 'mijor' read as 'mejor'; 'espiriencia' as 'experiencia'; 'oracion' as 'oración'.
  26. 26 ↩me he regalado: period spiritual Spanish for taking delight / receiving consolation with the Lord, not mere self-indulgence.
  27. 27 ↩se compadece aquí: older Spanish for 'is compatible / can be reconciled with,' not 'has compassion.'
  28. 28 ↩piadoso: taken as 'merciful/lenient' of the hell she deserved relative to her deserts, not 'pious.'
  29. 29 ↩crianza: courtly breeding/manners/etiquette; deprender = aprender, 'learn.'
  30. 30 ↩"tratar con las gentes mucho más que merecen" read as dealing with people under courtly etiquette that demands far more ceremony than they deserve; "satisfaciones de vuestra intención" as apologies clearing one's intention after a perceived slight.
  31. 31 ↩Wordplay on punto/puntos: both 'not lose a point' and 'worldly points of honor/etiquette.' Rendered to keep both the exacting care and the social code in view.
  32. 32 ↩religiones here means religious orders/houses, not abstract 'religions.'
  33. 33 ↩Source 'deprender' is an older form of 'aprender' (to learn). 'Manífico' is Magnífico, a formal honorific title; 'Ilustre' is the next rung up in the same etiquette.
  34. 34 ↩'Cátedra' here is a teaching chair or formal lecture post — Teresa's wry point is that letter titles have become so fussy they need classroom instruction.
  35. 35 ↩Witness has 'vivieron' (lived); sense in context is prospective ('if they live long'). Translated for intended sense.
  36. 36 ↩'Inorantes' = ignorantes; 'quitarian' = quitarían. 'Estas ciencias' means these worldly arts of etiquette and titles, not academic sciences.
  37. 37 ↩'Haberle dejado' / 'salir de él': the pronoun points back to 'el mundo' (the world). 'Allá se avengan' is a dismissive idiom: let them settle it among themselves / manage as they can. 'Naderías' = trifles, nothings.
  38. 38 ↩Spanish 'las' most naturally points back to the worldly 'mudanzas' (and the related trifles) of the preceding section: the wish is that we not pay the price for those vanities in eternity.

The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion

A daily portion of stillness

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