Capítulo XV: QUE ENTRE LOS CORTESANOS NO SE GUARDA AMIS TAD NI LEALTAD Y DE QUÁN TRABAJOSA ES LA CORTE.
The Illusion of Courtly Friendship
The author exposes the hypocrisy of court life, where outward displays of affection mask deep-seated envy and betrayal.
Among the famous hardships people endure in the courts of princes is this: that no one who lives there can live without hating or being hated, persecuting or being persecuted, envying or being envied, backbiting or being backbitten—because there they tip the hat to many whose heads they would rather take off.1 Oh how many there are at court who laugh in front of others and, once alone, tear into each other!2 Oh how many speak kindly to each other and wish each other harm! Oh how much bowing they do to one another, and how they tear down one another's good name! Oh how many eat at one table and keep mortal enmity!3 Oh how many walk together while their hearts are deeply divided! Oh how many make offers of friendship they would rather devour bite by bite!4 Oh how many visit one another from house to house who would rather bask in the attentions that come with good fortune than offer condolences for some great misfortune!5 I don't affirm it, but I suspect it: that in the courts of princes there are few, and very few, and even fewer still, and barely any at all, who keep whole friendship and keep faith with one another; because there, so long as the courtier gets his own business done, he cares little whether his friend gains or loses.6 I freely confess that many men go about at court who eat together, sleep together, deal together, and even call one another brothers, whose friendship serves for nothing more than to be enemies of others and to commit vices together. What life, what fortune, what pleasure, or what rest can anyone have in a palace when he sees himself sold there among so many?7
The Restless Heart of the Courtier
A reflection on the internal turmoil and insatiable ambition that prevents courtiers from finding peace or satisfaction.
One of the great blessings of this life is having friends we can find refreshment with, and lacking enemies we have to watch out for. We won't leave off saying that there are some courtiers so stubborn in the rivalries they take up and so fierce in the enmities they hold that neither by pleas made to them nor by fears put on them will they turn from the evil purpose they have—so much so that they take pleasure in bringing war into their own houses in order to drive peace out of someone else's house. Since everything we've said is true—and it is—there's very little to expect from friends at court, and even less to trust; because there, since everyone is focused on rising high and getting more, the more a man is a favorite,8 the more they view him as a greater enemy.9 The hardships of court life are so numerous that it's a wonder—and even a fright—how they have the strength to bear them and the heart to hide them. Oh, if only we could see into a courtier's heart, we would see how changeable his thoughts are, how vain his hopes, how unjust his worries, how impatient his pursuits, how unsettled his desires, and how shallow his dealings.10 If a courtier's thoughts were winds and his desires were waters, it would be more dangerous to sail through his heart than through the Gulf of Lion.11 Despite all this, we see nothing every day but people claiming to be full of court life—yet in the end, no one is ever truly satisfied; because, not content with gnawing down to the bone, they still lick their fingers.12
The Heavy Yoke of Ambition
The court is described as a place of self-imposed bondage where the pursuit of freedom for vice leads only to greater suffering.
There's something about the court — an I-don't-know-what, an I-don't-know-where, an I-don't-know-how, and an I-don't-understand-you — that every day makes us complain, gets us worked up, and has us taking our leave; and yet, for all that, it won't give us leave to go.13 The yoke of the court is very hard, the straps that bind it are very strong, and the collar that covers it is very heavy, so that many who think they will triumph at court end up plowing and digging.1415 Courtiers don't put up with so many hardships for any better reason than this: so they won't be subject to others on their own lands, and so they can be freer for vice. How much of his estate, and even his honor, that unhappy freedom costs a courtier; because the subjection he has to his cares is far greater than the freedom he has for vice.16 It is the nature of vices that, however delicious they may be, they cloy in the end; but the cares of honor always torment.
The Bitter Fruits of Vice
A practical examination of how various vices—lust, gluttony, and gambling—fail to provide true pleasure in the courtly setting.
There are very few vices that vicious men can actually enjoy, especially courtiers; because if it involves women, they have to serve them, plead with them, court them, and even pimp for them; and sometimes, once their money runs out, they hand the goods over to the devil. As soon as someone new arrives at court, some cunning courtesan dazzles him, spoils him, and caresses him, and once she has him thoroughly fleeced, she sends him packing as a greenhorn. If the courtier's vice is eating and he eats at home, it happens that someone sometimes comes to dine with him whose name he wouldn't even want to hear mentioned. If by chance he eats away from home, he eats late, he eats cold food, and he eats it tasteless. tasteless, and he even eats under obligation; because if the host is his equal, he has to invite him back, and if he is a lord, he has to follow him and even serve him.17 If the vice is gambling, he can't take much pleasure in that either; because if he wins, there are plenty of people there ready to take a share, and if he loses, there's no one who will give him anything back. If the vice is mocking and scoffing, he takes no pleasure in that either; because court joking is this: they start with jokes and end in insults. We could say the same for four hundred other vices as we have for these four; but the conclusion is that there is no vice in the world equal to a man remaining settled permanently in his house.18
Read the original Latin
Entre los famosos trabajos que en las cortes de los príncipes se passan es que ninguno que allí reside puede bivir sin aborrescer oser aborrescido, perseguir o ser perseguido, tenerémbidia o ser er bidiado, murmurar o ser murnredo, porque alli a muchos quitan la gorra que les querian más qui tar la cabeça. ¡0 quántos a y en la corte que delante otros se ríen y apartados se puerden! O quantos se hablan bien y se quieren mal! O quán to se hazen reverencias y se dejartetan las fama ¡0 quántos comen a una mesa se tienen no BOTLAI inimicia ! 10 quántos se pastean juntos euros coraçones están muy divisos (10 quántos se hazen offrescimientos que se querríais comer a bocados! ¡O quántos se visitan por las casas que querrían más honrarse en las obsequias na buena fortuna que querrían más darse el pésame de alguna gran desgracia. No lo affirmo, mas sospécholo, que en las portes de los príncipes son pocos y muy pocos, y aun muy poquitos y muy repoquitos, los que se tienen entera amistad y se guardan fidelidad; porque allí, con tal que el cortesano haga su facto , poco se le da perder o ganar al amigo. Bien confiesso yo que en la corte andan muchos hombres, los quales comen juntos, duermen juntos, tratan juntos y aun se llaman hermanos, cuya amistad no sirve de más de para ser enemigos de otros y cometer los vicios juntos.
¿Qué vida, qué fortuna, qué gusto ni qué descenso puede tener uno en palacio viéndose allí entre tantos vendido?
Una de las grandes felicidades desta vida es tener amigos con quien nos recrear y carescer de enemigos de que nos guardar. No dexaremos de dezir que hay algunos cortesanos tan obstinados en las competencias que toman y tan encarnizados en las enemistades que tienen, que ni por ruegos que les hazen ni por miedos que les ponen se quieren apartar del mal propósito que tienen, por manera que huelgan de meter en sus casas la guerra por echar de casa de otro la paz. Presupuesto que todo lo que hemos dicho es verdad, como lo es, muy poco ay de los amigos de la corte que esperar y mucho menos que confiar; porque allí, como todos se dan al valer y al tener, quanto más uno es priva. do, tanto le tienen por mayor enemigo. Son los trabajos de las cortes tantos, que es de maravillar, y aun de espantar, cómo tienen fuerças para soportarlos y coraçón para dissimularlos. ¡O si viéssemos el coraçón de un cortesano, cómo veríamos en él quán vario es en lo que piensa, quán vano en lo que espera, quán injusto por lo que pena, quán impaciente en lo que procura, quán indeterminado en lo que desea, y aun quán poco en lo que negocia! Si los pensamientos que el cortesano tiene fuessen vientos y sus desseos fuessen aguas, mayor peligro sería navegar por su coraçón que por el golfo de León. Todo esto no obstante, no vemos cada día otra cosa sino que con la vida de la corte todos dizen que están hartos, mas al fin a ningunos vemos ahitos; porque, no contentos de roer hasta los huessos, se relamen aún los dedos.
Tiene la corte un no sé qué, un no sé dónde, un no sé cómo y un no te entiendo, que cada día haze que nos quexemos, que nos alteremos, que nos des pidamos, y por otra parte, no nos da licencia para irnos. El yugo de la corte es muy duro, las coyundas con que se unze son muy recias y la melena que se cubre es muy pesada: por manera que muchos de los que piensan en la corte triunfar parap después en arar y cavar. No por más suffren los cortesanos tantos trabajos, sino por no estar en sus tierras sujetos a otros y por estar más libertados para los vicios. 10 quánto de su hazienda y aun quánto de su honra le cuesta a un cortesano aquella infelice libertadi; porque muy mayor es la sujeción que tiene a los cuydados que la libertad que tiene para los vicios. Propiedad es de vicios que, por muy sabrosos que sean, al fin empalagan; mas los cuydados de la honra siempre atormentan.
Muy pocos son los vicios en que pueden tomar gusto los hombres viciosos, mayormente los cortesanos; porque si es con mugeres, hanlas de servir, rogar y requestar y aun alcahuetear; y a las vezes, de que se les agota la moneda, dan al demonio la mercadería. Como viene uno de nuevo a la corte, luego le encandila, le regala y le acaricia alguna cortesana taimada, la qual después que le tiene bien pelado embíale para bisoño . Si el vicio del cortesano es en comer y come en su casa, a contésoele que a las vezes va con él alguno a comer сuyo nombre aun no querría ofr nombrar. Si por ventura come fuera de su casa, come tarde, come frío, come desa:
borado y aun come obligado; porque si es su igual, hale de tornar a combidar, y si es señor, hale de seguir y aun servir. Si el vicio es en juego, tampoco puede tomar en él mucho gusto; porque si gana, allí están muchos con quien parta, y si pierde, no ay quien cosa le restituya. Si el vicio es burlar y mofar, tampoco en esto le toma plazer; porque el burlar de la corte es que comiençan en burlas y acaban en injurias. Como hemos dicho destos cuatro vicios, podríamos dezir de otros quatro cientos; mas sea la conclusión que no ay igual vicio en el mundo como estarse el hombre en su casa de assiento.
Notes
- 1 ↩Source shows fused/garbled forms (oser; tenerémbidia; er bidiado; murnredo; qui tar). Read as o ser aborrescido; tener envidia o ser envidiado; murmurar o ser murmurado; más quitar la cabeça.
- 2 ↩Source ¡0 quántos a y / se puerden. Read as ¡O quántos hay / se muerden (or se pierden). Translation follows se muerden as the sharper court antithesis.
- 3 ↩Source heavily corrupted: quán to; dejartetan las fama; no BOTLAI inimicia. Restored as quánto se hazen reverencias y se deshacen/destrozan las famas; se tienen mortal inimicia.
- 4 ↩Source 10 quántos; pastean; euros coraçones; querríais. Read as ¡O quántos; se pasean; y sus coraçones; querrían.
- 5 ↩Source has obsequias (funeral rites) and na buena fortuna. Translation reads the fair-weather sense as obsequios de la buena fortuna (courtesies/attentions of prosperity). If obsequias is retained literally, an alternate sense is gloating at the funeral of another's good fortune.
- 6 ↩portes read as cortes; facto retained in sense of his own business/advantage (haga su hecho/negocio).
- 7 ↩Source reads «descenso» (descent/decline). In this rhetorical series with vida, fortuna, and gusto, the intended word is almost certainly «descanso» (rest/repose), a frequent Guevara contrast with court toil; English follows that sense.
- 8 ↩Sentence ends mid-word on 'priva'; the intended form is almost certainly 'privado' (court favorite), completed in s4's leading 'do'.
- 9 ↩Opens with orphaned 'do,' completing 'privado' from s3: 'quanto más uno es privado, tanto le tienen por mayor enemigo.'
- 10 ↩'quán poco en lo que negocia' rendered as 'how slight in what he deals'—the sense is how little substance or constancy there is in his court business.
- 11 ↩'golfo de León' is the Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean), proverbially stormy; kept as a place-name, not as 'lion's gulf.'
- 12 ↩Wordplay on 'hartos' (full / fed up) vs. 'ahitos' (truly stuffed/sated): they claim to be sick of court life, but never leave off feeding on it.
- 13 ↩Source splits 'despidamos' as 'des pidamos'; translated as the ordinary verb 'despedirse' (to take leave / say goodbye), which pairs with the following clause about not being allowed to leave.
- 14 ↩Normalized text has garbled 'parap'; read as 'paran' ('they end up'), which fits the ox-team metaphor and the contrast between expected court triumph and forced farm labor.
- 15 ↩'melena' in this agricultural image is the heavy pad/collar covering under the yoke (not hair fashion); rendered as 'collar'.
- 16 ↩Leading '10' in normalized_text is almost certainly a stray numeral or misread '¡O!'; omitted in English as an exclamatory 'How much…'. 'libertadi' read as 'libertad'.
- 17 ↩Section opens mid-word: previous sentence ends 'come desa:' and this continues with 'borado' (= desaborado, 'tasteless/flavorless'). Rendered as the completed form; 'hale de' taken as 'ha de' / 'ha-le de' (he must / he is obliged to).
- 18 ↩'estarse ... de assiento' = remaining settled/permanently established; in court satire this likely means staying put in the courtier's household rather than leaving for village life. Source reading 'vicio' retained as given.
Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit