Capítulo XIX: DO EL AUCTOR CUENTA LAS VIRTUDES QUE EN LA CORTE PERDIÓ Y LAS MALAS COSTUMBRES QUE ALLÍ COBRÓ
The Weariness of a Wasted Life
The author laments the loss of his youth and the corruption of his heart through the vanities of the court.
By now my fortune is gone, my friends have died, my strength has run out, my life has perished, my youth has ended, my rivals have grown tired, my appetites have ceased, and even my pleasures have left me.1 If only it had all come to an end—how much better that would have been for me! But woe is me!2 For nothing is left in me but the traitor heart, which never stops wanting vain things, and that cursed tongue, which never stops speaking empty words.✦ I know this not from books but from experience: forgetting injuries, holding back words, and checking desires are three things that leave only with great difficulty, and are late or never uprooted from the heart.3 How far it is from who I was to who I am now; because before I went to court I found myself devout, withdrawn, disciplined, and God-fearing, and since then I have turned weak, slack, lukewarm, self-willed, and bold—and not even very careful about the things of my soul.✦45 Woe is me! Woe is me!
The Instability of Vain Resolutions
The author confesses his inability to keep holy resolutions and his tendency toward self-deception while living at court.
I am what I wasn't, and I'm not what I ought to be; I am deaf in my ears, blind in my eyes, lame in my feet, gouty in my hands, weak in strength, old in my gray hairs, and still a boy in my ambitions. I want to tell of my resolutions, and you'll see how unstable I was in them; for my heart was of such a bad disposition that in everything I sought rest, and in everything I found danger and torment.6 Many times I resolved to leave the court, and at once I regretted it; I resolved to stay at home, and then I fell away; I resolved not to go to the palace, and then I went the next day; I resolved not to speak of a vacant post, and then I asked for it; I resolved never to get angry again, and then I flew into a passion; I resolved to visit no one, and then I scattered myself about; I put on an angry face, and then I softened; I made bargains with myself to study, and then I grew tired; I determined to hold myself in check, and then I pushed ahead; finally, I say that all my years have gone by full of holy desires and empty of good works.7 In keeping with what I've said, I say that in forming holy resolutions no saint surpassed me, and in being a great sinner no sinner equaled me. Oh, how many things I promised myself, what castles in the air I built, what vain hopes I held, what excesses—for it is certain and true that everything I desired was vanity, and everything I thought was sheer frivolity.8 Let's go on with the confession, since for me it's all just more confusion. Many times at court, when I was alone, I would start thinking how I compared with others and they with me, and I persuaded myself that in blood none was so pure, in learning so learned, in teaching so graceful, in counsel so wise, in speech so measured, in writing so elegant, in manners so well bred, and in conversation so affectionate.9 And after I turned back on myself and saw the faults that were in me, I found for certain and true that in everything I was bearing false witness about myself, and that all of that was found in others and not in me.
The Mask of the Courtier
The author contrasts the outward reputation he maintained at court with the inner turmoil of his desires and thoughts.
I was glad that everyone took me for a holy man, everyone for learned, everyone for recollected, everyone for free of passion, everyone for content, everyone for zealous, and everyone for calm; and yet, on the other hand, my will was a deep sea of desires and my heart a sea of thoughts.10 Oh, how great a difference there is between what we courtiers are and what we were bound to be—because when it comes to honor we want to be highly esteemed, and in how we live we want to be completely free, and those two things cannot go together, for disordered freedom has always been the enemy of virtue!11 I'm astonished at myself when I see that I wasn't who I am now, and I'm not who I used to be; I used to long for the court to move every day, but now I don't even feel like leaving the house. I used to take delight in seeing new things, but now I wouldn't even want to hear the news. I used to never be found without conversation, but now I love nothing but solitude. It used to please me to see my friends, but now I find them tiresome. I used to take delight in watching fools, hearing buffoons, and talking with the mad, but now I have no desire to see the one who's mad, nor even to set myself to talking with a sensible man.12 I used to find some pastime in hunting with a ferret, fishing with a rod, and shooting a crossbow—but now I take no pleasure or pastime in any of these things, or in others, except in filling myself up with thoughts of the past.
Remembrance of the Cloister
The author reflects on his past life in the monastery, where he was supported by community and spiritual discipline.
If I look back on the past, it’s certainly not for the time I enjoyed or the pleasures I experienced, but for the religious life to which God called me and the virtuous monastery from which Caesar took me—where I spent many years, raised in great austerity and without even knowing what frivolous things were.13 There I said my prayers, practiced my disciplines, read from the holy books, rose at night for Matins, served the sick, took counsel with the elders, confessed my faults to my superior, spoke no idle words, said Mass on every feast day, and went to confession every day; in short, I say that everyone helped me to be good and held me back if I wanted to be bad.14
A Warning to the Wise
The author compares his former life to a safe harbor and warns others to leave the court before it is too late.
If I did something right, they approved it immediately; if I made a mistake, they corrected me at once; if I was disobedient, they disciplined me immediately; if I was sad, they consoled me at once; if I was tempted, they came to my aid immediately; and if I was unsettled, they calmed me at once.15 I have so much more reason to be sad about the religious life they took me from than glad about the episcopal dignity they gave me!16 For in the religious life I seemed to be in harbor, and in the episcopal dignity I seem to be heading into deep water. So here, then, is what I've spent my childhood on, wasted my youth on, and employed my old age in; and the worst of it all is that I've neither known how to benefit myself, nor make good use of time, nor understand fortune, nor even enjoy the court—because we only come to know it when it's already time to leave it. It could well be that someone will read this writing who would say and claim that everything written here has happened to him as well; and in that case I warn him and beg him to know better than I how to make good use of his time—or if not, to wash his hands of the court while he still can.17
Read the original Latin
1 Ya mi fortuna se fué, ya mis amigos se murieron, ya mis fuerças se acabaron, ya mi vida peresció, ya mi juventud fenesció, ya mis émulos se cansaron, ya mis apetitos cessaron y aun mis regelos se ausentaron. 10 si todo se acabara y quánto para mi mejor fuera! ; mas, jay de mí! , que no queda otra cosa en mí sino el traidor del coraçón, que nunca acaba de dessear cosas vanas, y la maldita de la lengua, que nunca cessa de dezir palabras livianas. No lo sé por sciencia, sino por experiencia, que olvidar injurias, refrenar palabras y atajar desse os tres cosas son que con gran difficultad se despiden y que tarde o nunca del coraçón se desrraigan. 10 quánto va de quien yo fuí a quien soy agoral; porque me vi antes que fuesse a la corte religioso, retraído, disciplinado y temeroso, y después acá me he tornado flaco, floxo, tibio, absoluto y atrevido y aun de las cosas de mi alma no muy recatado. ¡Ay de mí! , ¡ay de mí!
, que soy el que no era y no soy el que debiera; porque soy en los oydos sordo, soy de los ojos ciego, soy de los pies coxo, soy en las manos gotoso, soy en las fuerças flaco, soy en las canas viejo y soy en las ambiciones moço. Quiero contar mis propósitos, y verán quán vario fuí en ellos; porque era de tan mala yazija mi coraçón, que en todas las cosas buscava descanso y en todas ellas hallava peligro y tormento. Propuse muchas vezes de salirme de la corte, y luego a la hora me arrepentía; proponía de estarme en casa, y luego apostatava ; proponía de no ir a palacio, y luego iba otro día; proponía de no hablar en vacante, y luego la pedía; proponía de más no me enojar, y luego me apassionava; proponía de a nadie visitar, y luego me derramava; hazía del enojado, y luego me amansava; capitulava comigo de estudiar, y luego me cansava; determinava de irme a la mano, y luego sobresalía; finalmente, digo que se me han passado todos mis años llenos de sanctos deseos y vacíos de buenas obras. Conforme a lo dicho, digo que en tener sanctos propósitos ningún sancto me sobrepujó y en ser muy pecador ningún pecador me igualó. ¡O qué de cosas yo mismo a mí mismo me prometía, qué torres de viento hazía, qué vanas esperanças tenía, qué hartazgas por cierto y por verdad que era vanidad todo lo que desseava y muy gran liviandad todo lo que pensava. Vamos adelante con la confessión, pues es todo para mí más confussión. Muchas vezes, en la corte, estando solo, me passava a pensar qué iba de mí a los otros y de los otros a mí, y persuadíame a mí que en sangre ninguno era tan limpio, en sciencia tan docto, en doctrina tan gracioso, en aconsejar tan cuerdo, en hablar tan limitado, en escrevir tan elegante, en criança tan comedido y en conversación tan amoroso. Y después que tornava sobre mí y veía las faltas que avía en mí, halla va por cierto y por verdad que en todo me levantava falso testimonio y que en otros y no en mí se hallava todo aquello.
Holgava que todos me tuviessen por saneto, todos por docto, todos por recogido, todos por desapassionado, todos por contento, todos por zeloso y todos por assossegado; y, por otra parte, estava mi voluntad hecha un piélago de desseos y mi coraçón un mar de pensamientos. ¡O quánta differencia va de lo que los cortesanos somos a lo que éramos obligados de ser, a causa que en la honra queremos ser muy estimados y en el bivir muy libertados, lo qual no se puede compadescer, porque la desordenada libertad siempre fué enemiga de la virtud! Yo mismo de mí mismo estoy espantado de verme que no era el que soy y ni soy el que era; porque solía dessear que la corte se mudasse cada día, y agora no he gana de salir de casa. Solía holgar de ver novedades, y agora aun no querría aún oír nuevas. Solía que no me hallava sin conversación, y agora no amo sino soledad. Solíame plazer con ver a mis amigos, y agora los tengo ya por pessados. Solía holgarme de ver los bovos , oyr los chocarreros y hablar con los locos, y agora ni he gana de ver al que es loco ni aun ponerme a platicar con el cuerdo. Solía que en cazar con hurón, pescar con vara y jugar a la ballesta tenía algún passatiempo, mas agora ya en ninguna cosa destas ni de otras tomo gusto ni passatiempo, si no es en hartarme de pensar en el tiempo passado.
Si me acuerdo del tiempo passado, no es por cierto del tiempo que gocé, ni de los plazeres que passé, sino de la religión a donde Dios me llamó y del monesterio virtuoso de do César me sacó, en el qual estuve muchos años, criado en mucha aspereza y sin saber qué cosa eran liviandades. Allí rezava mis devociones, hazía mis disciplinas, leía en los libros sanctos, levantávame de noche a maytines, servía a los enfermos, aconsejávame con los ancianos, dezía a mi perlado las culpas, no hablava palabras ociosas, dezía missa todas las fiestas, confessávame todos los días; finalmente, digo que me ayudavan todos a ser bueno y me iban a la mano si quería ser malo.
Si en algo acertava, luego lo aprobavan; ei en algo errava, luego me corregían; si en algo me des mandava, luego mne castigavan; si estava triste, luego me consolavan; si andava tentado, luego me remedia van, y si andava alterado, luego me assossegavan. 10 quánta más razón tengo yo de estar triste por la religión de do me sacaron que no alegre por la dignidad episcopal que me dieron! ; porque en la religión parescíame estar en el puerto y en la dignidad episcopal paresco que me voy a lo hondo. He aquí, pues, en lo que he expendido mi puericia, gastado mi juventud y empleado mi senectud; y lo peor de todo es que ni he sabido a mí aprovechar, ni el tiempo emplear, ni a la fortuna conoscer, ni aun de la corte gozar, porque entonces la venimos a conoscer quando es ya tiempo de la dexar. Ya podría ser que alguno leyesse esta escritura el qual dixesse y affirmasse que todo lo que aquí está escrito ha por él mismo passado, y en tal caso le amonesto y ruego sepa mejor que yo aprovecharse del tiempo, o si no, dar con tiempo a la corte mano.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Jer.17.9 — The heart is more deceitful than anything else, and desperately sick — who can know it?
- ↩Rev.3.15-Rev.3.16 — I know your works—that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either cold or hot! Rev.3.16 — So because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I am about to spit you out of my mouth.
Notes
- 1 ↩Source 'regelos' is uncertain; rendered as 'pleasures' on the reading regalos (court delights/self-indulgences). Alternative: recelos, 'suspicions/misgivings'.
- 2 ↩Source 'jay' read as ¡ay! (alas/woe).
- 3 ↩Normalized 'atajar desse os' as 'atajar deseos' (check desires), reading the line-break split.
- 4 ↩'absoluto' rendered as 'self-willed' (living without restraint or rule), not 'absolute' in a political sense.
- 5 ↩Source 'agoral' read as 'agora' (now).
- 6 ↩yazija (yacija): bed/resting-place; here rendered as the heart's ill disposition or poorly grounded state.
- 7 ↩vacante: vacant office/benefice; rendered as vacant post. irme a la mano: restrain myself / hold myself in check.
- 8 ↩torres de viento: towers of wind; rendered as castles in the air. hartazgas: surfeits/excesses; por cierto y por verdad taken as introducing the concluding judgment.
- 9 ↩limitado in speech: measured/restrained rather than limited in ability. criança: breeding/manners.
- 10 ↩Source form saneto is read as sancto/santo ('holy' / 'a holy man').
- 11 ↩compadescer rendered as 'go together' (be compatible); the claim is that high honor and unrestrained living cannot coexist.
- 12 ↩bovos read as bobos ('fools' / simpletons); chocarreros as court buffoons or coarse jokers.
- 13 ↩religión here means the ordered religious (monastic) life, not abstract belief; César is the temporal sovereign who removed the author from the monastery (Guevara was taken into imperial service).
- 14 ↩disciplinas can mean the ordered monastic observances or penitential scourging; both senses fit the monastic setting. perlado is prelado (religious superior). ir a la mano is an idiom for restraining or checking someone.
- 15 ↩Normalized several likely print/OCR splits and slips in the Spanish: 'ei' → 'si'; 'des mandava' → 'desmandava'; 'mne' → 'me'; 'remedia van' → 'remediavan'.
- 16 ↩Leading '10' treated as pagination/folio debris, not part of the sentence. 'religión' rendered as 'religious life' (monastic vocation), matching the preceding monastery context.
- 17 ↩'dar con tiempo a la corte mano' is rendered as the idiom for leaving/giving up court in good time (dar de mano a = wash one's hands of / renounce).
Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit