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Treatise on the Love of God/Book 1 · Traité de l'amour de Dieu — Livre Premier (Contenant une préparation à tout le traité)
Chapter 9AmourDieu.1.9

Que l'amour tend a l'union

The Soul's First Sigh for Union

The Bride in the Song of Songs expresses her deepest longing for union with her Beloved through the metaphor of a kiss.

Great Solomon describes, in a delightfully admirable manner, the loves of the Savior and of the devout soul in that divine work which, for its excellence and sweetness, is called the Song of Songs.1 And to raise us more gently to the consideration of this spiritual love that is exercised between God and us through the correspondence of the movements of our hearts with the inspirations of his divine Majesty, he employs a continual representation of the loves of a chaste shepherd and a modest shepherdess. Having the Bride speak first, as if in a moment of loving surprise, he has her begin with this cry: "Let him kiss me with a kiss of his mouth!"2 Do you see, Theotimus, how the soul, in the person of this shepherdess, aims for nothing but a chaste union with her Bridegroom in her very first wish? It is as if she is declaring that this is the only goal she aspires to and the very reason she breathes. For I ask you, what else could this first sigh mean: "Let him kiss me with a kiss of his mouth"?3

The Language of the Heart

The kiss is explored as a natural and spiritual sign of the union of hearts, reflecting the outpouring of the soul.

The kiss has always, as if by natural instinct, been used to represent perfect love. That is, the union of hearts—and not without reason. We let our passions and the movements our souls share with animals show themselves in our eyes, our eyebrows, our foreheads, and the rest of our faces. Scripture says a person is known by their face; and Aristotle, explaining why we usually only paint the faces of great men, says, "It is because the face shows who we are." Yet we do not pour out our speech or the thoughts that come from the spiritual part of our soul—what we call reason, which sets us apart from animals—except through the mouth; so to pour out one's soul and pour out one's heart is simply to speak. Pour out your hearts before God, says the Psalmist—that is, express and speak the affections of your heart in words. And Samuel's devout mother, speaking her prayers—though so softly that one could barely see her lips move—said: I have poured out my soul before God.4 In this same way, when people kiss they set mouth to mouth, to show that they would wish to pour their souls into each other, so as to join them in a perfect union; and for that reason, in every age and among the holiest people in the world, the kiss has been the sign of love and affection.5 So it was used universally among the first Christians, as the great Saint Paul testifies when he says to the Romans and the Corinthians: Greet one another with a holy kiss; and as many testify, Judas, at Our Lord's arrest, used the kiss to identify him, because this divine Savior ordinarily kissed his disciples when he met them—and not only his disciples, but also the little children he took lovingly in his arms, as he did the one by whose example he so solemnly called his disciples to love of neighbor, whom many take to have been Saint Martial, as Bishop Jansenius reports.6

The Inseparable Bond of Love

Love is defined as a unitive force that gathers souls together, culminating in the total union of the lover with the Beloved.

So then, the kiss being the living mark of the union of hearts, the Bride, who in all her pursuits aims only at being united with her Beloved, says: Let him kiss me with a kiss of his mouth—as if she were crying out: Will so many sighs and flaming darts that my heart continually casts forth never win what my soul desires? I run—ah, will I never reach the prize for which I strain forward, which is to be united heart to heart, spirit to spirit, with my God, my Bridegroom, and my life? When will it be that I pour out my soul into his heart, and he pours his heart into my soul, and that thus happily united, we will live inseparable! When the divine Spirit wants to express a perfect love, he almost always uses the language of union and joining: Saint Luke says that among the multitude of believers, there was only one heart and one soul; Our Lord prayed to his Father for all the faithful, that they might all be one and the same; and Saint Paul warns us to be careful to keep the unity of spirit through the bond of peace. These unities of heart, soul, and spirit signify the perfection of love, which joins several souls into one. That is why it is said that Jonathan's soul was bound to David's soul—meaning, as Scripture adds, that he loved David as his own soul. The great Apostle of France, drawing from his own thought and reporting that of his Hierotheus, writes—I believe a hundred times in a single chapter of the Divine Names—that love is unitive: it unites, gathers, draws tight, collects, and brings things back into unity.7 Saint Gregory of Nazianzus and Saint Augustine say that they and their friends shared only one soul. Aristotle, who already approved of this way of speaking in his own day, says, "When we want to express how much we love our friends, we say: this one's soul and my soul are only one." Hate separates us, but love gathers us together; the end of love, therefore, is nothing other than the union of the lover with the one loved.8

Read the original Latin

Le grand Salomon descrit d'un air delicieusement admirable les amours du Sauveur et de l'ame devote, en ce divin ouvrage que pour son excellence suavité on appelle le Cantique des Cantiques. Et pour nous eslever plus doucement a la consideration de cet amour spirituel qui s'exerce entre Dieu et nous,par la correspondance des mouvemens de nos coeurs avec les inspirations de sa divine Majesté, il employe une perpetuelle representation des amours d'un chaste berger et d'une pudique bergère. Or, faysant parler l'Espouse la premiere, comme par maniere d'une certaine surprise d'amour, il luy fait faire d'abord cet eslancement: Qu'il me bayse d'un bayser de sa bouche! Voyes vous, Theotime, come l'ame en la personne de cette bergere ne pretend, par le premier souhait qu'elle exprime, qu'une chaste union avec son Espoux, comme protestant que c'est l'unique fin a laquelle elle aspire et pour laquelle elle respire; car, je vous prie, que veut dire autre chose ce premier souspir: Qu'il me bayse d'un baiser de sa bouche?

Le bayser de tout tems, comme par instinct naturel, a esté employé pour représenter l'amour parfait. C'est a dire l'union des coeurs, et non sans cause. Nous faiisons sortir et paroistre nos passions et les mouvemens que nos ames ont communs avec les animaux, en nos yeux,es sourcilz,au front et en tout le reste du visage. On connait l'homme au visage, dit l'Escriture; et Aristote,rendant rayson de ce que a l'ordinaire on ne peint sinon la face des grans hommes, "c'est d'autant," dit-il, " que le visage monstre qui nous sommes."

Mays pourtant nous ne respandons nos discours ni les pensees qui procedent de la portion spirituelle de nos ames, que nous appellons rayson et par laquelle nous sommes differens d'avec les animaux, sinon par la bouche;si que verser son ame, et respandre son coeur, n'est autre chose que parler. Verses devant Dieu vos coeurs, dit le Psalmiste, c'est a dire, exprimes et prononces les affections de vostre coeur par paroles. Et la devote mere de Samuel, rononçant ses prieres, quoy que si bellement qu'a peyne voyoit-on le mouvement de ses levres: J'ay respandu, dit elle, mon ame devant Dieu. En cette sorte on applique une bouche a l'autre quand on se bayse, pour tesmoigner qu'on voudroit verser les ames l'une dedans l'autre reciproquement, pour les unir d'une union parfaitte; et pour cela en tous tems et entre les plus saintz hommes du monde, le bayser a esté le signe de l'amour et dilection. Ainsy fut il employé universellement entre les premiers Chrestiens, comme le grand saint Paul tesmoigne quand il dit aux Romains et Corinthiens: Salues vous mutuellement les uns les autres par le saint bayser; et, comme plusieurs tesmoignent, Judas, en la prise de Nostre Seigneur, employa le baiser pour le faire connoistre, parce que ce divin Sauveur baysoit ordinairement ses disciples quand il les rencontroit, et non seulement ses disciples, mays aussi les petitz enfans qu'il prenoit amoureusement entre ses bras, comme il fit celuy par la comparayson duquel il invita si solemnellement ses disciples a la charité du prochain, que plusieurs estiment avoir esté saint Martial, comme l'Evesque Jansenius le rapporte.

Ainsy donq le bayser estant la vive marque de l'union des coeurs, l'Espouse qui ne pretend en toutes ses poursuites que d'estre unie avec son Bienaymé, Qu'il me bayse, dit-elle, d'un bayser de sa bouche; comme si elle s'ecrioit: Tant de souspirs et de traitz enflammés que mon coeur jette incessamment, n'impetreront-ilz jamais ce que mon ame desire? Je cours, hé, n'atteindray-je jamais au prix pour lequel je m'eslance, qui est d'estre unie coeur a coeur, esprit a esprit avec mon Dieu, mon Espoux et ma vie? Quand sera-ce que je respandray mon ame dans son cœur, et qu'il versera son coeur dedans mon ame, et qu'ainsy heureusement unis,nous vivrons inseparables!

Quand l'Esprit divin veut exprimer un amour parfait il employe presque tous-jours les paroles d'union et de conjonction: en la multitude des croyans, dit saint Luc, il n'y avoit qu'un coeur et qu'une ame; Nostre Seigneur pria son Pere pour tous les fideles affin qu'ilz fussent tous une mesme chose; saint Paul nous advertit que nous soyons soigneux de conserver unité d'esprit par l'union de la paix. Ces unités de coeur, d'ame et d'esprit signifient la perfection de l'amour,qui joint plusieurs ames en une: ainsy est- il dit, que l'ame de Jonathas estoit collee a l'ame de David c'est a dire, comme l'Escriture adjouste, il ayma David comme son ame propre Le grand Apostre de France, tant selon son sentiment que rapportant celuy de son Hierotee, escrit, je pense, cent fois en un seul chapitre des Noms divins, que l'amour est unifique, unissant, ramassant, resserant, recueillant et rapportant les choses a l'unité. Saint Gregoire de Nazianze et saint Augustin disent que leurs amis avec eux n'avoyent qu'une ame; et Aristote, appreuvant des-ja de son temps cette façon de parler: " Quand," dit il, " nous voulons exprimer combien nous aymons nos amis,nous disons: l'ame de celuy ci et mon ame n'est qu'une. " La haine nous separe, l'amour nous assemble: la fin donques de l'amour n'est autre chose que l'union de l'amant a la chose aymee.

Notes

  1. 1Early modern 'pour son excellence suavité' lacks an explicit 'et'; rendered as two qualities ('excellence and sweetness'). It could also be heard as 'excellent sweetness'.
  2. 2'eslancement' is a sudden cry or leap of the heart; rendered as 'outcry' to keep the force of an unprepared burst of love.
  3. 3Wordplay on aspire/respire retained as 'aspires' and 'breathes' to keep both the end sought and the living breath spent for it.
  4. 4Source reading 'rononçant' is taken as a typographical error for 'prononçant' (uttering/speaking); sense follows Hannah's silent or nearly silent prayer in 1 Samuel.
  5. 5'amour et dilection' rendered as 'love and affection'; both terms name love, with dilection stressing chosen, heartfelt love rather than a separate virtue.
  6. 6'charité du prochain' rendered as 'love of neighbor' per charity/love policy; the theological-virtue sense of charity remains available if a later stage prefers it.
  7. 7"Le grand Apostre de France" is Saint Denis (Dionysius), traditionally identified with the Areopagite, author of the Divine Names; "Hierotee" is Hierotheus, his teacher in the Dionysian corpus.
  8. 8Leading quotation mark in the French may continue the Aristotle citation from s3 or mark de Sales's own conclusion; "donques" favors a summarizing conclusion about love's end as union.

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