Capítulo XIII
Warnings for Beginners
Teresa offers general warnings for those beginning prayer, emphasizing the need for joy, freedom, discretion, and holy confidence while avoiding false humility and fear.
She continues in this first state and offers warnings about some temptations the devil often plants, and she gives advice for dealing with them; it's very helpful. I've thought it good to speak of some temptations I've seen people face at the beginning (and I've had some of them myself), and to give a few warnings about things that seem necessary to me—because at the beginning one should try to walk with joy and freedom. There are some people who seem about to lose their devotion if they let themselves slip even a little. It's good to walk with a healthy fear of yourself, so you don't trust yourself at all—neither a little nor a lot—to put yourself in situations where you usually offend God. That's very necessary until you're already quite solid in virtue. And there aren't many who can be so firmly established that they can let their guard down in situations tailored to their natural bent.1 For as long as we live, even for the sake of humility, it's good to know our miserable nature. But there are many things where it's allowed (as I've said) to take some recreation—even so we can return to prayer stronger.2 In everything, discretion is needed. Have great confidence, because it's very important not to shrink your desires, but to believe this about God: that if we keep striving little by little—even if it isn't right away—we'll be able to reach what many saints reached with His favor. For if they had never resolved to desire it, and little by little to put it into practice, they wouldn't have risen to so high a state. His Majesty wants this, and He is a friend of courageous souls, so long as they go with humility and no confidence in themselves. And I haven't seen any of these remain low on this path—nor any cowardly soul, even under the shelter of humility, who in many years covers the ground these others cover in very few.3 It amazes me how much it helps on this path to take heart for great things. Even if the soul doesn't have the strength right away, it takes flight and gets far—though like a little bird with poor plumage, it tires and comes to rest.4
False Humility and Holy Boldness
Teresa warns against the devil's deception of false humility that discourages great desires, and encourages holy boldness in imitating the saints while maintaining true humility.
At other times, I often kept in mind what Saint Paul says—that everything is possible in God—while fully understanding that on my own I could do nothing. This helped me a great deal, as did the words of Saint Augustine: "Give me, Lord, what You command, and command what You will."5 I often thought that Saint Peter lost nothing by throwing himself into the sea, even though he was afraid afterward. These initial resolutions are a great thing, though in this early stage you need to proceed more carefully, guided by the discretion and judgment of a teacher. But you must ensure he isn't the kind who will teach you to be a toad, or be content with your soul showing itself only by catching lizards.6 Always keep humility before you, so you understand that these strengths aren't going to come from our own efforts. But we need to understand what this humility must be like, because I believe the devil does a great deal of harm to keep people who practice prayer from going very far: he makes them misunderstand humility, so that having great desires, wanting to imitate the saints, and longing to be martyrs all seem like pride to us. Then he tells us—or makes us think—that the saints' deeds are meant to be admired, but not practiced by sinners like us. I say this too, but we have to see which things are meant to astonish us and which to imitate, because it wouldn't be right if a weak and sick person took on many fasts and harsh penances, going off into a desert where they could neither sleep nor find anything to eat, or anything of that kind.7 But as for thinking we can strive, with God's favor, to hold the world in great contempt, to care nothing for honor, and not to be tied to our property—we have hearts so tight and anxious that it seems the ground will give way under us if we try to neglect the body a little and give ourselves to the spirit. So it seems that having what we need well secured helps recollection, because cares unsettle prayer. This grieves me: that we have so little trust in God and so much self-love that this worry unsettles us. And that's how it is: where the spirit has made as little progress as this, trifles give us as much trouble as great and weighty things give others; and in our own minds we fancy ourselves spiritual people.8 It seems to me now that this way of walking is wanting to arrange body and soul so as not to lose ease here and still enjoy God hereafter; and so it will turn out if one walks in justice and we hold fast to virtue—but it's a hen's pace, and you'll never reach freedom of spirit that way.9 It seems to me a very good way of going for the married state, who have to walk according to their calling; but for another state I by no means want such a way of making progress, nor will anyone make me believe it's good, because I've tried it. And I would always have stayed that way, if the Lord in his goodness had not taught me another shortcut.
Overcoming Fear for Health
Teresa shares her personal struggle with anxiety about health and the devil's temptation to fear bodily harm, and her resolution to trust God and embrace the cross.
Although I always had great desires, what I actually pursued was what I've already said: to keep up prayer, yet live as I pleased. I believe that if there had been someone to draw me up to fly higher, that person would have helped me so that these desires would have been put into action; but because of our sins, there are so few—so scarce—who are not overly cautious in this matter, and I think that is more than enough reason why those who are beginning don't advance more quickly to great perfection. For the Lord never fails, and there is never any lack on His side: we are the ones who fall short and are wretched.10 We can also imitate the saints in seeking solitude and silence and many other virtues—these wretched bodies of ours won't kill us, though they want to be so carefully pampered that they throw the soul into confusion; and the devil helps a great deal to make them unfit. When he sees even a little fear, he wants nothing more than to make us believe that everything is going to kill us and take away our health: even shedding tears he makes us afraid of going blind. I've been through this, and that's why I know it; and I don't know what better eyesight or health we could want than to lose it for such a cause. Since I'm so sickly, until I resolved not to pay attention to the body or to my health, I was always tied down and good for nothing; and even now I do very little. But since God wanted me to see through this trick of the devil, whenever he tried to put the loss of my health before me, I would say: it doesn't matter if I die—rest, indeed! I don't need rest anymore, but the cross! And it was the same with other things. I saw clearly that in many cases—even though I am actually quite sickly—it was a temptation of the devil or my own weakness; because since I am no longer so carefully watched over and pampered, I have much better health. So in the early stages of beginning prayer, it matters a great deal not to let your thoughts intimidate you; and believe me on this, because I know it from experience. And so that others may take warning from me, it might even help to share these faults of mine.
Temptations of Zeal and False Grief
Teresa warns against the temptation to want everyone to be spiritual and the false grief over others' sins, urging souls to focus on their own progress and cover others' defects.
Another temptation that soon becomes very common is wanting everyone to be very spiritual, once they begin to taste the quiet and the gain there is in it. Wanting it isn't wrong; trying to bring it about might not be good, unless there's a great deal of discretion and tact in going about it so they don't seem to be teaching — because anyone who is going to do any good in this case needs to have very strong virtues, so as not to become a temptation to others.11 It happened to me — and that's why I understand it — when (as I've said) I was trying to get other women to take up prayer: on the one hand they saw me speaking great things about how good it was to have prayer, and on the other they saw me keeping it with a great poverty of virtues, and it left them tempted and bewildered; and with good reason, as they've later come to tell me, because they didn't know how the one could go with the other. And it was a cause of their not taking for bad what was bad in itself, seeing that I did it sometimes when they thought reasonably well of me.12 And this is what the devil does: he seems to make use of the good virtues we have in order to authorize, as far as he can, the evil he intends — which, however little it may be, when it is in a community must gain him a great deal; all the more so since what I was doing wrong was very great. And so for many years only three people benefited from what I was telling them; and after the Lord had given me more strength in virtue, many benefited in two or three years, as I'll say later.13 And besides this there's another great danger, which is losing the soul; because the main thing we ought to seek at the beginning is only to take care of oneself alone, and to act as if there were no one on earth but God and that soul — and this is what suits it very much. There's another temptation — and they all come disguised as zeal for virtue (so we need to understand this clearly and be careful) — grief over the sins and faults people see in others. The devil presents it as nothing but sorrow at wanting others not to offend God, and grieving for His honor — and then they want to fix it: this unsettles them so much that it hinders prayer; and the greatest harm is thinking that this is virtue, perfection, and great zeal for God. I'm setting aside the distress that public sins cause — if they were habitual in a congregation — or harm to the Church, or these heresies where we see so many souls being lost; for that grief is very good, and because it is good, it doesn't disturb the soul.14 So what's safest for the soul that has prayer is to stop concerning itself with everything and everyone, attend to itself, and please God. This matters a great deal, because if I had to tell of the mistakes I've seen happen from trusting in a good intention, I'd never finish. So let's always try to look at the virtues and good things we see in others, and cover their defects with our own great sins. It is a way of acting that, even if at first it isn't done perfectly, leads you to gain a great virtue — namely, considering everyone better than yourself — and you begin to gain it this way with God's favor (which is needed in everything, and when it is lacking, our efforts are useless), and by begging Him to give us this virtue, which fails no one if we do our part.✦15 Those who reason a great deal with the intellect, drawing many things from one thing and many concepts, should also heed this warning. As for those who cannot work with the intellect, as was true of me, there's no need to warn them — only that they have patience until the Lord gives them something to occupy themselves with, and light, since they can do so little on their own that their intellect hinders them more than it helps them.
The Prayer of Simple Regard and the Need for a Director
Teresa advises those who reason discursively to rest in simple regard of Christ, and stresses the importance of an experienced director who understands diverse paths and the balance of self-knowledge.
So, returning to those who reason discursively, I say they shouldn't let their time slip away on this; because although it is very meritorious, it doesn't feel to them like delightful prayer—they don't think there should be a Sunday, or any stretch of time that isn't work.16 Then it seems to them that the time is wasted, and I for my part count this “loss” a great gain; rather, as I have said, let them set themselves before Christ and, without wearying their intellect, keep speaking and delighting with Him—not wearing themselves out composing arguments, but presenting their needs, and the reason He has for not putting up with us there.17 One thing at one time and the other at another, so the soul doesn't grow tired of always eating the same food. These are very delightful and profitable; if the taste grows used to feeding on that, they bring with them great nourishment to give life to the soul, and many gains.18 I want to explain more, because all these things about prayer are difficult, and if you don't find a teacher, they're very hard to understand; and that means that even though I would have liked to be brief—and for the good understanding of the one who ordered me to write these things about prayer, it would have been enough just to touch on them—my dullness won't let me say or make clear in a few words something that is so important to explain well. For since I went through so much myself, I feel sorry for those who begin with books alone, because it's strange how differently things are understood from what you see after you've experienced them.19 So turning back to what I was saying: we set ourselves to think about a scene from the Passion—say, when the Lord was at the pillar—and the understanding goes searching for the reasons that make clear in that scene the great pains and the sorrow His Majesty would have felt in that loneliness, and many other things that an industrious understanding can draw from this. Or again, if a person is learned, this is the kind of prayer everyone ought to begin and continue and finish with—and a very excellent and sure path—until the Lord leads them on to other supernatural things.20 I say everyone, because there are many souls who profit more from other meditations than from meditation on the sacred Passion.21 For just as there are many dwelling places in heaven, there are many paths. Some people benefit by considering themselves in hell, and others by considering themselves in heaven—and thinking of hell distresses some; others benefit from meditating on death; some, if they're tender-hearted, grow very weary of always thinking about the Passion, and find delight and profit in looking at God's power and greatness in created things, and at the love He has had for us, which is shown in everything; and that is an admirable way to proceed, without often leaving aside the Passion and life of Christ, which is where all good has come to us and still comes from.22 Anyone just starting out needs guidance to see what helps them most. For this, a director is essential—provided they're experienced. If they aren't, they can go badly wrong and lead a soul without understanding her or letting her understand herself. Because she knows there's great merit in being obedient to a director, she doesn't dare step outside what she's told to do.23 I've come across souls hemmed in and distressed because the one teaching them had no experience — they moved me to pity — and one who no longer knew what to do with herself; because, not understanding the spirit, they afflict soul and body and hinder progress. One woman spoke with me whom her director had kept bound for eight years, refusing to let her move beyond self-knowledge; and the Lord already had her in the prayer of quiet, and so she suffered a great deal.24 Although this practice of self-knowledge must never be abandoned—and there isn't a soul on this path so advanced that she doesn't often need to return to being a child and nursing (and never forget this; I'll say it again, because it matters greatly)—there is no state of prayer so high that it isn't often necessary to return to the beginning.✦ This matter of one's sins and self-knowledge is the bread with which all other foods on this path of prayer must be eaten, no matter how delicate they are; without this bread, they couldn't be sustained. But it has to be eaten in moderation: once a soul sees herself surrendered, clearly understands she has nothing good of her own, feels ashamed before such a great King, and sees how little she offers Him compared to what she owes Him—what need is there to dwell on it? Instead, we should move on to other things the Lord sets before us, and it isn't right to set them aside; His Majesty knows better than we do what is fitting for us to eat.
The Value of Learned Directors
Teresa extols the importance of learning in a director, warns against unlearned guides, and expresses gratitude for learned religious who support the Church.
So it matters a great deal for the director to be shrewd — I mean, with sound judgment — and to have experience; if he also has learning, that's of the greatest consequence. But if these three things can't be found together, the first two matter more, because they can seek out learned men to consult with when they need to.25 I mean that in the early stages, if they don't have prayer, learning is of little use. I'm not saying they shouldn't consult learned men — because for a spirit that hasn't begun in truth, I'd rather it go without prayer — and learning is a great thing, because it teaches those of us who know little and gives us light; and once we've come to the truths of Sacred Scripture, we do what we ought. May God deliver us from foolish devotions.26 I want to explain myself further, for I think I'm getting into a great many things. I've always had this fault of not knowing how to make myself understood, as I've said, except at the cost of many words. A nun begins to practice prayer; if some simple, unlearned man directs her, and the notion takes him, he'll make her think it's better to obey him than her superior — and without malice on his part, but thinking he's right. For if she isn't in religious life, it will seem to her that this is right; and if she's a married woman, he'll tell her that when she ought to be attending to her household, it's better to stay in prayer, even if it displeases her husband. So, because he himself lacks the light, he doesn't know how to order time and affairs so they go according to truth, and he doesn't give that light to others even if he wants to.27 And although learning isn't needed for this, my opinion has always been, and will be, that every Christian should try to deal with someone who has good learning, if possible, and the more the better; and those who walk the path of prayer have a greater need of this, and the more spiritual they are, the more they need it. And don't let yourselves be deceived by saying that learned people without prayer aren't suited for someone who has it: I've dealt with plenty of them, because for some years now I've sought this out all the more in my greatest need, and I've always been a friend of theirs; for although some don't have experience, they don't hate the spirit or remain ignorant of it, because in the Sacred Scripture they study they always find the truth of the good spirit. I'm convinced that a person of prayer who deals with the learned, if she doesn't want to deceive herself, won't be deceived by the devil with illusions, because I believe demons greatly fear humble and virtuous learning, and they know they'll be exposed and come out the losers.28 I've said this because there are opinions that learned men aren't suited for people of prayer unless they themselves have the spirit. I've already said a spiritual master is needed; but if he isn't learned, that's a serious drawback. And it will be a great help to deal with them, provided they are virtuous; even if they don't have the spirit, it will still benefit me, and God will give him understanding of what he must teach, and even make him spiritual so that he can help us — and I don't say this without having tried it, for it has happened to me with more than two.29 I say that when a soul is ready to surrender itself entirely and be subject to only one master, it errs greatly if it doesn't try to make sure he is the right kind; if the person is a religious, he already has to be subject to his superior, who may well lack all three things — and that will be no small cross — without also freely subjecting his understanding to someone who doesn't have a sound one: at least I myself have never been able to bring myself to that, nor does it seem right to me.3031 So if he is a layperson, let him praise God that he can choose whom he will be subject to, and not lose so virtuous a freedom; rather, let him go without any director until he finds one, for the Lord will give him one, provided everything is grounded in humility and in the desire to get it right. I praise Him greatly, and we women and those who don't know letters ought always to give Him endless thanks that there are people who, through so much hard work, have reached the truth that we who are ignorant don't know.32 I'm often amazed at learned men—religious in particular—by the hard work with which they've earned what benefits me with no effort of my own beyond asking them about it. And to think there are people who don't want to take advantage of this! God forbid.33 I see them subject to the hardships of the religious life, which are great—with penances and poor food—subject to obedience (which sometimes, certainly, puts me to great shame); with this, poor sleep, all hardship, all cross: it seems to me it would be a great evil if anyone, through their own fault, lost so much good. And it may be that some of us think we're free of these hardships, and that it's all handed to us ready-made (as they say) while we live as we please—that because we have a little more prayer we must surpass so many hardships.34 Blessed are You, Lord, who made me so incapable and useless; yet I praise You very much, because You awaken so many who awaken us. Our prayer for those who give us light ought to be very continual. What would we be without them, amid such great storms as the Church is facing now?35 And if there have been some who were base, the good will still shine.✦36 May the Lord be pleased to hold them in His hand and help them, so that they may help us. Amen.
Returning to Meditation on Christ
Teresa returns to the practice of meditation on Christ at the pillar, encouraging a simple, loving presence rather than discursive reasoning, and closes the chapter.
I've gone a long way off from what I began to say; but it all serves a purpose for those who are beginning, so that they start such a high path in a way that keeps them set on the true path. So, returning to what I was saying about thinking of Christ at the pillar: it's good to reflect for a while and think of the sufferings He had there, and why He had them, and who it is that had them, and the love with which He endured them; but don't always tire yourself out going about searching for this — rather stay there with Him, with the understanding quieted.37 If you can, occupy it in looking at how He looks at you, and accompany Him, and ask; humble yourself and take delight with Him, and remember that you did not deserve to be there.38 When you can do this, even at the very beginning of prayer, you'll find great benefit, and this way of praying brings many benefits: at least my soul found that it did. I don't know whether I'm saying it rightly. Your Reverence will see; may it please the Lord that I always succeed in pleasing Him.39 Amen.
Read the original Spanish
Prosigue en este primer estado y pone avisos para algunas tentaciones que el demonio suele poner algunas veces, y da avisos para ellas; es muy provechoso.
Háme parecido decir algunas tentaciones, que he visto que se tienen á los principios (y algunas he tenido yo) y dar algunos avisos de cosas que me parecen necesarias, pues procúrese á los principios andar con alegría y libertad; que hay algunas personas, que parece se les ha de ir la devocion, si se descuidan un poco. Bien es andar con temor de sí, para no se fiar poco ni mucho de ponerse en ocasion donde suele ofender á Dios, que esto es muy necesario, hasta estar ya muy entero en la virtud. Y no hay muchos que lo puedan estar tanto, que en ocasiones aparejadas á su natural se puedan descuidar. Que siempre, mientras vivimos, aun por humildad, es bien conocer nuestra miserable naturaleza; mas hay muchas cosas adonde se sufre (como he dicho) tomar recreacion, aun para tornar á la oracion mas fuertes. En todo es menester discrecion. Tener gran confianza, porque conviene mucho no apocar los deseos, sino creer de Dios, que si nos esforzamos poco á poco, aunque no sea luego, podrémos llegar á lo que muchos santos con su favor; que si ellos nunca se determinaran á desearlo, y poco á poco á ponerlo por obra, no subieran á tan alto estado. Quiere su Majestad, y es amigo de ánimas animosas, como vayan con humildad y ninguna confianza de sí, y no he visto ninguna de estas que quede baja en este camino y ningun alma cobarde, aun con amparo de humildad, que en muchos años ande lo que estos otros en muy pocos. Espántame lo mucho que hace en este camino animarse á grandes cosas; aunque luego no tenga fuerzas el alma da un vuelo, y llega á mucho, aunque como avecita, que tiene pelo malo, cansa y queda.
Otro tiempo traia yo delante muchas veces lo que dice san Pablo, que todo se puede en Dios: en mi bien entendia no podia nada. Esto me aprovechó mucho, y lo que dice san Agustin: Dame, Señor, lo que me mandas y manda lo que quisieres. Pensaba muchas veces que no habia perdido nada san Pedro en arrojarse en la mar, aunque despues temió. Estas primeras determinaciones son gran cosa, aunque en este primer estado es menester irse mas deteniendo, y atados á la discrecion y parecer de maestro: mas han de mirar que sea tal, que no los enseñe á ser sapos, ni que se contente con que se muestre el alma á solo cazar lagartijas. Siempre la humildad delante, para entender que no han de venir estas fuerzas de las nuestras.
Mas es, menester entendamos cómo ha de ser esta humildad; porque creo el demonio hace mucho daño, para no ir muy adelante gente que tiene oracion, con hacerlos entender mal de la humildad, haciendo que nos parezca soberbia tener grandes deseos, y querer imitar á los santos y desear ser mártires. Luego nos dice, ú hace entender que las cosas de los santos son para admirar, mas no para hacerlas los que somos pecadores. Esto tambien lo digo yo, mas hemos de mirar cuál es de espantar y cuál de imitar, porque no seria bien, si una persona flaca y enferma se pusiese en muchos ayunos y pendencias ásperas, yéndose á un desierto, adonde ni pudiera dormir, ni tuviese que comer, ú cosas semejantes.
Mas pensar que nos podemos esforzar, con el favor de Dios, á tener un gran desprecio de mundo, un no estimar honra, un no estar atado á la hacienda: que tenemos unos corazones tan apretados, que parece nos ha de faltar la tierra, en queriéndonos descuidar un poco del cuerpo, y dar al espíritu. Luego parece ayuda á el recogimiento, tener muy bien lo que es menester, porque los cuidados inquietan á la oracion. De esto me pesa á mí, que tengamos tan poca confianza de Dios y tanto amor propio, que nos inquiete ese cuidado. Y es ansí, que donde está tan poco medrado el espíritu como esto, unas naderías nos dan tan gran trabajo, como á otros cosas grandes y de mucho tomo; y en nuestro seso presumimos de espirituales. Paréceme ahora á mí esta manera de caminar un querer concertar cuerpo y alma, para no perder acá el descanso y gozar allá de Dios; y ansí será ello si se anda en justicia, y vamos asidos á virtud: mas es paso de gallina, nunca con él se llegará a libertad de espíritu. Manera de proceder muy buena me parece para estado de casados, que han de ir conforme á su llamamiento; mas para otro estado, en ninguna manera deseo tal manera de aprovechar, ni me harán creer es buena, porque la he probado. Y siempre me estuviera ansí, si el Señor por su bondad no me enseñara otro atajo.
Aunque en esto de deseos siempre los tuve grandes, mas procuraba esto, que he dicho, tener oracion, mas vivir á mi placer. Creo, si hubiera quien me sacara á volar mas, me hubiera puesto en que estos deseos fueran con obra; mas hay por nuestros pecados, tan pocos, tan contados, que no tengan discrecion demasiada en este caso, que creo es harta causa, para que los que comienzan no vayan mas presto á gran perfecion; porque el Señor nunca falta ni queda por él: nosotros somos los faltos y miserables.
Tambien se pueden imitar los santos en procurar soledad y silencio y otras muchas virtudes, que no nos matarán estos negros cuerpos, que tan concertadamente se quieren llevar, para desconcertar el alma; y el demonio ayuda mucho á hacerlos inhábiles. Cuando ve un poco de temor, no quiere él mas para hacernos entender, que todo nos ha de matar y quitar la salud: hasta en tener lágrimas nos hace temer de cegar. He pasado por esto, y por eso lo sé; y no sé yo qué mijor vista ni salud podemos desear, que pederla por tal causa. Como soy tan enferma, hasta que me determiné en no hacer caso del cuerpo ni de la salud, siempre estuve atada sin valer nada; y ahora hago bien poco.
Mas como quiso Dios entendiese este ardid del demonio, y como me ponía delante el perder la salud, decía yo poco va en que me muera: si ¡el descanso! no he ya menester descanso, sino cruz! ansí otras cosas. Vi claro, que en muy muchas, aunque yo de hecho soy harto enferma, que era tentación del demonio ó flojedad mia; que despues que no estoy tan mirada y regalada, tengo mucha mas salud. Ansí que va mucho á los principios de comenzar oracion, á no amilanar los pensamientos; y créanme esto, porque lo tengo por expiriencia. Y para que escarmienten en mí, aun podria aprovechar decir estas mis faltas.
Otra tentacion es luego muy ordinaria, que es desear, que todos sean muy espirituales, como comienzan á gustar del sosiego y ganancia que es. El desearlo no es malo, el procurarlo podria ser no bueno, si no hay mucha discrecion y disimulacion en hacerse de manera, que no parezca enseñan; porque quien hubiere de hacer algun provecho en este caso, es menester que tenga las virtudes muy fuertes para que no dé tentacion á los otros. Acaecióme á mí, y por eso lo entiendo, cuando (como he dicho) procuraba que otras tuviesen oracion, que como por una parte me vian hablar grandes cosas del gran bien que era tener oracion, y por otra parte me vian con gran pobreza de virtudes tenerla yo, traíalas tentadas y desatinadas; y con harta razon, que despues me lo han venido á decir; porque no sabian cómo se podia compadecer lo uno con lo otro: y era causa de no tener por malo lo que de suyo lo era, por ver que le hacia yo algunas veces, cuando les parecia algo bien de mí. Y esto hace el demonio, que parece se ayuda de las virtudes, que tenemos buenas, para autorizar en lo que puede el mal que pretende, que por poco que sea, cuando es en una comunidad debe ganar mucho; cuanti mas, que lo que yo hacia malo, era muy mucho, y ansí en muchos años solas tres se aprovecharon de lo que les decia; y despues que el Señor me habia dado mas fuerzas en la virtud, se aprovecharon en dos ó tres años muchas, como despues diré. Y sin esto hay otro gran inconveniente, que es perder el alma; porque lo mas que hemos de procurar al principio es solo tener cuidado de sí sola, y hacer cuenta que no hay en la tierra sino Dios y ella; y esto es lo que le conviene mucho.
Da otra tentacion, y todas van con celo de virtud (que es menester entenderse y andar con cuidado) de pena de los pecados y faltas que ven en los otros. Pone el demonio, que es sola pena de querer que no ofendan á Dios, y pesarle por su honra, y luego querrian remediarlo: inquieta esto tanto, que impide la oracion; y el mayor daño es pensar, que es virtud y perfecion y gran celo de Dios. Dejo las penas que dan pecados públicos, si los hubiese en costumbre, de una congregacion, ú daños de la ilesia, de estas herejías, adonde vemos perder tantas almas; que esta es muy buena, y como lo es buena, no inquieta. Pues lo seguro será del alma que tuviere oracion, descuidarse de todo y de todos, y tener cuenta consigo, y contentar á Dios. Esto conviene muy mucho, porque si hubiese de decir los yerros que he visto suceder, fiando en la buena intencion, nunca acabaría. Pues procuremos siempre mirar las virtudes y cosas buenas, que viéremos en los otros, y atapar sus defetos con nuestros grandes pecados. Es una manera de obrar, que aunque luego no se haga con perfecion, se viene á ganar una gran virtud, que es, tener á todos por mijores que nosotros, y comiénzase á ganar por aquí con el favor de Dios (que es menester en todo, y cuando falta, excusadas son las diligencias), y suplicarle nos dé esta virtud, que con que las hagamos, no falta á nadie. Miren tambien este aviso los que discurren mucho con el entendimiento, sacando muchas cosas de una cosa, y muchos concetos, que, de los que no pueden obrar con él, como yo hacia, no hay que avisar, sino que tengan paciencia hasta que el Señor les dé en que se ocupen y luz, pues ellos pueden tan poco por sí, que antes los embaraza su entendimiento que los ayuda.
Pues tornando á los que discurren, digo que no se les vaya el tiempo en esto; porque aunque es muy' meritorio, no les parece, como es oración sabrosa, que ha de haber día de domingo, ni rato que no sea trabajar. Luego les parece es perdido el tiempo, y tengo yo por muy ganada esta pérdida; sino que, como he dicho, se representen delante de Cristo, y, sin cansancio del entendimiento, se estén hablando y regalando con El, sin cansarse en componer razones, sino presentar necesidades, y la razón que tiene para no nos sufrir allí. Lo uno un tiempo y lo otro otro, porque no se canse el alma de comer siempre un manjar. Estos son muy gustosos y provechosos; si el gusto se usa á comer de eso: train consigo gran sustentamiento para dar vida á el alma, y muchas ganancias.
Quiérome declarar mas, porque estas cosas de oración todas son dificultosas, y, si no se halla maestro, muy malas de entender; y esto hace, que aunque quisiera abreviar, y bastaba para el entendimiento bueno de quien me mandó escribir estas cosas de oración solo tocarlas, mi torpeza no da lugar á decir, y á dar á entender en pocas palabras, cosa que tanto importa declararla bien. Que como yo pasé tanto, he lástima á los que comienzan con solos libros, que es cosa extraña cuán diferentemente se entiende de lo que despues de expirimentado se ve. Pues tornando á lo que decia, ponémonos á pensar un paso de la Pasion (digamos el de cuando estaba el Señor á la coluna), anda el entendimiento buscando las causas que allí dan á entender los dolores grandes y pena que su Majestad ternia en aquella soledad y otras muchas cosas, que si el entendimiento es obrador, podrá sacar de aquí: ó que si es letrado, es el modo de oracion en que han de comenzar y de mediar y acabar todos, y muy ecelente y siguro camino, hasta que el Señor los lleve á otras cosas sobrenaturales. Digo todos, porque hay muchas almas que aprovechan mas en otras meditaciones que en la de la sagrada Pasion.
Que ansí como hay muchas moradas en el cielo, hay muchos caminos. Algunas personas aprovechan considerándose en el infierno, y otras en el cielo, y se afligen en pensar en el infierno; otras en la muerte; algunas, si son tiernas de corazon, se fatigan mucho de pensar siempre en la Pasion, y se regalan y aprovechan en mirar el poder y grandeza de Dios en las criaturas, y el amor que nos tuvo, que en todas las cosas se representa; y es admirable manera de proceder, no dejando muchas veces la Pasion y vida de Cristo, que es de donde nos ha venido y viene todo el bien.
Há menester aviso el que comienza para mirar en lo que aprovecha mas. Para esto es muy necesario el maestro, si es expirimentado; que si no, mucho puede errar, y traer un alma sin entenderla ni dejarla á sí mesma entender; porque como sabe que es gran mérito estar sujeta á maestro, no osa salir de lo que se le manda. Yo he topado almas acorraladas y afligidas, por no tener expiriencia quien las enseñaba, que me hacian lástima, y alguna que no sabia ya qué hacer de sí; porque no entendiendo el espíritu, afligen alma y cuerpo, y estorban el aprovechamiento. Una trató conmigo, que la tenia el maestro atada ocho años habia, á que no la dejaba salir de propio conocimiento, y teníala ya el Señor en oracion de quietud, y ansí pasaba mucho trabajo. Y aunque esto del conocimiento propio jamás se ha de dejar, ni hay alma en este camino tan gigante, que no haya menester muchas veces tornar á ser niño y á mamar (y esto jamás se olvide, que quizá lo diré mas veces, porque importa mucho), porque no hay estado de oracion tan subido, que muchas veces no sea necesario tornar al principio. Y esto de los pecados y conocimiento propio es el pan con que todos los manjares se han de comer, por delicados que sean en este camino de oracion, y sin este pan no se podrian sustentar; mas háse de comer con tasa, que despues que un alma se ve ya rendida y entiende claro no tiene cosa buena de sí, y se ve avergonzada delante de tan gran Rey, y ve lo poco que le paga para lo mucho que le debe ¿qué necesidad hay de gastar el tiempo aquí? sino irnos á otras cosas, que el Señor pone delante, y no es razon las dejemos; que su Majestad sabe mijor que nosotros de lo que nos conviene comer.
Ansí que importa mucho ser el maestro avisado, digo de buen entendimiento, y que tenga expiriencia: si con esto tiene letras, es de grandísimo negocio. Mas si no se pueden hallar estas tres cosas juntas, las dos primeras importan mas, porque letrados pueden procurar para comunicarse con ellos cuando tuvieren necesidad. Digo que á los principios, si no tienen oracion, aprovechan poco letras. No digo que no traten con letrados, porque espíritu que no vaya comenzado en verdad, yo mas le querria sin oracion: y es gran cosa letras, porque estas nos enseñan á los que poco sabemos y nos dan luz; y llegados á verdades de la Sagrada Escritura, hacemos lo que debemos: de devociones á bobas nos libre Dios. Quiérome declarar mas, que creo me meto en muchas cosas. Siempre tuve esta falta de no me saber dar á entender, como he dicho, sino á costa de muchas palabras. Comienza una monja á tener oracion, si un simple la gobierna, y se le antoja, harále entender que es mejor que le obedezca á él, que no á su superior, y sin malicia suya, sino pensando, acierta. Porque si no es de religion, parecerle ha, es ansí; y si es mujer casada dirála, que es mijor cuando ha de entender en su casa, estarse en oracion, aunque descontente á su marido: ansí que no sabe ordenar el tiempo ni las cosas para que vayan conforme á verdad por faltarle á él la luz, no la da á los otros aunque quiera.
Y aunque para esto no son menester letras, mi opinion ha sido siempre, y será, que cualquier cristiano procure tratar con quien las tenga buenas, si se puede, y mientras mas mijor; y los que van por camino de oracion, tienen desto mayor necesidad, y mientras mas espirituales, mas. Y no se engañen con decir que letrados sin oracion no son para quien la tiene: yo he tratado hartos, porque de unos años acá lo he mas procurado con la mayor necesidad, y siempre fuí amiga dellos, que aunque algunos no tienen expiriencia, no aborrecen el espíritu ni le ignoran; porque en la Sagrada Escritura que tratan, siempre hallan la verdad del buen espíritu. Tengo para mí que persona de oracion, que trate con letrados, si ella no se quiere engañar, no la engañará el demonio con ilusiones, porque ereo temen en gran manera las letras humildes y virtuosas, y saben serán descubiertos y saldrán con pérdida.
He dicho esto, porque hay opiniones de que no son letrados para gente de oracion, si no tienen espíritu. Ya dije es menester espiritual maestro; mas si este no es letrado, gran inconveniente es. Y será mucha ayuda tratar con ellos, como sean virtuosos; aunque no tengan espíritu, me aprovechará y Dios le dará á entender lo ha de enseque ñar, y aun le hará espiritual, para que nos aproveche: y esto no lo digo sin haberlo probado, y acaecídome á mí con mas de dos. Digo, que para rendirse un alma del todo á estar sujeta á solo un maestro, que yerra mucho, en no procurar que sea tal, si es religioso, pues ha de estar sujeto á su perlado, que por ventura le faltarán todas tres cosas, que no será pequeña cruz, sin que él de su voluntad sujete su entendimiento, á quien no le tenga bueno: al menos esto no lo he yo podido acabar conmigo ni me parece conviene. Pues si es seglar alabe á Dios, que puede escoger á quien ha de estar sujeto, y no pierda esta tan virtuosa libertad; antes esté sin ninguno hasta hallarle, que el Señor se le dará, como vaya fundado todo en humildad y con deseo de acertar. Yo le alabo mucho, y las mujeres y los que no saben letras, le habíamos siempre de dar infinitas gracias; porque haya quien con tantos trabajos hayan alcanzado la verdad, que los inorantes inoramos.
Espántanme muchas veces letrados (religiosos en especial) con el trabajo que han ganado lo que sin ninguno, mas de preguntarlo, me aprovecha á mí. ¡Y que haya personas que no quieran aprovecharse de esto! No plega á Dios. Véolos sujetos á los trabajos de la religión, que son grandes con penitencias y mal comer, sujetos á la obediencia (que algunas veces me es gran confusion, cierto); con esto mal dormir, todo trabajo, todo cruz: paréceme seria gran mal, que tanto bien ninguno por su culpa lo pierda. Y podrá ser que pensemos algunos que estamos libres de estos trabajos, y nos lo dan guisado (como dicen) y viviendo á nuestro placer; que por tener un poco mas de oracion nos hemos de aventajar á tantos trabajos. Bendito seais vos, Señor, que tan inhábil y sin provecho me hecistes; mas aláboos muy mucho, porque despertais á tantos que nos despierten. Habia de ser muy contina nuestra oracion, por estos que nos dan luz. ¿Qué seriamos sin ellos, entre tan grandes tempestades como ahora tiene la ilesia?
Y si algunos ha habido ruines, mas resplandecerán los buenos. Plega al Señor los tenga de su mano y los ayude, para que nos ayuden, amen.
Mucho he salido de propósito de lo que comencé á decir; mas todo es propósito para los que comienzan, que comiencen camino tan alto, de manera que vayan puestos en verdadero camino. Pues tornando á lo que decia, de pensar á Cristo á la coluna, es bueno discurrir un rato, y pensar las penas que allí tuvo, y por qué las tuvo, y quién es el que las tuvo, y el amor con que las pasó; mas no se canse siempre en andar á buscar esto, sino que se esté allí con él, acallado el entendimiento. Si pudiere, ocuparle en que mire que le mira, y le acompañe, y pida; humíllese y regálese con él, y acuérdese que no merecia estar allí.
Cuando pudiere hacer esto, aunque sea al principio de comenzar la oracion, hallará grande provecho, y hace muchos provechos esta manera de oracion: al menos hallóle mi alma. No sé si acierto á decirlo. Vuesa merced lo verá: plega al Señor acierte á contentarle siempre. Amen.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Phil.2.3 — Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count others as more important than yourselves.
- ↩Matt.18.3;1Cor.3.1-1Cor.3.2;Heb.5.12-Heb.5.13 — And he said, "Truly I tell you, unless you turn and become like the children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven." 1Cor.3.1 — And I, brothers, was not able to speak to you as spiritual people, but as fleshly, as infants in Christ. 1Cor.3.2 — I gave you milk to drink, not solid food, for you were not yet able. But indeed, even now you are not able, Heb.5.12 — For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you still need someone to teach you the basic principles of the oracles of God. You need milk, not solid food. Heb.5.13 — For everyone who lives on milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is an infant.
- ↩Matt.13.43;Dan.12.3 — Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father. Let the one who has ears, hear. Dan.12.3 — And those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the sky, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever.
Notes
- 1 ↩"aparejadas á su natural": occasions fitted/suited to one's natural inclination or temperament.
- 2 ↩"se sufre": here "it is permitted / allowable," not "one suffers."
- 3 ↩"Quiere su Majestad" taken as "His Majesty wants this" (the great confidence / undiminished desires of the prior sentence); "como vayan" as conditional "so long as / provided that."
- 4 ↩"avecita, que tiene pelo malo": little bird with sparse/poor feathers (not fully fledged); image of limited natural strength.
- 5 ↩Augustine's Confessions petition (da quod jubes et jube quod vis): Teresa cites the Spanish form Dame, Señor, lo que me mandas y manda lo que quisieres. Kept as direct prayer with solemn address.
- 6 ↩sapos / lagartijas continue Teresa's bird-and-hunt imagery from the prior section: a director must not train the soul to crawl earthbound like a toad, or settle for hunting mere lizards (petty aims) instead of greater flight.
- 7 ↩Source reads "pendencias ásperas"; in context with fasts, desert withdrawal, sleeplessness, and hunger, the intended reading is almost certainly "penitencias ásperas" (harsh penances). Translated as penances.
- 8 ↩«de mucho tomo» rendered as “of great weight/importance”; «seso» as “minds,” not “brains” in a clinical sense.
- 9 ↩«acá… allá» rendered as “here… hereafter,” keeping Teresa’s this-world / other-world contrast without archaic “yonder.” «paso de gallina» kept as the idiomatic “hen’s pace.”
- 10 ↩Spanish 'discrecion demasiada' is rendered as 'overcautious': Teresa means excessive prudence that holds beginners back from bolder spiritual advance, not sound discernment itself.
- 11 ↩disimulacion rendered as 'tact' (careful restraint / not making a show of instructing); Teresa means proceeding so as not to appear to teach.
- 12 ↩compadecer here is older Spanish for compatibility/agreement ('how the one could go with the other'), not modern 'sympathize'.
- 13 ↩cuanti mas treated as cuanto más ('all the more').
- 14 ↩Source spelling ilesia read as iglesia (Church).
- 15 ↩Final clause que con que las hagamos, no falta á nadie is compressed; rendered as the virtue/God's gift failing no one when we do our part (las ≈ the practices/efforts just named).
- 16 ↩"día de domingo" is Teresa's metaphor for a rest-day in prayer (as against weekday labor of discursive meditation).
- 17 ↩"la razón que tiene para no nos sufrir allí" = the grounds Christ has for not tolerating us in His presence (our unworthiness), presented humbly along with needs.
- 18 ↩Normalized "train" as archaic/variant "traen" ("they bring"); "á el" read as "al".
- 19 ↩Source reading 'expirimentado' treated as intended 'experimentado' (experienced).
- 20 ↩After the colon, 'ó que si es letrado' is read as an added clarification: discursive meditation on (or illustrated by) the Passion is the mode for the learned as for all, until God raises the soul to supernatural prayer. Period spellings coluna/ternia/ecelente/siguro rendered by intended sense (pillar / would have / excellent / sure).
- 21 ↩'Digo todos' picks up 'todos' from the previous sentence: the discursive mode is for everyone, even though (as the next section develops) many souls gain more from other meditation subjects than from the Passion itself.
- 22 ↩The run-on punctuation leaves the subjects slightly ambiguous: whether 'se afligen' names a separate temperament that is harmed by hell meditation, or describes the affective fruit of that meditation. Rendered as a contrasting temperament, which fits the section's point that different souls profit by different subjects.
- 23 ↩maestro rendered as spiritual director (guide/teacher of prayer), the usual sense in Teresa's counsel to beginners.
- 24 ↩oración de quietud kept as the technical Carmelite term prayer of quiet.
- 25 ↩Spanish word order leaves the subject of 'pueden procurar' lightly underdetermined; rendered as the directors who have understanding and experience seeking learned consultation when needed.
- 26 ↩'espíritu que no vaya comenzado en verdad, yo mas le querria sin oracion' taken as preferring no prayer to falsely grounded prayer, not as dismissing prayer itself.
- 27 ↩Source spelling 'mijor' read as 'mejor' (better).
- 28 ↩Corrupt source form "ereo" translated as "creo" (I believe), the most plausible intended reading.
- 29 ↩Normalized source splits 'enseñar' as 'enseque ñar'; translated as the intended 'teach'.
- 30 ↩'todas tres cosas' points back to the three qualities discussed in the surrounding counsel (learning, spirit, and virtue/fitness as a guide).
- 31 ↩'perlado' rendered as 'superior' (prelate/religious superior).
- 32 ↩'inorantes inoramos' treated as period spelling of 'ignorantes ignoramos'.
- 33 ↩Spanish 'No plega a Dios' is the traditional optative 'may it not please God'; rendered here with the natural English idiom 'God forbid.'
- 34 ↩'nos lo dan guisado (como dicen)' is the proverbial 'handed ready-cooked / ready-made'; kept as an idiom rather than flattened.
- 35 ↩Source reads 'ilesia'; translated as the clearly intended 'iglesia' (Church).
- 36 ↩Spanish 'ruines' here means base/wretched/morally failed persons among those who should give light, not merely 'ruined' in a material sense.
- 37 ↩coluna = columa/columna: the scourging pillar in Passion meditation; rendered as 'pillar'.
- 38 ↩ocuparle refers back to el entendimiento in the previous sentence: keep the understanding occupied in mutual gaze rather than discursive searching.
- 39 ↩Vuesa merced rendered as Your Reverence (formal address to her confessor/director). Acierte read as 1st-person subjunctive, continuing the self-doubt of acierto in s2; le in contentarle taken as referring to the Lord.
The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion
A daily portion of stillness
Chosen Portion delivers one short contemplative reading and a guided moment of silence each day — the ascent, one step at a time.
Chosen Portion is the paced doorway into this collection: it portions the dense mystical treatises into one daily reading plus guided silence, exactly as the 14-day plan teaches.
- Daily bite-sized excerpts from the contemplative classics, never a wall of text
- A built-in timed stillness practice that grows from 2 minutes to 10
- Gentle progression through the tradition — the app remembers where you are on the ascent