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Chapter 21CastilloInt.1.21

Moradas sextas, Capítulo 8. Trata de cómo se comunica Dios al alma por visión intelectual, y da algunos avisos, y dice los efectos que hace cuando es verdadera. - Encarga el secreto de estas mercedes.

Why We Speak of Intellectual Visions

Teresa introduces the topic of intellectual visions to help souls recognize God's favors and respond with praise.

1. So that you may see more clearly, sisters, that what I've told you is so, and that the further a soul advances the more it is accompanied by this good Jesus, it will be well for us to talk about how, when His Majesty wills it, we can do nothing but walk always with Him, as is clearly seen from the manners and ways in which His Majesty communicates Himself to us and shows us the love He has for us, with some appearances and visions so wonderful; so that if He should grant you any favor of this kind, you won't go about alarmed — I mean, if the Lord is pleased that I get it right, in short, something of these things — so that we may praise Him greatly, even if He doesn't grant them to us, that He should want to communicate Himself like this with a creature, being of such majesty and power.12

The Silent Presence of Christ

The soul feels Christ beside her without seeing him, leading to fear, reassurance, and a deep desire to please God.

2. It happens that, when the soul isn't expecting this favor to be granted to her and has never thought she deserved it, she feels Jesus Christ our Lord beside her — though she doesn't see him, either with the eyes of the body or with those of the soul. They call this an intellectual vision; I don't know why.3 I saw this person to whom God granted this favor — along with others I'll speak of later — quite worn out at the beginning, because she couldn't understand what it was, since she didn't see it; and yet she understood so certainly that it was Jesus Christ our Lord who was showing himself to her in that way that she couldn't doubt it — I mean, that that vision was there. As for whether it was from God or not, though it brought with it great effects that made clear it was, she still went about afraid; and she had never heard of an intellectual vision, nor had she imagined there was such a thing. But she understood very clearly that it was this Lord who was speaking to her so often in the way I've already described, because until he granted her this favor I'm talking about, she never knew who was speaking to her, though she understood the words.4 3. I know that, while she was afraid of this vision—because it's not like imaginary ones, which pass quickly, but lasts for many days, and sometimes even longer than a year—she went to her confessor thoroughly distressed.5 He told her that if she saw nothing, how did she know it was our Lord, and that she should tell him what face He had. She told him she didn't know, nor did she see a face, nor could she say more than she'd already said; that she knew it was He who was speaking to her, and that it wasn't an imagination.6 And although they filled her with many fears, still she often couldn't doubt, especially when He said to her: Do not be afraid, for I am. These words had such force that she couldn't doubt it for the time being, and she was left greatly strengthened and glad with such good company; for she saw clearly that it was a great help to her in keeping an ordinary remembrance of God and a careful watchfulness not to do anything that would displease Him, because it seemed to her He was always looking at her.7 And every time she wanted to speak with His Majesty in prayer—and even without it—He seemed so near that she couldn't help hearing Him; though understanding the words wasn't when she wanted, but unexpectedly, when it was needed.8 She felt that He walked at her right side, but not with the senses by which we can feel that a person is beside us; because it's by another, more delicate way that one can hardly put into words. Yet it's so certain, and held with such certainty—and even much more so; because with ordinary sense-perception one could already imagine it, but not in this, which comes with great gains and interior effects that couldn't exist if it were melancholy, nor would the devil do so much good, nor would the soul walk with such peace and with such continual desires to please God and with such contempt for everything that doesn't bring it to Him.9

The Fruits of a True Vision

The vision is proven genuine by its lasting effects of humility, love, and purity of conscience, as witnessed by Teresa herself.

Later, it became clear that this was not the devil, because it kept making itself more and more obvious. 4. Still, I know that at times she went about quite fearful; at other times with the deepest confusion, because she didn't know how so much good had come to her. She and I were so united that nothing passed through her soul without my knowing it; I can be a reliable witness, and you can trust that everything I say about this is true. It is a favor of the Lord that brings with it the deepest confusion and humility.10 If it were from the devil, everything would be the opposite. And since it is something clearly understood to be given by God—for human skill wouldn't be enough for anyone to feel it this way—the one who has it can in no way think it is her own good, but rather given from the hand of God. Although, in my judgment, some of the favors already mentioned are greater, this one brings with it a particular knowledge of God. From this continuous companionship is born a most tender love for His Majesty, along with desires—even greater than those already mentioned—to give herself entirely to His service. It also brings a great purity of conscience, because it makes her attentive in everything to the presence she carries near her. For although we know that God is present in everything we do, our nature is such that we grow careless about thinking of it—something that cannot be neglected here, because the Lord who is near her keeps her awake.11 And even regarding the favors already mentioned, since the soul goes about almost continuously with an active love for the One she sees or understands to be near her, they occur much more frequently.12

The Ineffable Gift and Its Withdrawal

The soul treasures this gift beyond all earthly delights, and its absence brings deep loneliness, yet the soul knows it is Christ through a certainty beyond words.

5. In short, you can see from the gain it brings the soul that this is an exceedingly great favor—one to be highly prized and for which we should thank the Lord, who gives it entirely without our being able to deserve it. The soul would not exchange it for any treasure or delight on earth. And so, when the Lord is pleased to take it from her, she is left with deep loneliness; but every effort she might make to regain that companionship does little good, for the Lord gives it when He wills, and it cannot be acquired.13 Sometimes it also comes from a saint, and that, too, is of great benefit.14 6. You'll say that if nothing is seen, how can one understand that it's Christ, or when it's a saint, or His most glorious Mother. The soul won't be able to put that into words, nor can it understand how it understands it—only that it knows it with the greatest certainty. Even when the Lord speaks, it already seems easier; but the saint, who doesn't speak—who only seems to be placed there by the Lord to help that soul and keep it company—is more to be marveled at. So it is with other spiritual things that can't be put into words; yet through them one sees how low our nature is for understanding the great grandeurs of God, since we aren't even capable of these—except that whoever is given them should go on in wonder and praises to His Majesty, and so give Him particular thanks for them; for since this isn't a favor granted to everyone, it must be greatly esteemed, and one must strive to render greater service, since God helps the soul toward that in so many ways.15 From this it comes that she doesn't think more of herself because of it, and it seems to her that she is the one who serves God least of anyone on earth, because it seems to her she is more bound to do so than anyone else—and any fault she commits pierces her to the core, and with very good reason.

Signs of God's Work and Practical Counsel

The lasting peace and good effects confirm the vision is from God, and Teresa advises seeking learned confessors for discernment.

7. If the Lord leads any of you along this path, you'll be able to notice these effects in your soul—the ones already described—and understand that it isn't deception or imagination. As I've said, I don't believe it's possible for something lasting this long to be the work of the devil when it does the soul such notable good and brings it such interior peace, which isn't his custom. Besides, something so evil couldn't do so much good even if it wanted to, because that would soon lead to the fumes of self-esteem and the thought that one is better than others.1617 But this constant journey of the soul, clinging to God with its thoughts occupied by Him, would make the devil so furious that even if he tried to interfere, he wouldn't come back often. God is so faithful that He won't allow the devil such free rein with a soul that wants nothing but to please His Majesty and lay down its life for His honor and glory; instead, He will soon ensure that the soul is undeceived.1819 8. My theme is and will remain that as long as the soul walks in the way described here—the way these favors of God leave her—His Majesty will bring her through with gain if He ever allows the devil to dare approach her, and that the devil will be left ashamed.20 So, daughters, if any of you should go by this path—as I have said—don't go around alarmed. It's right that there should be fear and that we walk with greater caution—and not so confident either that, because you've been so favored, you can grow more careless; for that will be a sign it isn't from God, if you don't find yourselves with the effects already described. It's good that at the beginning you communicate it under confession to a very good learned man—they're the ones who must give us light—or, if there is one, to some very spiritual person; and if he isn't spiritual, it's better that he be very learned; and if you can have both, go to the one and the other.21 And if they tell you it's a whim, don't let it bother you, because a whim can do your soul little harm or good; commit yourselves to His divine Majesty, that He not allow you to be deceived.22 If they tell you it's the devil, that will be harder; though he won't say so if he is a good learned man and the effects already described are there. But when he does say it, I know that the same Lord who walks with you will comfort and reassure you, and He will keep giving that man light so he can give it to you.

Caution and Humility in Sharing Favors

Teresa warns against indiscriminate sharing of favors and emphasizes that true holiness is measured by virtues, not by such gifts.

9. If it's someone who has prayer but whom the Lord hasn't led along that path, they'll be startled at once and condemn it. That's why I advise you that he should be very learned and, if such a person can be found, spiritual as well, and that the prioress gives permission for it; because, even if the soul feels secure from seeing his good life, the prioress will still be obliged to have her speak with him, so that both may go forward in safety.23 And once she has spoken with these people, let her settle down and stop going around sharing it further; for sometimes, when there's nothing to fear, the devil plants such excessive fears that they force the soul not to be content with once. Especially if the confessor has little experience and she finds him fearful, and he himself keeps her going around talking about it, what by rights ought to have stayed very secret ends up being made public, and this soul comes to be persecuted and tormented; because when she thinks it's secret, she sees it made public, and from this many hard things follow for her, and they could follow for the Order too, the way these times are going. So great care is needed in this, and I strongly commend it to the prioresses; and let her not think that because a sister has things like these, she is better than the others. The Lord leads each one as He sees necessary. It is a means of becoming a true servant of God, if she helps herself; but sometimes God leads the weakest along this path.24 And so there's no reason here to approve or condemn, but to look to the virtues, and to whoever serves our Lord with more mortification and humility and purity of conscience — that one will be the holiest, though little certainty can be known here until the true Judge gives each one what they deserve.✦

Final Praise and Judgment

The chapter closes with a doxology and a reminder that God's judgment alone is true.

There we'll be astonished to see how different His judgment is from what we can understand here. May He be praised forever. Amen.

Read the original Spanish

1. Para que más claro veáis, hermanas, que es así lo que os he dicho y que mientras más adelante va un alma más acompañada es de este buen Jesús, será bien que tratemos de cómo, cuando Su Majestad quiere, no podemos sino andar siempre con El, como se ve claro por las maneras y modos con que Su Majestad se nos comunica y nos muestra el amor que nos tiene, con algunos aparecimientos y visiones tan admirables; que por si alguna merced de éstas os hiciere, no andéis espantadas, quiero decir -si el Señor fuere servido que acierte- en suma, alguna cosa de éstas, para que le alabemos mucho, aunque no nos las haga a nosotras, de que se quiera así comunicar con una criatura, siendo de tanta majestad y poder.

2. Acaece, estando el alma descuidada de que se le ha de hacer esta merced ni haber jamás pensado merecerla, que siente cabe sí a Jesucristo nuestro Señor, aunque no le ve, ni con los ojos del cuerpo ni del alma. Esta llaman visión intelectual, no sé yo por qué. Vi a esta persona que le hizo Dios esta merced, con otras que diré adelante, fatigada en los principios harto, porque no podía entender qué cosa era, pues no la veía; y entendía tan cierto ser Jesucristo nuestro Señor el que se le mostraba de aquella suerte, que no lo podía dudar, digo que estaba allí aquella visión; que si era de Dios o no, aunque traía consigo grandes efectos para entender que lo era, todavía andaba con miedo, y ella jamáshabía oído visión intelectual, ni pensó que la había de tal suerte; mas entendía muy claro que era este Señor el que le hablaba muchas veces de la manera que queda dicho, porque hasta que le hizo esta merced que digo, nunca sabía quién la hablaba, aunque entendía las palabras.

3. Sé que estando temerosa de esta visión porque no es como las imaginarias, que pasan de presto, sino que dura muchos días, y aun más que un año alguna vez), se fue a su confesor harto fatigada. El le dijo que, si no veía nada, que cómo sabía que era nuestro Señor; que le dijese qué rostro tenía. Ella le dijo que no sabía, ni veía rostro, ni podía decir más de lo dicho; que lo que sabía era que era El el que la hablaba y que no era antojo. Y aunque le ponían hartos temores, todavía muchas veces no podía dudar, en especial cuando la decía: No hayas miedo, que yo soy. Tenían tanta fuerza estas palabras, que no lo podía dudar por entonces, y quedaba muy esforzada y alegre con tan buena compañía; que veía claro serle gran ayuda para andar con una ordinaria memoria de Dios y un miramiento grande de no hacer cosa que le desagradase, porque le parecía la estaba siempre mirando. Y cada vez que quería tratar con Su Majestad en oración, y aun sin ella, le parecía estar tan cerca, que no la podía dejar de oír; aunque el entender las palabras no era cuando ella quería, sino a deshora, cuando era menester. Sentía que andaba al lado derecho, mas no con estos sentidos que podemos sentir que está cabe nosotros una persona; porque es por otra vía más delicada, que no se debe de saber decir; mas es tan cierto y con tanta certidumbre y aun mucho más; porque acá ya se podría antojar, mas en esto no, que viene con grandes ganancias y efectos interiores, que ni los podría haber, si fuese melancolía, ni tampoco el demonio haría tanto bien, ni andaría el alma con tanta paz y con tan continuos deseos de contentar a Dios y con tanto desprecio de todo lo que no la llega a El.

Y después se entendió claro no ser demonio, porque se iba más y más dando a entender.

4. Con todo, sé yo que a ratos andaba harto temerosa; otros con grandísima confusión, que no sabía por dónde le había venido tanto bien. Eramos tan una cosa ella y yo, que no pasaba cosa por su alma que yo estuviese ignorante de ella, y así puedo ser buen testigo y me podéis creer ser verdad todo lo que en esto dijere. Es merced del Señor que trae grandísima confusión consigo y humildad. Cuando fuese del demonio, todo sería al contrario. Y como es cosa que notablemente se entiende ser dada de Dios, que no bastaría industria humana para poderse así sentir, en ninguna manera puede pensar quien lo tiene que es bien suyo, sino dado de la mano de Dios. Y aunque, a mi parecer, es mayor merced algunas de las que quedan dichas, ésta trae consigo un particular conocimiento de Dios, y de esta compañía tan continua nace un amor ternísimo con Su Majestad y unos deseos aun mayores que los que quedan dichos de entregarse toda a su servicio, y una limpieza de conciencia grande, porque hace advertir a todo la presencia que trae cabe sí; porque aunque ya sabemos que lo está Dios a todo lo que hacemos, es nuestro natural tal, que se descuida en pensarlo: lo que no se puede descuidar acá, que la despierta el Señor que está cabe ella. Y aun para las mercedes que quedan dichas, como anda el alma casi continuo con un actual amor al que ve o entiende estar cabe sí, son muy más ordinarias.

5. En fin, en la ganancia del alma se ve ser grandísima merced y muy mucho de preciar, y agradecer al Señor que se la da tan sin poderlo merecer, y por ningún tesoro ni deleite de la tierra la trocaría. Y así, cuando el Señor es servido que se la quite, queda con mucha soledad; mas todas las diligencias posibles que pusiese para tornar a tener aquella compañía, aprovechan poco; que lo da el Señor cuando quiere, y no se puede adquirir. Algunas veces también es de algún santo, y es también de gran provecho.

6. Diréis que si no se ve, que cómo se entiende que es Cristo, o cuándo es santo, o su Madre gloriosísima. - Eso no sabrá el alma decir, ni puede entender cómo lo entiende, sino que lo sabe con una grandísima certidumbre. Aun ya el Señor, cuando habla, más fácil parece; mas el santo, que no habla, sino que parece le pone el Señor allí por ayuda de aquel alma y por compañía, es más de maravillar. Así son otras cosas espirituales, que no se saben decir, mas entiéndese por ellas cuán bajo es nuestro natural para entender las grandes grandezas de Dios, pues aun éstas no somos capaces, sino que, con admiración y alabanzas a Su Majestad pase quien se las diere; y así le haga particulares gracias por ellas, que pues no es merced que se hace a todos, hase mucho de estimar y procurar hacer mayores servicios, pues por tantas maneras la ayuda Dios a ello. De aquí viene no se tener por eso en más, y parecerle que es la que menos sirve a Dios de cuantos hay en la tierra, porque le parece está más obligada a ello que ninguno, y cualquier falta que hace le atraviesa las entrañas y con muy grande razón.

7. Estos efectos con que anda el alma, que quedan dichos, podrá advertir cualquiera de vosotras a quien el Señor llevare por este camino, para entender que no es engaño ni tampoco antojo porque -como he dicho- no tengo que es posible durar tanto siendo demonio, haciendo tan notable provecho al alma y trayéndola con tanta paz interior, que no es de su costumbre, ni puede, aunque quiere, cosa tan mala hacer tanto bien; que luego habría unos humos de propia estimación y pensar era mejor que los otros. Mas este andar siempre el alma tan asida de Dios y ocupado su pensamiento en El, haríale tanta rabia, que aunque lo intentase, no tornase muchas veces; y es Dios tan fiel, que no permitirá darle tanta mano con alma que no pretende otra cosa sino agradar a Su Majestad y poner su vida por su honra y gloria, sino que luego ordenará cómo sea desengañada.

8. Mi tema es y será que como el alma ande de la manera que aquí se ha dicho la dejan estas mercedes de Dios, que Su Majestad la sacará con ganancia, si permite alguna vez se le atreva el demonio y que él quedará corrido. Por eso, hijas, si alguna fuere por este camino -como he dicho- no andéis asombradas. Bien es que haya temor y andemos con más aviso, ni tampoco confiadas que, por ser tan favorecidas, os podéis más descuidar, que esto será señal no ser de Dios, si no os viereis con los efectos que queda dicho. Es bien que a los principios lo comuniquéis debajo de confesión con un muy buen letrado, que son los que nos han de dar la luz, o, si hubiere, alguna persona muy espiritual; y si no lo es, mejor es muy letrado; si le hubiere, con el uno y con el otro. Y si os dijeren que es antojo, no se os dé nada, que el antojo poco mal ni bien puede hacer a vuestra alma; encomendaos a la divina Majestad, que no consienta seáis engañada. Si os dijeren es demonio, será más trabajo; aunque no dirá, si es buen letrado, y hay los efectos dichos, mas cuando lo diga, yo sé que el mismo Señor, que anda con vos, os consolará y asegurará, y a él le irá dando luz para que os la dé.

9. Si es persona que aunque tiene oración no la ha llevado el Señor por ese camino, luego se espantará y lo condenará. Por eso os aconsejo que sea muy letrado y, si se hallare, también espiritual, y la priora dé licencia para ello, porque, aunque vaya segura el alma por ver su buena vida, estará obligada la priora a que se comunique, para que anden con seguridad entrambas. Y, tratado con estas personas, quiétese y no ande más dando parte de ello; que algunas veces, sin haber de qué temer, pone el demonio unos temores tan demasiados, que fuerzan al alma a no se contentar de una vez. En especial si el confesor es de poca experiencia y le ve medroso, y él mismo la hace andar comunicando, viénese a publicar lo que había de razón estar muy secreto, y a ser esta alma perseguida y atormentada; porque cuando piensa que está secreto, lo ve público, y de aquí suceden muchas cosas trabajosas para ella, y podrían suceder para la Orden, según andan estos tiempos. Así que es menester grande aviso en esto, y a las prioras lo encomiendo mucho; y que no piense que por tener una hermana cosas semejantes, es mejor que las otras; lleva el Señor a cada una como ve que es menester. Aparejo es para venir a ser muy sierva de Dios, si se ayuda; mas, a las veces, lleva Dios por este camino a las más flacas. Y así no hay en esto por qué aprobar ni condenar, sino mirar a las virtudes, y a quien con más mortificación y humildad y limpieza de conciencia sirviere a nuestro Señor, que ésa será la más santa, aunque la certidumbre poco se puede saber acá, hasta que el verdadero Juez dé a cada uno lo que merece.

Allá nos espantaremos de ver cuán diferente es su juicio de lo que acá podemos entender. Sea para siempre alabado, amén.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Rom.2.6;2Cor.5.10;Matt.16.27;Rev.22.12 — who will render to each one according to that person's works 2Cor.5.10 — For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what has been done through the body, whether good or evil. Matt.16.27 — For the Son of Man is going to come in the glory of his Father with his angels, and then he will repay each one according to his deeds. Rev.22.12 — Look, I am coming soon, and my reward is with me, to repay each one according to their work.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Teresian merced here is a mystical gift/communication from God; rendered as 'favor,' not generic mercy.
  2. 2 ↩Aparecimientos are divine appearances (distinct from ordinary sight); rendered as 'appearances' to stay close to Teresa's vocabulary before the chapter's intellectual-vision discussion.
  3. 3 ↩visión intelectual is Teresa's technical term for a non-imaginal, non-corporeal perception of presence; kept as 'intellectual vision' rather than paraphrased.
  4. 4 ↩Normalized source reads 'jamáshabía' (fused); translated as intended 'jamás había' ('had never').
  5. 5 ↩The normalized Spanish has a closing parenthesis with no matching opener before «alguna vez)»; the translation follows the clear intended sense and treats the mark as stray punctuation.
  6. 6 ↩«antojo» rendered as «fancy» (a mere whim or figment of imagination), not as a craving or appetite.
  7. 7 ↩«ordinaria memoria de Dios» rendered as habitual/continual remembrance, not as something commonplace or trivial; «miramiento» as careful watchfulness/regard.
  8. 8 ↩«a deshora» rendered as «unexpectedly» (out of her chosen time), not merely «late».
  9. 9 ↩«melancolía» kept as melancholy in Teresa's humoral/spiritual-discernment sense (a natural disorder that can mimic experiences), not modern clinical depression alone. «acá» contrasted with the intellectual mode: ordinary sensory nearness could be imagined; this mode cannot.
  10. 10 ↩Spanish merced rendered as "favor" (divine gift), distinct from misericordia "mercy" and from gratia "grace".
  11. 11 ↩cabe sí / cabe ella: archaic Spanish "beside/near"; rendered "near her" for the felt companionship of the intellectual vision.
  12. 12 ↩actual amor: presently exercised love (not merely habitual); rendered "active love."
  13. 13 ↩Spanish "cuando el Señor es servido que se la quite" is a courteous idiom for divine good pleasure ("when the Lord is pleased / sees fit to take it away"), not service rendered by a creature.
  14. 14 ↩"es de algún santo" continues the subject of the companionship/presence from the preceding sentences: sometimes the presence is that of a saint rather than of the Lord Himself.
  15. 15 ↩"particulares gracias" rendered as "particular thanks" (thanksgiving), not "special graces"; context is gratitude for the favor received.
  16. 16 ↩"no tengo que es posible" is Golden Age Spanish for "I don't hold/consider it possible" (cf. "no tengo por posible").
  17. 17 ↩"humos de propia estimación" rendered as "fumes of self-esteem": Teresa's image for the smoke of pride/self-regard that would appear if the devil were the agent.
  18. 18 ↩"darle tanta mano" rendered as "allow him so free a hand" (give the devil so much leeway).
  19. 19 ↩The second "sino que" contrasts with the denied permission: God will not give the devil free rein, but rather will soon arrange the soul's undeceiving.
  20. 20 ↩corrido: Golden Age sense 'ashamed / put to shame,' not 'run off.'
  21. 21 ↩letrado: a learned man, typically a theologian or well-trained confessor, not merely a literate person.
  22. 22 ↩antojo: whim / fancy / mere imagination; not strong desire.
  23. 23 ↩letrado: learned theologian/cleric (not merely literate); spiritual: experienced in the interior life. Both qualities are preferred when available.
  24. 24 ↩Aparejo: disposition/means/preparation toward holiness, not mere outward readiness.

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