Le culte religieux se termine à Dieu seul
The Nature of Divine Adoration
True religious worship is directed ultimately to God alone, expressed through interior faith and outward sacrifice.
To begin with the adoration owed to God, the Catholic Church teaches that it consists mainly in believing that he is the Creator and Lord of all things, and in clinging to him with all the powers of our soul through faith, hope, and charity, as to the one who alone can make us blessed by sharing the infinite good, which is himself.✦1 This interior adoration we offer to God in spirit and in truth has its outward signs, the chief of which is sacrifice. This can be offered to God alone, because sacrifice is established to make a public acknowledgment and a solemn profession of God's sovereignty and our absolute dependence.✦ That same Church teaches that all religious worship must end in God as its necessary goal; and if the honor she pays to the Blessed Virgin and the saints can be called religious, it's because that honor necessarily refers back to God.
The Witness of the Early Church
The practice of honoring saints and relics is rooted in the early Church, as even critics of the faith have been forced to admit.
But before explaining more fully what this honor consists in, it is not useless to note that the gentlemen of the so-called Reformed religion, pressed by the force of the truth, are beginning to admit to us that the custom of praying to the saints, and of honoring their relics, was already established in the fourth century of the Church. M.2 M. Daillé, in making this admission in his book against the Latin tradition regarding the object of religious worship, accuses Saint Basil, Saint Ambrose, Saint Jerome, Saint John Chrysostom, Saint Augustine, and several other great lights of antiquity from that century—especially Saint Gregory of Nazianzus, who is called the Theologian par excellence—of having changed the doctrine of the three preceding centuries on this point. But it seems hardly plausible that M.3 Daillé understood the mind of the Fathers of the first three centuries better than those who gathered, so to speak, the succession of their teaching immediately after their death; and one will believe it all the less, since far from the Fathers of the fourth century noticing that any novelty was being introduced into their worship, this minister, on the contrary, has reported to us explicit texts by which they clearly show that, in praying to the saints, they claimed to be following the examples of those who had gone before them.4 But without examining the mind of the Fathers of the first three centuries any further, I am content with the admission of M. Daillé, who hands over to us so many great figures who taught the Church in the fourth.5 For even though, twelve hundred years after their death, he has seen fit, out of contempt, to give them a kind of sect name by calling them Reliquiaries—that is, people who honor relics—I hope that those of his communion will be more respectful toward these great men.6 At least they will not dare object against them that by praying to the saints and honoring their relics they fell into idolatry, or that they overturned the confidence Christians must have in Jesus Christ; and we must hope that from now on they will no longer make these reproaches against us, when they consider that they cannot make them against us without making them at the same time against so many excellent men whose holiness and teaching they, as much as we, profess to revere.7 But since what is at stake here is to set out our belief rather than to show who its defenders have been, we must continue explaining it.
Read the original Latin
Pour commencer par l'adoration qui est due à Dieu, l'Église catholique enseigne qu'elle consiste principalement à croire qu'il est le créateur et le seigneur de toutes choses, et à nous attacher à lui de toutes les puissances de notre âme par la foi, par l'espérance et par la charité, comme à celui qui seul peut faire notre félicité, par la communication du bien infini, qui est lui-même.
Cette adoration intérieure, que nous rendons à Dieu en esprit et en vérité, a ses marques extérieures, dont la principale est le sacrifice, qui ne peut être offert qu'à Dieu seul, parce que le sacrifice est établi pour faire un aveu public et une protestation solennelle de la souveraineté de Dieu, et de notre dépendance absolue.
La même Église enseigne que tout culte religieux se doit terminer à Dieu comme à sa fin nécessaire; et si l'honneur qu'elle rend à la sainte Vierge et aux saints peut être appelé religieux, c'est à cause qu'il se rapporte nécessairement à Dieu.
Mais avant que d'expliquer davantage en quoi consiste cet honneur, il n'est f>as inutile de remarquer que Messieurs de la religion prétendue réformée, pressés par la force de la vérité, commencent à nous avouer que la coutume de prier les saints, et d'honorer leurs reliques, était établie dès le quatrième sièclç de l'Eglise* M. Daillé, «n faisant cet aveu dans le livre qu'il a fait contre la tradition des Latins, touchant l'objet du culte religieux, accuse saint Basile, saint Ambroise, saint Jérôme, saint Jean Ghrysostôme, saint Augustin, et plusieurs autres grandes lumières de l'antiquité, qui ont paru dans ce siècle, et surtout saint Grégoire de Nazianze, qui est appelé le Théologien par excellence, d'avoir changé en ce point la doctrine des trois siècles précédents Mais il paraîtra peu vraisemblable que M. Daillé ait mieux entendu les sentiments des Pères des trois premiers siècles, que ceux qui ont recueilli/ pour ainsi dire, la succession de leur doctrine immédiatement après leur mort; et on le croira d'autant moins, que bien loin que les Pères du quatrième siècle se soient aperçus qu'il s'introduisît aucune nouveauté dans leur culte, ce ministre, au contraire, nous a rapporté des textes exprès, par lesquels ils font voir clairement qu'ils prétendaient, en priant les saints, suivre les exemples de ceux qui les avaient précédés. Mais sans examiner davantage le sentiment des Pères des trois premiers siècles, je me contente de l'aveu de M. Daillé, qui nous abandonne tant de grands personnages qui ont enseigné l'Église dans le quatrième. Car encore qu'il se soit avisé, douze cents ans après leur mort, de leur donner par mépris, une manière de nom de secte, en les appelant Reliquiaires, c'est-à-dire, gens qui honorent les reliques; j'espèce que ceux de sa communion seront plus respectueux envers ces grands hommes. Ils n'oseront du moins leur objecter qu'en priant les saints, et en honorant leurs reliques,' ils soient tombés dans l'idolâtrie, ou qu'ils aient renversé la confiance que les chrétiens doivent avoir en Jésus-Christ; et il faut espérer que dorénavant ils- ne nous feront plus ces reproches, quand ils considéreront qu'ils ne peuvent nous les faire, sans les faire en même temps à tant d'excellents hommes, dont ils font profession, aussi bien que nous, de révérer la sainteté et la doctrine. Mais comme il s'agit ici d'exposer notre croyance, plutôt que de faire voir quels ont été ses défenseurs, il en faut continuer l'explication.
Scripture echoes
- ↩1Cor.13.13 — And now faith, hope, and love remain, these three; but the greatest of these is love.
- ↩John.4.23-John.4.24 — But an hour is coming, and now is, when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth. For the Father seeks such as these to worship him. John.4.24 — God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.
Notes
- 1 ↩French félicité is rendered “blessed” rather than bare “happy,” to keep the beatific/final-end force without archaism. Communication retains the classical sense of God imparting/sharing his own infinite good, not mere message-sending.
- 2 ↩Source shows OCR noise: «f>as» read as «pas»; «sièclç» as «siècle»; trailing «Eglise*» as «Église.» The truncated «M.» continues into the next sentence as «M. Daillé».
- 3 ↩Source ««n faisant» read as «en faisant»; «Ghrysostôme» as «Chrysostome». The truncated «M.» continues into the next sentence as «M. Daillé».
- 4 ↩Source «recueilli/» read as «recueilli,» (printer slash for comma).
- 5 ↩«qui nous abandonne» rendered as «who hands over to us» in the polemical sense of conceding/yielding these authorities by his admission, not literal desertion.
- 6 ↩Source «j'espèce» is almost certainly OCR for «j'espère» («I hope»); translated on that reading.
- 7 ↩Minor OCR noise cleaned: «reliques,'» → «reliques,»; «ils- ne» → «ils ne».
Exposition de la doctrine de l'Église catholique sur les matières de controverse companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit