SR
Chapter 12OracMed.1.12

El jueves por la mañana

The Crowning with Thorns

The meditator contemplates the mockery and physical agony of Christ's crowning with thorns, recognizing his own sins as the true cause of the Savior's suffering.

Today, meditate on the crowning with thorns, the Ecce homo, and how the Savior carried the cross on his shoulders. The text of the evangelists reads as follows: Then—it is well to know—after they had scourged the Lord, the soldiers of the governor, receiving Jesus into the Audience Hall.12 Reflect on these steps of the text. I. The crowning with thorns. Go out, daughters of Zion, and look at King Solomon with the crown his mother crowned him with on the day of his wedding and on the day of the joy of his heart. My soul, what are you doing? My heart, what are you thinking? My tongue, how have you fallen silent? What heart does not burst, what hardness is not softened, what eyes can hold back tears, with such a figure before them? O my sweetest Savior, when I open my eyes and look at this so painful scene set before me here, how does my heart not break with sorrow?3 I see that most delicate head, before whom the powers of heaven tremble, pierced through with cruel thorns. If your death alone was enough to redeem us, why so many trials?4 Why so many inventions and forms of insult? Who has ever heard or read of such a crown, or such a torment? From what depths did this new invention come into the world—one that would so serve to dishonor a man that it would torment him no less than it shamed him? Aren't the torments used through all the ages past enough, that new ones have to be invented in your Passion? I see clearly, my Lord, that these insults were not necessary for my remedy; a single drop of your Blood would have been enough for that. But they were most fitting so that you might show me the greatness of your love, so that you might cast on me chains of perpetual obligation, so that you might put to shame the finery and adornments of my vanity, and so that you might teach me, by this, contempt for the world's glory. So then, my soul, so that you may feel something of this so painful stage, first set before your eyes the former image of this Lord and the excellence of his virtues; then turn back and look at him as he is here. Look at the greatness of his beauty, the composure of his eyes, the sweetness of his words, his authority, his gentleness, his serenity, and his bearing, so full of reverence.5 Look at him: so humble toward his disciples, so gentle toward his enemies, so great toward the proud, so mild toward the lowly, and so merciful toward all. Consider how meek he has always been in suffering, how wise in answering, how compassionate in judging, how merciful in receiving, and how generous in forgiving.6 And once you've looked at him that way and delighted in seeing so perfect a figure, turn your eyes and look at him as you see him here: covered in that mocking purple, the reed for a royal scepter in his hand, and that horrible diadem on his head; and those deathly eyes, and that lifeless face, and that whole form, all blotted out with blood and made ugly by the spit spread over his entire face. Look at him entirely, inside and out: his heart pierced with sorrows, his body full of wounds, abandoned by his disciples, persecuted by the Jews, mocked by the soldiers, and despised by the high priests; cast off by the wicked king, unjustly accused, and left without any human favor.7 Don't think of this as something in the past, but as happening now—not as someone else's pain, but as your own. Put yourself in the place of the one who is suffering, and consider how you would feel if, in a part as sensitive as your head, someone drove many sharp thorns into you that pierced all the way to the bone. And why do I even mention thorns? Even a single pinprick would be almost more than you could bear.8 So what would that most delicate head feel under such torment? So then, O radiance of the Father's glory, who has mistreated you? O spotless mirror of the majesty of God, who has so thoroughly stained you? O river that flows out from the paradise of delights and with your streams gladden the city of God, who has muddied these waters so clear and so sweet? My sins, my Lord, have muddied them; my evils have darkened them.9 Woe to me, poor and wretched! Woe to me! And what state must my sins have left my soul in, when other people's sins left the clear fountain of all beauty like this?10 My sins, Lord, are the thorns that pierce you; my follies, the purple that mocks you; my hypocrisies and pretenses, the ceremonies with which they despise you; and my finery and vanities, the crown with which they crown you. I am your executioner; I am the cause of your pain. King Hezekiah cleansed the Temple of God, which the wicked had profaned, and ordered all the refuse in it to be thrown into the brook of Cedron.11 I am that living temple, profaned by demons and fouled with countless sins, and you are the pure river of Cedron that sustains all the beauty of heaven with your currents. So all my sins are thrown away there; there my wickedness vanishes. For by the merit of that unspeakable charity and humility with which you stooped to take all my evils upon yourself, you not only freed me from them, but also made me a partaker of your goods.12 For you took my death: you gave me your life. For you took my flesh: you gave me your Spirit. For you took my sins upon yourself: you gave me your grace. So, my Redeemer, all your sufferings are my treasures and riches: your purple clothes me, your crown honors me, your bruises beautify me, your pains delight me, your bitterness sustains me, your wounds heal me, your blood enriches me, and your love intoxicates me.13 Is it any wonder that your love intoxicates me, since the love you had for me was enough to intoxicate you and leave you like another Noah, so shamed and naked? With the burning purple of this love you bear this purple of mockery; and with zeal for my good, that reed in your hand; and with compassion for my ruin, that crown of shame.1415

Ecce Homo: Behold the Man

Reflecting on Pilate's presentation of the disfigured Jesus, the soul is called to compassion and repentance by witnessing the severity of divine justice against sin.

II. On the Ecce Homo When the crowning and mockery of the Savior were finished, the judge took him by the hand, just as he was—so badly mistreated—and leading him out before the furious crowd, said to them: Ecce homo. It was as if he were saying: "If envy made you seek his death, look at him now—he isn't someone to envy, but someone to pity." You feared he would make himself king; look at him now, so disfigured that he barely looks like a man. What do you fear from these bound hands? What more do you demand of this scourged man?" From this you can understand, my soul, what the Savior must have looked like then, since the judge believed the sight of him as he stood there was enough to break the hearts of such enemies. In this you can clearly see how wrong it is for a Christian to have no compassion for Christ's sufferings, since they were such that, as the judge believed, they were enough to soften hearts so fierce. Where there is love, there is pain.16 So how can anyone claim to love Christ if they have no compassion for him when they see him in this condition? And if it's such a great evil not to have compassion on Christ, what will it be to increase his torments and add pain to his pain? There could be no greater cruelty in the world than this: after the judge showed them that sight of him, his enemies answered with those cruel words: "Crucify him, crucify him." So if this cruelty was so great, what will that of a Christian be who says as much by his deeds, even if he doesn't say it in words? Doesn't St. Paul say that the one who sins crucifies the Son of God all over again, since, as far as it depends on him, he does something that would force Christ to die again if the death already suffered weren't enough? So how do you have the heart and the hands to crucify the Lord so many times this way? You ought to consider that just as the judge presented that so pitiful sight to the Jews, believing there was no more effective way to turn them from their rage than that sight, so the eternal Father presents it today to all sinners, knowing that, in truth, there is no more powerful means to turn them from sin than to set such a figure before them. So now imagine that he is setting it before you as well and saying to you: "Ecce homo."17 It is as if he were saying: "Look at this man, see how he is, and remember that he is God, and that he is as you see him here for no other reason than the sins of the world."18 Consider what it took to make satisfaction for sin. Consider how abhorrent sin is to God, since it left his Son's face looking like this in order to destroy it.19 Consider the vengeance God will take on the sinner for his own sins, since he took such vengeance on the Son for the sins of others. Finally, consider the severity of divine justice and the malice of sin, which shine so terrifyingly in the face of Christ.20 So what more could be done to make people fear God and hate sin?

The Way of the Cross

The meditation concludes with Christ bearing the cross, interpreted through the typology of Isaac and the reconciliation of divine justice and mercy.

III. How the Savior carried the cross on His shoulders. So when Pilate saw that the punishments already inflicted on that holy Lamb were not enough to calm his enemies' fury, he went into the Praetorium and sat down on his judgment seat to give the final sentence in that case.21 The cross was already prepared at the gates, and that fearsome banner was rising into view on high, threatening the Savior's head. Once the cruel sentence was handed down, his enemies piled one cruelty on another: they laid the timber of the cross on those shoulders, already bruised and torn from the scourging. Even so, the merciful Lord didn't refuse this burden, on which all our sins were laid; instead, he embraced it with the greatest charity and obedience for love of us, making his way like another true Isaac, with the wood on his shoulders, to the place of sacrifice.22 With the burden divided between them, the Son carries the wood and the body to be sacrificed, while the Father carries the fire and the knife with which he is to sacrifice him. For the fire of love for humankind and the knife of divine justice put the Son of God on the cross. These two virtues pleaded their case in the Father's breast, each claiming its right: love argued he should pardon human beings, and justice, that he should punish sinners. So, in order that human beings might be forgiven and sins punished, a way was found: that the innocent one should die for all.23 This is the fire and the knife that the patriarch Abraham carried in his hands to sacrifice his son, because love for our salvation and zeal for justice made the eternal Father offer his Son to the cross.

Read the original Latin

Este día se ha de pensar la coronación de espinas, y el Ecce homo, y cómo el Salvador llevó la cruz a cuestas.

El texto de los evangelistas dice así: Entonces, conviene saber: después de haber azotado al Señor, los soldados del presidente, recibiendo a Jesús en la Audiencia.

Meditación sobre estos pasos del texto.

I. La coronación de espinas

Salid, hijas de Sión, y mirad al rey Salomón con la corona que le coronó su madre en el día de su desposorio y en el día de la alegría de su corazón. Anima mía, ¿qué haces? Corazón mío, ¿qué piensas? Lengua mía, ¿cómo has enmudecido? ¿Cuál corazón no revienta, cuál dureza no se ablanda, qué ojos se pueden contener de lágrimas, teniendo delante de sí tal figura? Oh dulcísimo Salvador mío, cuando yo abro los ojos y miro este retablo tan doloroso que aquí se me pone delante, ¿cómo no se me parte el corazón de dolor? Veo esa delicadísima cabeza, de quien tiemblan los poderosos del cielo, traspasada con crueles espinas. Si sola tu muerte bastaba para redimirnos, ¿para qué tantos ensayos?

, ¿para qué tantas invenciones y maneras de vituperios? ¿Quién jamás oyó ni leyó tal manera de corona, y tal linaje de tormento? ¿De qué entrañas salió esta nueva invención al mundo, que de tal manera sirviese para deshonrar un hombre, que no menos le atormentase, que deshonrase? ¿No bastan los tormentos que se han usado en todos los siglos pasados, sino que se han de inventar otros nuevos en tu pasión? Bien veo, Señor mío, que no eran estas injurias necesarias para mi remedio; bastaba para esto una sola gota de tu Sangre. Mas eran convenientísimas para que me declarases la grandeza de tu amor, y para que me echases cadenas de perpetua obligación, y para que confundieses los atavíos y galas de mi vanidad y me enseñases, por aquí, el menosprecio de la gloria del mundo.

Pues, para que sientas algo, ánima mía, deste paso tan doloroso, pon primero ante tus ojos la imagen antigua deste Señor, y la excelencia de sus virtudes; y luego vuelve a mirarlo de la manera que está aquí. Mira la grandeza de su hermosura, la mesura de sus ojos, la dulzura de sus palabras, su autoridad, su mansedumbre, su serenidad y aquel aspecto suyo de tanta veneración. Míralo tan humilde para con sus discípulos, tan blando para con sus enemigos, tan grande para con los soberbios, tan suave para con los humildes y tan misericordioso para con todos. Considera cuán manso haya sido siempre en el sufrir, cuán sabio en el responder, cuán piadoso en el juzgar, cuán misericordioso en el recibir y cuán largo en el perdonar.

Y después que así lo hubieres mirado y deleitádote de ver una tan acabada figura, vuelve los ojos a mirarle tal cual aquí lo ves, cubierto con aquella púrpura de escarnio, la caña por cetro real en la mano y aquella horrible diadema en la cabeza; y aquellos ojos mortales, y aquel rostro difunto, y aquella figura, toda borrada con la sangre y afeada con las salivas que por todo el rostro estaban tendidas. Míralo todo, dentro y fuera: el corazón atravesado con dolores, el cuerpo lleno de llagas, desamparado de sus discípulos, perseguido de los judíos escarnecido de los soldados y despreciado de los Pontífices; desechado del rey inicuo, acusado injustamente y desamparado de todo favor humano.

Y no pienses esto como cosa ya pasada, sino como presente; no como dolor ajeno, sino como tuyo propio. A ti mismo te pon en lugar del que padece, y mira lo que sentirías si en una parte tan sensible como es la cabeza te hincasen muchas y agudas espinas que te penetrasen hasta los huesos. ¿Y qué digo espinas? Una sola punzada de un alfiler que fuese, apenas lo podrías sufrir. ¿Pues qué sentiría aquella delicadísima cabeza con este linaje de tormento?

Pues, oh resplandor de la gloria del Padre, ¿quién te ha maltratado? Oh espejo sin mancilla de la majestad de Dios, ¿quién te ha todo manchado? Oh río, que sales del paraíso de los deleites y alegras con tus corrientes la ciudad de Dios, ¿quién ha enturbiado estas tan serenas y tan dulces aguas? Mis pecados, Señor mío, las han enturbiado, mis maldades las han escurecido. ¡Ay de mí, pobre y miserable! , ¡ay de mí! ¿Y qué tal habrán parado mis pecados a mi ánima, cuando tal pararon los ajenos la fuente clara de toda la hermosura? Mis pecados son, Señor, las espinas que te punzan; mis locuras, la púrpura que te escarnece; mis hipocresías y fingimientos, las ceremonias con que te desprecian; y mis atavíos y vanidades, la corona con que te coronan.

Yo soy tu verdugo, yo soy la causa de tu dolor. Limpió el rey Ezequiel el Templo de Dios, que estaba por los malos profanado, y toda la basura que en él había mandó echar en el arroyo de los Cedros. Yo soy ese templo vivo, por los demonios profanado y ensuciado con infinitos pecados, y tú eres el río limpio de los Cedros que sustentas con tus corrientes toda la hermosura del cielo. Pues ahí son lanzados todos mis pecados, ahí desaparecen mis maldades. Porque, por el mérito desta inefable caridad y humildad con que te inclinaste a tomar sobre ti todos mis males, no sólo me libraste dellos, mas también me hiciste participante de tus bienes. Porque tomaste mi muerte: me diste tu vida. Porque tomaste mi carne: me diste tu espíritu. Porque tomaste sobre ti mis pecados: me diste tu gracia.

Así que, Redentor mío, todas las penas tuyas son tesoros y riquezas mías: tu púrpura me viste, tu corona me honra, tus cardenales me hermosean, tus dolores me regalan, tus amarguras me sustentan, tus llagas me sanan, tu sangre me enriquece y tu amor me embriaga. ¿Qué mucho es que tu amor me embriague, pues el amor que tú me tuviste bastó para embriagarte y dejarte como a otro Noé, tan avergonzado y desnudo? Con la púrpura encendida deste amor sostienes esta púrpura de escarnio; y con el celo de mi aprovechamiento, esa caña en la mano; y con la compasión de mi perdimiento, esa corona de confusión.

II. Del Ecce homo

Acabada la coronación y escarnio del Salvador, tomole el juez por la mano, así como estaba, tan maltratado, y sacándole a la vista del pueblo furioso, díjoles: Ecce homo. Como si dijera: «Si por envidia procurábades la muerte, veislo aquí tal, que no está para tenerle envidia, sino lástima. Temíades no se hiciese rey: veislo aquí tan desfigurado, que apenas parece hombre. Destas manos atadas, ¿qué teméis? A este hombre azotado, ¿qué más le demandáis?»

Por aquí puedes entender, ánima mía, qué tal saldría entonces el Salvador, pues el juez creyó que bastaba la figura que allí traía, para quebrar el corazón de tales enemigos. En lo cual puedes bien entender cuán mal caso sea no tener un cristiano compasión de los dolores de Cristo, pues ellos eran tales, que bastaban, según el juez creyó, para ablandar unos tan fieros corazones. Donde hay amor hay dolor. ¿Pues cómo dice que tiene amor de Cristo quien no tiene compasión de Cristo, viéndole en esta figura?

Y, si tan gran mal es no compadecerse de Cristo, ¿qué será acrecentar sus martirios y añadir dolor a su dolor? No pudo ser crueldad mayor en el mundo, que, después de mostrada por el juez tal figura, responder los enemigos aquella tan cruel palabra: Crucifícalo, crucifícalo. Pues, si tan grande fue esta crueldad, ¿cuál será la de un cristiano que con las obras dice otro tanto, ya que con las palabras no lo diga? ¿No dice san Pablo que el que peca vuelve otra vez a crucificar al Hijo de Dios, pues, cuanto es de su parte, hace cosa con que le obligaría otra vez a morir, si la muerte pasada no bastara? Pues ¿cómo tienes tú corazón y manos para crucificar tantas veces al Señor desta manera? Deberías considerar que así como el juez presentó aquella figura tan lastimera a los judíos, creyendo que no había otro medio más eficaz para apartarlos de su furor, que aquella vista, así el Padre eterno la representa hoy a todos los pecadores, entendiendo que, a la verdad, no hay otro medio más poderoso para apartarlos del pecado, que ponerles delante tal figura. Haz, pues, ahora cuenta que te la pone él también a ti delante y te está diciendo: Ecce homo. Como si dijese: «Mira este hombre cuál está, y acuérdate que es Dios, y que está de la manera que aquí lo ves, no por otra causa, sino por los pecados del mundo.

Mira qué fue menester para satisfacer por el pecado. Mira cuán aborrecible es a Dios el pecado, pues tal paró la cara de su Hijo por destruirlo. Mira la venganza que tomará Dios del pecador por sus pecados propios, pues tal la tomó del Hijo por los ajenos. Mira, finalmente, el rigor de la divina justicia y la malicia del pecado, la cual tan espantosamente resplandece en la cara de Cristo». Pues ¿qué más se pudiera hacer para que los hombres temiesen a Dios y aborreciesen el pecado?

III. De cómo el Salvador llevó la cruz a cuestas

Pues, como Pilato viese que no bastaban las justicias que se habían hecho en aquel santo Cordero para amansar el furor de sus enemigos, entró en el Pretorio y asentose en su tribunal para dar final sentencia en aquella causa. Estaba ya a las puertas aparejada la cruz y asomaba por lo alto aquella temerosa bandera, amenazando a la cabeza del Salvador. Dada, pues, ya, y promulgada la sentencia cruel, añaden los enemigos una crueldad a otra, que fue cargar sobre aquellas espaldas, tan molidas y despedazadas con los azotes, el madero de la cruz. No rehusó, con todo esto, el piadoso Señor esta carga, en la cual iban todos nuestros pecados, sino antes la abrazó con suma caridad y obediencia por nuestro amor, y así camina su camino como otro verdadero Isaac con la leña en los hombros al lugar del sacrificio. Repartida ya la carga entre los dos, el Hijo lleva la leña y el cuerpo que ha de ser sacrificado, y el Padre lleva el fuego y el cuchillo con que lo ha de sacrificar. Porque el fuego del amor a los hombres y el cuchillo de la divina justicia pusieron en la cruz al Hijo de Dios. Estas dos virtudes litigaron en el pecho del Padre, pidiendo cada una su derecho: el amor decía que perdonase a los hombres, y la justicia, que castigase a los pecadores. Pues, porque los hombres quedasen perdonados y los pecados castigados, diose por medio que muriese el inocente por todos.

Este es el fuego y el cuchillo que llevaba en sus manos el patriarca Abrahán para sacrificar a su hijo, porque el amor de nuestra salud y el celo de la justicia hicieron al Padre eterno ofrecer su Hijo a la cruz.

Scripture echoes

  1. Matt.27.29;Mark.15.17;John.19.2And they twisted together a crown of thorns and placed it on his head, and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, 'Hail, King of the Jews!' Mark.15.17 — And they clothed him in purple, and after twisting together a crown of thorns, they placed it on him. John.19.2 — And the soldiers, having woven a crown of thorns, placed it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe.
  2. John.19.2And the soldiers, having woven a crown of thorns, placed it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe.
  3. 1Pet.1.18-1Pet.1.19;Heb.9.12-Heb.9.14knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things—silver or gold—from your futile way of life handed down from your fathers, 1Pet.1.19 — but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot Heb.9.12 — Neither through the blood of goats and bulls, but through his own blood he entered once for all into the holy places, having obtained eternal redemption. Heb.9.13 — For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled, sanctifies for the purification of the flesh, Heb.9.14 — how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, cleanse our conscience from dead works to serve the living God
  4. Matt.27.28-Matt.27.29;Mark.15.17-Mark.15.19;John.19.2-John.19.3And they stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him. Matt.27.29 — And they twisted together a crown of thorns and placed it on his head, and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, 'Hail, King of the Jews!' Mark.15.17 — And they clothed him in purple, and after twisting together a crown of thorns, they placed it on him. Mark.15.18 — And they began to greet him, "Hail, King of the Jews!" Mark.15.19 — And they kept striking his head with a reed and spitting on him, and kneeling down they bowed before him. John.19.2 — And the soldiers, having woven a crown of thorns, placed it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe. John.19.3 — And they kept coming up to him, saying, 'Hail, King of the Jews!' and striking him with their hands." Completes the sentence and gives the repeated action a clearer spoken rhythm.
  5. Matt.26.67;Mark.14.65Then they spat in his face and struck him, and some slapped him, Mark.14.65 — And some began to spit on him, to cover his face, to strike him, and to say to him, 'Prophesy!' And the guards received him with blows.
  6. Matt.26.56;Mark.14.50But all this has happened so that the Scriptures of the prophets might be fulfilled. Then all the disciples left him and fled. Mark.14.50 — And everyone deserted him and fled.
  7. Matt.27.27-Matt.27.31;Mark.15.16-Mark.15.20;Luke.22.63-Luke.22.65Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the Praetorion and gathered the whole cohort around him. Matt.27.28 — And they stripped him and put a scarlet robe on him. Matt.27.29 — And they twisted together a crown of thorns and placed it on his head, and put a reed in his right hand. And kneeling before him, they mocked him, saying, 'Hail, King of the Jews!' Matt.27.30 — And they spit on him, and took the reed and struck him on the head. Matt.27.31 — And after they had mocked him, they stripped off the robe and put his own clothes on him, and led him away to crucify him. Mark.15.16 — Then the soldiers led him away into the courtyard, that is, the Praetorium, and called together the whole cohort. Mark.15.17 — And they clothed him in purple, and after twisting together a crown of thorns, they placed it on him. Mark.15.18 — And they began to greet him, "Hail, King of the Jews!" Mark.15.19 — And they kept striking his head with a reed and spitting on him, and kneeling down they bowed before him. Mark.15.20 — And when they had mocked him, they stripped him of the purple and put his own clothes on him. Then they led him out to crucify him. Luke.22.63 — And the men who were holding Jesus were mocking him, striking him. Luke.22.64 — And having blindfolded him, they began asking him, saying, "Prophesy! Who is it that struck you?" Luke.22.65 — And they said many other things, blaspheming against him.
  8. Luke.23.1-Luke.23.11;Matt.26.59-Matt.26.60Then the whole assembly rose and brought him before Pilate. Luke.23.2 — And they began to accuse him, saying, "We have found this man perverting our nation and forbidding the giving of tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is the Christ, a King." Luke.23.3 — And Pilate asked him, saying, "Are you the King of the Jews?" And he answered him, "You say so." Luke.23.4 — And Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, "I find no basis for a charge against this man." Luke.23.5 — But they pressed harder, saying, "He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, having started from Galilee even to this place." Luke.23.6 — But when Pilate heard this, he asked whether the man was a Galilean. Luke.23.7 — And when he learned that he belonged to Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him over to Herod, who himself was in Jerusalem at that time. Luke.23.8 — Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was very glad, for he had been wanting to see him for a long time, because he had heard about him, and he was hoping to see some sign done by him. Luke.23.9 — He questioned him at considerable length, but he answered him nothing. Luke.23.10 — And the chief priests and the scribes stood by, accusing him vehemently. Luke.23.11 — And Herod, together with his soldiers, treated him with contempt and mocked him, putting a gorgeous robe on him, and sent him back to Pilate. Matt.26.59 — Now the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin were seeking false testimony against Jesus, in order that they might put him to death. Matt.26.60 — And many false witnesses came forward, but they did not find [any].
  9. John.19.2And the soldiers, having woven a crown of thorns, placed it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe.
  10. Gen.9.20-Gen.9.23And Noah, a man of the ground, began by planting a vineyard. Gen.9.21 — He drank of the wine and became drunk and lay uncovered in his tent. Gen.9.22 — And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his two brothers outside. Gen.9.23 — Shem and Japheth took the garment, laid it on both their shoulders, and walked backward and covered their father's nakedness; their faces were turned away, and they did not see their father's nakedness.
  11. John.19.2-John.19.5And the soldiers, having woven a crown of thorns, placed it on his head, and they clothed him in a purple robe. John.19.3 — And they kept coming up to him, saying, 'Hail, King of the Jews!' and striking him with their hands." Completes the sentence and gives the repeated action a clearer spoken rhythm. John.19.4 — And Pilate went out again and said to them, 'See, I am bringing him out to you, so that you may know that I find no charge against him.' John.19.5 — So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, and Pilate said to them, "Behold, the man."
  12. John.19.5So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, and Pilate said to them, "Behold, the man."
  13. John.19.5So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, and Pilate said to them, "Behold, the man."
  14. John.19.17Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place called the Place of a Skull, which in Aramaic is called Golgotha.
  15. John.1.29The next day he sees Jesus coming toward him and says, "Look, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world!"

Notes

  1. 1In Golden Age Spanish biblical idiom, presidente here is the Roman governor (Pilate), not a modern political president.
  2. 2Capitalized place-name for the governor’s tribunal/praetorium (judgment hall), not a modern court audience.
  3. 3retablo: rendered as "scene" (a vivid tableau for meditation); could also be "picture" or, more literally, "altarpiece."
  4. 4ensayos: rendered as "trials" (successive experiments of torment); the following section continues with "invenciones y maneras de vituperios," supporting a sense of invented, multiplying affronts rather than mere practice runs.
  5. 5"mesura de sus ojos" rendered as composure of his eyes (measured, calm gaze), not mere physical proportion.
  6. 6"largo en el perdonar" rendered as generous in forgiving (liberal/ready to forgive), not merely long-lasting.
  7. 7Pontífices rendered as high priests (Passion-context chief priests), not later ecclesiastical pontiffs.
  8. 8Spanish «una sola punzada de un alfiler que fuese» is a minimizer: even if it were only one jab from a pin; rendered as «even a single pinprick» to keep the force natural in English.
  9. 9Source 'escurecido' is the older spelling of 'oscurecido' ('darkened'); rendered as darkened.
  10. 10Older Spanish 'parar' here means 'to leave in a certain condition/state,' not 'to stop.'
  11. 11Source reads «el rey Ezequiel» (Ezekiel); the temple-cleansing king who had refuse cast into the Kidron/Cedron is Hezekiah (Ezequías; cf. 2 Chr 29–30). Rendered as Hezekiah as the intended sense.
  12. 12«caridad» rendered as charity in its theological-virtue sense (Christ’s self-giving love), not almsgiving.
  13. 13Spanish cardenales here means purple bruises/welts from the Passion, not ecclesiastical cardinals.
  14. 14Confusión in classical Spanish often means disgrace/shame; rendered as 'shame' rather than literal 'confusion'.
  15. 15Spiritual profit/advancement of the soul; rendered as 'my good'.
  16. 16Spanish dolor can mean pain, sorrow, or grief; rendered as pain to keep the proverbial force and the Passion sense of suffering.
  17. 17Ecce homo left in Latin as the Gospel formula ('Behold the man'); the source treats it as the Father's address through the Passion image.
  18. 18Opening quotation continues into the next section; closing guillemet appears later in OracMed.1.12.17.
  19. 19Spanish «tal paró la cara» (older sense of parar: leave in a certain state) rendered as «left his Son's face looking like this»; the deictic points to the scourged Ecce homo figure of the preceding meditation.
  20. 20«la cual» is singular feminine; it most naturally tracks «la malicia del pecado», though the rhetorical force presents both divine justice's rigor and sin's malice as visible in Christ's face. Rendered so both remain in view.
  21. 21Spanish justicias here means the judicial punishments already carried out (scourging and the rest), not abstract justice as a virtue.
  22. 22caridad rendered as charity to keep the theological virtue; amor as love of us for the motive of the act.
  23. 23diose por medio is rendered as a way was found / a means was appointed; the sense is a mediating resolution, not a vague happenstance.

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