Prólogo galeato. I. De otros ejemplos que declaran el fruto de la buena lección
The Exemplar of King Josiah
The story of King Josiah serves as a powerful testament to the transformative power of reading and obeying the law of God.
But above all the examples that can be brought forward to show the fruit of sound teaching, the story of the most holy king Josiah deserves to be remembered forever; and it seemed right to me to insert it here just as it is written in the books of Kings. This good king began his reign at eight years old, finding the kingdom ruined by the faults of his father Amon and his grandfather Manasseh, who were utterly corrupt men and shed the blood of prophets. But in the twelfth year of his reign the book of the law of God was sent to him by order of the high priest Hilkiah, who had found it in the Temple; and it not only contained what God commanded, but also the great rewards he promised to those who faithfully kept his law, and the terrible and fearful punishments and calamities that threatened those who broke it.1 When this book was read in the king's presence, the fear and dread that fell on him were so great that he tore his clothes. He sent the high priest and other leading men to a holy woman, a prophetess living in Jerusalem, so she would pray to God for them and learn his decision and will regarding what the book contained. She answered them: "This is what the Lord says: I will send upon this place and everyone living in it every plague written in that book read before the king, because they abandoned me and sacrificed to foreign gods." And to the king who sent you to me to plead with God in this need, you are to say: "Because you heard the words of that book and your heart was softened, and you humbled yourself before me, and with the fear and reverence you felt toward me you tore your clothes and shed tears, I have heard your prayer. I will gather you to your fathers, and you will be buried in peace in your tomb; your eyes will not see the plagues and calamities with which I am going to punish this place and those who live in it."2 The messengers gave this answer to the king, who then ordered all the leading men of the kingdom to be summoned, along with all the priests, Levites, and the people, from the least to the greatest, and he had the book read before them all. And he, together with them, offered themselves to the service and worship of God; and on this the king required an oath from them all. And, not content with this, he cleansed the land of countless abominations that in3 it held, tearing down all the altars of the idols, digging up the bones of the priests who sacrificed to them, and burning them on those same altars.4 This king was so holy that, as Scripture says, there was no one greater either before or after him.✦ So what stronger argument could you bring to show the fruit of good teaching than this one, from which so many and such wonderful fruits followed? And who would be such an enemy to themselves that, seeing these results, they wouldn't spend a little time reading books of sound, Catholic doctrine to enjoy such great benefits?
The Restoration of the People
The prophet Baruch and Ezra demonstrate how the public reading of Scripture restores the hearts of the people and rebuilds the community of faith.
Many other examples join this memorable one. When the prophet Baruch wanted to move the people who had been taken captive to Babylon toward penitence, he used this same method: he gathered all the captives in one place and read them a portion of this teaching. That reading, divine Scripture says, made them weep, and pray, and fast, and do penance for their sins; and pool their alms in common and send them to Jerusalem to offer sacrifices in the Temple for their sins; and with those alms they also sent the book that had been read to them, so that the people there might read it too, believing that this reading would work in those who read it what it had worked in them. So then, once this captivity was over after seventy years, how did they begin to rebuild the city, the Temple, and their religion, if not through this same reading of God's law? It is written in the book of Ezra that in the seventh month, the whole people gathered from their cities to Jerusalem with one soul and one heart.5 And once they had assembled in a great square, Ezra read for seven days straight, clearly and distinctly, the book of God's law and commandments; and the people shed many tears as this was being read. On the twenty-fourth day of that month, they resumed their reading four times a day, and during those same times, they also prayed and praised God. And by these two practices they were moved to penance, renewed the religion that had fallen, and with their hearts carried out one of the greatest feats ever done in the world: they sent away the foreign wives they had married, so that God's people would not remain mixed with the line of the Gentiles.6
The Power and Sweetness of the Word
The word of God is a living instrument that heals, enlightens, and provides profound sweetness to the soul that meditates upon it.
Ultimately, the word of God accomplishes everything and can do everything, just as God himself can, because it is his instrument; therefore, it's reasonable that all the effects of the primary cause are attributed to it in its own way. And so the word of God raises the dead, regenerates the living, heals the sick, keeps the healthy, enlightens the blind, kindles the lukewarm, satisfies the hungry, strengthens the weak, and encourages the distrustful. Finally, it is that heavenly manna that contained the flavors of every food; for there is no taste or affection a soul may long for that it won't find in the words of God. With them, the sorrowful are comforted, the undevout are kindled, the afflicted are gladdened, the hard-hearted are moved to penitence, and those already soft melt even more. The prophet explained many of these effects in a few words when he said: The law of the Lord is clean and without stain; it converts souls. The testimony of the Lord is faithful and true; it gives wisdom to little ones.✦ The judgments of the Lord are right; they gladden hearts. The commandment of the Lord is clear and radiant, and it lights the eyes of the soul.✦7 The fear of the Lord remains holy forever and ever, and the judgments of God (which are the decrees of his laws) are true and justified in themselves; they are more to be desired than gold and precious stones, and sweeter than honeycomb and honey.✦ In these words, the Prophet explained many effects and virtues of the law and of the words of God; and at the end, he declared not only their worth and dignity, but also the great sweetness that the devout and pure soul receives from them.8 He says of this in another psalm: How sweet your words are, Lord, to the palate of my soul!✦ They are sweeter to me than honey.✦ And, not content with these praises, he also declares in the same psalm the love, the study, the light, and the wisdom that those who train themselves in this divine lesson attain, saying: How in love I am with your law, Lord!✦9 I spend the whole day meditating on it.✦ It made me more prudent✦10 than all my enemies; it made me wiser than all my teachers because I was always occupied with studying and considering it; it made me more discerning than the experienced elders because I was occupied with keeping it.✦11
Read the original Latin
Mas, sobre todos estos ejemplos que se pueden traer para declarar el fruto de la buena doctrina, es digno de perpetua recordación el del santísimo rey Josías; el cual me pareció enjerir aquí de la manera que está escrito en los libros de los Reyes. Pues este buen rey comenzó a reinar de edad de ocho años, hallando el reino perdido por culpa de su padre Amón y de su abuelo Manasés, que fueron perversísimos hombres y derramadores de sangre de profetas. Mas a los doce años de su reinado le fue enviado por mandado del sumo sacerdote Helquías el libro de la ley de Dios, que halló en el Templo; el cual no sólo contenía lo que Dios mandaba, sino también los grandes galardones que prometía a los fieles guardadores de su ley, y los terribles y espantosos castigos y calamidades que amenazaban a los quebrantadores della. Pues, como este libro se leyese en presencia del rey, fue tan grande el temor y el espanto que cayó sobre él, que rasgó sus vestiduras, y envió al sumo sacerdote susodicho, con otros hombres principales, a una santa mujer profetisa que moraba en Jerusalén, para que hiciese oración a Dios por ellos, y supiese su determinación y voluntad acerca de lo contenido en aquel libro. La cual les respondió desta manera: Esto dice el Señor: «Yo enviaré sobre este lugar y sobre todos los moradores dél todas las plagas contenidas en ese libro que se leyó delante del rey; porque ellos me desampararon y sacrificaron a dioses ajenos». Y, al rey que os envió a mí para que rogase a Dios por esta necesidad, diréis: «Por cuanto oíste las palabras dese libro y se enterneció tu corazón con ellas, y te humillaste delante de mi acatamiento, y con el temor y reverencia que de mí concebiste rasgaste tus vestiduras y derramaste lágrimas delante de mí, yo también oí tu oración, y recogerte he con tus padres, y serás sepultado pacíficamente en tu sepulcro, y no verán tus ojos las plagas y calamidades con que yo tengo de castigar este lugar con los moradores dél». Dieron, pues, los embajadores esta respuesta al rey, el cual mandó convocar todos los hombres principales del reino, con todos los sacerdotes y levitas, y con todo el pueblo, dende el menor hasta el mayor, y mandó leer aquel libro delante de todos. Y él, juntamente con ellos, se ofrecieron al servicio y culto de Dios; sobre lo cual el rey pidió juramento a todos.
Y, no contento con esto, limpió la tierra de infinitas abominaciones que en
X ella había, derribando todos los altares de los ídolos, y desenterrando los huesos de los sacerdotes que les sacrificaban y quemándolos sobre sus altares. Y este rey fue tan santo, que, según dice la Escritura, ni antes ni después dél hubo otro mayor. Pues ¿qué más grave argumento se puede traer para declarar el fruto de la buena doctrina, que este, del cual tantos y tan admirables frutos se siguieron? Y ¿qué persona habrá tan enemiga de sí misma que, viendo tales frutos, no se ofrezca a gastar un pedazo de tiempo en leer libros de católica y sana doctrina, para gozar de tan grandes bienes?
Pues con este memorable ejemplo se juntan otros muchos. Porque, cuando el profeta Baruc quiso provocar a penitencia al pueblo que fue llevado cautivo a Babilonia, deste mismo medio se aprovechó, juntando en un lugar todos los cautivos y leyéndoles un pedazo desta doctrina. La cual lección, dice la Escritura divina que les hizo llorar, y orar, y ayunar, y hacer penitencia de sus pecados; y juntar todos en común sus limosnas y enviarlas a Jerusalén para ofrecer sacrificios en el Templo por sus pecados; con las cuales también enviaron el libro que se les había leído, para que también ellos le leyesen, creyendo que aquella lectura obraría en aquellos que la leyesen lo que en ellos había obrado.
Pues, acabado este cautiverio, después de los setenta años, ¿con qué se comenzó a fundar otra vez la ciudad, el Templo y la religión, sino con esta misma lección de la ley de Dios? Y así se escribe en el libro de Esdras que en el séptimo mes concurrió todo el pueblo, de sus ciudades a Jerusalén, con un ánima y un corazón. Y, ayuntados en una grande plaza, leyó Esdras siete días arreo clara y distintamente el libro de la ley y mandamientos de Dios; y el pueblo derramaba muchas lágrimas cuando esto se leía. Y a los veinticuatro días de aquel mes tornaron a continuar su lección cuatro veces al día; en los cuales también oraban y loaban a Dios. Y con estos dos ejercicios se movieron a penitencia, y renovaron la religión que estaba caída, y acabaron con sus corazones una de las mayores hazañas que se hicieron en el mundo, que fue despedir las mujeres extranjeras con que se habían casado, para que no quedase el pueblo de Dios mezclado con el linaje de los gentiles.
Finalmente, la palabra de Dios todas las cosas obra y puede, como el mismo Dios, pues es instrumento suyo; y así con mucha razón se le atribuyen en su manera todos los efectos de la causa principal. Y así la palabra de Dios resucita los muertos, reengendra los vivos, cura los enfermos, conserva los sanos, alumbra los ciegos, enciende los tibios, harta los hambrientos, esfuerza los flacos y anima los desconfiados. Finalmente, ella es aquel maná celestial que tenía los sabores de todos los manjares; porque no hay gusto ni afecto que un ánima desee tener, que no le halle en las palabras de Dios. Con ellas se consuela el triste, y se enciende el indevoto, y se alegra el atribulado, y se mueve a penitencia el duro, y se derrite más el que está blando. Muchos destos efectos explicó en pocas palabras el profeta, cuando dijo: La ley del Señor es limpia y sin mácula, la cual convierte las ánimas; el testimonio del Señor es fiel y verdadero, el cual da sabiduría a los pequeñuelos. Las justicias del Señor son derechas, las cuales alegran los corazones; el mandamiento del Señor es claro y resplandeciente, y alumbra los ojos del ánima. El temor del Señor permanece santo en los siglos de los siglos, y los juicios de Dios (que son los decretos de sus leyes) son verdaderos y justificados en sí mismos; los cuales son más para desear que el oro y las piedras preciosas, y más dulces que el panal y la miel. En la cuales palabras el Profeta explicó muchos efectos y virtudes de la ley y de las palabras de Dios; y en cabo declaró, no sólo el precio y dignidad dellas, sino también la grande suavidad que el ánima religiosa y pura recibe con ellas.
De lo cual dice en otro salmo: ¡Cuán dulces son, Señor, para el paladar de mi ánima vuestras palabras! Más dulces son para mí, que la miel. Y, no contento con estas alabanzas, declara también en el mismo salmo el amor, el estudio, la luz y sabiduría que alcanzan los que en esta divina lección se ejercitan, diciendo así: ¡Cuán enamorado estoy, Señor, de vuestra ley! Todo el día se me pasa en meditar en ella. Ella me hizo más prudente
XI que todos mis enemigos; ella me hizo más sabio que todos mis maestros, por estar yo siempre ocupado en el estudio y consideración della; ella me hizo más discreto que los viejos experimentados, por estar yo ocupado en guardalla.
Scripture echoes
- ↩2Kgs.23.25 — And before him there had been no king like him, who turned to the LORD with all his heart and with all his soul and with all his might, according to all the law of Moses; and after him none arose like him.
- ↩Ps.19.7-Ps.19.8 — From the end of the heavens is his going forth, and his circuit to their ends, and nothing is hidden from his heat. Ps.19.8 — The instruction of the LORD is perfect, restoring the soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple.
- ↩Ps.19.8-Ps.19.9 — The instruction of the LORD is perfect, restoring the soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. Ps.19.9 — The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, giving light to the eyes.
- ↩Ps.19.9-Ps.19.10 — The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, giving light to the eyes. Ps.19.10 — The fear of the LORD is pure, standing forever; the judgments of the LORD are true, righteous altogether.
- ↩Ps.119.103 — How sweet are your words to my palate, more than honey to my mouth!
- ↩Ps.119.103 — How sweet are your words to my palate, more than honey to my mouth!
- ↩Ps.119.97 — Oh how I love your law! It is my meditation all the day.
- ↩Ps.119.97 — Oh how I love your law! It is my meditation all the day.
- ↩Ps.119.98-Ps.119.100 — Your commandments make me wiser than my enemies, for they are mine forever. Ps.119.99 — I have more understanding than all my teachers, for your testimonies are my meditation. Ps.119.100 — I understand more than the elders, because I have kept your precepts.
- ↩Ps.119.98-Ps.119.100 — Your commandments make me wiser than my enemies, for they are mine forever. Ps.119.99 — I have more understanding than all my teachers, for your testimonies are my meditation. Ps.119.100 — I understand more than the elders, because I have kept your precepts.
Notes
- 1 ↩The Spanish dates the sending of the book to the twelfth year of Josiah's reign; the biblical narratives place the Temple discovery more typically in his eighteenth year (2 Kgs 22:3), while the twelfth year is associated with his purge (2 Chr 34:3). Translated as the source states.
- 2 ↩Old Spanish 'recogerte he' = modern 'te recogeré' (I will gather you); rendered in the biblical idiom 'gather you to your fathers.'
- 3 ↩Source sentence is truncated mid-clause at «que en». Neighboring next section (OracMed.1.2.3.s1) likely continues the thought («…que en ella había…»), but that completion is not present in this section and was not invented here.
- 4 ↩Source begins "X ella había," which continues the previous section's "que en…"; reading taken as "que en ella había" ("that were in it/the land"). Leading "X" treated as corruption, not part of the sense.
- 5 ↩Spanish 'libro de Esdras' names the biblical book; the scene that follows is the Nehemiah 8 assembly, often treated under Esdras/Ezra in older Catholic book-naming. Rendered as 'Ezra' for contemporary English.
- 6 ↩'acabaron con sus corazones una de las mayores hazañas' is taken as 'accomplished/carried through with their hearts,' not as modern Spanish 'acabar con' = destroy.
- 7 ↩Spanish justicias (Psalmic) rendered as judgments, matching the traditional sense of God's righteous decrees/ordinances rather than courtroom justice alone.
- 8 ↩Source En la cuales read as En las cuales (In which words); gender/number agreement repaired in translation without changing sense.
- 9 ↩lección here is spiritual reading/lesson of Scripture, not a classroom lesson; rendered as 'divine lesson' to keep Granada's formative sense.
- 10 ↩Sentence is intentionally incomplete at the section break; the comparison continues in OracMed.1.2.8.
- 11 ↩Source opens with 'XI' before 'que todos mis enemigos'. Read as a likely stray numeral or print artifact; the sense continues the prior clause ('Ella me hizo más prudente…') as 'than all my enemies…'.
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