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Third Spiritual Alphabet (Tercer Abecedario Espiritual)/Book 1 · Tercer Abecedario Espiritual: Sexto Tratado (del recogimiento del ánima)
Chapter 1AbecTercRecog.1.1

Capítulo I

The Call to Recollection

While many pursue diverse worldly paths or external devotions, the soul is invited to the higher practice of recollection in imitation of Christ.

Since, as the Satirist says, there are a thousand kinds of people and the use of things is diverse, the variety of temperaments and wills makes it plain that mortals have grown attached to different things—each one going his own way, as the prophet says. Setting the wicked aside, their business is to practice not one sin but many, and to invent and devise new kinds of offenses so that the Lord must seek new kinds of punishment. For we know that the torment of the penalty and the form of the wounds dealt must match the manner of the offense and the nature of the crime. Setting this evil aside—which, as the Wise Man says, is very common among people—we find that among the just some are devoted, with Saint Paul, to making a frequent practice of enduring the toils and hardships of penance to an extreme degree, as he says; others devote themselves, with Solomon, to meditating often on the pains of hell, which spiritually afflict the flesh a great deal; others practice, with Martha, the service of the poor in works of mercy; others, with Elisha, make a habit of visiting the sorrowful and afflicted and of going on pilgrimages to visit the Holy Places as well; others practice fasting with the disciples of Saint John. Granted that these practices and others of their kind are very good, yet for those who want to profit more and imitate greater things, our text says they should practice and make a habit of recollection, so that in this way they may imitate and follow the Lord, whose custom was to go off into the deserts, where, withdrawn and recollected, he could pray more secretly and spiritually in secret to his heavenly Father—and ours.1

Christ’s Unchanging Heart

Christ models perfect interior unity and recollection, remaining present to the Father even while acting in the world, providing a pattern for our own lives.

Without a doubt, the Lord could pray anywhere, just as Saint Paul urges, and could lift his most holy and pure hands anywhere and at any time better than Moses. He didn't need to withdraw from people—he who was always set apart from sinners in his life and higher than the heavens, so that even while living on earth he might always dwell with the angels, who have no need to withdraw in order to pray. Nothing at all hinders them: not the great affairs they tend to, not the great sins they see committed in the world, nor anything else; rather, they always pray and remain most perfectly recollected in God. And this suits the only-begotten Son of our God far better, who is in the bosom of the Father, as Saint John says. From that bosom and secret withdrawal he never parted, even as man; rather, he always dwelt in it with such quiet of mind and tranquility that he could say what the prophet said: "I am God, and I do not change."23 We mortals shift from one thought to another not twelve but two hundred times a day. But Christ our Redeemer, remaining unchanging in all His will, moved and governed the world while being as wholly present in one thing as in another. He kept His heart as whole as an indivisible point with no parts—unlike ours, which is divided and broken into as many pieces as the cares we carry. That wasn't so with the Lord, whose heart was no more burdened by a thousand cares than by one; for neither one nor a thousand disturbed or awkwardly occupied the heart that was united to God. Yet He who did not become man for His own sake, but for ours, did not want to live for Himself, but for us. He ordered all His most sacred works so that in Him, as on a mountain of very high perfection, we might take our example and look at what He showed us no less by example than by words.

The Discipline of the Desert

The author introduces the central theme of the Third Alphabet: the necessity of practicing recollection as a lifelong desert journey.

In this sense, it wasn't for His own sake, but for ours, that He needed to withdraw into the desert to pray; He did it to spur us to follow Him—not just for forty days, I mean, but for forty years through the desert of divine contemplation, purified of everything created. Regarding this, our letter says: Practice recollection often, to train yourself in its use.4 I mean to treat two things in this letter: first, to give the name it contains to this exercise that the whole of this Third Alphabet is about; and second, to show how it is to be practiced often, so that a person may train himself in its use.

The Power of Names

Understanding the significance of names and titles is essential for grasping the excellence of the spiritual realities they describe, including the nature of Christ.

It's plain that names must be such that they fit the things they're given to, as the wise use them—whose sciences are known in large part once their terms and words are understood—because those words matter greatly to the sciences themselves and bring out many of their properties. So those who want to be taught in some faculty or science should press into the force of the words, for it will be a very notable beginning of knowledge for them if they come to know a word's force and the reason it was given to the thing it speaks of.5 Beyond this, there are some things of such excellence and such notable qualities that even many words aren't enough to declare them, as we see with the great lords: the more titles they hold, the more names and styles and coats of arms they add, so that their lordships will be brought to everyone's notice; and as appears in Saint John the Baptist, whom, because he is so very great a saint, Scripture gives many names, calling him forerunner, and morning star, and voice, angel, man, a burning and shining lamp, and many others.6 The same appears in Our Lady as well, whose names are so many that we could hardly name them all; and this is because her excellence is so great that scarcely anyone can even conceive of it, even among the angels. We find the same in Christ our Redeemer, whose names are so numerous—due to his many qualities and virtues—that Scripture is full of them, and even all of them barely suffice to reveal the glory of his Majesty, which fills heaven and earth.7

Read the original Latin

Como, según dice el Satírico, haya mil maneras de hombres y el uso de las cosas sea diverso, bien se manifiesta, por la diversidad de las condiciones y voluntades, haberse aficionado los mortales a cosas diversas, yendo, según dice el profeta, cada uno por su camino, y dejando aparte los malos, cuyo oficio es frecuentar, no un pecado, sino muchos, e innovar e inventar nuevas maneras de ofensas, para que el Señor busque nuevas maneras de castigo, pues sabemos que según el modo de la ofensa y cualidad del delito ha de ser el tormento de la pena y la manera de las llagas que le han de ser dadas.

Dejando este mal, que es, según el Sabio dice, muy frecuente acerca de los hombres, hallamos que entre los justos unos son aficionados a frecuentar con San Pablo el sufrir trabajos y fatigas de penitencia sobremanera, como él dice; otros se aficionan con Salomón a meditar muy a menudo las penas del infierno, que espiritualmente afligen mucho la carne; otros frecuentan con Marta el servicio de los pobres en obras de misericordia; otros con Eliseo tienen costumbre de visitar los tristes y afligidos e ir en peregrinaciones a visitar también los Santos Lugares; otros frecuentan los ayunos con los discípulos de San Juan. Puesto caso que estas frecuentaciones y otras de su manera sean muy buenas, empero a los que quieren más aprovechar e imitar mayores cosas dice nuestra letra que frecuenten y acostumbren el recogimiento, para que así puedan imitar y seguir al Señor, cuya costumbre era irse a los desiertos, donde, apartado y recogido, pudiese más secreta y espiritualmente orar en escondido a su Padre celestial y nuestro.

Podía sin duda el Señor orar en todo lugar, como amonesta San Pablo, y alzar en todo lugar y tiempo, mejor que Moisés, sus muy santas y limpias manos; ni tenía necesidad de apartarse de los hombres el que siempre fue apartado de los pecadores en la vida, y más alto que los cielos para morar siempre viviendo en la tierra con los ángeles, que no han menester apartarse para orar, ni les impide cosa alguna que sea, ni los grandes negocios en que entienden, ni los grandes pecados que ven hacer en el mundo, ni otra cosa, sino que siempre oran y están perfectísimamente recogidos en Dios; lo cual muy mejor conviene al unigénito Hijo de nuestro Dios que está en el seno del Padre, según dice San Juan; del cual seno y secreto retraimiento, aun en cuanto hombre, jamás se apartó, mas siempre moraba en él con tanta quietud de ánimo y tranquilidad, que podía decir aquello del profeta: Yo soy Dios y no me mudo.

Los hombres mortales, no doce, mas doscientas veces al día se mudan de un pensamiento en otro; mas Cristo nuestro Redentor, permaneciendo inmutable a toda su voluntad, mudaba y regía el mundo estando tan entero en lo uno como en lo otro, y teniendo tan entero su corazón como punto indivisible que carece de partes, no como el nuestro, que está tan diviso y hecho tantas partes como cuidados tenemos; lo cual no era en el Señor, a cuyo corazón no daban más pena mil cuidados que uno; porque ni uno ni mil inquietaban ni ocupaban embarazosamente el corazón que estaba unido a Dios. Empero Él, que no se hizo hombre por sí, sino por nos, no quiso vivir para sí mismo; sino para nos, ordenando todas sus sacratísimas obras a que en El, como en monte de muy alta perfección, tomásemos ejemplo y mirásemos lo que nos mostraba no menos por ejemplo que por palabras.

Y según esto, fue no a Él, sino a nosotros, necesario que se apartase al desierto a orar, para que nos provocase a lo seguir, no digo cuarenta días, mas cuarenta años por el desierto de la contemplación divina y apurada de todo lo criado. De la cual dice según esto nuestra letra: Frecuenta el recogimiento por ensayarte a su uso.

Dos cosas entiendo tratar en esta letra: la primera, poner el nombre que en ella se contiene a este ejercicio de que todo este tercero alfabeto habla; y la segunda, mostrar cómo ha de ser frecuentado a intención de ensayarse el hombre en su uso.

Cosa es manifiesta que los nombres han de ser tales que convengan a las cosas que se imponen, según lo usan los sabios, cuyas ciencias están en gran parte sabidas, entendidos los términos y vocablos de ellas, lo cual es porque importan mucho de las mismas ciencias y declaran muchas propriedades de ellas; según lo cual conviene a los que quieren ser enseñados en alguna facultad o ciencia insistir en la fuerza de los vocablos, ca les será muy notable principio de saber si conociere la fuerza de él y la razón por que se impuso a la cosa de que habla.

Allende de esto, hay algunas cosas de tanta excelencia y de tan notables propriedades, que aun muchos vocablos no bastan para las declarar, como vemos en los grandes señores, que cuantos más ditados tienen, más vocablos añaden y títulos y armas, para que sean sus señorías traídas a noticia de todos; y como parece en San Juan Bautista, que, por ser tan grandísimo santo, le pone la Escritura muchos nombres, llamándolo precursor, y lucero y voz, ángel, hombre, candela ardiente y resplandeciente, y otros muchos.

Parece también aquesto en Nuestra Señora, cuyos nombres son tantos que apenas los podríamos nombrar; y esto por ser tanta su excelencia, que apenas hay quien la pueda pensar, aun entre los ángeles.

Lo mismo se halla en Cristo nuestro Redentor, cuyos nombres son tantos, por sus diversas propriedades y virtudes, que la Escritura está llena de ellos, y aun todos apenas bastan para notificar la gloria de su Majestad, que hinche el cielo y la tierra.

Scripture echoes

  1. Luke.10.38-Luke.10.42Now as they went on their way, he entered a certain village, and a woman named Martha welcomed him into her house. Luke.10.39 — She had a sister called Mary, who also sat at the Lord's feet and listened to his word. Luke.10.40 — But Martha was distracted by much service. She came up and said, "Lord, do you not care that my sister has left me to serve alone? Tell her then to help me." Luke.10.41 — But the Lord answered her, 'Martha, Martha, you are worried and troubled about many things.' Luke.10.42 — Few things are needed, or only one. For Mary has chosen the good portion, which will not be taken away from her.
  2. Matt.9.14Then the disciples of John came to him and said, 'Why do we and the Pharisees fast often, but your disciples do not fast?'
  3. Luke.5.16;Mark.1.35But he was withdrawing into the wilderness and praying. Mark.1.35 — And very early, while it was still night, he got up, went out, and departed to a lonely place, and there he was praying.
  4. Matt.6.6But when you pray, go into your inner room, and having shut your door, pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will reward you.
  5. Luke.5.16;Mark.1.35But he was withdrawing into the wilderness and praying. Mark.1.35 — And very early, while it was still night, he got up, went out, and departed to a lonely place, and there he was praying.
  6. Matt.4.1-Matt.4.2;Luke.4.1-Luke.4.2Then Jesus was led up into the wilderness by the Spirit to be tempted by the Devil. Matt.4.2 — And after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. Luke.4.1 — Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit in the wilderness. Luke.4.2 — for forty days, being tempted by the devil. And he ate nothing in those days. And when they were completed, he was hungry.
  7. Isa.40.3;John.1.23A voice calls: "In the wilderness prepare the way of the LORD; make straight in the desert a highway for our God." John.1.23 — He said, "I am a voice of one calling in the wilderness: Make straight the way of the Lord, just as Isaiah the prophet said."
  8. Mal.3.1;Matt.11.10And See, I am sending my messenger, and he will clear the way before me. Then the Lord you seek will suddenly come to his temple, and the messenger of the covenant in whom you delight will come, says the LORD of Armies. Matt.11.10 — This is the one about whom it is written: "See, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way before you."
  9. John.5.35He was a burning and shining lamp, and you were willing to rejoice for a time in his light.

Notes

  1. 1recogimiento is rendered as 'recollection,' the technical term in Spanish mystical theology for gathering the soul inward to God (not mere memory).
  2. 2recogidos / recogimiento: rendered as recollected, the treatise’s technical term for interior gathering of the soul in God, not mere calm or concentration.
  3. 3secreto retraimiento: secret withdrawal/retreat into the Father’s bosom; kept as secret withdrawal to preserve the interior-seclusion sense of retraimiento alongside seno.
  4. 4letra names the alphabet motto of Osuna's Abecedario chapter, not a written character alone; recogimiento is the technical term for interior recollection that this sixth treatise treats.
  5. 5Spanish fuerza de los vocablos means the semantic force or proper signification of terms (scholastic usage), not physical strength; rendered as 'force of the words' to keep that technical sense.
  6. 6Early modern Spanish ditados here means noble titles/dignities (styles of rank), not written dictations; rendered as 'titles' in parallel with the following 'names and styles and coats of arms.'
  7. 7Early modern Spanish 'propriedades' is properties/attributes of Christ, not legal property; 'notificar' here means make known or declare, not modern 'notify'.

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