Upon the many Jealousies raised, and Scandals cast upon the King, to stir up the people against Him
The Burden of Falsehood
The King reflects on the pain of being slandered by his own subjects and the necessity of maintaining his royal integrity despite the malice of his enemies.
If I didn't have my own innocence and God's protection, it would be hard for me to hold out against the schemes and malicious assaults that seek to crush the truth with falsehoods, and to use suspicion to make up for the lack of real reasons that might justify such unjust campaigns against me. And indeed, the worst effects of open hostility fall short of these schemes: for I would more willingly lose my crowns than my good name; nor are my kingdoms so dear to me as my reputation and honor. Those must end with my life, but these may live on in a kind of glorious immortality when I am dead and gone; a good name is the embalming of princes, and a sweet consecration of them to an eternity of love and gratitude among later generations.1 Those foul and false aspersions were secret engines first set to work against my people's love for me: so that, by undermining their opinion and esteem of me, my enemies—and theirs too—might in one blow destroy their affection and batter down their loyalty. Even so, I thank God: the damage to My honor does not hurt Me as much as the sin and danger of My people's souls—whose eyes, once blinded by such mists of suspicion, are soon led into the most desperate precipices of action, where they not only fail to consider their sin and danger, but glory in their zealous exploits, while I am made to seem so fit for destruction that many are ambitious to earn the name of My destroyers, imagining they fear God most when they least honor their King. I thank God I've always found that my pity was greater than my anger; nor have my passions ever so overpowered me as to shut out my most compassionate prayers for those whom devout errors, more than their own malice, have betrayed into a most religious rebellion.✦2 I had the charity to interpret most of my subjects as fighting against my supposed errors, not against my person, and as meaning to mend me, not to end me. And I hope that God, pardoning their errors, has so far accepted and answered their good intentions that, just as he has still preserved me, so by these afflictions he has prepared me both to serve him better and to do my people more good than I have done until now.34 I'm no more willing to forgive the ways they were led astray—which brought about the injuries they did me out of loyalty—than I am eager, by every princely good I can show, to free them from their unjust suspicions and reward them for their good intentions.56 I'm too conscious of my own affection toward the general body of my people to suspect theirs toward me; nor will the malice of my enemies ever be able to deprive me of the comfort that confidence gives me. I will never gratify the spitefulness of a few with any sinister thoughts about the allegiance of all those whom pious frauds have seduced. The worst some men's ambition can do will never persuade me to put such a bad interpretation on most of my subjects' actions—who may possibly be mistaken, but not heretical when it comes to loyalty. The pain of the injuries done to my subjects is as sharp as those done to me; our welfare is inseparable. They suffer more than I do in only one way: they are being stirred up by certain seducers to harm both themselves and me at the same time.7 For it isn't enough for my enemies' malice that I should be afflicted; it has to be done through such instruments that my afflictions don't grieve me more than this does: that I am afflicted by those whose prosperity I earnestly desire, and whose being led astray I heartily deplore.8 If they had been open, foreign enemies, I could have handled it; but they have to be my own subjects, whom I hold dear, second only to my children. And to restore some peace, I would willingly be the Jonah, if I didn't clearly foresee that the divided interests of their enemies and mine—like contrary winds—would only increase the storm of their miseries rather than calm it. I'd rather prevent my people's ruin than rule over them; nor am I as ambitious for that dominion—which is only my right—as I am for their happiness, if it could atone for or offset obtaining it through the worst injuries subjects can commit against their sovereign.9 Yet I would rather suffer all the miseries of life, and die many deaths, than shamefully desert or dishonorably betray my own just rights and sovereignty, and so gratify the ambition or justify the malice of my enemies. Between their malice and other men's mistakes I put as great a difference as between an ordinary fever and the plague, or between the itch for novelty and the leprosy of disloyalty.10
The Integrity of Conscience
The King addresses the hypocrisy of his critics, defending his religious constancy and his right to seek aid from all subjects regardless of their faith.
Just as liars need good memories, so malicious people need good inventiveness—so that their slanders can fit every person's fancy, and what their reproaches lack in truth they can make up for with sheer numbers and show. My patience—I thank God—will serve me better for bearing, and my charity for forgiving, than my free time will for answering the many false aspersions some men have cast on me. If I didn't care more about satisfying my subjects than about clearing my own name, I would never have given some men's malice the pleasure of seeing me notice or remember what they say or charge against me. I would leave these authors to be punished by their own evil ways and seared consciences. I believe that sooner than they expect, these will both refute and avenge all the foul, false scandals they have cast on me. They will make the world see that there is as little truth in them as there was little worth in starting them, or civility—to say nothing of loyalty—in failing to suppress them. Their own credit and reputation, even among the people, will before long be completely destroyed by the heat of that same furnace of popular abuse and slander which they have worked to inflame to the highest pitch of infamy, and into which they have sought to cast and consume my name and honor.✦ First, nothing made me question my own innocence more than seeing so many people eager to take sides against me who had previously made such a show of uncommon piety. This cast such a negative light on me and my cause in the eyes of ordinary people—as if it were impossible to stand with me without turning away from God, or impossible to think or speak well of me without blaspheming Him. So many were convinced that these two things were completely incompatible: being loyal to me and truly religious toward God. Not that I didn't have—I thank God—many with me who were both learned and religious (far above that ordinary measure, and that common standard some men take so much pride in), who were so fully persuaded of the justice of the cause for which I suffered that they chose rather to suffer with me than forsake me. Nor is it strange that religious pretensions like those used against me should be a great temptation for many well-meaning men to oppose me—especially when they are urged on by popular preachers who think it no sin to lie for God and for whatever they please to call God's cause, cursing everyone who will not curse with them; and who fix so much on the goodness of the end they put forward, and cry it up so loudly, that they never consider whether the means used are lawful, or how deep the mischief is that was chiefly plotted and intended. The weakness of these men's judgment has to be made up for by their clamor and activity. It was a large part of some men's religion to scandalize me and mine; they thought theirs could not be true if they didn't denounce mine as false. I thank God that I've had more experience of his grace regarding the constancy of my religion in the Protestant profession of the Church of England, both abroad and at home, than they are ever likely to have. I don't know of any charge I'm more open to, in their opinion, than being too firmly fixed in that religion whose judicious and solid grounds, both from Scripture and antiquity, won't allow my conscience to approve or consent to the many dangerous and divisive innovations that the bold ignorance of some men insists on forcing upon me and my people. Contrary to those well-tested foundations of both Truth and Order which men of far greater learning and clearer zeal have settled in the Confession and Constitution of this Church in England—foundations that many former Parliaments, in the calmest and least impassioned times, have often confirmed—and in which, by God's help, I will always persevere, believing it holds most of the primitive Truth and Order. Using the help of some Catholics who were my subjects didn't go against my religion in any way, despite what some insisted—especially those who cared least about whom they employed, or what those people said and did, as long as they themselves could prevail. It's strange that men who want to be thought so wise don't grasp that differences of persuasion in matters of religion can easily arise where there is the same duty, allegiance, and subjection: the first they owe as men and Christians to God; the second they owe to me in common, as their king. Different professions in point of religion cannot—any more than in civil trades—take away the shared bonds of relation either to parents or to princes.11 And where else in the world is there such a hodgepodge of various religions as those men take into their service—the very ones who find the most fault with me—without any hesitation regarding the diversity of their sects and opinions!12 It was indeed a foul and indelible shame for those who wanted to be counted Protestants to force me—a declared Protestant, their Lord and King—into having to make necessary use of Papists, or of anyone else who only did their duty in helping me defend myself. Nor did I do more than is lawful for any king in such emergencies: use the help of any of his subjects.13 I'm sorry Catholics should have a greater sense of their allegiance than many who profess the Protestant faith—people who seem to have learned, and to practice, the worst principles of the worst Catholics.14 It would have been completely out of place and ill-timed for me to argue about the differences in belief among my subjects—and it certainly would have been a convenient excuse for my enemies—at a time when I was being challenged at sword-point, and when I needed my subjects' help as men just as much as their prayers as Christians.15
The True Meaning of Liberty
The King critiques the misuse of the term 'liberty' by those who seek to undermine the rule of law and the stability of the kingdom.
The outcry over my evil counselors was another useful device for those who couldn't bear that anyone's counsel but their own should be followed in Church or State—who were so eager to give me better counsel that they wouldn't allow me to take it freely, as a man, or with honor, as a king; making their counsel more like a forced dose that must be poured down the throat than a drink that might be fairly and leisurely taken if I liked it.16 I won't justify myself or my counselors beyond the scope of ordinary human error and frailty. They may have made some missteps, but those were far more easily corrected by second and better thoughts than the enormous excesses that have now bewildered, and almost completely lost, both Church and State.17 The outcome of events will eventually make it clear to my subjects that even if I had followed the worst advice my worst counselors ever dared to offer, or that I myself had any inclination to take, I could not have so quickly brought the Church and State in three flourishing kingdoms into such a chaos of confusion and a hell of miseries as some men have done—men who, despite all their many great advantages, cannot or will not rescue either me or my subjects. No one was more ready to address complaints than I was to fix whatever I saw, through reason, had been done or advised wrongly; and I thought I had done this even beyond what moderate men expected—men who were sorry to see me so ready to harm even myself out of a zeal to relieve my subjects. But other men's insatiable desire for revenge against me, my court, and my clergy has completely cheated both Church and State of the benefit of all my retractions or concessions; and what's more, it has deprived all those (now such zealous persecutors) of both the comfort and the reward of their former claimed persecutions, in which they boasted so much among the common people—and which, indeed, a truly humble Christian will prize so highly that he would rather go unrelieved than be avenged, if revenge meant being stripped of that crown of Christian patience that belongs to humble and injured sufferers.1819 Another device used to draw my people's affections away from me toward their designs was the noise and show of Liberty—which people are no more eager to desire than they are unfit to bear in the popular sense, which is to do whatever each person likes best. If the purest liberty is to will what people ought to will, and to do what they so will, according to reason, laws, and religion, I don't begrudge my subjects that liberty—it's all I desire to enjoy myself. I'm so far from wanting to oppress theirs. Were those lords and gentlemen who assisted me so reckless with their liberties as to stake their lives and fortunes on helping enslave themselves and their descendants? As for civil immunities, no one but those looking to advance their ambitious and greedy agendas over the ruins of Church and State, Prince, Peers, and people will ever desire greater freedoms than the law allows—boundaries that good people view as their ornament and protection, while others see them as shackles and oppression. It isn't right for anyone to expect the reward and benefit of the Law if they despise its rules and direction; they justly lose their safety while seeking an unreasonable liberty. Time will best show my subjects that the best guardians of their true liberties are those who allow themselves the least license against or beyond the laws. They will feel it at last, to their own cost, that those men cannot truly care for their fellow subjects' liberties who have the boldness to put their King under such severe restraints, against all laws, both divine and human; under which restraints I would still rather perish than complain to those who need nothing to complete their joy and triumph but music of that kind. When it comes to true conscientious tenderness—joined with humility and meekness, not with proud and arrogant activism that tries to hatch every egg of differing opinion into a faction or schism—I have often declared how little I desire my laws and scepter to encroach on God's sovereignty, who alone is King of people's consciences; and yet He has laid such restraints on people as command them to be subject for conscience's sake, giving no one liberty to break the established law further than this: that with meekness and patience they are content to suffer the attached penalty rather than disturb the public peace. The truth is, some men's thirst for novelties, and others' despair of relieving the needs of their fortunes or of satisfying their ambition in peaceful times (distrusting God's providence as much as their own merits), were the secret—but principal—impulses behind these popular upheavals, by which subjects have been persuaded to spend much of those plentiful estates they gained and enjoyed under my government in peaceful times; estates that must now be blasted with every odious reproach that impotent malice can invent, and I myself exposed to every contempt that most diminishes a king's majesty and increases the ungrateful insolence of my people.
A Prayer for Vindication
The King concludes with a series of prayers, entrusting his reputation and his life to God's justice while interceding for his enemies.
As for my honor, I am fully assured that just as my innocence is clear before God on every slander they charge against me, so my reputation will, like the sun—after owls and bats have had their free run in the night and darker times—rise and recover itself to such a brilliance that those deathly birds will be grieved to look on it and unable to bear it.20 For no princes were ever more glorious than those whom God has allowed to be tried in the furnace of afflictions by their injurious subjects.✦ And who knows but that the just and merciful God will do me good because of some men's harsh, false, and evil speeches against me—in which they speak more of what they wish than what they believe or know. I cannot suffer as much in my honor from those rude and scandalous pamphlets—which, like fire in a great conflagration, fly about to set every place ablaze with the same kind of flames—as those men do who, while claiming so much piety, are so forgetful of their duty to God and to me. They never in any way defend the majesty of their King against those who, contrary to God's command and the example of the angels, speak evil of dignities and bring railing accusations against those honored with the name of gods.✦✦ It's no wonder that people who don't fear God fail to honor their King. People who don't revere that supreme and adorable Majesty—next to whom all the glory of men and angels is mere darkness—will easily scorn such shadows of God; yet He has engraved on kings such marks of divine authority and sacred power that no one may seek to blot them out without sin. Nor will their black veils be able to hide the shining of my face while God gives me a heart to speak often and humbly with Him—from whom alone all true glory and majesty come.✦21 You, O Lord, know my reproach and my dishonor; my adversaries are all before you. My soul is among lions, among those who are set on fire—even the sons of men; whose teeth are spears and arrows, their tongue a sharp sword.✦ My enemies insult me all day long, and those who rage against me have sworn an oath together. O my God, how long will the sons of men turn my glory into shame?✦ How long will they love vanity and chase after lies?✦ You have heard the insults of wicked men on every side. Do not keep silent, or my enemies will prevail against me and lay my honor in the dust.✦ You, O Lord, will destroy those who speak lies; the Lord will abhor both the bloodthirsty and the deceitful. Make my righteousness appear as the light, and let my innocence shine like the noon sun. Don't let my silence betray my innocence, or my displeasure my patience; so that, following my Savior's example, when I am reviled I may not revile in return, and when I am cursed by them, I may bless them.✦✦ You who would not let Shimei's tongue go unpunished, when by your judgments on David he might seem to justify his disdainful reproaches: give me grace to intercede with your mercy for these enemies of mine, that the reward of false and lying tongues—even hot burning coals of eternal fire—may not be brought upon them.✦✦ Let my prayers and patience be as water to cool and quench their tongues, who are already set on fire with the fire of Hell and tormented by those malicious flames.✦ Let me be glad to refute and silence their evil speaking by doing good; and let them not enjoy the fruit of their lips, but of my prayer for their repentance and your pardon.✦✦ Teach me David's patience and Hezekiah's devotion, so that I may look to your mercy through man's malice and see your justice in their sin. Let the seditious speeches of Sheba, the railing of Rabshakeh, and the cursing of Shimei call forth my humble prayer to you—and in return, your renewed blessing upon me.22 Though they curse, you bless—and I will be blessed, and made a blessing to my people. That the stone which some builders refuse may become the cornerstone. Look down from heaven and save me from the reproach of those who would swallow me up. Hide me in the secret of your presence from human pride, and keep me from the strife of tongues.
Read the original Latin
If I had not My own Innocency, and Gods protection, it were hard for Me to stand out against those stratagems and conflicts of malice, which by falsities seek to oppresse the Truth; and by Jealousies to supply the defect of reall causes, which might seem to justifie so unjust ingagements against Me.
And indeed, the worst effects of open hostility come short of these designes: For, I can more willingly lose My Crownes, then My credit; nor are My Kingdomes so dear to Me, as My Reputation and Honor.
Those must have a period with my life; but these may survive to a glorious kind of Immortality, when I am dead and gone: A good name being the imbalming of Princes, and a sweet consecrating of them to an Eternity of love and gratitude among Posterity.
Those foul and false aspersions were secret engines at first employed against My peoples love to Me: that undermining their opinion and value of Me, My enemies, and theirs too might at one blow up their affections, and batter down their loyalty.
Wherein yet, I thank God, the detriment of My Honor is not so afflictive to Me, as the sin and danger of My peoples souls, whose eyes once blinded with such mists of suspicions, they are soon misled into the most desperate precipices of actions: wherein they do not only, not consider their sin and danger, but glory in their zealous adventures; while I am rendred to them so fit to be destroyed, that many are ambitious to merit the name of My Destroyers; Imagining they then fear God most, when they least honor their King.
I thank God, I never found but My pity was above My anger; nor have My passions ever so prevailed against me, as to exclude My most compassionate prayers for them, whom devout errours more then their own malice have betrayed to a most religious Rebellion.
I had the Charity to interpret, that most part of My Subjects fought against My supposed Errours, not My person; and intended to mend Me, not to end Me: And I hope that God pardoning their Errours, hath so farre accepted and answered their good intentions, as he hath yet preserved Me, so he hath by these afflictions prepared me, both to do him better service, and My people more good then hitherto I have done.
I do not more willingly forgive their seductions, which occasioned their loyall injuries, then I am ambitious by all Princely merits to redeem them from their unjust suspicions, and reward them for their good intentions.
I am too conscious to My own affections toward the generality of my people to suspect theirs to Me; nor shall the malice of My Enemies ever be able to deprive Me of the comfort which that confidence gives Me; I shall never gratifie the spightfulnesse of a few with any sinister thoughts of all their Allegiance, whom pious frauds have seduced.
The worst some mens ambition can do, shall never perswade Me, to make so bad interpretations of most of My Subjects actions; who possibly may be erroneous, but not Hereticall in point of Loyalty.
The sence of the injuries done to My Subjects is as sharp, as those done to My Self; our welfares being inseparable; in this only they suffer more then My self, that they are animated by some seducers to injure at once both themselves and Me.
For this it is not enough to the malice of My Enemies, that I be afflicted; but it must be done by such instruments, that My afflictions grieve Me not more, then this doth, that I am afflicted by those, whose prosperity I earnestly desire, and whose seduction I heartily deplore.
If they had been my open and forraign Enemies, I could have born it; but they must be My own Subjects, who are next to My Children dear to me: And for the restoring of some tranquillity, I could willingly be the Jonah, if I did not evidently fore-see, that by the divided interests of their and Mine Enemies, as by contrary winds, the storm of their miseries would be rather increased then allayed.
I had rather prevent my peoples ruin then rule over them; nor am I so ambitious of that Dominion which is but My Right, as of their happiness; If it could expiate or countervail such a way of obtaining it, by the highest injuries of subjects committed against their Soveraign.
Yet I had rather suffer all the miseries of life, and die many deaths, then shamefully to desert, or dishonourable to betray My own just Rights and Soveraignty; thereby to gratifie the ambition, or justifie the malice of my enemies; between whose malice, and other mens mistakes, I put as great a difference, as between an ordinary Ague and the Plague; or the Itch of Novelty, and the Leprosie of Disloyalty.
As Liars need have good memories, so malicious persons need good inventions; that their calumnies may fit every mans fancy; and what their reproaches want of truth, they may make up with numbers and shew.
My patience (I thank God) wil better serve Me to bear, and My charity to forgive, then My leisure to answer the many false Aspersions which some men have cast upon Me.
Did I not more consider My Subjects Satisfaction, then my owne Vindication, I should never have given the malice of some men that pleasure, as to see me take notice of, or remember what they say, or object.
I would leave the Authors to be punished by their own evill manners, and seared Consciences, which will, I believe, in a shorter time then they be aware of, both confute and revenge all those black and false Scandals which they have cast on me; And make the world see, there is as little truth in them, as there was little worth in the broaching of them, or Civility, (I need not say Loyalty) in the not suppressing of them; whose credit and reputation, even with the people, shall ere long be quite blasted by the breath of that same fornace of popular obloquy, and detraction, which they have studied to heat and inflame to the highest degree of infamy, and wherein they have sought to cast and consume My Name and Honor.
First, nothing gave me more cause to suspect, and search mine own innocencie, then when I observed so many forward to engage against me, who had made great professions of singular piety; For this gave to Vulgar minds so bad a reflection upon me and my Cause, as if it had been impossible to adhere to me, and not withall part from God; to think or speak well of me, and not to blaspheme him; so many were perswaded that these two were utterly inconsistent, to be at once Loyall to Me, and truly Religious toward God.
Not but that I had (I thank God) many with me, which were both learned and Religious, (much above that ordinary size, and that Vulgar proportion wherein some men glory so much) who were so well satisfied in the cause of my sufferings, that they chose rather to suffer with me, then forsake me.
Nor is it strange, that so religious Pretensions as were used against me, should be to many well-minded men a great temptation to oppose me; especially, being urged by such popular Preachers as think it no sin to lie for God, and what they please to call Gods Cause, cursing all that will not curse with them; looking so much at, and crying up the goodnesse of the end propounded, that they consider not the lawfulness of the means used nor the depth of the mischief, chiefly plotted and intended.
The weakness of these mens judgments must be made up by their clamours and activity.
It was a great part of some mens Religion to scandalize me and mine; they thought theirs could not be true, if they cried not down Mine as false.
I thank God, I have had more triall of his grace, as to the constancy of my Religion in the Protestant profession of the Church of England, both abroad, and at home, then ever they are like to have.
Nor do I know any exception I am so liable to, in their opinion, as too great a fixedness in that Religion, whose judicious and solid grounds, both from Scripture, and Antiquity, will not give my conscience leave to approve or consent to those many dangerous and divided innovations, which the bold ignorance of some men would needs obtrude upon me, and my people.
Contrary to those well tried foundations both of Truth, and Order, which men of far greater Learning, and clearer Zeal, have settled in the Confession and Constitution of this Church in England, which many former Parliaments in the most calm, and unpassionate times, have oft confirmed; In which I shall ever, by Gods help, persevere, as beleeving it hath most of primitive Truth and Order.
Nor did my using the assistance of some Papists, which were my Subjects, any way fight against my Religion, some men would needs interpret it: especially those who least of all men cared whom they imployed, or what they said and did, so they might prevail.
'Tis strange that so wise men, as they would be esteemed, should not conceive, That differences of perswasion in matters of Religion may easily fall out, where there is the samenesse of duty, Allegeance and subjection: The first they owe as men and Christians to God; the second they owe to me in common, as their KING: different professions in point of Religion cannot (any more then in civill Trades) take away the community of relations either to Parents, or to Princes. And where is there such an Oglio or medly of various Religions in the world again, as those men entertain in their service (who finde most fault with me) without any scruple, as to the diversity of their Sects and Opinions!
It was, indeed, a foul and indeleable shame, for such as would be counted Protestants, to inforce Me, a declared Protestant, their Lord and King, to a necessary use of Papists, or any other, who did but their duty to help Me to defend my self.
Nor did I more then is lawful for any King, in such exigents to use the aid of any his Subjects.
I am sorry the Papists should have a greater sense of their Allegeance then many Protestant Professors; who seem to have learned, and to practise the worst Principles of the worst Papists.
Indeed, it had been a very impertinent and unseasonable scruple in me, (and very pleading, no doubt to my Enemies) to have been then disputing the points of different beliefs in my Subjects, when I was disputed with by Swords points: and when I needed the help of my Subjects as men, no lesse then their prayers as Christians.
The noise of my evill Counsellours was another usefull device for those, who were impatient any mens counsels but their own should be followed in Church or State; who were so eager in giving me better counsel, that they would not give me leave to take it with freedom, as a Man; or honour, as a King; making their Counsels more like a drench, that must be powred down, then a draught, which might be fairly and leisurely drank, if I liked it.
I will not justifie beyond humane errour and frailties my Self, or my Counsellours: They might be subject to some miscarriages, yet such as were far more reparable by second and better thoughts, then those enormous extravagances wherewith some men have now even wildred, and almost quite lost both Church and State.
The event of things at last will make it evident to my Subjects, that had I followed the worst Counsels that my worst Counsellours ever had the boldnesse to offer to me, or my Self any inclination to use; I could not so soon have brought both Church and State in three flourishing Kingdoms, to such a Chaos of confusion, and hell of miseries as some have done; out of which they cannot, or will not, in the midst of their many great advantages, redeem either Me, or my Subjects.
No men were more willing to complain, then I was to redresse what I saw in reason was either done or advised amisse: and this I thought I had done, even beyond the expectation of moderate men: who were sorry to see me prone even to injure my Self, out of a zeal to relieve my Subjects.
But other mens insatiable desire of revenge upon Me, my Court, and my Clergie, hath wholly beguiled both Church and State of the benefit of all my either Retractations or Concessions; and withall, hath deprived all those (now so zealous Persecutors) both of the comfort and reward of their former pretended Persecutions, wherein they so much gloryed among the Vulgar; and which, indeed a truly humbly Christian will so highly prize, as rather not be relieved, then be revenged, so as to be bereaved of that Crown of Christian patience, which attends humble and injured sufferers.
Another artifice used to withdraw my peoples affections from me to their designes, was, the noise and ostentation of Liberty, which men are not more prone to desire, then unapt to bear in the popular sense; which is to doe what every man liketh best.
If the divinest Liberty be to will what men should, and to do what they so will, according to Reason, Laws and Religion; I envie not my Subjects that liberty, which is all I desire to enjoy my self; So far am I from the desire of oppressing theirs. Now were those Lords and Gentlemen which assisted me, so prodigal of their Liberties, as with their Lives and Fortunes to help on the enslaving of themselves and their Posterities?
As to Civil Immunities, none but such as desire to drive on their ambitious and covetous Designes over the ruines of Church and State, Prince, Peers, and People, will ever desire greater Freedoms than the Laws allow; whose bounds good men count their Ornament and Protection; others their Manacles and Oppression.
Nor is it just any man should expect the reward and benefit of the Law, who despiseth his rule and direction, losing justly his Safety, while he seeks an unreasonable Libertie.
Time will best inform my Subjects, that those are the best preservers of their true Liberties, who allow themselves the least licentiousnesse against or beyond the Laws.
They will feel it at last to their cost, that it is impossible those men should be really tender of their fellow-subjects liberties, who have the hardinesse to use their King with so severe restraints, against all Laws, both Divine and Humane; under which yet I wil rather perish, then complain to those, who want nothing to compleat their mirth and triumph, but such musick.
In point of true conscientious tendernesse (attended with humility and meeknesse, not with proud and arrogant activity, which seeks to hatch every egg of different opinion to a Faction or Schism) I have oft declared, how little I desire my Laws and Scepter should intrench on Gods Soveraignty, which is the onely King of mens Consciences; and yet he hath laid such restraints upon men, as commands them to be subject for conscience sake, giving no men liberty to break the Law established, further then with meeknesse and patience they are content to suffer the penalty annexed, rather then perturb the publick Peace.
The truth is, some mens thirst after Novelties, others despair to relieve the necessities of their Fortunes, or satisfie their Ambition in peaceable times, (distrusting Gods providence, as well as their own merits) were the secret (but principal) impulsives to these popular Commotions, by which Subjects have been perswaded to expend much of those plentifull Estates they got, and enjoyed under my Government in peaceable times; which yet must now be blasted with all the odious reproaches which impotent malice can invent; and my Self exposed to all those contempts, which may most diminish the Majesty of a King, and increase the ingratefull insolencies of my People.
For mine Honour, I am well assured, that as mine Innocency is clear before God, in point of any calumnies they object; so my Reputation shall like the Sun (after Owls and Bats have had their freedom in the night and darker times) rise and recover it self to such a degree of splendour, as those ferall Birds shall be grieved to behold, and unable to bear. For never were any Princes more glorious, then those whom God hath suffered to be tried in the fournace of afflictions, by their injurious Subjects.
And who knows but the just and mercifull God will do me good, for some mens hard, false, and evill speeches against Me; wherein they speak rather what they wish, then what they beleeve, or know.
Nor can I suffer so much in point of Honour, by those rude and scandalous Pamphlets (which like fire in great conflagrations, fly up and down to set all places on like flames) as those men do, who pretending to so much piety, are so forgetfull of their duty to God and Me: By no way ever vindicating the Majesty of their KING against any of those, who contrary to the precept of God, and precedent of Angels, speak evil of dignities, and bring railing accusations against those who are honoured with the name of Gods.
But 'tis no wonder if men not fearing God, should not honour their KING.
They will easily contemn such shadows of God, who reverence not that Supreme and adorable Majestie, in comparison of whom all the glory of Men and Angels is but obscurity; yet hath he graven such Characters of divine Authority, and sacred Power upon Kings, as none may without sin seek to blot them out. Nor shall their black veils be able to hide the shining of my face, while God gives me an heart frequently and humbly to converse with him, from whom alone are all the traditions of true glory and majestie.
Thou, O Lord, knowest my reproach, and my dishonour; my adversaries are all before thee.
My soul is among Lions, among them that are set on fire, even the sons of men; whose teeth are spears and arrows, their tongue a sharp sword.
Mine enemies reproach me all the day long, and those that are mad against me, are sworn together.
O my God, how long shall the sons of men turn my glory into shame? how long shall they love vanity, and seek after lies?
Thou hast heard the reproaches of wicked men on every side. Hold not thy peace, lest my Enemies prevail against me, and lay mine honour in the dust.
Thou, O Lord, shalt destroy them that speak lies; the Lord will abhor both the blood-thirsty and deceitfull men.
Make my righteousnesse to appear as the light, and mine innocencie to shine forth as the Sun at noon-day.
Suffer not my silence to betray mine innocence, nor my displeasure, my patience; That after my Saviours example, being reviled, I may not revile again; and being cursed by them, I may bless them.
Thou that wouldst not suffer Shimei's tongue to go unpunished; when by thy judgements on David he might seem to justifie his disdainfull reproaches, give me grace to intercede with thy mercy for these my enemies, that the reward of false and lying tongues, even hot burning coales of eternall fire, may not be brought upon them.
Let my prayers, and patience, be as water to coole and quench their tongues, who are already set on fire with the fire of Hell, and tormented with those malitious flames.
Let me be happy to refute, and put to silence their evill speaking by well-doing; and let them enjoy not the fruit of their lips, but of my prayer for their repentance, and thy pardon.
Teach me Davids patience and Hezekiah's devotion, that I may look to thy mercy through mans malice and see thy justice in their sin.
Let Sheba's seditious speeches, Rabshekah's railing, and Shimei's cursing, provoke, as my humble prayer to thee, so thy renued blessing towards me.
Though they curse, do thou bless, and I shall be blessed; and made a blessing to my people.
That the stone, which some builders refuse, may become the head-stone of the corner.
Look down from heaven, and save me, from the reproach of them that would swallow me up.
Hide me in the secret of thy presence, from the pride of man, and keep me from the strife of tongues.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Matt.5.44 — But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.
- ↩1Tim.4.2 — This will come through hypocritical liars, whose own consciences have been seared as with a hot iron,
- ↩Isa.48.10 — See, I have refined you, but not as silver; I have chosen you in the furnace of affliction.
- ↩Jude.1.8-Jude.1.9;2Pet.2.10-2Pet.2.11 — Yet in the same way these also, dreaming, defile the flesh, reject authority, and revile glorious ones. Jude.1.9 — But when the archangel Michael, in his dispute with the devil, was arguing about the body of Moses, he did not dare to bring a judgment of blasphemy against him, but said, 'The Lord rebuke you.' 2Pet.2.10 — Most of all, those who walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement and despise authority. Bold and self-willed, they do not tremble as they blaspheme glorious ones. 2Pet.2.11 — whereas angels, though greater in strength and power, do not bring a slanderous judgment against them before the Lord.
- ↩Ps.82.6;Exod.22.28;John.10.34 — I said, "You are gods, sons of the Most High, all of you; Exod.22.28 — You shall not delay your fullness and your dripping; the firstborn of your sons you shall give to me. John.10.34 — Jesus answered them, "Is it not written in your Law, 'I said, you are gods'?"
- ↩Exod.34.29-Exod.34.35;2Cor.3.7-2Cor.3.18 — And it came to pass when Moses came down from Mount Sinai—with the two tablets of the testimony in Moses' hand as he came down from the mountain—that Moses did not know that the skin of his face shone while he spoke with Him. Exod.34.30 — When Aaron and all the people of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face was shining, and they were afraid to come near him. Exod.34.31 — Then Moses called to them, and Aaron and all the leaders of the congregation returned to him, and Moses spoke to them. Exod.34.32 — Afterward all the sons of Israel drew near, and he commanded them all that the LORD had spoken with him on Mount Sinai. Exod.34.33 — When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. Exod.34.34 — Whenever Moses went before the LORD to speak with him, he would remove the veil until he came out. Then he would go out and speak to the Israelites what he was commanded. Exod.34.35 — The Israelites would see Moses' face, that the skin of Moses' face was shining; and Moses would put the veil back over his face until he went in to speak with him. 2Cor.3.7 — Now if the ministry of death, engraved in letters on stone, came with such glory that the Israelites could not gaze at Moses' face because of the glory of his face—a glory that was being set aside— 2Cor.3.8 — How much more will the ministry of the Spirit be in glory! 2Cor.3.9 — For if the ministry of condemnation had glory, the ministry of righteousness abounds far more in glory. 2Cor.3.10 — For indeed, what once had glory has not been glorified in this case, because of the surpassing glory. 2Cor.3.11 — For if what is being set aside was glorious, how much more what remains is glorious! 2Cor.3.12 — Since we have such a hope, we speak with great boldness. 2Cor.3.13 — and not as Moses, who used to put a veil over his face so that the sons of Israel would not gaze at the end of what was being set aside 2Cor.3.14 — But their minds were hardened. For to this day the same veil remains over the reading of the old covenant, not being lifted, because it is in Christ that it is set aside. 2Cor.3.15 — But to this day, whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their hearts. 2Cor.3.16 — But whenever one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed. 2Cor.3.17 — Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom. 2Cor.3.18 — And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit.
- ↩Ps.57.4 — He will send from heaven and save me; he will put to shame the one who tramples me. Selah. God will send his steadfast love and faithfulness.
- ↩Ps.4.2 — When I call, answer me, God of my righteousness; in distress You have made room for me. Be gracious to me and hear my prayer.
- ↩Ps.4.2 — When I call, answer me, God of my righteousness; in distress You have made room for me. Be gracious to me and hear my prayer.
- ↩Ps.7.5 — if I have repaid my ally with evil, or plundered my enemy without cause," POETIC-DAILY: "if I paid back a friend with harm, if I robbed an enemy who had done me no wrong," MESSAGE-DAILY: "if I've done wrong to someone at peace with me, if I've ripped off an enemy who didn't deserve it," This verse should carry the missing conditional claims, not the curse that belongs in v.6.
- ↩1Pet.2.23 — When he was reviled, he did not revile in return; when he suffered, he did not threaten, but he entrusted himself to the one who judges justly.
- ↩Luke.6.28;Rom.12.14;Matt.5.44 — Bless those who curse you; pray for those who mistreat you. Rom.12.14 — Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. Matt.5.44 — But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.
- ↩2Sam.16.5-2Sam.16.13;1Kgs.2.8-1Kgs.2.9 — When King David came to Bahurim, a man from the family of the house of Saul came out from there, and his name was Shimei son of Gera. He came out, cursing as he came. 2Sam.16.6 — And he pelted David and all the king's servants with stones, and all the people and all the mighty men were on his right and on his left. 2Sam.16.7 — And thus Shimei said as he cursed: 'Come out, come out, you man of blood, you man of worthlessness!' 2Sam.16.8 — The LORD has brought back upon you all the blood of the house of Saul, in whose place you have reigned; and the LORD has given the kingdom into the hand of your son Absalom. And here you are, in your own evil, for you are a man of bloodshed. 2Sam.16.9 — Then Abishai son of Zeruiah said to the king, "Why should this dead dog curse my lord the king? Let me go over and take off his head." 2Sam.16.10 — But the king said, "What have I to do with you, sons of Zeruiah? Let him curse, for the LORD has told him, 'Curse David.' Who then shall say, 'Why have you done this?'" 2Sam.16.11 — And David said to Abishai and to all his servants, "Look, my son, who came from my own body, is seeking my life. How much more now this Benjamite! Leave him alone and let him curse, for the LORD has told him to." 2Sam.16.12 — Perhaps the LORD will see my affliction, and the LORD will repay me good for his cursing this day. 2Sam.16.13 — So David and his men went along the road, while Shimei went along the hillside opposite him, cursing as he went, throwing stones at him, and flinging dust. 1Kgs.2.8 — And behold, with you is Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjamite from Bahurim, who cursed me with a grievous curse on the day I went to Mahanaim. And he came down to meet me at the Jordan, and I swore to him by the LORD, saying, 'I will not put you to death with the sword.' 1Kgs.2.9 — And now, do not hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man, and you will know what you should do to him; bring his gray hair down to Sheol with blood.
- ↩Ps.120.4;Ps.140.10 — A warrior's sharp arrows, with glowing coals of broomwood. Ps.140.10 — Let burning coals be cast upon them; let them be hurled into the fire, into deep pits that they may not rise again.
- ↩Jas.3.6 — And the tongue is a fire. The tongue is set among our members as the world of unrighteousness, staining the whole body, setting the wheel of birth ablaze, and itself set ablaze by hell.
- ↩1Pet.2.15;1Pet.2.12 — For such is the will of God: by doing good to silence the ignorance of foolish people. 1Pet.2.12 — Keep your conduct among the Gentiles honorable, so that when they speak against you as wrongdoers, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day of visitation.
- ↩Prov.12.14;Heb.13.15 — From the fruit of a man's mouth he is satisfied with good, and the work of a man's hands will be repaid to him. Heb.13.15 — Through him, then, let us continually offer a sacrifice of praise to God—that is, the fruit of lips that confess his name.
Notes
- 1 ↩Source 'Those' / 'these' points back to the previous section's contrast (crowns and kingdoms vs. credit, reputation, and honor). 'Period with my life' is rendered as 'end with my life.' Archaic 'imbalming' is modernized to 'embalming.'
- 2 ↩Early Modern 'I never found but X' is rendered as the affirmative 'I've always found that X' (pity exceeded anger). 'then' is period spelling for 'than'. 'religious Rebellion' is kept as the source's deliberate paradox: rebellion clothed in religion.
- 3 ↩Charity is kept as the theological virtue/disposition of charitable interpretation, not reduced to mere kindness or almsgiving.
- 4 ↩Early modern 'as… so…' after 'so far… accepted' is rendered as a correlative: just as God has preserved him, so through affliction he has prepared him for better service.
- 5 ↩Source 'loyall injuries' is an intentional paradox: wrongs done from (misguided) loyalty, not treachery. Rendered as 'injuries they did me out of loyalty' to keep that force clear.
- 6 ↩Source 'ambitious' is positive zeal, not self-seeking ambition; 'Princely merits' means kingly good deeds/deserts by which he would win them back.
- 7 ↩Period spellings normalized in sense only: sence→sense; then→than (comparative).
- 8 ↩Early modern 'seduction' here means being misled by the 'seducers' of the preceding section, not romantic seduction; rendered as 'being led astray'.
- 9 ↩Rendered as 'atone for or offset': Early Modern 'countervail' means balance/make up for; 'expiate' keeps the sense of making amends for the wrong way of gaining dominion.
- 10 ↩Source 'then' is early-modern 'than' (comparison). 'Ague' rendered as ordinary fever for contemporary clarity; the disease contrast with plague is preserved.
- 11 ↩Source 'community of relations' rendered as 'shared bonds of relation' (common ties of duty/relationship), not modern social 'community'.
- 12 ↩Source 'Oglio' (Italian-derived olio: a mixed stew/hodgepodge) and 'medly' modernized as 'hodgepodge or medley' to keep the culinary-mixture force without archaic form.
- 13 ↩Source 'then' is the early-modern spelling of 'than'; 'exigents' rendered as 'emergencies' (pressing crises/exigencies); 'any his Subjects' modernized as 'any of his subjects'.
- 14 ↩Source 'Papists' is the period Protestant polemic term for Roman Catholics; rendered as 'Catholics' for modern readability while keeping the confessional contrast. 'Protestant Professors' means those who profess Protestantism, not academic teachers.
- 15 ↩Early modern 'pleading' here is taken as 'affording a plea / useful as an argument,' not modern 'imploring.' Rendered as 'a very handy plea.'
- 16 ↩Early modern 'drench' means a liquid medicine forced down an animal's throat; the metaphor contrasts compulsory pouring with a voluntary, leisurely drink ('draught').
- 17 ↩Early modern wildred (from to wilder) means led astray / made to lose their way / bewildered; rendered as 'bewildered' to preserve both confusion and misdirection of Church and State.
- 18 ↩Source 'pretended Persecutions' retains early-modern force of professed/claimed sufferings (not necessarily proven false); rendered as 'claimed' to preserve that range without forcing a charge of fabrication.
- 19 ↩Source 'then' is the early-modern spelling of comparative 'than' in 'rather not be relieved, then be revenged'.
- 20 ↩Source 'ferall Birds' is early modern feral (Lat. feralis): funereal/deathly or ill-omened, not merely 'wild'; rendered 'deathly birds' to keep the night-creature metaphor.
- 21 ↩Source 'traditions of true glory and majestie' rendered as derivation/handing-down ('come') rather than ecclesiastical custom; Early Modern 'traditions' here means what is transmitted from God.
- 22 ↩Source spelling renued normalized to renewed; Rabshekah rendered as the standard modern biblical form Rabshakeh.
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