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Jacopo Passavanti, Lo Specchio di vera penitenza/Book 1 · Lo Specchio di vera penitenza
Chapter 8SpecPenSup.1.8

Qui si dimostra quali sono i segni che Dio abbia in odio la superbia

The Divine Rejection of Pride

God reveals his hatred for pride through scriptural warnings and the withdrawal of his grace from the arrogant.

Holy Scripture contains many signs of God's hatred for pride. First among these are the many threats God makes against the proud. So the prophet Jeremiah says, speaking in God's person: Ecce ego ad te, superbe, dicit Dominus exercituum: venit dies tuus, tempus visitationis; et cadet superbus et corruet, et non erit qui suscitet eum: See, God says to you, proud one: your day is coming, and the time of your visitation; and the proud man will fall and collapse, and there will be no one to raise him up. Holy Job, speaking of the proud, says: 'Even if his pride rises to heaven and his head touches the clouds, in the end he will be undone and lost like a dungheap.'1 Isaiah, speaking for God, used to issue this threat: 'Woe to the crown of pride.'2 In many other places, Scripture records God’s terrible threats against them to make it clear how much He hates pride. The second sign that God hates the proud is that He withdraws and withholds the help of His grace from them. This is entirely just and reasonable: just as He gives grace to the humble because they refer all glory to God—saying with the Prophet, 'Not to us, Lord, not to us, but to your name give the glory'—so He takes grace away from the proud, because they steal the glory from Him and unworthily claim it for themselves.3

The Severity of Divine Judgment

God resists the proud and reserves his harshest justice for those who exalt themselves.

He does not just take away the help of grace from them, but as Saint James says, he resists and opposes them; so they can have no hope of rising to heaven or attaining glory once grace—the very thing by which one reaches glory—has been taken from them. And let them put no confidence at all in the fact that God allows them in this life to rise to some rank of dignity or honor; for he does it so that they may fall, and take a greater crash, and so that their ruin may be greater and more severe.4 Another sign of God's hatred against the proud is this: although God punishes other sinners mercifully, he punishes and damns only the proud harshly, with the rigor of justice. So the Psalmist says: Retribuet abundanter facientibus superbiam: God will repay those who practice pride—that is, those who act with pride—with an abundant measure of torment and punishment. This is shown more openly in the Book of Wisdom, where it says: Exiguo conceditur misericordia; potentes autem potenter tormenta patientur: Mercy is granted to the small and humble, but the powerful proud will have to endure torments with power and severity.

Christ as the Antidote to Pride

Christ's first coming offers humility as a remedy for pride, while his second coming will bring final judgment upon it.

Another sign that God hates pride is that both the first and the second coming of Christ are against it. The first coming was against pride, to heal it with the example of his humility and with the poultice of his Passion.5 So Saint Augustine says: Because of the great sin of pride, the humble God came into the world. This great sickness of souls drew the almighty physician down from heaven, and humbled him even to the form of a servant—to be mocked and torn apart—and led him to be fixed to the wood of the cross and to suffer there, so that by the remedy of such medicine he might heal the swellings of pride. So let a person be ashamed of being proud, when for his sake God was made humble. Christ's second coming will be against pride—not to heal it, but to punish and condemn it justly. Of which the prophet Isaiah says: Dies Domini exercituum super omnem superbum et excelsum, et super omnem arrogantem; et humiliabitur: The day of God's coming to judgment will be upon every proud, haughty, and arrogant person; and they will be humbled and cast down. So, because of the great displeasure and hatred God has toward the proud, he says through the Psalmist: Non habitabit in medio domus meoe facit superbiam: The proud man will not live in my house.6

Read the original Latin

Segni molti dell’odio di Dio contro alla superbia si truovano nella santa Scrittura. In prima sono le molte minacce che Dio fa contro a’ superbi. Onde dice Ieremia profeta, in persona di Dio: Ecce ego ad te, superbe, dicit Dominus exercituum: venit dies tuus, tempus visitationis; et cadet superbus et corruet, et non erit qui suscitet eum: Ecco che Dio dice a te, superbo: verrà il dì tuo, e ’l tempo della visitazione tua; e caderà il superbo e rovinerà, e non sarà chi lo rilevi. E santo Iob, parlando de’ superbi, dice: Si ascenderit in coelum superbia eius, et caput eius nubes tetigerit, quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur: Se sârrà in cielo la superbia e il capo suo toccherà i nuvoli, finalmente come uno letame si disfarà e perderà. Onde Isaia, in persona di Dio, dicea minacciando: Voe coronoe superbioe: Guai alla corona della superbia. E in più altri luoghi della Scrittura terribilmente gli minaccia Iddio, a dare a intendere in quanto odio egli abbia la superbia. Il secondo segno che Dio abbia in odio i superbi, si è che sottrae e toglie loro l’aiuto della grazia sua. Ed è cosa molto giusta e ragionevole: però che, come agli umili dà la grazia perché riferiscono ogni gloria in Dio, dicendo col Profeta: Non nobis, Domine, non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam: Non a noi, Signore, non a noi, ma al nome tuo dà la gloria; così a’ superbi toglie la grazia, perch’egli tolgono la gloria a lui, e indegnamente l’attribuiscono a loro.

E non solamente sottrae loro l’aiuto della grazia, ma, come dice santo Iacobo, resiste e contrasta loro; onde non possono avere speranza niuna di salire in cielo, né d’avere gloria, tolta loro la grazia, per la quale si perviene alla gloria. E non abbiano fidanza veruna perché Dio gli permetta in questa vita salire a stato d’alcuna dignità o d’onore; ch’egli il fa perché caggiano, e abbiano maggiore stroscio, e sia maggiore e più grave la ruina loro. L’altro segno dell’odio d’Iddio contro a’ superbi si è, che, con ciò sia cosa che gli altri peccatori Iddio punisca misericordiosamente, solo i superbi punisce e danna con rigore di giustizia aspramente. Onde il Salmista dice: Retribuet abundanter facientibus superbiam: Iddio renderà abondantemente, a buona misura, tormento e pena a coloro che fanno la superbia; cioè ch’adoperano con superbia. E ciò si dimostra più apertamente nel libro della Sapienza, dove si dice: Exiguo conceditur misericordia; potentes autem potenter tormenta patientur: All’uomo piccolo e umile si concede misericordia; ma i potenti superbi potentemente e gravemente averanno a sostenere i tormenti. L’altro segno che Dio ha in odio la superbia si è, che l’uno e l’altro avvenimento di Cristo è contro alla superbia. Il primo avvenimento fu contro alla superbia per sanarla collo essemplo della sua umiltà e collo ’mpiastro della sua passione. Onde dice santo Agostino: Per lo grande peccato della superbia, Iddio umile venne nel mondo.

Questa grande infermità dell’anime trasse di cielo lo onnipotente medico, e infino alla forma del servo l’umiliò a essere schernito e straziato, e in sul legno della croce confitto e passionato lo condusse, acciò che per lo rimedio di tale medicina sanasse l’enfiature della superbia. Vergógnisi adunque l’uomo d’essere superbo, per lo quale è fatto umile Iddio. Il secondo avvenimento di Cristo sarà contro alla superbia, non già per sanarla, ma per giustamente punirla e dannarla. Del quale dice Isaia profeta: Dies Domini exercituum super omnem superbum et excelsum, et super omnem arrogantem; et humiliabitur: Il dì dell’avvenimento di Dio al giudicio sarà sopra ogni superbo, altiero e arrogante; e saranno umiliati e abbattuti. Onde, per lo grande dispiacere e odio che Dio ha contro a’ superbi, dice per lo Salmista: Non habitabit in medio domus meoe facit superbiam: Non abiterà nella mia casa l’uomo superbo.

Scripture echoes

  1. Jer.50.31-Jer.50.32"I am against you, O Arrogant One," declares the LORD of hosts, "for your day has come, the time of your punishment." Jer.50.32 — The proud one shall stumble and fall, with no one to raise him up; and I will kindle a fire in his cities, and it shall devour all his surroundings.
  2. Job.20.6-Job.20.7Though his pride mounts to the heavens, and his head reaches to the clouds, Job.20.7 — He will perish forever like his own dung; those who saw him will say, "Where is he?"
  3. Isa.28.1Woe to the proud crown of Ephraim's drunkards, and the fading flower of its glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valleys of those overcome with wine!
  4. Jas.4.6;1Pet.5.5But he gives greater grace. Therefore it says, 'God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.' 1Pet.5.5 — Likewise, younger people, submit to the elders. And all of you clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.
  5. Phil.2.7but emptied himself, taking the form of a slave, being born in human likeness, and appearing as a human being.
  6. Isa.2.12For there is a day of the LORD of hosts against all that is proud and lofty, and against all that is lifted up—and it shall be brought low.
  7. Ps.101.7;Ps.101.7No one who practices deceit shall dwell in my house; no one who speaks lies shall stand before my eyes. Ps.101.7 — No one who practices deceit shall dwell in my house; no one who speaks lies shall stand before my eyes.

Notes

  1. 1Italian sârrà is an archaic orthography for salirà/si alzerà ('will rise'), confirmed by the parallel Latin Si ascenderit.
  2. 2Voe coronoe superbioe is a medieval/corrupt spelling of Vulgate Vae coronae superbiae (Isaiah 28:1); sense is clear from the Italian gloss.
  3. 3Medieval Italian però che is causal ('because/since'), not adversative 'however'.
  4. 4stroscio is the crash/smash of a fall; rendered as 'crash' to keep the concrete force of a louder ruin from a higher place.
  5. 5'mpiastro (empiastro) is a medicinal plaster/poultice; kept concrete rather than softened to a generic 'remedy,' matching the medical image continued in the next section.
  6. 6The embedded Latin looks slightly corrupt or abbreviated (meoe for meae; qui likely missing before facit). Translation follows the clear Italian gloss.

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