SR
Chapter 5MenosprAldea.1.5

Capítulo IV: DE LA VIDA QUE HA DE HAZER EL CORTESANO EN SU CASA DESPUÉS QUE UVIERE DEXADO LA CORTE

The Illusion of Courtly Life

True prudence lies in discerning the hidden dangers of courtly life, which often mask evil under the guise of good.

Myronides, a learned philosopher and famous Boeotian captain, often said that a person’s prudence isn't shown by knowing how to avoid what is bad, but by knowing how to choose what is good; this is because no good can hide under evil, but a great deal of evil can be disguised under good. Just as the sorceress begins with *per signum crucis* and ends in Satan and Barabbas, in the same way the very greatest evils always take their start from some pretended goods; so they come masked like a mummer, baited like a hook, sugared like rhubarb, and gilded like pills.12 There is no one in the world so foolish that they don't know how to avoid what is openly evil, and for that reason, a sensible person should be more careful to guard against what they themselves think is not entirely good. When Alexander the Great was being treated for wounds sustained in battle, his favorite, Parmenio, scolded him for throwing himself into such danger. Alexander replied, "You keep me safe from false friends, Parmenio, and I'll take good care to guard myself from open enemies."3 Alexander, Alcibiades, Agesilaus, Demetrius, Pyrrhus, Pompey, Antigonus, Lentulus, and Julius Caesar—their enemies never managed to finish them off, and in the end they died at the hands of their friends.4

The Necessity of a Settled Heart

Leaving the court is insufficient if one does not also leave behind the restless passions and vices cultivated there.

To get to the point: anyone wanting to leave court life must look carefully not only at what they are leaving behind, but also at what they are taking up. I don't think leaving the court is as difficult as the courtier finding themselves outside of it. What good does it do you to leave the court fed up and worn out if you don't bring a settled heart with you? .5 Although our body is heavy and pampered, if it is allowed to rest, it is at ease wherever it finds itself. But that traitor, the heart, is never content; if it were possible, the heart would want to stay at court enjoying favor while simultaneously taking its ease in the village.6 If the courtier carries with him to his house the affections and passions he picked up at court, he would have been better off never withdrawing there; because in solitude vices are more powerful and men much weaker. In the courts of princes it often happens that the various pieces of business, and even the little money,7 are enough to keep a man from vice; yet once he gets home, he does things so ugly that they deserve to be spoken against, and even more, to be punished.8 Many leave court just to be more idle and vicious. We wouldn't say these men are withdrawing to be good, but rather that they are looking for more time to sin. Many avoid vice while at court simply to avoid being accused or defamed; yet once they leave and go home, they have neither conscience before God nor any shame before other people. Above all, the man who leaves court should leave behind the factions he followed there and the passions he took on; because otherwise he will sigh for the court he left and weep over the life he took up.9 No one denies that court offers many ways for a man to lose himself, or that home life makes it easier to be saved; but in the end, it does a courtier little good to change his location if he doesn't change his nature.10 When the courtier says, "I want to go to my own country to withdraw, and I want to go home to die," we will gladly forgive him that promise; because for the present it is enough that he withdraw to live well, without settling on dying.

Escaping the Gilded Prison

Retirement is a liberation from a disordered life, requiring a gradual and deliberate rooting out of vices.

No one has the right to despise our mortal life; rather, each of us is bound to improve it.11 When holy Job said, "My soul is weary of my life," it wasn't living that weighed on him, but the fact that he wasn't improving himself. A man who leaves court to go home can more justly say he is going off to live than that he is going off to die; for in escaping the court, he should realize he is escaping a gilded prison, a disordered life, a dangerous sickness, suspect company, a drawn-out death, a carved tomb, and a confused commonwealth.12 A sensible man who understands rest will say that life at court is a kind of dying, and that rest at home is truly living; for there is no life in the world equal to a man waking up free, going where he wants, and doing what he ought. Many courtiers at court do what they must, and very few do what they want; because for their business, and even for their pastimes, they have the will but not the freedom. Anyone leaving the court needs to begin gathering his thoughts long beforehand, and even withdrawing his hand from business; because reaching his homeland takes many days, but rooting evil desires out of himself takes many years.13 Just as vices cling to a man little by little, so he must cast them off little by little; because if he waits to throw them all out at once, he will never cast any of them out. So the courtier must look at which vices most occupy his heart and master his body, and he must begin to shake himself free from those first—that is, one today, another tomorrow, and another the day after—so that where a vice goes out, a virtue may take its place.14 Nor should this be taken to mean that vices have to be cleared away day by day in strict order as the days succeed one another; for the one who each month casts a vice out of himself will have done no small thing. The greatest deception courtiers suffer is this: after thirty years of bad behavior at court, they think that once they've gone home, they'll be virtuous in two years. It takes many days to learn how to be virtuous and many more to stop being vicious. Vices have a way of entering our doors laughing, but they leave us weeping when they go. Oh, how much greater is the pain vices leave behind when they depart than the pleasure they gave us while we enjoyed them!15 If vice causes pain to a person even when they don't practice it every day, what will it do when it finally leaves their house? For the ambitious courtier, not commanding will be a pain; for the greedy one, not gaining will be a pain; and for the restless schemer, not hustling and intrigue will be a pain; and for that reason we say and affirm that if leaving court takes real courage, knowing how to enjoy rest takes good sense.16 Those who leave the court only for show will feel more pain at being absent from it than they felt pleasure while they were there. If they would take my advice, they would work not only to leave it but to forget it—because the court is very pleasant for trading news, but very dangerous for testing its tricks.17 The courtier should leave the court in such a way that he leaves no pasture to draw him back to it; because otherwise the solitude of his house will make him turn again to seek the freedom of the court.18

Guarding Against Courtly Nostalgia

The retired courtier must avoid the temptation to look back at courtly preferments and learn to endure domestic trials with patience.

In the heart of a person who has already withdrawn from the world to live virtuously, every time a bishopric, a commandery, a governorship, or another office opens up, vain and frivolous thoughts sound the alarm. They whisper that if he hadn't withdrawn, he would have been promoted by now. For that reason, we say such a person should avoid talking about the court, or even bringing it to mind.1920 The good courtier should also remember that there have been other vacancies when he was not appointed, and that it could well be that nothing would fall to him now either, and that it is less of an affront for him to hear the outcry from afar; because at court you sometimes feel more what they say about not having provided for you than what they take from you when they do give you such an appointment.21 Court life is so bitter and full of opportunities for harm that a courtier who rejects it shouldn't think it's a matter of choice, but of necessity; because anyone perverse enough to insist on staying at court will soon be ruined or, in the end, lost.22 Once the courtier has returned home to rest, he must take great care not to become resentful; otherwise, if he was weary at the palace, he'll live in despair in the village.23 The want of company and conversation, his wife's importunity, his children's mischief, his servants' carelessness, and even his neighbors' gossip are bound at times to upset and vex him; but when he thinks that he has escaped the court and its so dangerous gulf, he should count it all well spent.24

The Discipline of Honest Labor

Idleness is the enemy of virtue; therefore, the retired man must occupy himself with honest work to maintain health and spirit.

No one should think that by coming to live in the village and withdrawing to his house, needs will therefore stop seeking him out and troubles will stop finding him; for sometimes the man who never stumbled walking through rough mountain passes fell and wrecked himself in the flowering meadows. Anyone who goes looking for rest would do well to stay busy with good work; because if he lets the body take its ease and the heart think whatever it likes, those two will wear him out and even finish him off. There is nothing in this life so hostile to virtue as idleness, because lost men get their start from idle moments and superfluous thoughts. We ought to feel great compassion for the courtier who does nothing in his house but eat, drink, play games, and take his ease; because if at court he went about surrounded by enemies, in the village he will go about loaded with vices. The idle man is always unwell—slack, lukewarm, sad, sick, brooding, suspicious, and listless; and from this it comes that when the heart gives itself too much to thinking, it later comes to despair.25 The busy and hardworking man is always healthy, well-fed, joyful, ruddy, cheerful, and content; so honest work is the cause of a good constitution and a sound disposition.26

Cultivating a Virtuous Household

A retired life requires choosing good company, avoiding public office, and practicing kindness within one's own home.

A man who plans to retreat to his own home should also seek to connect with wise individuals for conversation; after all, a significant part of becoming a good person involves surrounding oneself with good people. He should also steer clear of vicious, idle, deceitful, and malicious individuals, who are often abundant in small towns; for if the courts of princes are filled with envy, there’s also plenty of malice in the villages. It wouldn't hurt for the man who has withdrawn to read some good books, both historical and instructional; the benefit of books is that they help a person gain wisdom and spend their time wisely.27 He should also adapt his behavior to match those he lives with—being gentle in conversation, very restrained in his demeanor, careful with his words, and not presumptuous in how he treats others; because it’s important to understand that he doesn’t leave the court to give orders, but to find rest.28 If they want to make him mayor or steward of some community, he should avoid it like the plague; for there are no people in the world as restless as those who get involved in the affairs of towns.29 For the restless and proud man it is better to keep going about at court than not.30 .31 than to withdraw to the village, because village business is bothersome and costly, while court business is honorable and profitable.32 Without taking on lawsuits or holding offices, the good courtier can still help the men of the town council and favor those of his own neighborhood—namely, by giving them sound advice and helping them with a little money. If he sees his neighbors quarreling, he should make peace; if they are weeping, he should comfort them; if they are mistreated, he should defend them; if they are in need, he should help them; and if they are caught up in lawsuits, he should cut the disputes short. That way, he’ll live at ease and be well-liked by the whole town council.33 It also suits him not to be proud, heavy-handed, irritating, or pushy in his own house; because otherwise his wife will come to hate him, his neighbors will leave him, his children will disobey him, and even his servants will fail him. So it is sound advice that he honor his wife, treat his daughters kindly, put up with his sons, be patient with his tenants, keep on good terms with his neighbors, and forgive his servants; because in a sensible man's house more things have to be overlooked than punished.34 Nor does it suit him, once away from court, to throw expensive banquets, set out delicate dishes, send for costly wines, or bring fools and buffoons into his house; because the point of retiring from court should not be to pamper himself more, but to live more decently. A courtier who withdraws to his home should be sober in his eating, moderate in his drinking, decent in his dress, careful in his pastimes, and virtuous in his conversation. Otherwise, he’ll turn the village into a court, when he ought to be turning the court into a village. The man who turns the village into a court is the one who lives in the village just as he used to live at court; the man who turns the court into a village is the one who lives at court just as people live in the village.

Final Preparation for Eternity

The ultimate goal of retirement is to perform works of mercy, settle one's conscience, and prepare for a holy death.

It is also necessary that, once settled in his house, he visit the hospitals, help the poor, favor the orphans, and share with the destitute; because in this way he will redeem the wrongs he committed and even the goods he stole. It is also the duty of the good courtier to bring estranged couples back into peace, reconcile enemies, visit the sick, and pray for the banished—so that no day passes without his doing some notable good work.35 He should also check carefully to see if he holds anything stolen, taken as a bribe, borrowed, pilfered, or ill-gotten; if he finds anything that isn't his, he should return it at once to its owner, because it's impossible for someone with a burdened conscience to have a quiet life. It also suits the courtier who has withdrawn to frequent the monasteries, attend many Masses, hear the sermons, and not even skip Vespers; because virtuous practices, though they tire you at first, become a delight as time goes on.36 It would also be sound advice that in his lifetime he distribute his estate and clear his conscience—namely by helping his relatives, paying what he owes his sons-in-law, settling accounts with his servants, and providing for his children; because after he is dead, everyone will be ready to seize the property and no one to unburden the soul.37 Whoever distributes his estate while he is still alive will have everyone wishing him a long life; and where he does not, hoping to inherit from him, everyone will wish to see him die. Finally we say and advise that the courtier who goes home to withdraw should occupy himself with nothing except preparing to die. Let no one say of all the things set out above that, though they are easy to read, they are hard to carry out; because if we are willing to make the effort, we are capable of far more than we ourselves think of ourselves.

Read the original Latin

Mirónides, docto filósofo e ilustre capitán que fué de los beocios, solía muchas vezes dezir que no se conoscía la prudencia del hombre en saberse apartar de lo malo, sino en saber eligir lo bueno; porque debaxo del mal ningún bien se puede absconder , mas debaxo del bien puédese mucho mal dissimular. Assí como la hechizera comiença con per signum crucis y acaba en Satanás y Barrabás, por semejante manera los muy grandes males siempre tienen principio en algunos fingidos bienes; de manera que vienen enmascarados como el momo , cebados como ançuelo, azucarados como ruíbarbo y dorados como píldoras. No ay hombre en el mundo tan insensato que no se sepa guardar de lo que notoriamente es malo, y por esso el varón cuerdo de ninguna cosa deve bivir tan recatado como de aquello que él piensa no ser del todo bueno. Como al magno Alexandro le curassen de unas heridas que avía rescebido en una batalla y Parmenio su gran privado le riñesse porque se metía tanto en los peligros, respondióle él: «Assegúrame tú, Parmenio, de los amigos fingidos, que yo me guardaré bien de los enemigos manifiestos.

Alexandro, Alcibíades, Agesilao, Demetrio, Pirro, Pompe yo, Antígono, Léntulo y Julio César nunca los pudieron acabar sus enemigos y al fin murieron a manos de sus amigos. Viniendo, pues, al propósito, dezimos que el hombre que quiere dexar la vida de la corte deve mucho mirar no sólo lo que dexa, mas aun lo que toma; porque yo no tengo por tan difficultoso el dexarla como es hallarse el cortesano fuera della. ¿Qué aprovecha salirse uno de la corte aborrido y cansado si no lleva el coraçón assossegado? . Aunque nuestro cuerpo es pesado y regalado, si le dexan descansar, a do quiera se halla; mas el traidor del coraçón es el que nunca se contenta; porque, si fuesse posible, querría el coraçón quedarse en la corte privando y estarse en el aldea holgando. Si las affecciones y passiones que cobró el cortesano en la corte lleva consigo a su casa, más le valiera nunca retraerse a ella; porque en la soledad son los vicios más poderosos y los hombres muy más flacos.

En las cortes de los principes muchas vezes acontesce que los varios negocios y aun los pocos dine. ros son causa para abstenerse un hombre de los vicios; el qual después que se va a su casa haze cosas tan feas que son dignas de murmurar y mucho más de castigar. Muchos ay que se van de la corte por estar más ociosos y ser más viciosos; y de los tales no diremos que como buenos se van a retraer, sino a buscar más tiempo para pecar. Ora por no ser acussados, ora por no ser infamados, muchos se abstienen en la corte de ser viciosos, los quales después que de allí salen y se van a su casa ni para con Dios tienen consciencia ni aun de la gente han vergüenza. Ante todas cosas combiene al que sale de la corte dexar en ella las parcialidades que siguió y las passiones que cobró; porque de otra manera sospirará por la corte que dexó y llorará por la vida que tomó. No se niega que en la corte no aya ocasión para uno se perder y que en su casa ay más aparejo para se salvar; mas al fin poco aprovecha al cortesano que mude la región si no muda la condición. Quando dize el cortesano: Quiérome ir a mi tierra a retraer, y quiérome ir a mi casa a morir, bien le perdonaremos aquella promesa; porque abasta al presente que se retraiga a bien bivir sin que se determine morir.

Kata nuestra vida mortal ninguno tiene licencia de aborrescerla, mas tiene obligación de enmendarla. Quando el sancto Job dezia: Taedet animam meam vitae meae, no le pesava porque bivía, sino porque no se enmendava. El que dexa la corte y se va a su casa, con más razón puede dezir que se va a bivir que no que se va a morir; porque en escapar de la corte ha de pensar que escapa de una prisión generosa, de una vida desordenada, de una enfermedad peligrosa, de una conversación sospechosa, de una muerte prolixa, de una sepultura labrada y de una república confusa. El hombre cuerdo y que sabe el reposo, lo que está en la corte dirá que muere y lo que reposa en su casa dirá que bive; porque no ay en el mundo otra igual vida sino levantarse hombre con libertad e ir do quiere y hazer lo que deve. Muchos son los cortesanos que hazen en la corte lo que deven y muy poquitos hazen lo que quieren; porque para sus negocios y aun passatiempos tienen voluntad, mas no libertad. Al que se va de la corte combiénele que mucho tiempo antes comience a recoger los pensamientos y aun a alçar la mano de los negocios; porque para llegar a su tierra ha menester muchos días, mas para desarraigar de sí los malos desse os ha menester muchos años. Como los vicios se apegan al hombre poco a poco, assí los deve de ir desechando de sí poco a poco; porque si espera a echarlos todos juntos, jamás echará de sí ninguno. Deve, pues, el cortesano mirar quáles son los vicios que tienen su coraçón más ocupado y su ouerpo más enseñoreado, y de aquellos deve primero començar a se sacudir y expedir, es a saber, hoy uno y mañana otro y otro día otro; de manera que de do saliere un vicio, le suceda una virtud.

No se entiende tampoco esto a que como suceden los días, así, por orden, se ayan de ir expediendo los vicios; porque no hará poco el que cada mes echare de sí un vicio. El mayor engaño que padescen los cortesanos es en que aviendo sido en la corte treynta años malos, piensan que idos a sus casas serán en dos años buenos. Muchos días ha menester un hombre para aprender a ser virtuoso y muchos más días para dexar de ser vicioso; porque los vicios son de tal calidad, que se entran por nuestras puertas riendo y al despedirse nos dexan llorando. ¡0 quánto mayor es el dolor que los vicios de xan quando se van que no el plazer que nos dan quando se gozan! ; porque si el vicio da pena al vicioso quando cada día no le frequenta, ¿qué hará quando de su casa se despida? Al cortesano que es ambicioso, pena se le hará el no mandar; al que es codicioso, pena se le hará el no ganar, y al que es bullicioso, pena le será el no trampear; y por esso dezimos y afirmamos que si para dexar la corte es menester buen ánimo, para saber gozar del reposo es menester buen seso. A los que fingidamente dexan la corte, más pena les dará el verse della absentes que tenían plazer estando en ella presentes; los quales, ei mi consejo quisiessen tomar, no sólo trabajarían de dexarla, mas aun de olvidarla; porque la corte es muy apacible para contar della nuevas y muy peligrosa para provar aus mañas. De tal manera combiene al cortesano salirse de la corte, que no dexe pasto para tornarse a ella; porque de otra manera la soledad de su casa le hará tornar a buscar la libertad de la corte.

Al coraçón del hombre ya retraído y virtuoso, todas las vezes que vacan obispados, encomiendas, tenencias y otros officios le tocan al arma los pensamientos vanos y livianos, diziendo que si no se uviera retraído, le uvieran ya mejorado; y por esso dizimos que se guarde el tal de tomar la corte en la lengua, ni aun de traerla a la memoria. Deve también pensar el buen cortesano que otras vezes uvo vacantes y no fué él proveído, y que ya pudiera ser que tampoco le cupiera agora ninguna cosa, y que le es menos affrenta esperar de lexos la grita; porque en la corte a las vezes se siente más lo que os dizen de no averos proveído que lo que os quitan en tal provisión.

Son las cosas de la corte tan enconadas y aun tan ocasionadas, que no ha de pensar el cortesano que las menosprescia de voluntad, sino de necessidad; porque todo hombre maligno que tiene tesón de perseverar en la corte, o en breve acabará o al cabo se perderá. Después que el cortesano se viniere a reposar a su casa, dévese mucho guardar de no tomar enojo en ella; porque de otra manera, si en palacio estava aborrido, en el aldea bivirá desesperado. La soledad de la conversación, la importunidad de la muger, las travesuras de los hijos, los descuydos de los criados y aun las murmuraciones de los vezinos, no es menos sino que algunas vezes le han de alterar y amohinar ; mas en pensar que escapó de la corte y de su tan peligroso golfo, lo ha de dar todo por bien empleado.

No ha de pensar nadie que por venirse a morar a la aldea y a retraer a su casa que por esso las necessidades no le han de buscar y los enojos no le han de hallar; que a las vezes el que nunca tropeçó caminando por los puertos ásperos cayó y se derrostró en los prados floridos. Al que va a buscar reposo combiénele estar en buenos exercicios ocupado; porque si dexa al cuerpo holgar y al coraçón en lo que quiere pensar, ellos dos le cansarán y aun le acabarán. No hay en esta vida cosa que sea tan enemiga de la virtud como es la ociosidad; porque de los ociosos momentos y superfluos pensamientos tienen principio los hombres perdidos.

Al cortesano que no se ocupa en su casa sino en comer, bever, jugar y holgar muy gran compasión le emos de tener; porque si en la corte andava rodeado de enemigos, andarse ha en el aldea cargado de vicios. El hombre ocioso siempre anda malo, floxo, tibio, triste, enfermo, pensativo, sospechoso y desganado; y de aquí viene que de darse el coraçón mucho a pensar viene después a desesperar. El hombre ocupado y laborioso siempre anda sano, gordo, regozijado, colorado, alegre y contento; de manera que el honesto exercicio es causa de buena complexión y de sana condición.

Deve también el que se va a retraer a su casa procurar de conoscer hombres sabios con quien conversar; porque muy gran parte es para ser uno bueno acompañarse con hombres buenos. Dévese también mucho apartar de los hombres viciosos, holgazanes, mentirosos y maliciosos, de los quales suelen estar los pueblos pequeños muy llenos; porque si las cortes de los príncipes están llenas de embidias, también en las aldeas ay muchas malicias. No sería mal consejo que el hombre retraído procurasse leer en algunos libros buenos, assí historiales como doctrinales; porque et bien de los libros es que se haze en ellos el hombre sabio y se ocupa con ellos muy bien el tiempo. Combiénele también hazer su condición a la condición de aquellos con quien ha de bivir, es a saber, que sea en la conversación manso, en la criança muy comedido, en las palabras muy corregido y en el tratamiento no presumptuoso; porque se ha de tener por dicho que no sale de la cort par mandar, sino por descansar. Si le quisieren hazer ataalde o mayordomo de alguna república (uárdese dellocomo de pestilencia; porque no en el mundo hombres tan desassossegados como que se meten en negocios de pueblos. Al hombre ballicioso y orgulloso mejor le es andarse en la corte que no . .

1 retraorse a la aldea; porque los negocios de la aldea son enojosos y costosos y los de la corte son honrosos y provechosos. Sin encargarse de pleytos ni tomar officios puede el buen cortesano ayudar a los de concejo y favorescer a los de su barrio, es a saber, dándoles buenos consejos y socorriéndolos con algunos dineros. Si viere a aus vezinos reñir, póngalos en paz; si los viere llorar, consuélelos; si los viere maltratar, deffiéndalos; si los viere en necessidad, socórralos, y si los viere en pleytos, a tájeselos; porque desta manera bivirá él assossegado y será de todo el concejo bien quisto. Combiénele también que no sea en su casa orgulloso, pessado, enojoso e importuno; porque de otra manera la muger le aborrescerá, los vezinos le dexarán, los hijos le desobedescerán y aun los criados le desservirán . Es, pues, saludable consejo que honre a su muger, regale a sus hijas, sobreHleve a sus hijos, espere a sus renteros, se comunique con sus vezinos y perdone a sus criados; porque en la casa del hombre cuerdo más cosas se han de dissimular que castigar. No le combiene tampoco fuera de la corte hazer combites costosos, aparejar manjares delicados, embiar por vinos presciosos ni traer a su casa locos ni chocarreros; porque el fin de retirarse de la corte ha de ser no para más se regalar, sino para más honestamente bivir. El cortesano que se retrae a su casa deve ser en el comer sobrio, en el bever moderado, en el vestir honesto, en los passa tiempos cauto y en la conversación virtuoso; porque de otra manera haría de la aldea corte aviendo de hazer de la corte aldea. Aquel haze de la aldea corte que bive en el aldea como bivía en la corte, y aquel haze de la corte aldea que bive en la corte como biven en la aldea.

Esle también necessario que, puesto en su casa, visite los hospitales, socorra a los pobres, favorezca a los huérfanos y reparta con los mezquinos; porque desta manera redimirá los males que cometió y aun los bienes que robó. También es officio del buen cortesano concordar a los descasados, reconciliar a los enemigos, visitar a los enfermos y rogar por los desterrados; por manera que no se le passe día sin hazer alguna notable obra. Deve también mirar si tiene algo robado, cohechado, emprestado , hurtado o mal ganado; y si hallare algo no ser suyo, tórnelo luego a su dueño; porque es imposible que tenga la vida quieta el que tenga la conciencia cargada. Combiene también al cortesano retraído freqüentar los monesterios, ver muchas missas, oír los sermones y aun no dexar las vísperas; porque los exercicios virtuosos, aunque a los principios cansan, andando el tiempo de leytan. Seríale también saludable consejo que en su vida repartiesse su hazienda y descargasse su consciencia, es a saber, socorriendo a sus deudos, pagando a sus yernos, descargando con sus criados y remediando a sus hijos; porque después de él muerto, todos serán a hurtar la ha zienda y ninguno a descargar el ánima. El que repartiere su hazienda en la vida, dessearle han todos que biva; y donde no , con esperança de le heredar, todos le dessearán ver morir. Finalmente dezimos y aconsejamos que el cortesano que se va a su casa a retraer no se ha de ocupar sino en aparejarse para morir. Todas las sobredichas cosas no diga nadie que, si son fáciles de leer, son difficiles de cumplir; porque si nos queremos esforçar, muy para más somos que nosotros de nosotros mismos pensamos.

Notes

  1. 1momo: Golden-Age Spanish for a masked buffoon/mummer (also Momus); rendered as 'mummer' for the mask-and-disguise image.
  2. 2per signum crucis left in Latin as a ritual formula the witch mouths at the start of a charm, then ends invoking Satan and Barabbas.
  3. 3Source opens the speech with « and does not close it in this section; translation closes the quote at the natural end of the reported reply.
  4. 4Source reads «Pompe yo»; treated as the proper name Pompeyo (Pompey).
  5. 5Input sentence is only a bare period with no recoverable Spanish text.
  6. 6«privando» rendered as enjoying favor (court influence as a favorite); «holgando» as taking its ease / living at leisure.
  7. 7Source line-break splits 'dineros' across s1 ('dine') and s2 ('ros'); rendered as 'money' from the joined reading.
  8. 8Opens with residual of split 'dineros' ('ros'); subject is the business and scarce money of s1.
  9. 9'parcialidades' rendered as court factions/party attachments, not mere partiality of judgment.
  10. 10Spanish 'No se niega que… no aya' is a double-negative affirmation; rendered as a plain positive that opportunity for ruin exists at court.
  11. 11Opening "Kata" is read as early-modern Spanish cata/para ("as for / consider"); sense is topic-setting, not a foreign word.
  12. 12"prisión generosa" rendered "gilded prison" (luxurious captivity); "república confusa" as disordered public life/commonwealth rather than modern "republic" alone.
  13. 13"malos desse os" read as "malos desseos" (evil desires); spacing is a source/OCR artifact.
  14. 14"ouerpo" read as "cuerpo" (body); clear early-print/OCR error.
  15. 15Normalized reading of corrupt print: ¡0 → ¡O; de xan → dexan (leave).
  16. 16trampear: court-world scheming/hustling (deals, tricks, busy intrigue), not modern 'to cheat' alone; bullicioso: restless, meddlesome, full of stir.
  17. 17Normalized readings of corrupt print: ei → si; aus mañas → sus mañas.
  18. 18pasto (pasture/fodder) is figurative: residual attachment, excuse, or unfinished court business that can feed a return. libertad de la corte is the court's supposed freedom, ironic in context.
  19. 19Rendered as 'commandery grants' for the royal/military-order livings and similar court favors Guevara has in view; not the later colonial encomienda alone.
  20. 20Military idiom ('sound the call to arms'): the vain thoughts stir him as if to battle, not literal weaponry.
  21. 21The public clamor and gossip around court preferments; 'outcry' keeps the noise and scramble without over-specifying.
  22. 22enconadas y aun tan ocasionadas: rendered as 'embittered' and 'full of occasion for harm' (poisoned/inflamed court affairs that continually give rise to trouble).
  23. 23aborrido: early modern for weary/bored/disgusted; rendered as 'weary' to keep the contrast with desesperado.
  24. 24soledad de la conversación: not mere silence, but solitude for lack of (courtly) company and talk; golfo is the court's dangerous gulf/sea.
  25. 25tibio rendered as lukewarm (spiritual/moral tepidity as well as physical listlessness); floxo as slack (period flojo).
  26. 26gordo rendered as well-fed (period sense of healthy flesh, not pejorative fatness); complexión as constitution (humoral/physical temperament).
  27. 27Source reads «porque et bien de los libros»; translated as «el bien» (the good/benefit of books), taking «et» as a Latinism or corruption of «el».
  28. 28Source «no sale de la cort par mandar» read as «no sale de la corte para mandar» (he does not leave the court to command).
  29. 29Corrupt source «ataalde o mayordomo… (uárdese dellocomo de pestilencia; porque no en el mundo hombres tan desassossegados como que se meten…» restored as «alcalde o mayordomo… guárdese de ello como de pestilencia; porque no hay en el mundo hombres tan desasosegados como los que se meten…».
  30. 30«ballicioso» taken as «bullicioso» (restless/turbulent). Sentence is truncated in the source («que no .»); the following section begins with material about withdrawing to the village, so the intended contrast may have been «better to stay at court than to withdraw to the village», but that completion is not present in this section’s text.
  31. 31Source text is only a period («.»), almost certainly residual from the truncated previous sentence or a bad section split; no independent propositional content to translate.
  32. 32Source opens with a stray '1' before 'retraorse' and reads as a continuation of the truncated previous sentence (MenosprAldea.1.5.10.s6: better for the quarrelsome, proud man to stay at court than not…). Rendered as the comparative clause plus its porque explanation.
  33. 33Read 'aus vezinos' as 'sus vecinos' (his neighbors); 'a tájeselos' as 'atájeselos' (settle/cut short their suits).
  34. 34Read 'sobreHleve' as 'sobrelleve' (bear with / put up with).
  35. 35descasados: taken as people estranged in marriage or household discord (Golden Age sense), not merely the unmarried.
  36. 36Source ends 'andando el tiempo de leytan'; read as 'deleitan' (they delight / become delightful), a common early-modern orthography for 'deleitan'.
  37. 37'la ha zienda' is a line-break form of 'la hazienda' (the estate).

Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion

Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat

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  • A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
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