Ново учение — новы мѣхы: вѣра доиде языка рускааго
New Wine for New Peoples
Grace and truth shine on a new people, as new wine is poured into new wineskins so that both are preserved.
It was right for grace and truth to shine on a new people.✦ For they do not pour, as the Lord said, the wine of the new teaching of grace into old wineskins worn out in Judaism: "if they do, the skins will burst and the wine will spill."✦1 If they couldn't even keep the shadow of the Law, but often bowed down to idols, how could they possibly keep the teaching of true grace?✦2 But a new teaching — new wineskins, new peoples!3 And both will be preserved.✦
Grace Spreads to All Nations
The grace-filled faith has spread to the Russian people, fulfilling prophecies of universal worship while the Law recedes.
And so it is. For the grace-filled faith has spread over all the earth and has reached even our Russian people.4 And the lake of the Law has dried up, but the Gospel spring has flooded, covered the whole earth, and poured out even to us. For see: already we too, with all Christians, glorify the Holy Trinity, and Judea is silent; Christ is glorified, while the Jews are cursed; the nations have been brought in, while the Jews have been cast out.5 As the prophet Malachi said: "I have no pleasure in the sons of Israel, and I will not accept sacrifice from their hands, because from east to west my name is glorified among the nations, and in every place incense is offered to my name, for my name is great among the nations." And David: "Let all the earth bow down to you and sing to you." And: "O Lord, our Lord, how wonderful your name is throughout all the earth."
From Idolatry to Christ
The Rus are no longer idol-worshipers but Christians, no longer sacrificing to demons but partaking of Christ's sacrifice.
And we are no longer called idol-worshipers, but Christians; no longer people without hope, but those who hope in eternal life. And we no longer raise a shrine to Satan, but build Christ's churches; we no longer sacrifice one another to demons, but Christ is sacrificed for us and broken as an offering to God the Father.✦6 And no longer do we perish by tasting sacrificial blood; instead, by tasting Christ's most pure blood, we are saved.✦
The Gospel Spring Waters the Land
God in His mercy sent the gospel spring to water the desolate land of Rus, as Isaiah prophesied.
Our good God had mercy on every land, and He did not overlook us: He willed it and saved us, and brought us into the knowledge of the truth. For when our land was desolate and dried up—scorched by the burning heat of idolatry—suddenly a gospel spring began to flow, watering all our land.✦ As Isaiah said: "Water will burst forth for those who walk through the deep, and the waterless places will become pools, and in the thirsty land there will be a spring of water."✦7
Healing of Blindness and Speech
God opened the eyes of the blind and loosened the tongues of the stammerers, so that they glorify Christ.
When we were blind and could not see the true light, but were wandering in the deceit of idols, and were also deaf to the saving teaching, God had mercy on us — and the light of understanding shone in us as well, so that we might know him, according to the prophecy: "Then the eyes of the blind will be opened, and the ears of the deaf will hear."✦ And as we were stumbling along the paths of destruction—following demons and not knowing the path that leads to life—and on top of that, stammering with our tongues, praying to idols rather than to our own God and Creator, God's love for humankind visited us.8 And we no longer follow the demons, but clearly glorify Christ our God, according to the prophecy: "Then the lame will leap like a deer, and the tongue of the stammerers will be clear."✦
Adopted as God's People
Though once strangers and enemies, the Rus are now called God's people and sons through the covenant.
And when we used to be like wild animals and cattle, not knowing right hand from left, clinging to earthly things and not caring even a little for the things of heaven, the Lord sent his commandments to us as well—commandments that lead to eternal life—according to the prophecy of Hosea: “And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, I will make a covenant for them with the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth, and I will say to those who were not my people: ‘You are my people,’ and they will say to me: ‘You are the Lord our God.’”✦9 And so, though we were strangers, we were called God's people; and though we had been enemies, we were named his sons.
Read the original Church Slavonic
Лѣпо бѣ благодати и истинѣ на новы люди въсиати. Не въливають бо, по словеси Господню, вина новааго учениа благодѣтьна въ мѣхы вѣтхы, обетшавъши въ иудеиствѣ, «аще ли, то просядутся мѣси и вино пролѣется». Не могъше бо закона стѣня удержати, но многажды идоломъ покланявшеся, како истинныа благодѣти удержать учение. Нъ ново учение — новы мѣхы, новы языкы! «И обое съблюдется».
Яко же и есть. Вѣра бо благодѣтьнаа по всеи земли прострѣся и до нашего языка рускааго доиде. И законное езеро прѣсъше, евангельскыи же источникъ наводнився и всю землю покрывъ, и до насъ разлиася. Се бо уже и мы съ всѣми христиаными славимъ Святую Троицу, и Иудеа молчить; Христос славимъ бываеть, а иудеи кленоми; языци приведени, а иудеи отриновени. Яко же пророкъ Малахиа рече: «Несть ми хотѣниа въ сынехъ Израилевѣх, и жерты от рукъ ихъ не прииму, понеже ото въстокъ же и западъ имя мое славимо есть въ странахъ и на всякомъ мѣстѣ темианъ имени моему приносится, яко имя мое велико въ странах». И Давыдъ: «Вся земля да поклонить ти ся и поеть тобѣ». И: «Господи, Господь нашь, яко чюдно имя твое по всеи земли».
И уже не идолослужителе зовемся, нъ христиании, не еще безнадежници, нъ уповающе въ жизнь вѣчную. И уже не капище сътонино съграждаемь, нъ Христовы церкви зиждемь; уже не закалаемь бѣсомъ другъ друга, нъ Христос за ны закалаемь бываеть и дробимъ въ жертву Богу и Отьцю. И уже не жерьтвеныа крове въкушающе, погыбаемь, нъ Христовы пречистыа крове въкушающе, съпасаемся.
Вся страны благыи Богъ нашь помилова и насъ не презрѣ, въсхотѣ и спасе ны, и въ разумъ истинныи приведе.
Пустѣ бо и прѣсъхлѣ земли нашей сущи, идольскому зною исушивъши ю́, вънезаапу потече источникъ евангельскыи, напаая всю землю нашу. Яко же рече Исаиа: «Разверзется вода ходящиимъ по безднѣ, и будеть безводнаа въ блата, и въ земли жажущии источникъ воды будеть».
Бывшемъ намъ слѣпомъ и истиннааго свѣта не видящемь, нъ въ льсти идольстии блудящемь, къ сему же и глухомъ от спасенааго учениа, помилова ны Богъ — и въсиа и въ насъ свѣтъ разума, еже познати его, по пророчьству: «Тогда отверзутся очеса слѣпыих и ушеса глухыих услышать».
И потыкающемся намъ въ путех погыбели, еже бѣсомъ въслѣдовати и пути, ведущааго въ живот, не вѣдущемь, къ сему же гугънахомъ языкы нашими, моляше идолы, а не Бога своего и творца, посѣти насъ че-ловѣколюбие Божие. И уже не послѣдуемь бѣсомъ, нъ ясно славимъ Христа Бога нашего, по пророчьству: «Тогда скочить, яко елень, хромыи, и ясенъ будеть языкъ гугнивыих».
И прѣжде бывшемь намъ яко звѣремь и скотомъ, не разумѣющемь десницѣ и шюицѣ и земленыих прилежащем, и ни мала о небесныих попекущемся, посла Господь и къ намъ заповѣди, ведущаа въ жизнь вѣчную, по пророчьству Иосиину: «И будеть въ день онъ, глаголеть Господь, завѣщаю имъ завѣтъ съ птицами небесныими и звѣрьми земленыими и реку не людем моимъ: «людие мои вы», и ти ми рекуть: «Господь Богъ нашь еси ты».
И тако странни суще, людие Божии нарекохомся, и врази бывше, сынове его прозвахомъся.
Scripture echoes
- ↩John.1.17 — For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.
- ↩Matt.9.17;Mark.2.22;Luke.5.37 — Neither do people pour new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the skins are destroyed. But they pour new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved. Mark.2.22 — And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; but if not, the wine will burst the skins, and the wine is destroyed and the skins [too]. But new wine is for fresh skins. Luke.5.37 — And no one puts new wine into old wineskins; but if not, the new wine will burst the skins, and it will be spilled, and the skins will be destroyed.
- ↩Heb.10.1;Col.2.17 — For the law, having a shadow of the good things to come — not the very image of the realities — can never, by the same sacrifices which they offer continually year after year, perfect those who draw near. Col.2.17 — These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body belongs to Christ.
- ↩Luke.5.38;Matt.9.17 — But new wine must be put into fresh wineskins. Matt.9.17 — Neither do people pour new wine into old wineskins; otherwise the skins burst, and the wine is spilled, and the skins are destroyed. But they pour new wine into fresh wineskins, and both are preserved.
- ↩1Cor.11.24 — and having given thanks, he broke it and said, 'This is my body, which is for you. Do this in remembrance of me.'
- ↩John.6.53-John.6.56;1Cor.10.16 — So Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in yourselves." John.6.54 — The one who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up on the last day. John.6.55 — For my flesh is true food, and my blood is true drink. John.6.56 — The one who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him. 1Cor.10.16 — The cup of blessing that we bless — is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ? The bread that we break — is it not a sharing in the body of Christ?
- ↩Isa.35.6-Isa.35.7 — Then the lame shall leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute shall sing for joy; for waters shall break forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert. Isa.35.7 — The scorching heat shall become a pool, and the thirsty ground springs of water; in the haunt of jackals, where they once lay, grass shall grow with reeds and rushes.
- ↩Isa.35.6-Isa.35.7 — Then the lame shall leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute shall sing for joy; for waters shall break forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert. Isa.35.7 — The scorching heat shall become a pool, and the thirsty ground springs of water; in the haunt of jackals, where they once lay, grass shall grow with reeds and rushes.
- ↩Isa.35.5 — Then the eyes of the blind will be opened, and the ears of the deaf will be unstopped.
- ↩Isa.35.6 — Then the lame shall leap like a deer, and the tongue of the mute shall sing for joy; for waters shall break forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert.
- ↩Hos.2.18;Hos.2.23 — And it shall be in that day — declares the LORD — you will call me 'my husband,' and no longer will you call me 'my master.' Hos.2.23 — And it shall come to pass in that day, declares the LORD, I will answer the heavens, and they shall answer the earth.
Notes
- 1 ↩вина новааго учениа благодѣтьна: rendered as 'wine of the new teaching of grace' (new gospel teaching that is of grace), not merely 'new gracious wine'.
- 2 ↩закона стѣня: 'shadow of the Law' (стѣнь), in the traditional sense of the Law as a shadow of the coming reality, not a physical wall.
- 3 ↩языкы: rendered as 'peoples' (nations/tongues as ethnic peoples), matching the chapter's movement toward the Russian people (язык рускыи); 'languages' is also possible.
- 4 ↩язык here means people/nation, not tongue/language; rendered as 'people' for sense.
- 5 ↩Иудеа (Judea, singular personified) is distinguished from иудеи (the Jews, plural); both contrasts are preserved.
- 6 ↩дробимъ (broken/portioned) points to Eucharistic fraction; rendered as 'broken as an offering' to keep sacrificial and sacramental force without over-specifying liturgical detail.
- 7 ↩«ходящиимъ по безднѣ» is rendered 'those who walk through the deep'; the Church Slavonic may reflect a Septuagintal/Slavonic Isaiah reading rather than the familiar English of Isa 35:6–7 alone.
- 8 ↩человѣколюбие Божие is the classical Orthodox phrase for God's philanthropy / love for humankind; rendered here as 'God's love for humankind' rather than the technical calque 'philanthropy of God'.
- 9 ↩«не разумѣющемь десницѣ и шюицѣ» is the biblical idiom for lacking moral and spiritual discernment (cf. Jonah 4:11), not mere physical confusion of the hands.
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