Capítulo XII
The First State of Acquired Devotion
Teresa describes the first stage of prayer, where one meditates on Christ's sufferings and resurrection, makes acts of love, and keeps Christ's company, while warning against forcing supernatural consolations.
She continues on this first state; she tells how far we can go with God's favor by our own efforts, and how harmful it is to want to climb higher until the Lord raises the spirit to supernatural and extraordinary things.1 What I meant to make clear in the previous chapter — though I've digressed a great deal into other things, because they seemed very necessary to me — is how far we ourselves can attain, and how in this first devotion we can help ourselves somewhat; for thinking about and examining what the Lord suffered for us moves us to compassion, and this sorrow is sweet, and so are the tears that come from it. And thinking of the glory we hope for, and the love the Lord had for us, and his resurrection, moves us to joy — a joy that isn't wholly spiritual or sensual, but a virtuous joy — and the sorrow is highly meritorious. That's how all those things are that produce acquired devotion partly through the understanding — though it can't be deserved or won unless God gives it.2 It is very good for a soul that he has not raised beyond this point not to try to climb higher on its own; and note this carefully, because it will gain nothing but loss.3 In this state one can make many acts to resolve to do much for God and to awaken love; others to help the virtues grow, as a book called The Art of Serving God says — a very good book and well suited to those who are in this state, because the understanding is at work. One can set oneself before Christ, and get used to falling deeply in love with his sacred humanity, and keep him always with oneself, and speak with him, ask him for one's needs, complain to him of one's troubles, rejoice with him in one's joys and not forget him because of them — without looking for composed prayers, but words that match one's desires and needs. It is an excellent way to make progress, and very quickly; and whoever works at keeping this precious company with them, and makes much use of it, and truly comes to love this Lord to whom we owe so much — I count that person as already well advanced. For this we mustn't care at all about not having devotion, as I've said, but thank the Lord that he lets us go on wanting to please him, even if our works are weak. This way of keeping Christ with us helps in every state, and it's a most sure means of making progress in the first, of soon reaching the second degree of prayer, and — for those in the later degrees — of walking safely through the dangers the devil can set.
Humility and the Danger of Presumption
Teresa warns against trying to raise the spirit without God's help, emphasizing humility as the foundation, and explains that attempting to force the suspension of the understanding leads to dryness and loss.
So this is what we can do. Anyone who wants to go beyond this and raise the spirit to feel consolations that aren't being given loses both, it seems to me; because that is supernatural, and once the understanding is lost, the soul is left deserted and very dry. And since this whole building is founded on humility, the closer we come to God, the further ahead this virtue has to go—and if it doesn't, everything is lost.4 And it seems a kind of pride for us to want to climb higher, since God already does too much, given what we are, in drawing us near to Himself. You shouldn't take me to mean that I'm saying this about rising in thought to ponder high things of heaven, or of God, and the grandeurs that are there, and His great wisdom. For although I never did that—I had no ability, as I've said, and I found myself so wretched that even to think about things of earth God did me the mercy of making me understand this truth: that it was no small boldness, much less for the things of heaven—other people will benefit from it, especially if they have learning, which is a great treasure for this exercise, in my view, if they have it with humility.5 In these past few days I've seen it in some learned men who only recently began, and they've made very great progress; and this makes me have great longings that many would become spiritual, as I'll say further on. So what I'm saying — don't climb unless God lifts you — is the language of the spirit; anyone who has some experience will understand me, because I don't know how to say it if it isn't grasped from this.6 In the mystical theology I began to speak of, the understanding stops working, because God suspends it, as I will explain more later, if I know how and He gives me His favor for it. What I'm saying is that we must not presume, or even think, of suspending it ourselves, or to stop working with it; because we'd be left foolish and cold, and we'd accomplish neither one thing nor the other.7 For when the Lord suspends it and brings it to a stop, He gives it something to marvel at and occupy itself with; and without reasoning it understands more in the time of one Creed than we can understand with all our earthly efforts over many years.8 To busy the soul's faculties and think we can make them stay still is folly. And I say again that, even if it isn't understood, it comes from no great humility — not with guilt, but with a cost, yes — for it will be wasted effort, and the soul is left with a little distaste, like someone about to jump who is grabbed from behind: it already seems they've spent their strength, and they find themselves unable to do what they meant to do with it. And in the little gain that remains, anyone who cares to look will see this small lack of humility I've mentioned — because this virtue has this excellent quality: there is no work it accompanies that leaves the soul dissatisfied.91011 It seems to me I've made it understood, and perhaps it will be only for myself. May the Lord open the eyes of those who read it with experience — for however little they have, they'll understand it at once.12
God as Teacher of the Mystical Life
Teresa shares her own experience of prolonged confusion and sudden divine illumination, highlighting that God Himself teaches the soul when He wills.
For many years I went on reading a great many things and understood nothing of them; and for a long time, though God was giving it to me, I didn't know a word to say to make it understood — and this hasn't cost me little work. When His Majesty wills it, He teaches it all in a moment, so that I'm left astonished. One thing I can say truthfully: though I used to speak with many spiritual people who wanted to help me understand what the Lord was giving me so that I might know how to speak of it; and it's certain my dullness was so great that it helped me little or not at all — or rather, the Lord willed, since His Majesty was always my teacher (may He be blessed for everything, for it's deep confusion to me that I can say this truly), that I should have no one to thank; and without my wanting or asking for it (for in this I haven't been curious at all — though it would have been a virtue to be so — but rather in other vanities), God gave it to me in a moment to understand with complete clarity, and to know how to say it; so that they were astonished, and I more than my confessors, because I understood my dullness better.131415 This is recent; and so what the Lord hasn't taught me, I don't go looking for, except what concerns my conscience.16
Final Warnings and Concluding Praise
Teresa reiterates the warning against raising the spirit without God, notes the particular danger for women, and praises God for allowing her to speak of such lofty matters.
I return once more to warn that a great deal depends on not raising the spirit if the Lord does not raise it: what that means will soon be clear. It's especially dangerous for women, because the devil may cause some illusion—though I'm certain the Lord doesn't allow him to harm anyone who tries with humility to draw near to Him; rather, He will draw more profit and gain from the very place where the devil meant to make that person lose. Because this path—among the first—is the most used, and because the warnings I've given matter so much, I've gone on at such length—and others will have written them much better elsewhere, I confess—and I've written this with a great deal of confusion and shame, though not as much as I ought to have.17 Blessed be the Lord for everything, that He wants and allows someone like me to speak of such lofty things of His.
Read the original Spanish
Prosigue en este primer estado; dice hasta dónde podemos llegar con el favor de Dios por nosotros mesmos, y el daño que es querer, hasta que el Señor haga subir el espíritu á cosas sobrenaturales y extraordinarias.
Lo que he pretendido dar á entender en este capítulo pasado, aunque me he divertido mucho en otras cosas, por parecerme muy necesarias, es, decir hasta lo que podemos nosotros adquirir, y como en esta primera devocion podemos nosotros ayudarnos algo; porque en pensar y escudriñar lo que el Señor pasó por nosotros, muévenos á compasion, y es sabrosa esta pena y las lágrimas que proceden de aquí. Y de pensar la gloria que esperamos, y el amor que el Señor nos tuvo y su resurreccion, muévenos á gozo, que ni es del todo espiritual ni sensual, sino gozo virtuoso, y la pena muy meritoria. De esta manera son todas las cosas, que causan devocion adquirida con el entendimiento en parte, aunque no podida merecer ni ganar, si no la da Dios. Estále muy bien á un alma, que no la ha subido de aquí, no procurar subir ella; y nótese esto mucho, porque no le aprovechará mas de perder. Puede en este estado hacer muchos actos para determinarse á hacer, mucho por Dios, y despertar el amor; otros para ayudar á crecer las virtudes, conforme á lo que dice un libro llamado Arte de servir á Dios, que es muy bueno y apropiado para los que están en este estado, porque obra el entendimiento. Puede representarse delante de Cristo, y acostumbrarse á enamorarse mucho de su sagrada humanidad, y traerle siempre consigo, y hablar con él, pedirle para sus necesidades, y quejársele de sus trabajos, alegrarse con él en sus contentos y no olvidarle por ellos, sin procurar oraciones compuestas, sino palabras conforme á sus deseos y necesidades. Es ecelente manera de aprovechar y muy en breve, y quien trabajare a traer consigo esta preciosa compañía, y se aprovechare mucho della, y de veras cobrare amor á este Señor, á quien tanto debemos, yo le doy por aprovechado. Para esto no se nos ha de dar nada de no tener devocion, como tengo dicho, sino agradecer al Señor, que nos deja andar deseosos de contentarle, aunque sean flacas las obras.
Este modo de traer á Cristo con nosotros aprovécha en todos estados, y es un medio sigurísimo para ir aprovechando en el primero, y llegar en breve al segundo grado de oracion, y para los postreros andar siguros de los peligros que el demonio puede poner.
Pues esto es lo que podemos; quien quisiere pasar de aquí y levantar el espíritu á sentir gustos, que no se los dan, es perder lo uno y lo otro, á mi pareeer; porque es sobrenatural, y perdido el entendimiento, quédase el alma desierta y con mucha sequedad: y como este edificio todo va fundado en humildad, mientra mas llegados á Dios, mas adelante ha de ir esta virtud, y si no va todo perdido. Y parece algun género de soberbia querer nosotros subir á mas, pues Dios hace demasiado, segun somos, en allegarnos cerca de sí. No se ha de entender que digo esto por el subir con el pensamiento á pensar cosas altas del cielo, ó de Dios, y las grandezas que allá hay, y su gran sabiduría; porque aunque yo nunca lo hice (que no tenía habilidad, como he dicho, y me hallaba tan ruin, que, aun para pensar cosas de la tierra, me hacia Dios merced de que entendiese esta verdad, que no era poco atrevimiento, cuanto mas para las del cielo) otras personas se aprovecharán, en especial si tienen letras, que es un grande tesoro para este ejercicio, á mi parecer, si son' con humildad. De unos dias acá lo he visto por algunos letrados, que há poco que comenzaron, y han aprovechado muy mucho; y esto me hace tener grandes ansias, porque muchos fuesen espirituales, como adelante diré.
Pues lo que digo, no se suban sin que Dios los suba, es lenguaje de espíritu; entenderme ha quien tuviere alguna expiriencia, que yo no lo sé decir, si por aquí no se entiende. En la mística teología, que comencé á decir, pierde de obrar el entendimiento, porque le suspende Dios, como despues declararé mas, si supiere y él me diere para ello su favor. Presumir ni pensar de suspenderle nosotros, es lo que digo no se haga, ni se deje de obrar con él; porque nos quedarémos bobos y frios, y ni harémos lo uno ni lo otro. Que cuando el Señor le suspende y hace parar, dále de que se espante y se ocupe; y que sin discurrir entienda mas en un credo, que nosotros podemos entender con todas nuestras diligencias de tierra en muchos años. Ocupar las potencias del ánima, y pensar hacerlas estar quedas, es desatino: y torno á decir que, aunque no se entiende, es de no gran humildad, aunque no con culpa, con pena sí, que será trabajo perdido, y queda el alma con un desgustillo, como quien va á saltar y le asen por detrás, que ya parece ha empleado su fuerza y hállase sin efetuar lo que con ella queria hacer: y en la poca ganancia que queda, verá quien lo quisiere mirar, este poquillo de falta de humildad, que he dichoporque esto tiene excelente esta virtud, que no hay obra, á quien ella acompañe, que deje el alma desgustada. Paréceme lo he dado á entender, y por ventura será solo para mí: abra el Señor los ojos de los que lo leyeren con expiriencia, que por poca que sea, luego lo entenderán.
Hartos años estuve yo que leia muchas cosas y no entendia nada de ellas; y mucho tiempo, que aunque me lo daba Dios, palabra no sabia decir, para darlo á entender, que no me ha costado esto poco trabajo. Cuando su Majestad quiere, en un punto lo enseña todo, de manera que yo me espanto. Una cosa puedo decir con verdad, que aunque hablaba con muchas personas espirituales, que querian darme á entender lo que el Señor me dabapara que se lo supiese decir; y es cierto, que era tanta mi torpeza, que poco ni mucho me aprovechaba: ú queria el Señor, como su Majestad fué siempre mi maestro (sea por todo bendito, que harta confusion es para mí poder decir esto con verdad), que no tuviese á nadie que agradecer; y sin querer ni pedirlo (que en esto no he sido nada curiosa, porque fuera virtud serlo, sino en otras vanidades) dármelo Dios en un punto á entender con toda claridad, y para saberlo decir; de manera que se espantaban, y yo mas que mis confesores, porque entendia mijor mi torpeza. Esto há poco, y ansí lo que el Señor no me ha enseñado, no lo procuro, sino es lo que toca á mi conciencia.
Torno otra vez á avisar que va mucho en no subir el espíritu, si el Señor no le subiere: qué cosa es, se entiende luego. En especial para mujeres es malo, que podrá el demonio causar alguna ilusion, aunque tengo por cierto no consiente el Señor dañe á quien con humildad se procura llegar á El, antes sacará mas provecho y ganancia por donde el demonio le pensare hacer perder. Por ser este camino de los primeros mas usado, y importar mucho los avisos que he dado, me he alargado tanto, y habránlos escrito en otras partes muy mijor, yo lo confieso, y que con harta confusion y vergüenza lo he escrito, aunque no tanta como habia de tener. Sea el Señor bendito por todo, que, á una como yo, quiere y consiente que hable en cosas suyas tales y tan subidas.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish 'querer' is elliptical (no explicit object). Rendered from the chapter's own continuation as wanting to force ascent beyond acquired devotion before God Himself raises the spirit.
- 2 ↩"devoción adquirida" kept as "acquired devotion," Teresa's technical contrast with infused/supernatural prayer.
- 3 ↩Subject of "ha subido" taken as God ("he"), the usual reading: a soul God has not raised further should not force the ascent.
- 4 ↩Source reading "pareeer" corrected to "parecer" ("it seems to me"); "mientra" read as "mientras" ("the more / while").
- 5 ↩Source reading "si son'" treated as "si son" ("if they are / if accompanied by") with humility.
- 6 ↩Source spelling expiriencia read as experiencia (experience).
- 7 ↩le/él refers to the understanding (entendimiento) from the previous sentence: do not try to suspend it yourselves, and do not stop using it.
- 8 ↩en un credo is a common Spanish measure of time: roughly as long as it takes to recite the Creed.
- 9 ↩Normalized dichoporque as dicho porque; efetuar as efectuar.
- 10 ↩aunque no con culpa, con pena sí: not culpable sin, but a real penalty/loss (wasted effort and distaste).
- 11 ↩potencias del ánima rendered as soul's faculties (scholastic powers of the soul).
- 12 ↩Source spelling expiriencia read as experiencia (experience).
- 13 ↩Normalized reading treats fused 'dabapara' as 'daba para' ('was giving me so that').
- 14 ↩Old-Spanish 'ú' read as 'o' ('or'/'or rather'), introducing the alternative that the Lord Himself meant her to owe thanks to no human teacher.
- 15 ↩'Curiosa' here means spiritually inquisitive/eager to learn; Teresa says that kind of curiosity would have been a virtue, whereas she admits curiosity about worldly vanities instead.
- 16 ↩'Esto há poco' taken as 'this is recent / only a short time ago,' referring to the sudden gift of understanding just described.
- 17 ↩"camino de los primeros" rendered as "this path among the first," i.e. the early/beginning stage of the spiritual way, matching the surrounding "primer estado" context.
The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion
A daily portion of stillness
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