Capítulo X: QUE EN LAS CORTES DE LOS PRÍNCIPES NINGUNO :PUEDE BIVIR SIN AFECCIONARSE A UNOS Y APAS SIONARSE CON OTROS.
The Burden of Courtly Life
The courtier is trapped in a cycle of endless material expense, social performance, and exhausting political factionalism.
At court many things are bought that are meant for use there, and not for taking them away. It seems to be true: when you arrive at court, you have to find clothes for the household, mangers for the animals, boards for the beds, tables for the sideboards, pots for the kitchen, jugs for water, baskets for the pantry, waxed cloths for the windows, plates for the table, mats for the floor, doors for the rooms, locks for the chests, jars for drinking, and even brooms for sweeping. At court, a courtier does many things more because others are doing them than because he actually wants to do them himself. Poor courtier!1 He banquets so he won't be thought a hypocrite, gambles so he won't be thought stingy, gossips so he won't be thought extreme, serves the ladies so he won't be thought cold, keeps company with others so he won't be thought a loner, gives to buffoons so they won't speak ill of him, flatters his mistresses so they won't expose him, and even goes about masked so he won't stand out as odd.2 At court, anyone who wants to live there must—since the place is full of passions and factions—attach himself to some and take sides passionately with others. He must follow his friends and pursue his enemies, praise his own people and take up arms against outsiders, advise those he wishes well and spy on those he wishes ill, spend his estate on his own faction and stake his life against the opposite side, and praise those of his party while blackening those he wishes harm.3 And he has to do all this for someone who will think little of it and thank him for it even less. At court one can put up with having a single master; but along with that, he has to follow many lords. O wretched courtier!4 who, before he even starts to get ahead, has to serve the prince, follow the favorites, bribe the doorkeepers, give to the buffoons, doff his cap to everyone, show reverence to people who don't deserve it, call the official Your Grace, wait for the secretary to wake up, address as Lordship men who aren't called that, lift the door-curtain for the councilor, give the chair to the man who does business in the palace, and leave the head of the table to the favorite; finally, at court he must mold himself to everyone's ways and even pretend kinship with some favorites. If living at court is hard work, doing business there is unbearable. Oh, what a pity it is to see a poor man with business at court!5 especially if he's a bit green: he gets an audience with the king very late; at the favorite's house they shut the door on him; in the council they put off his justice; the accountants never issue his warrant; the revenue-farmer never accepts his payment order; the paymaster never turns up; his petition is never seen; if it is seen some Saturday, they say there's no room; if he asks for favors, they send him to consultation; if he seeks his provision, they say the king hasn't signed; if the king does sign, he doesn't find it countersigned; if he goes to have it countersigned, they send him to the seal; once it leaves the seal, it has to go to the registry—so that he redeems it by hard labor and buys it with money.6 At court, even if a man has no enemies, his own people keep him unsettled. Sometimes a man wants to stay home, and his wife drives him crazy because he doesn't go visiting; his brothers-in-law, because he doesn't ask for something for them; his friends want him to go out for a stroll; his relatives want him to throw himself into getting ahead; the gamblers want him to slip off to play; the gluttons want him to head out to a garden; and even the frivolous want him to go see some beauty.
The Restlessness of the Courtier
Court life breeds a perpetual state of instability and restlessness that prevents true self-knowledge.
At court, those who once grow used to moving in it are by nature enemies of rest and friends of novelty. Oh, with how much restlessness a courtier lives—who, like a Gypsy, would want every month to change places, take lodgings, make new friends, have clothes cut, switch hosts, take on servants, go about the inns, join factions, learn new conversation, put on new liveries, see different lands, take up new business, and even stumble into new loves.7 So here are the courtier's labors; here is the village man's life—which many will read, many will approve, and few will choose, because everyone reads writings, but no one changes their ways. So let the conclusion of our whole purpose be that the courts of princes are only for two kinds of people, namely: for favorites who enjoy them, or for young men who don't feel their hardships.8 As for those favorites who have a hand in affairs, finding themselves so rich, so well attended, so feared, and so served—it's no wonder they don't feel the hardships of court life, for they barely remember who they are. Having much, standing for much, and wielding much power make men fail to know themselves.9
The Illusion of Favor
Even those who attain power and favor at court find no true peace, living instead in a state of constant anxiety and moral blindness.
It’s no wonder that those who have much and can do much presume a great deal; but alas!10 —that there are some officials in the courts of princes who have only a scrap of favor and yet, on the other hand, folly drags them through the dirt.11 The moment someone enters a favorite's house, speaks to them, and gains their attention, they immediately start dreaming that they are a favorite themselves—and even begin putting on airs like one.12 Princes do themselves a great good by revealing their secrets only to a few and by showing themselves familiar only with a few; because otherwise there would be many giving orders, and far too many complaining.13 Personally, I'm convinced that the closest confidants of kings neither feel the hardships nor truly enjoy the favor, because their homes are so full of petitioners, their ears so full of lies, their tongues so busy with answers, and their hearts so burdened with cares, that the moment they become favorites, we see them walking around dazed.14 They have so many people to oblige, so many to give to, so many to act for, and so many to satisfy, that we see them complaining far more often than they ever get to enjoy themselves. Let those who command command as much as they like, and let those who hold favor hold as much as they order: in the end, wine that is still boiling can't be drunk, and wealth without rest can't be enjoyed.15 The intimates and favorites at court fear being condemned as sinners, and they fear falling because they are favorites; so from the moment they began to hold favor, they go about always haunted by dread. If the favorites don't feel the hard work, the young men feel it far less; because the youths, going about besotted with vices, neither feel pain at disfavor nor even know what honor is.1617 Leave a young man at court free to go to bed at one, get up at eleven, laugh with the ladies, eat at all sorts of tables, gamble on feast days, stroll the streets in the afternoons, mask himself at night, and talk with procuresses—and as for the rest, he doesn't care a farthing if the kingdom is thrown into chaos or the commonwealth goes to ruin.1819
Read the original Latin
En la corte muchas cosas se compran las quales son para servir y no para fuera de allí las llevar.
Paresce esto ser verdad en que, llegando a la corte, ha de buscar ropa para la gente, pesebres para las bestias, tablas para las camas, mesas para aparadores, ollas para la cozina, cántaros para agua, espuertas para la despensa, encerados para las ventanas, platos para la mesa, esteras para el suelo, puertas para las cámaras, cerraduras para las arcas, jarras para bever y aun escobas para barrer. En la corte muchas cosas haze un cortesano más porque las hazen otros que no porque las querría él hazer. 10 pobre del cortesano! , el qual banquetea por no ser—hipócrita, juega por no ser mezquino, murmura por no ser extremado, sirve a las damas por no ser frío, acompaña a otros por no ser solitario, da a truhanes porque no digan mal dél, contenta a las enamoradas porque no le descubran, y aun anda enmascarado por no ser singular. En la corte es necessario al que en ella morare que, como ella está llena de passiones y bandos, él se afeccione a unos y se apassione con otros, él siga a los amigos y persiga a los enemigos, él alabe a los suyos y meta hierro contra los extraños, él a vise a los que quiere bien y expie a los que desea mal, él gaste con los de su bando la hazienda y emplee contra los contrarios la vida, él loe a los de su parcialidad y oscurezca a los que quiere mal. Y todo esto ha de hazer por quien se lo terná en poco y se lo agradescerá mucho menos.
En la corte súffrese tener un amo; mas junto con esto ha de seguir a muchos señores. ¡0 desventurado del cortesano! , el qual antes que comience a medrar ha de servir al príncipe, seguir a los privados, cohechar a los porteros, dar a los truhanes, quitar a todos la gorra, hazer a quien no lo meresce reverencia, dezir al oficial Vuestra Merced, aguardar que despierte el secretario, llamar a quien no llaman Señoría, alçar al del consejo el antepuerta , dar al que trata en palacio la silla, dejar al privado la cabecera de mesa; finalmente, deve en la corte hazerse a las condiciones de todos y aun fingir parentesco con algunos privados. En la corte, si es trabajoso el residir, es insuffrible el negociar. O qué lástima es ver a un pobre negociante! , en especial si es un poco bisoño, el qual con el rey ha muy tarde audiencia, en casa del privado le cierran la puerta, en el consejo dilatan su justicia, los contadores nunca le iibran, el arrendador nunca acepta su librança, el pagador nunca llega, su memorial nunca se vee, si se vee algún sábado dizen que no hay lugar, si pide mercedes remitenle a consulta, si busca su provisión dizen que no ha firmado el rey, si firma el rey no la halla refrendada, si la va a refrendar remítenle al sello, despachada del sello ha de ir al registro, de manera que la rescata a trabajos y la compra por dineros. En la corte, aunque no tenga uno enemigos, le desassossiegan los suyos propios. A las vezes quiere uno estarse en su casa y su muger le mata porque no va a visitar; los cuñados, porque no pide algo para ellos; los amigos, que se vaya a pasear; los parientes, que se dé al valer; los tahures, que se retraigan a jugar; los golosos, que se vayan a una huerta, y aun los livianos, que vaya a ver una hermosa.
En la corte, los que una vez se avezan a andar en ella son naturalmente enemigos de reposo y amigos de novedades. 10 con quánto desassossiego bive un cortesanot, el qual, a manera de gitano, querría cada mes mudar lugar, tomar posada, conoscer amigos, cortar ropas, renovar huéspedes, rescebir criados, andar por ventas, llegarse a parcialidades, conoscer nuevas converraciones, sacar nuevas libreas, ver diversas tierres, emprender nuevos negocios, y aun topar con nuevos amores. He aquí, pues, los trabajos del cortesano; he aquí la vida del aldeano, la qual será de muchos leída y de muchos aprovada y de pocos escogida, porque las escrituras todos las leen, mas las costumbres ninguno las muda. Sea, pues, la conclusión de todo nuestro intento que las cortes de los príncipes solamente son para dos géneros de gente, es a saber: para privados que las desfrutan o para los moços que no las sienten. Los que son privados y tienen mano en los negocios, con verse tan ricos, tan acompañados, tan temidos y servidos, no es mucho que no sientan los trabajos cortesanos, pues apenas se acuerdan de quiénes son ellos mismos. El mucho tener, el mucho valer y el mucho poder hace a los hombres no se conoscer.
Los que tienen mucho y pueden mucho no es de maravillar que presuman mucho; mas, jay dolor! , que ay algunos oficiales en las cortes de los príncipes que tienen un girón de privança y por otra parte les arrastra por el suelo la locura.
A la hora que uno entra en casa del privado, habla al privado y tiene mano con el privado, a la hora se sueñe él ser privado y aun se entona como privado. Gran bien hacen los príncipes en no revelar sus secretos sino a pocos y no se mostrar familiares sino a pocos; porque de otra manera avría muchos que mandassen y muy muchos que se que xassen. Para mí por creído tengo que los familiares y muy allegados de los reyes ni sienten los trabajos ni aun gozan de la privança; porque están sus casas tan llenas de negociantes, sus orejas tan llenas de mentiras, sus lenguas tan ocupadas en respuestas y sus coraçones tan cargados de cuidados, que a la hora que son privados los vemos andar atónitos. Tienen tantos con quien cumplir, tantos a quien dar, tantos por quien hazer y aun tantos a quien satisfazer, que sin comparación los vemos muchas más vezes quexarse que regalarse.
Manden los que mandan quanto quisieren y priven los que privan quanto mandaren, que al fin ni el vino que hierve se puede bever, ni la hazienda sin reposo se puede gozar. Los familiares y favorescidos en las cortes temen de condenarse por pecadores y temen de caer por ser privados; por manera que desde el punto que començaron a ser privados andan siempre assombrados. Si los privados no sienten los trabajos, mucho menos los sienten los que son mancebos; porque los moços, como andan embobeseidos en los vicios, ni el disfavor les da pena ni aun sienten qué cosa es bonra. Déxenle a un mancebo en la corte acostarse a la una, levantarse a las onze, reír con las damas, comer en mesas diversas, jugar las fiestas, ruar las tardes, enmascararse las noches y hablar con alcahuetas, que en lo demás no se le da un maravedí por que el reino se rebuelva ni se vaya a perder la república.
Notes
- 1 ↩Normalized reading treats source "10 pobre del cortesano!" as OCR/print corruption of "¡O pobre del cortesano!" (cf. neighboring "¡O desventurado del cortesano!").
- 2 ↩"extremado" rendered as "extreme" (over-rigid/overscrupulous in court opinion); "enamoradas" as "mistresses" (women involved with him); "singular" as "odd / standing out".
- 3 ↩"él a vise" read as "él avise" (advise/counsel). "expie" read as most plausible "espíe" (spy on), in antithesis with "avise"; if a different reading is preferred (e.g. drive out/persecute), revise accordingly.
- 4 ↩Source reads "¡0 desventurado"; treated as the exclamation "¡O desventurado" (OCR 0 for O), matching the parallel cry "¡O pobre del cortesano!" in the previous section.
- 5 ↩"negociante" here is the petitioner/suitor pursuing court business, not a modern commercial merchant.
- 6 ↩Source "nunca le iibran" read as "nunca le libran" (issue/clear his warrant); likely OCR ii for li.
- 7 ↩Source opens with '10' and 'cortesanot'; treated as '¡O' / 'Oh' and 'cortesano' (courtier), matching the exclamatory pattern elsewhere in the chapter. Also normalized 'converraciones'→conversaciones and 'tierres'→tierras in sense only.
- 8 ↩'privados' rendered as court favorites (the prince's intimates); 'moços' as young men; 'no las sienten' as not feeling the court's hardships (feminine 'las' referring to cortes).
- 9 ↩'el mucho valer' rendered as standing/amounting to much (rank and influence), not mere moral worth.
- 10 ↩Source 'jay dolor' read as early-modern/OCR for '¡ay dolor!' (alas!).
- 11 ↩'girón de privança': girón is a scrap/shred of cloth; rendered as 'a scrap of favor' for privileged access as a court favorite (privanza).
- 12 ↩privado here is the royal favorite / privileged court confidant, not 'private person'; tiene mano con means to have influence or ready access with someone.
- 13 ↩Normalized reading treats spaced 'se que xassen' as se quexassen (would complain); early-modern spelling also has avría/habría and mandassen/mandasen.
- 14 ↩privança is court favor / privileged standing with the prince; trabajos are the toils and troubles of that station, not merely 'jobs'.
- 15 ↩privar/privados here is court favor (privanza), not 'deprive': those who hold the prince's intimacy and patronage.
- 16 ↩Source 'bonra' is read as period/corrupt form of 'honra' (honor).
- 17 ↩'embobeseidos' taken as embobecidos/embobados: stupefied or infatuated by vice.
- 18 ↩'maravedí' kept as a proverbial trifle via 'farthing'; a tiny medieval Spanish coin used for 'doesn't care a whit'.
- 19 ↩'república' rendered as 'commonwealth' (the public weal/state), not the modern political 'republic'.
Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit