Capítulo XI: QUE EN LAS CORTES DE LOS PRÍNCIPES SON TENIDOS EN MUCHO LOS CORTESANOS RECOGIDOS Y MUY NOTADOS LOS DISSOLUTOS
The Perils of Courtly Reputation
The court is a place of constant surveillance where one's associations and hidden vices are inevitably exposed.
A courtier should not keep company through the court, nor draw near in the palace to vain or frivolous men; because in the houses of princes and great lords, whatever company each man walks with, that is the reputation they will hold him in. From bad company nothing can cling to a courtier except being marked as frivolous or growing used to vice; because, however good a man he may be, he must either imitate what they do or look past what he sees.1 A courtier should not commit sin thinking the king will never know of it, because in the courts of princes—where there are minds so sharp and men so malicious—they not only gossip in the palace about what we do, but even divine what we think.2 Whether great or small, cleric or friar, royal favorite or lowly—there is no man at court whom they do not watch where he enters, wait for where he leaves, stalk where he goes, note whom he deals with, spy on whom he seeks out, note whom he trusts, watch whom he serves, and know whom he takes his ease with.3 Believe me, my lord courtier, don't doubt that if you spend a long time at court, roofs and curtains may cover your person, but they won't hide your vices. It's worth noting—and even more worth weeping over—that both at court and beyond, people today build their houses very high and their rooms very secluded, not so much to live in safety as to sin more secretly.
The Necessity of Patience
A courtier must arm himself with patience to endure the inevitable slights and instability of fortune.
The courtier must not get upset or take offense if he can't speak to the king, if the favorite denied him an audience, if they didn't act on his petition, if they didn't answer his request, if they don't pay him his stipend, if someone mocked him at court, or if someone picked a quarrel with his friend; because the courtier who wants to follow the court and hopes to advance in it must have neither a tongue to talk back nor even hands to avenge himself.45 When a man goes to court, he stocks up on money, horses, clothes, firewood, barley, lodging, and sometimes even a mistress—yet no one stocks up on patience, even though he can buy all those other things, while at every turn they make him lose his patience.6 Anyone who goes about at court without being armed and even lined with patience would be better off never leaving his own land; for if such a man is hot-tempered, high-strung, or thin-skinned, he'll go about the court put to shame and return home in disgrace.7 The anxieties, insults, and sudden shocks we all suffer are never lacking anywhere, but for those who live at court they always overflow; for there's no day or hour in this wretched life when fortune doesn't bring some change. Let the courtier who hears or reads this not lose heart or take offense, since fortune has dominion over no one except the person she catches off guard; far more things frighten us than actually harm us. The courtier shouldn't give in to what the senses ask of him, but to what reason persuades him; for the senses want more than we can get, and reason is content even with less than we have.8 Since at the courts of princes there are so many tables where one can eat, so many gamblers to play with, so many idlers to parade about with, so many talebearers to gossip with, so many wastrels to keep company with, and even so many ladies to court, the reserved are highly praised and the dissolute are closely marked. The good man at court is nothing else but a kernel among the husk, marrow within the bone, an ember under the ash, a cluster of grapes among the pomace, a pearl among the shells, and a rose among the thorns.
Virtue Amidst Corruption
While the court is filled with vice, the virtuous man must remain discerning in his conduct and his patronage.
Just because princes' courts have room for every vice, it doesn't follow that everyone there has to be vicious; in fact, at court, more than anywhere else, the virtuous person is held in higher esteem and the vicious person is more widely talked about. Don't let the courtier trust or put his confidence in thinking he can lie because others lie; that he can hustle because others gamble; that he can commit adultery because others do; or that he can backbite because others backbite; because at court, since everyone is crafty and sharp, they know how to hide their vices, but they don't know how to keep quiet about them.9 We freely admit that in the courts and households of lords, many lying, hustling, turbulent, greedy, and vicious men have risen to great wealth and power—men for whom one should feel pity rather than envy, because if they managed to climb, it's impossible for them to hold their position for long. Oh, how many good men there are at the courts of princes—poor, out of favor, pushed aside, cast down, and forgotten, yet by no means dishonored!10 The person who deserves honor but doesn't have it should be held in higher esteem than the person who has it but doesn't deserve it. I warn, and I warn again, that no one should lose heart or stop being good and virtuous at court even if he sees his rival rich and prospering; because it may well be that, when he least expects it and least thinks of it, fortune will trip the other up so he falls and give him a hand to rise. The courtier should not readily accept services, nor even readily grant favors; because giving to someone who does not deserve it is frivolity, and receiving from someone he should not is meanness.11 Whoever wants to grant a favor of any kind must look carefully and weigh what he gives, because it is great folly for a man to give what he cannot give, or to give what he himself needs. It's also necessary to know and recognize the person to whom you give, because giving to someone who doesn't deserve it is a great affront, and taking from someone who does deserve it is a grave matter of conscience.12 It's also necessary that he look carefully at the time when he gives it; because a good done for a friend is not enough merely to rest on reason—it must also be done at the right time and season. It's also necessary that he look carefully at the purpose for which he gives it; because if he gives to someone disreputable or whose way of life is not very honest, he will diminish much of his estate and much more of his honor.
The Disorder of Patronage
The court's system of rewards is often unjust, favoring sycophants over loyal servants and compromising the freedom of those who receive favors.
One of the great disorders in the courts of princes is that they give more to the joker for one witty line, to the buffoon for a flashy bit of show, to the smooth talker for a bit of flattery, to a court lady for a favor, and to a courier who brings a scrap of news, than to a servant who serves them his whole life.13 I don't condemn lords for sharing with everyone, helping everyone, and giving to everyone—on the contrary, I praise it—since they have enough for everyone; but it's also only fair that among all these, their own servants should come in too. Princes and great men may be served, but they aren't loved for the wages they pay; they're loved for the favors they grant. When lords give to strangers and not to their own people, they can take it as said that those people will not only grumble about what they see them give, but will even accuse them of what they see them do—for there is no crueler enemy in the world than a servant who goes around discontented.14 If the one who grants favors has to be wise, the one who receives them also needs not to be a fool—because liberality is never repaid except by trading away your freedom. When you receive favors, you should pay more attention to who is giving them than to what is actually given; the giver might be of such a character and standing that accepting the gift would be a great disgrace, while refusing it would be a great honor. The day a courtier receives a garment or a jewel from another courtier, or seats himself15 at that man's table—from that day on he is bound to follow his faction, answer for his cause, attend his person, and even defend his honor. I would think that, once he decides to enter by someone else's door, he should do it so that the other man is not ungrateful to him, and he himself is not left ashamed for having followed him.16 I'm ashamed to say it, but I won't leave it unsaid: many sons of good families who hang around the court, with little shame and even less manners, go into houses their fathers never entered—and among people their ancestors never mixed with—to eat, to gamble, and even to gossip, and in doing so they offend the dead and scandalize the living. If they did it intending to head off quarrels or to take pride in being Christians, it would not be something to reproach but to praise without end; but they do it because they're given a silk coat, or a good meal, or a horse for the joust, or a jewel for their mistress—so that, like boys, and very young boys at that, they lower the standing of their house for the sake of a trifle.17 There are other young men at court who, if they aren't of such high rank, are at least of good family, and whose whole business is to parade the streets all day, go through the churches, enter the palaces, talk with couriers, visit the promenades, and chat with foreigners—all for nothing more than to show up at the lords' tables at dinner and supper to report the news and crack jokes; and if from the18 court they have nothing true to say, they never lack something to lie about.19 There is another sort of young man—and even bearded grown men—who have no master at court and draw no salary from the palace; but the moment some foreigner arrives, they stick to him like a nail to a callus, saying they want to take him around the palaces, show him the town, introduce him to the lords, tip him off about court affairs, and walk him down the ladies' street—all to empty his purse.20
The Vagrants and Parasites of the Palace
A catalog of the various types of social parasites, gamblers, and deceivers who sustain themselves through the corruption of the court.
There is another kind of men—or, better said, of vagrants—at court, who go about their business with great authority and no little shrewdness: after they have visited a lord, and sometimes even accompanied him, they send him a page with a petition saying that he is a poor gentleman, related to someone on the Council, very unlucky in fortune, who has known honor, who is trying to secure a post, and who begs his lordship to send him some allowance for expenses.21 There are not a few who live at court by this kind of freeloading buffoonery; nor do they live in such poverty that they cannot keep a page, two servants, a horse, a mule, and even a mistress—men who keep a written schedule of the tables where they are to go eat, in order, each day, and of the lords from whom they are to beg each month.2223 There's another kind of buffoon at court who, once they've been sniffed out in the palaces, go around the monasteries saying they're poor foreign litigants, and that rather than steal, they'd rather ask for it; and in this way they deceive the porters there into giving them food, the preachers into recommending them to their devout followers, and the confessors into helping them with some restitution—so that they eat what belongs to the poor in the monasteries and what belongs to the fools in the palaces.24 There is another type of vagabond at court—men who don't work in the palaces or monasteries, but hang around the squares, pantries, inns, and cheap taverns. They make it their business to escort the majordomo, serve the butler, assist the steward, please the pantry-master, and keep the cook happy. As a result, they always manage to eat by scrounging perks, rations, table scraps, or whatever is left on the sideboard, and they even manage to tuck something away under their arm for supper.25 There is another kind of lost man at court: the ones who go about in fours or in threes, bonded as brothers, as companions, or tied in a gang, and the system they have for keeping themselves is that during the day they scatter through the palaces, through the inns, through the shops, and even through the churches; and if, for his sins, someone is careless with his cloak or his cap or his sword—or even with the purse he carries in his pocket—once that happens, he will neither find what he lost nor run into the one who took it.26 There are other types of lost men at court who have no master, no wages, and no trade. Instead, they live as ruffians attached to a courtesan. Because he finds her lodging and accompanies her when the court moves, she gives him everything she earns by working during the day and sinning at night.27 There is another kind of lost man at court: the gamblers, who keep their horses and servants and fine clothes on gambling alone. Butler: the one who had charge of the wine cellar or pantry.28 Steward: the person responsible for managing the household expenses for the lords. Butler: the person who looked after the silver and table service, and prepared the drinks and sweets. They trade and cheat many fools with loaded dice, marked cards, shady partners, and even foolish stakes; as a result, many lose their estates to them, and they lose their souls along with everything else.29 There is another kind of lost people at court—not men, but women—who, once their harvest and vintage are past and they themselves have grown old and sour, serve as covers and cloaks for sinners: that is, they deceive nieces, bribe daughters-in-law, talk neighbors into it, pester sisters-in-law, sell their daughters, and if not, raise a few young girls to suit their purpose; from which there often comes what I hardly dare say without tears—that sometimes girls are cheaper in their houses than lampreys in the marketplace.3031
The Final Choice: Soul or Status
The author concludes that the cost of worldly advancement at court is too high, preferring the safety of a simple life to the spiritual peril of the palace.
So here are the companies of the court; here the sanctuaries of the court; here the religious orders of the court; here the confraternity brothers of the court; and here is how much risk and misery the man who lives at court lives in. For in plain truth, the wretched courtier who will not throw himself into business cannot prosper there; and if he does throw himself into it, he does not escape sinning—so that only at the cost of his soul can he improve his estate.3233 Let this be the conclusion: whoever wants to can go to court, live at court, and triumph at court. As for me, remembering that I am a Christian and must give an account of my wasted time, I would rather plow outside the court and be saved than prosper at court and damn myself.✦ I don't deny that many are saved in the courts of princes, nor that many are damned outside them; but for my part, I am convinced that because vices are so readily available there, very great sinners are found in those places.34
Read the original Latin
No deve el cortesano acompañarse por la corte ni llegarse en palacio a hombres vanos ni livianos; porque en las casas de los príncipes y grandes señores qual fuere la compañía con que cada uno anda, en tal reputación ternán a su persona. De la mala compañía no se puede apegar al cortesano sino ser notado de liviano o avezarse a ser vicioso; porque por hombre de bien que sea, o ha de imitar lo que hazen o dissimular lo que vee. No deve el cortesano cometer el pecado con pensar que del rey no será sabido, porque en las cortes de los prínoipes, como ay ingenios tan delicados y hombres tan malignos, no sólo parlan en palacio lo que hazemos, mas a un adevinan lo que pensamos. Sea grande, sea pequeño, sea clérigo, sea fraile, sea privado o sea abatido, que no ay hombre en la corte que no le miren do entra, no le aguarden de do sale, no le acechen por do va, no le noten con quién trata, no espíen a quién busca, no noten de quién se fía, no miren a quién sirve y no sepan con quién se huelga. Creedme, señor cortesano, y no dudéis que si mucho tiempo andáis en la corte, que poder podrán los tejados y cortinas a vuestra persona cubrir, mas a no vuestros vicios encubrir. Mucho es de notar y mucho más es de llorar que en la corte y fuera de la corte hazen ya todos los mortales las casas muy altas y los aposentos muy apartados, no tanto para seguramente bivir, como para más secretamente pecar.
No deve el cortesano alterarse ni escandalizarse si no puede hablar al rey, si le negó la audiencia el privado, si no prove yeron a su memorial, si no respondieron a su petición, si no le pagan su tercio, si le motejó alguno en palacio o se atravesó alguno con su amigo; porque el cortesano que quiere la corte seguir y piensa en ella medrar, ni ha de tener lengua para responder ni aun manos para se vengar. Quando uno va a la corte, provéese de dineros, de cavallos, de ropas, de leña, de cebada, de posada y aun a las vezes de amiga, y ninguno se provee de paciencia, como sea verdad que todas estas otras cosas las halla a comprar y la paciencia a cada paso se la hazen perder.
El que en la corte no anda armado y aun aforrado de paciencia más le valiera no salir de su tierra; porque si el tal es brioso, sacudido o mal suffrido, andarse ha por la corte corrido y bolverse ha & su casa affrentado. Las zoçobras, affrentas y sobresaltos que todos padescemos, en ninguna parte nos faltan, mas a los que moran en la corte siem pre les sobran; porque no ay día ni hora en esta mísera vida en la qual no haga alguna mudança fortuna. No desmaye ni se escandalize el cortesano que esto oyere o leyere, pues la fortuna sobre ninguno tiene señorío sino sobre el que ella toma desouydado; porque muchas más son las cosas que nos espantan que no las que nos dañan. No deve el cortesano condescender a lo que la sensualidad le pide, sino a lo que la razón le persuade; porque la sensualidad quiere más de lo que alcançamos y la razón conténtase aún con menos de lo que tenemos. Como en las cortes de los príncipes ay tantas mesas a do comer, tantos tahures a do ju gar, tantos vagamundos con quien ruar, tantos malsines con quien murmurar, tantos perdidos con quien andar y aun tantas damas que requestar, son muy loados los recogidos y muy notados los dissolutos. No es otra cosa el bueno en la corte sino un núcleo entre la cáscara, una medula entre el hueso, una brasa so la ceniza, un razimo entre el orujo, una perla entre las conchas y una rosa entre las espinas.
Ni porque en la corte de los príncipes ay aparejo para todos los vicios no se sigue que han de ser alli todos viciosos, porque en la corte más que en otra parte es el virtuoso más estimado y el vicioso más pregonado. No se fíe ni se confíe el cortesano en pensar que puede mentir, pues otros mienten; puede trafagar pues otros juegan; puede adulterar, pues otros adulteran, y puede malsinar, pues otros malsinan; porque en la corte, como son todos astutos y resabidos, saben los vicios dissimular, mas no los saben callar. No dexamos de confessar que en las cortes y casas de los señores muchos hombres mentirosos, trafagones, reboltosos, codiciosos y viciosos han subido a tener mucho y poder mucho, a los quales más se ha de tener mancilla que no embidia; porque si atinaron a subir, es imposible que allí se puedan mucho tiempo sustentar. 10 quántos buenos ay en las cortes de los príncipes, pobres, desfavorescidos, arrinconados, abatidos y olvidados, y, aunque no por cierto , deshonrados! ; porque en más estima se ha de tener el que meresce la honra y no la tiene que el que la tiene y no la meresce. Aviso y torno a avisar que nadie desmaye ni dexe de ser en la corte bueno y virtuoso aunque vea a su émulo rico y prosperado; porque ya puede ser que, quando no se catare y menos pensare, al otro arme fortuna la zancadilla para caer y a él dé la mano para subir, No deve el cortesano fácilmente resce bir servicios ni aun fácilmente hacer mercedes; porque dar a quien no lo meresce es liviandad y rescebir de quien no deve es poquedad. El que quiere hacer merced de alguna cosa ha de mirar y tantear lo que da, porque es muy gran locura dar uno lo que no puede dar o dar lo que ha menester. Es también necessario que co nozca y aun reconozca a la persona a quien lo da, porque dar a quien no lo meresce es muy grande affrenta y quitarlo a quien lo meresce es gran consciencia .
Es también necessario que mire mucho en el tiempo que lo da; porque el bien que se haze al amigo no abasta que se funde sobre razón, sino que se haga en tiempo y sazón. Es también necessario mire mucho el fin por que lo da; porque si da a persona desacreditada o que en su bivir no es muy honesta, desminuirá mucho de su hazienda y mucho más de su honra.
Uno de los grandes desórdenes que ay en las cortes de los príncipes es que más dan al chocarrero porque dixo una gracia, al truhán porque dixo a la gala a la gala , al bien hablante porque dize una lisonja, a una cortesana porque da un favor y a un correo que trae una nueva, que a un criado que sirve toda su vida. No condeno, sino antes lo alabo, que los señores partan con todos, socorran a todos y den a todos, pues tienen para todos; mas también es justo que entre estos todos también en tren sus criados, porque los príncipes y grandes se flores son servidos, mas no son amados por los salarios que dan, sino por las mercedes que hazen; quando los señores dan a los extraños y no dan a los suyos, ténganse por dicho que no sólo murmurarán de lo que les vieren dar, mas aun los acussarán de lo que les vieren hazer; porque no ay en el mundo tan cruel enemigo como es el criado que anda descontento. Si el que haze las mercedes es necessario que sea cuerdo, el que las rescibe también es menester que no sea bovo; porque nunca se paga la liberalidad si no es a trueque de la libertad.
En el rescebir de las mercedes, más consideración se ha de tener al que lo da que no a lo que se da; porque ya podría ser tal y de tal calidad el que lo diesse que fuesse grande infamia tomarlo y mucha honra dexarlo. El día que un cortesano rescibe de otro cortesano una ropa o una joya o se . assienta a su mesa, desde aquel día queda obligado a seguir su parcialidad, responder a su causa, acompañar a su persona yaun tornar por su honra; sería yo de parescer que, pues ya se determina de entrar por puertas agenas , ses de tal manera que ni el otro le sea ingrato ni él por seguirle le ande corrido. Vergüença he de dezirlo, mas no lo dexaré de dezir, y es que muchos hijos de buenos que andan en la corte, con poca vergüença y menos criança se van a entrar a comer, a jugar, y aun a murmurar en las casas do nunca sus padres entraron y con quienes nunca sus passados se compadescieron, en lo qual offenden a los muertos y escandalizan a los bivos. Si ellos lo hiziessen con intención de atajar enojos o presciarse de oristia nos, no era cosa de reprender, sino de infinito loar; mas házenlo ellos porque les dan un sayo de seda, o una buena comida, o un cavallo para la justa, o una joya para su amiga; de manera que, como moços y muy moços, abaten la auctoridad de su casa por interesse de una miseria. Ay otros mancebos en la corte que, ei no son de tan alta estofa, son a lo menos de buena parentela, los quales tienen por officio de ruar todo el día las calles, irse por las iglesias, entrar en los palacios, hablar con correos, visitar los prados y hablar con los extranjeros, y esto no para más de irse a la hora del comer y del cenar a las mesas de los señores a contar las nuevas y dezir chocarrerías; y si de la . corte no tienen qué dezir, a ellos nunca les falta en qué mentir. Ay otro género de mancebos, y aun de hombres barbados, los quales ni tienen en la corte amo, ni llevan de palacio salario, sino que en viniendo allí algún extranjero, luego se le arriman como clavo al callo diziendo que le quieren acompañar a palacios mostrar el pueblo, darle a conoscer los señores, avisarle de las coses de corte y llevarle por la calle de las damas zar la bolsa.
Ay otro género de hombres o, por mejor dezir, de vagamundos en la corte, los quales negocian con grande auctoridad y no poca sagacidad en que éstos, después que han a un señor visitado y algunas veces acompañado, embíanle un paje con un memorial, diziendo que él es un pobre hidalgo, pariente de uno del Consejo, en fortuns muy desdichado, que se ha visto en honra y que anda procurando un officio y suplica a su señorís le embíe alguna ayuda de costa. No son pocos los que biven en la corte desta manera de chocarrería; ni aun biven con tanta pobreza que no sustentan un paje, dos moços, un cavallo, una mula y aun una amiga, los quales tienen heaho mentorial de las mesas a do han de ir a comer, por orden, cada día y de los señores que han de pedir cada mes.
Ay otra manera de chocarreros en la corte, los quales, después que les han olido en los palacios, se van por los monesterios diziendo que son unos pobres pleyteantes extranjeros, y que por no lo hurtar, lo quieren más al pedir, y desta manera engañan allí a los portera para que los den de comer, a los predicadores de los encomienden a sus devotos y a los confesores que los socorran con alguna restitución; por manera que comen lo de los pobres en los monesterios y lo de los bovos en los palacios.
N Ay otra manera de vagamundos y perdidos en la corte, los qualos no tratan en palacios, ni andan por monesterios, sino por plazas, despensas, mesones y bodegones, y danse a acompañar al mayor- domo, servir al botiller , ayudar al despensero, aplazer al repostero y contentar al cozinero, do lo qual se les sigue que de los derechos del uno, de la ración del otro, de los relieves de la mesa y aun de lo que se pone en el aparador, siempre tienen qué comer y aun llevan so el sobaco qué cenar. Ay otro género de perdidos en la corte, los quales de quatro en quatro o de tres en tres andan hermanados, acompañados o enga villados , y la orden que tienen para se mantener es que entre día se derraman por los palacios, por los mesones, por las tiendas y aun por las iglesias; y si por malos de sus pecados se descuyda alguno de la capa o de la gorra o de la espada y aun de la bolsa que trae en la faltriquera, en haziendo así †, ni hallará lo que perdió, ni topará con quien lo llevó. Ay otros géneros de perdidos en la corte, los quales ni tienen amo ni salario, ni saben officio, sino que están allegados, por mejor dezir, arrufianados con una cortesana, la qual, porque le procura una posada y la acompaña quando la corto se muda, le da ella a él quanto gana de día labrando y de noche pecando. Ay otro género de hombres perdidos en la corte, que son los tahures, los quales mantienen sus cavallos y criados y atavíos de sólo jugar, Botiller: el que tenia a su cargo la botillería o despensa.
Despensero: el que tenía a su cuenta el gasto de lo que se compraba en las casas de los señores. Repostero: el que tenía cuidado de la plata y del servicio de mesa y de hacer las bebidas y dulces. trafagar y engañar a muchos bovos con dados falsos, con naypes señalados, con compañeros sospechosos y aun con partidos nescios; por manera que muchos pierden con ellos sus haziendas y ellos pierden sus ánimas con todos. Ay otro género de gente perdida en la corte, no de hombres, sino de mugeres, las quales como passó ya su agosto y vendimias y están ellas de muy añejas acedas, sírven de ser coberteras y capas de pecadores, es a saber, que engañan a las sobrinas, sobornan a las nueras, persuaden a las vezinas; importunan a las cuñadas, venden a las hijas, y si no, crían a su propósito algunas moçuelas; de lo qual suele resultar lo que no sin lágrimas osso dezir, y es que a las ve zes ay en sus casas más barato de moças que en la plaza de lampreas. He aquí, pues, las compañías de la corte, he aquí los sanctuarios de la corte, he aquí las religiones de la corte, he aquí los confrades de la corte, y he aquí en quánta aventura y desventura bive el que bive en la corte; porque en realidad de verdad el triste del oortesano que no se da a negocios no puede allí medrar; y si se de a ellos no escapa de pecar; por manera que a costa del alma ha de mejorar su hazienda. Sea, pues, la conclusión que vaya quien quisiere a la corte, resida quien quisiere en la corte y triunfe quien quisiere de la corte, que yo para mí, acordándome que soy cristiano y que tengo de dar cuenta del tiempo perdido, más quiero fuera de la corte arar y salvar me que en la corte medrar y condenarme. No niego que en las cortes de los príncipes no se salvan muchos ni niego que fuera dellas no se condenan muchos; mas para mí tengo creído que, como alli están tan a mano los vicios, que andan allí muy grandes viciosos.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Rom.14.12 — So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God.
Notes
- 1 ↩dissimular lo que vee: rendered as looking past / dissembling about what he sees—either covering for the vice or pretending not to notice it.
- 2 ↩Source reading prínoipes treated as príncipes (princes); a un adevinan treated as early-modern aun adevinan (they even divine/guess).
- 3 ↩privado: court favorite/privy counsellor, not merely a private person; abatido: lowly/cast down in rank or standing.
- 4 ↩Normalized reading treats the split form 'prove yeron' as 'proveieron' (they provided for / acted on), standard Golden Age spelling of modern 'proveyeron'.
- 5 ↩'tercio' is rendered as 'stipend': a periodic installment of court or military pay (literally a third of the annual sum), not a military regiment.
- 6 ↩'amiga' is rendered as 'mistress' in the courtly sense of a kept female companion, not merely a female friend.
- 7 ↩Normalized source has «bolverse ha & su casa»; read as «bolverse ha a su casa» (return home).
- 8 ↩«sensualidad» rendered as «the senses» (appetite/desire), not modern «sensuality» alone.
- 9 ↩Golden-Age trafagar can mean to traffic, hustle, or busy oneself in dealings; paired here with pues otros juegan (since others gamble), rendered as 'hustle' for the shady-busy sense continued by trafagones in s3.
- 10 ↩Normalized source begins with '10 quántos'; most plausible intended reading is exclamative ¡O quántos / Oh how many (common Golden-Age form; 'O' misread as '10').
- 11 ↩Source packs two distinct precepts into one printed sentence (fortune's reverse; then caution about receiving services and granting favors). Split into two English sentences for readability without dropping content.
- 12 ↩Rendered as 'a grave matter of conscience' (burden on conscience / serious moral weight), not mere 'awareness'.
- 13 ↩Source has 'al truhán porque dixo a la gala a la gala' with a doubled, awkward phrase; rendered as a buffoon's flashy show-bit in parallel with the other cheap court favors, but the exact original wording is uncertain.
- 14 ↩Normalized 'en tren' as 'entren' (may/should come in among the rest). 'se flores son servidos' looks corrupt; translated as the clear antithesis that princes are served, but not loved for wages—only for favors.
- 15 ↩Source breaks mid-phrase after 'o se .'; continuation is s3 ('assienta a su mesa…'). Rendered as 'or seats himself' joining to the next sentence.
- 16 ↩Normalized 'ses de tal manera' as 'sea de tal manera' (be/do it in such a way); 'yaun' as 'y aun'; 'puertas agenas' as 'puertas ajenas'.
- 17 ↩Source 'presciarse de oristia nos' read as 'preciarse de cristianos' (take pride in being Christians); sense fits the moral contrast with mercenary motives.
- 18 ↩Source 'ei no son' read as 'si no son'. Sentence breaks mid-phrase before s7 ('corte no tienen…').
- 19 ↩Continues s6: 'y si de la corte no tienen qué dezir…'.
- 20 ↩Source ends 'zar la bolsa'; most plausible intended sense is 'vaciar la bolsa' (empty his purse), fitting the parasite portrait. Also 'coses de corte' → 'cosas de corte'.
- 21 ↩Source readings 'fortuns' and 'señorís' are treated as 'fortuna' (fortune) and 'señoría' (his lordship).
- 22 ↩Corrupt phrase 'heaho mentorial' is read as 'hecho memorial' (a written list/memorandum), matching 'memorial' in the previous sentence.
- 23 ↩'amiga' is rendered as 'mistress' in this court-satire context (a kept woman), not merely 'female friend'.
- 24 ↩Reading 'los portera' as 'los porteros' (porters/gatekeepers); 'de los encomienden' as 'que los encomienden' (so that they recommend them); and 'bovos' as 'bobos' (fools).
- 25 ↩Opening 'N' treated as a non-lexical mark (page/signature cue), not translated. 'qualos' read as 'cuales'; 'mayor-domo' as majordomo; household offices (botiller, despensero, repostero) rendered by function.
- 26 ↩'enga villados' read as engavillados (bound/banded together). Trailing † treated as a note marker, not spoken text. 'por malos de sus pecados' rendered as the colloquial blame-on-his-sins idiom for misfortune.
- 27 ↩'quando la corto se muda' read as 'quando la corte se muda' (when the court moves); 'corto' is almost certainly a print/OCR slip for 'corte'. 'arrufianados' kept as living off/with a courtesan in the ruffian-pimp sense.
- 28 ↩A glossary gloss for 'Botiller' (butler/wine steward) is collated at the end of this sentence; neighboring sections define despensero and repostero the same way. Main clause may continue in the following section (false dice, marked cards), but only the supplied span is translated here.
- 29 ↩Sentence continues the previous section's description of court gamblers (tahures); source begins mid-clause.
- 30 ↩"passó ya su agosto y vendimias" is a harvest/vintage metaphor for the end of their prime years of earning and attractiveness.
- 31 ↩"coberteras y capas de pecadores" marks these women as procuresses who shelter and front for other people's sin.
- 32 ↩Source "oortesano" read as "cortesano" (courtier).
- 33 ↩"compañías," "santuarios," "religiones," and "confrades" are sarcastic court parallels to devout associations, not literal praise of court piety.
- 34 ↩Read the second "no" after "no niego que" as the classical pleonastic negative (common after verbs of denying), yielding "many are saved / many are damned," not a literal double denial.
Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit