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Eikon Basilike: The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings/Book 1 · Eikon Basilike: The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings
Chapter 26EikonBas.1.26

Upon the Army's surprisal of the King at Holmby, and the ensuing distractions in the two Houses, the Army, and the City

The Tumult of Factions

The King reflects on his capture by the Army and the shifting power dynamics between the Presbyterians and the Independents.

I'm not much concerned about what part God will now have me act or suffer in this new and strange scene of affairs; a little practice is enough for the man who only seeks to play a part of honesty and honor. This surprise capture of me tells the world that a king cannot fall so low that he is not still of consequence, adding weight to whichever party he appears with. This move, like others these days, seems eccentric and irregular, yet it’s not easy to resist or quiet; it’s better to swim with such a stream than to struggle against it in vain. These are just the struggles of those twins that one womb held not long ago—the younger striving to prevail against the elder. What the Presbyterians have hunted after, the Independents now seek to catch for themselves. It's impossible to draw lines from a center without them moving away from each other—and the farther they go from that point of union, the wider they pull apart. It's no surprise that the builders of Babel fell from division into confusion; but for those who claim to be building Jerusalem, dividing their tongues and hands is a bad omen—and it sounds too much like the fury of those Zealots whose internal bitterness and divisions were the primary cause of that city's final, fatal destruction. I may well change my keepers and my prison, but not my captive condition—only with this hope of bettering it: that those who so loudly profess themselves champions of the people's liberties cannot be utterly against the liberty of their King; what they demand for their own consciences, they cannot in reason deny to mine. In this they seem more open and straightforward than the Presbyterian rigor, who, after sometimes complaining of being forced into conformity with the laws, have become the greatest exactors of other men's submission to their novel injunctions—before those injunctions are stamped with the authority of law, which they cannot properly have without my consent.1 It's a strong proof that the Independents think themselves freed from their rivals' service, in that they carry out a business of such consequence as taking my person into the Army's custody, without any commission but that of their own will and power. Those who will thus venture against a KING must not be thought overly modest or timid about carrying out any design they have a mind to.

The Mirror of Divine Justice

The King observes how the Parliament and the City are now suffering the same tumultuous disorder they once inflicted upon him.

Their next move threatens and frightens both the two Houses and the City. Soon after repeating that earlier pattern of chaotic disorder—which was never questioned, punished, or repented of—they must now suffer for both, seeing their past sin reflected in the mirror of these present terrors and upheavals.23 No one is so blind that they can't see the hand of divine justice in this: those who first caused armies to be raised through tumults must now be chastened by their own army for new tumults. People can hardly be content with one sin, but add sin to sin until the later ones punish the earlier; those who were content to see me and many members of both Houses driven away by the first unsuppressed tumults are now forced to flee to an army or defend themselves against them. But who can unravel the riddle of some men's justice? The members of both Houses who at first withdrew—as I myself was forced to do—from the rough violence of the tumults were counted deserters and driven out of their places in Parliament.4 Those who stayed behind and benefited from the riots were declared the only true members of Parliament; now, those who fled and abandoned their posts hold the parliamentary power, complain bitterly about the riots, and defend themselves with an army, while those who stayed and kept their positions are viewed as supporters of riotous insolence and betrayers of the freedom and honor of Parliament. This is how power stands above all rule, order, and law: when people look more to present advantages than to their consciences and the unchangeable rules of justice; while they sit as judges of others, they're forced to condemn themselves.5 Now the case against tumults holds good: the authors and abettors of them are guilty of monstrous insolence—though before they were counted as friends and necessary helpers. I see that vengeance pursues and overtakes those who thought they had escaped it and fortified themselves most impregnably against it—both by their numbers and by falling into line—just as the mice and rats are said to have done to the bishop in Germany.6 Those the laws can't punish, God will punish through their own crimes and their own hands. I can't help observing this divine justice, yet with sorrow and pity; for I always wished so well for Parliament and the City that I was sorry to see them do or suffer anything unworthy of such great and considerable bodies in this kingdom. I was glad to see them only frightened and humbled, not broken by that shaking. I never thought so poorly of those cities as to despair of their loyalty to me; mistakes might eclipse it, but I never believed malice had quite put it out. I pray God the storm has already fully passed over them—those on whom I look as Christ once looked over Jerusalem, as the objects of my prayers and tears, with compassionate grief, foreseeing those more severe scatterings that will certainly fall on all who wantonly refuse to be gathered back to their duty: fatal blindness so often attends and punishes willfulness that people who would not repent of their sins in time will at last be unable to avert their sorrows; nor will those who complacently neglect the counsels that belong to their peace be allowed to enjoy the comforts. They will find that brothers in iniquity are not far from becoming insolent enemies, for nothing is harder than keeping bad men of one mind for long. It's impossible to reach a fair settlement for ideas that move in circles of fancy rather than in a straight line of reason leading toward the Law—the only center of public stability—to which I pray God will at last bring all sides. That will easily be done when we fully see how much happier we are to be subject to the known laws than to the various wills of any men, however plausible they may seem at first. Popular compliance with any illegal and extravagant ways, like violent motions in nature, soon grows weary of itself and ends in stubborn sullenness: the people's rebounds often land in the faces of those who first set them on those violent strokes. As for the Army—which is excusable to the extent that they act on soldiers' principles and interests, demanding pay and indemnity—I think it's necessary for the public peace that they be satisfied as far as is just. No one is more inclined to consider them than I am. Even though they've fought against me, I still can't help but esteem the valor and gallantry they've sometimes shown, to the point that I wish I might never lack such men to maintain myself, my laws, and my kingdoms in such a peace that they may enjoy their share and portion as fully as anyone.

A Prayer for Mercy and Forgiveness

The King concludes with a prayer for his people, seeking their repentance and forgiveness while entrusting his own suffering to God.

But you, O Lord, who are perfect Unity in a sacred Trinity, look with mercy upon those whom your Justice has divided. Deliver me from the strife of my people, and make me see how much they need my prayers and pity—those who agreed to fight against me, and yet are now ready to fight one another, prolonging the disorders of my kingdoms. Show everyone the paths of peace they have wandered from; peace isn't found in the divided wills of different parties, but in the true substance and proper observance of the laws.7 Make me willing to go wherever you lead me by your providence; and always be with me, so that I may see your constancy in the world's variety and changes. Make me just as You would have me, so that I may finally enjoy the safety and tranquility that only You can give me. Turn away, I pray you, O Lord, your heavy wrath justly hanging over those populous cities, whose plenty is prone to fuel their luxury, their wealth to make them reckless, their multitudes tempting them into a sense of security, and that security exposing them to unexpected miseries. Give them eyes to see, hearts to consider, wills to embrace, and courage to act those things that belong to your glory and the public peace, lest their calamity come upon them as an armed man. Teach them that those who abound in sin cannot lack enemies; nor will they long remain undarmed and undestroyed who, with a high hand, keep fighting against You and the clear convictions of their own consciences—for they fight more against themselves than they ever did against me.89 Their sins expose them to your justice, their riches to the injuries of others, their numbers to tumults, and those tumults to confusion. Though they have eagerly helped to destroy me, still let my fall not be their ruin.10 Let me not dwell so much on either what they have done or what I have suffered—especially at first, at their hands—that I forget to imitate my crucified Redeemer: to plead their ignorance for their pardon; and in the last extremities of my dying, to pray to You, O Father, to forgive them, for they do not know what they did.11 Give them grace to bestow on themselves the tears they denied me in my saddest condition; the less they were for me, the more reason they have to weep for themselves. Please, don't let my blood be on them or their children—those whom the fraud and faction of a few, not the malice of all, have stirred up to crucify me. But you, O Lord, can and will—just as you did for my Redeemer—both exalt and perfect me through my sufferings, which contain more of your mercy than of man's cruelty or your own justice.

Read the original Latin

What part God will have me now to act or suffer in this new and strange scene of affaires, I am not much solicitous; some little practise will serve that man, who only seeks to represent a part of honesty and honour.

This surprize of me tels the world, that a KING cannot be so low, but he is considerable, adding weight to that party where he appears.

This motion, like others of the Times, seems excentrique and irregular, yet not well to be resisted or quieted: Better swim down such a stream, then in vain to strive against it.

These are but the struglings of those twins, which lately one womb enclosed, the younger striving to prevail against the elder; what the Presbyterians have hunted after, the Independents now seek to catch for themselves.

So impossible it is for lines to be drawn from the center, and not to divide from each other, so much the wider, by how much they go farther from the point of union.

That the Builders of Babel should from division fall to confusion, is no wonder; but for those that pretend to build Jerusalem, to divide their tongues and hands, is but an ill Omen; and sounds too like the fury of those Zealots, whose intestine bitterness and divisions were the greatest occasion of the last fatall destruction of that Citie.

Well may I change my Keepers and Prison, but not my captive condition, onely with this hope of bettering, that those who are so much professed Patrons for the Peoples Liberties, cannot be utterly against the Liberty of their KING; what they demand for their own Consciences, they cannot in Reason deny to mine.

In this they seem more ingenuous, then the Presbyterian rigour, who sometimes complaining of exacting their conformity to laws, are become the greatest Exactours of other mens submission to their novel injunctions, before they are stamped with the Authority of Laws, which they cannot well have without my Consent.

'Tis a great argument, that the Independents think themselves manumitted from their Rivals service, in that they carry on a businesse of such consequence, as the assuming my Person into the Armies custody, without any commission, but that of their own will and power. Such as will thus adventure on a KING, must not be thought over-modest, or timerous to carry on any designe they have a mind to.

Their next motion menaces, and scares both the two Houses and the City: which soon after acting over again that former part of Tumultuary motions, (never questioned, punished or repented) must now suffer for both; and see their former sin in the glasse of the present terrours and distractions.

No man is so blinde as not to see herein the hand of divine Justice; They that by Tumults first occasioned the raising of Armies, must now be chastned by their own Army for new Tumults.

So hardly can men be content with one sin, but add sin to sin, till the later punish the former; such as were content to see Me and many Members of both Houses driven away by the first unsuppressed Tumults, are now forced to flie to an Armie or defend themselves against them.

But who can unfold the riddle of some mens justice? The Members of both Houses who at first withdrew (as my Self was forced to do) from the rudeness of the Tumults, were counted Deserters, and outed of their places in Parliament.

Such as stayed then, and enjoyed the benefit of the Tumults, were asserted for the onely Parliament-men: now the Fliers from, and Forsakers of their Places, carry the Parliamentary power along with them; complain highly against the Tumults, and vindicate themselves by an Armie: such as remained and kept their stations, are looked upon as Abettors of Tumultuary Insolencies, and Betrayers of the Freedom and Honour of Parliament.

Thus is Power above all Rule, Order, and Law; where men look more to present Advantages then their Consciences, and the unchangeable rules of Justice; while they are Judges of others, they are forced to condemn themselves.

Now the plea against Tumults holds good, the Authours and Abettors of them are guiltie of prodigious insolencies; when as before they were counted as Friends, and necessary Assistants.

I see Vengeance pursues and overtakes (as the Mice and Rats are said to have done the Bishop in Germanie) them that thought to have escaped, and fortified themselves most impregnably against it, both by their multitude and compliance.

Whom the Laws cannot, God will punish by their own crimes and hands.

I cannot but observe this divine Justice, yet with sorrow and pity; for, I always wished so well to Parliament and Citie, that I was sorry to see them do or suffer any thing unworthy such great and considerable Bodies in this Kingdom.

I was glad to see them onely scared and humbled, not broken by that shaking: I never had so ill a thought of those Cities, as to despair of their Loyaltie to Me; which mistakes might eclipse, but I never beleeved malice had quite put out.

I pray God the storm be yet wholly passed over them, upon whom I look as Christ did sometime over Jerusalem, as objects of my prayers and tears, with compassionate grief, foreseeing those severer scatterings which will certainly befall such as wantonly refuse to be gathered to their duty: fatall blindnesse frequently attending and punishing wilfulnesse, so that men shall not be able at last to prevent their sorrows, who would not timely repent of their sins; nor shall they be suffered to enjoy the comforts, who securely neglect the counsels belonging to their peace. They will finde that brethren in iniquitie are not far from becoming insolent Enemies, there being nothing harder then to keep ill men long in one minde.

Nor is it possible to gain a fair period for those notions which go rather in a round and circle of fansie, then in a right line of reason tending to the Law, the onely center of publike consistency; whither I pray God at last bring all sides.

Which will easily be done, when we shall fully see how much more happie we are, to be subject to the known Laws, then to the various wils of any men, seem they never so plausible at first.

Vulgar compliance with any illegal and extravagant wayes, like violent motions in nature, soon grows weary of itself, and ends in a refractory sullennesse: Peoples rebounds are oft in their faces, who first put them upon those violent strokes.

For the Army (which is so far excusable, as they act according to Souldiers principles, and interests, demanding pay and indemnity) I think it necessary, in order to the publike peace, that they should be satisfied, as far as is just; no man being more prone to consider them then my Self: though they have fought against Me, yet I cannot but so far esteem that valour and gallantry they have sometime shewed, as to wish I may never want such men to maintain my Self, my Laws, and my Kingdoms, in such a peace, as wherein they may enjoy their share and proportion, as much as any men.

But thou, O Lord, who art perfect Unity in a sacred Trinity, in mercy behold those whom thy Justice hath divided.

Deliver me from the strivings of my People, and make Me to see how much they need my prayers and pity, who agreed to fight against me, and yet are now ready to fight against one another, to the continuance of my Kingdoms distractions.

Discover to all sides the ways of peace from which they have swerved: which consists not in the divided wils of Parties, but in the point and due observation of the Laws.

Make me willing to go whither thou wilt lead me by thy providence; and be thou ever with me, that I may see thy constancy in the worlds varieti and changes.

Make me even such as thou wouldst have Me, that I may at last enjoy that safetie and tranquillity which thou alone canst give Me.

Divert, I pray thee, O Lord, thy heavie wrath justly hanging over those populous Cities, whose plenty is prone to add fewel to their luxurie, their wealth to make them wanton, their multitudes tempting them to securitie, and their securitie exposing them to unexpected miseries.

Give them eys to see, hearts to consider, wils to embrace, and courage to act those things which belong to thy glorie, and the publique Peace, lest their calamitie come upon them as an armed man.

Teach them that they cannot want Enemies who abound in sin; nor shall they be long un-disarmed and un-destroyed, who with an high hand persisting to fight against Thee, and the cleer convictions of their own Consciences, fight more against themselves, then ever they did against Me.

Their sins exposing them to thy Justice, their riches to others injuries, their number to Tumults, and Tumults to confusion.

Though they have with much forwardnesse helped to destroy Me; yet let not my fall be their ruine.

Let Me not so much consider, hither what they have done, or I have suffered [chiefly at first, by them] as to forget to imitate my crucified Redeemer, to plead their ignorance for their pardon; and in my dying extremities to pray to Thee, O Father, to forgive them, for they know not what they did.

The tears they have denied me in my saddest condition, give them grace to bestow upon themselves; who the lesse they were for me, the more cause they have to weep for themselves.

O let not my blood be upon them and their Children, whom the fraud and faction of some, not the malice of all, have excited to crucifie me.

But thou, O Lord, canst and wilt (as thou didst my Redeemer) both exalt and perfect me by my sufferings, which have more in them of thy Mercie, then of mans Crueltie, or thy own Justice.

Scripture echoes

  1. Isa.30.1Oh, rebellious children, declares the LORD, who carry out a plan, but not from me, and who pour out a libation, but not of my Spirit, in order to heap sin upon sin.
  2. Rom.2.1;Matt.7.1-Matt.7.2Therefore you are without excuse, O man, everyone who judges; for in that which you judge another, you condemn yourself, for you who judge practice the same things. Matt.7.1 — Do not judge, so that you will not be judged. Matt.7.2 — For with the judgment you judge, you will be judged, and with the measure you measure, it will be measured to you.
  3. Deut.32.35;Rom.12.19Vengeance is mine, and recompense, at the time when their foot slips; for the day of their calamity is near, and what is appointed for them hastens. Rom.12.19 — Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave room for wrath, for it is written, 'Vengeance is mine; I will repay, says the Lord.'
  4. Luke.19.41-Luke.19.44;Matt.23.37;Luke.13.34And as he drew near, when he saw the city, he wept over it, Luke.19.42 — saying, "If only you had known on this day, even you, the things that make for peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes." Luke.19.43 — For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build a barricade against you, surround you, and hem you in on every side. Luke.19.44 — and they will dash you to the ground, and your children within you, and they will not leave upon you stone upon stone, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation. Matt.23.37 — Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you — how often I desired to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing. Luke.13.34 — O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I desired to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!
  5. Matt.23.37;Luke.13.34Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you — how often I desired to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing. Luke.13.34 — O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I desired to gather your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing!
  6. Luke.19.42saying, "If only you had known on this day, even you, the things that make for peace! But now they are hidden from your eyes."
  7. Ps.18.43;2Sam.22.44I beat them fine as dust before the wind; I poured them out like mud in the streets. 2Sam.22.44 — You delivered me from the strife of my people; you kept me as the head of the nations; a people I did not know serve me.
  8. Isa.59.8;Rom.3.17;Luke.1.79The way of peace they do not know, and there is no justice in their paths. Their roads they have made crooked for themselves; whoever walks in them does not know peace. Rom.3.17 — and the way of peace they have not known. Luke.1.79 — to shine on those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.
  9. 1Thess.5.3When they say, 'Peace and security,' then sudden destruction comes upon them, like labor pains upon a woman with child, and they will not escape.
  10. Luke.23.28But turning toward them Jesus said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; but weep for yourselves and for your children."
  11. Phil.2.8-Phil.2.9;Heb.2.9-Heb.2.10;Acts.2.32-Acts.2.33And he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Phil.2.9 — Therefore God also exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name above every name, Heb.2.9 — But we see Jesus, who was made lower than the angels for a little while, now crowned with glory and honor because of the suffering of death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone. Heb.2.10 — For it was fitting for him, for whom are all things and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to make the pioneer of their salvation perfect through sufferings. Acts.2.32 — This Jesus God raised up, and of that we all are witnesses. Acts.2.33 — Therefore, having been exalted to the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out what you both see and hear.

Notes

  1. 1Early modern 'ingenuous' here means frank, candid, free of dissimulation (not modern 'naive'); 'then' is comparative 'than'; 'Exactours' = exactors (those who demand or enforce compliance).
  2. 2Early modern glasse means looking-glass/mirror; rendered as 'mirror' to keep the moral reflection image without archaism.
  3. 3Here 'distractions' means political disorders and divisions, not mere mental distraction; rendered as 'upheavals'.
  4. 4Early modern 'rudeness' here means rough, violent disorder, not mere impoliteness; rendered as 'rough violence' to keep that force.
  5. 5Source 'then' is Early Modern comparative for 'than' ('more to present Advantages then their Consciences'); rendered as modern 'than'.
  6. 6Early modern “compliance” here means going along with the prevailing party or multitude, not mere rule-following; rendered as “falling into line.”
  7. 7Early modern 'point' with the laws most likely means their exact substance or true tenor, paired with 'due observation' (observance/keeping). Rendered as 'true substance and proper observance'; not a single debating 'point.'
  8. 8Early modern 'want' means 'lack,' not 'desire'; rendered as 'cannot lack enemies.'
  9. 9'with a high hand' preserves the biblical idiom for defiant, open rebellion (as in Exodus 14:8; Numbers 15:30).
  10. 10forwardnesse rendered as eagerly (rash, over-ready zeal/boldness), not mere promptness.
  11. 11Source 'hither' is read as the correlative 'either' (with 'or'), which alone yields a coherent construction; if 'hither' is retained as 'here/in this matter,' the sense is only slightly different.

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