Canción III
The Soul's Resolution to Seek the Beloved
The soul resolves to seek her Beloved through active effort, declaring that she will go over mountains and riverbanks, renouncing flowers and fearing no wild beasts, as she passes fortresses and frontiers.
Seeking my Beloved, I'll go over those mountains and along those riverbanks; I won't pick the flowers, nor will I fear the wild beasts, and I'll pass the fortresses and frontiers.✦ Exposition Seeing that to find the Beloved neither sighs nor prayers were enough for her, nor was the help of good intermediaries either—as she has done in the first and second songs—and since the desire with which she seeks him is true and her love is great, the soul doesn't want to leave undone any effort she can make on her part; because the soul that truly loves God doesn't grow lazy about doing all she can to find the Son of God, her Beloved, and even after she has done everything, she isn't satisfied and doesn't think she has done anything; and so, in this third song, she herself wants to seek him by her own work, and she tells the way she must take in finding him—namely, that she must keep practicing the virtues and spiritual exercises of the active and contemplative life, and that for this she must not admit any delights or consolations, nor will all the strength and snares of the soul's three enemies—the world, the devil, and the flesh—be enough to stop her or hinder her on this path, saying:12
The Active Search: Seeking by Works
The soul explains that seeking God requires not only prayer but also personal effort, leaving behind comfort and consolations, and that divine Wisdom is found by those who actively seek her with love and vigilance.
Seeking my Beloved.3 That is, my Beloved. Here the soul makes it clear that to find God truly, it isn't enough only to pray with the heart and with the tongue, or to rely on help from other people's good works either; along with that, she also has to act on her own part. Which is true in itself, because God usually values one work of the person's own more than many that others do for her; and so, remembering here the Beloved's saying, which says: Seek, and you will find, she herself resolves to go out in the way we have said to seek him by her own action, so as not to end up without finding him—like many who wouldn't want God to cost them more than talk, and even that done poorly, and for him refuse to do anything that costs them something, and some won't even get up from a place of their pleasure and contentment for him, but would rather have the taste of God come to their mouth and heart just like that, without taking a step or mortifying themselves by giving up any of their pleasures, consolations, and useless desires; but until they leave those things to seek him, no matter how much they cry out to God, they will not find him, because that is how the Bride sought him in the Song of Songs and did not find him until she went out to seek him; and she says so in these words: By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loves; I sought him, and I did not find him. I will rise and go about the city; through the streets and the squares I will seek him whom my soul loves; "By night on my bed I sought him whom my soul loves; I sought him and did not find him. I will rise and go about the city; through the streets and the squares I will seek him whom my soul loves." And after she had gone through some hardships, it says there that she found him. So then, anyone who seeks God while wanting to stay in comfort and rest is seeking him by night, and so will not find him; but anyone who seeks through the practice and works of the virtues, leaving aside the bed of pleasure and delight, seeks him by day, and so will find him, because what isn't found by night appears by day. The Bridegroom makes this very clear in the book of Wisdom, saying: Wisdom is clear and never fades; she is easily seen by those who love her, and is found by those who seek her. She goes out ahead to those who desire her, so that she may show herself to them first. Whoever keeps watch for her from daybreak will not toil, for he will find her sitting at his doors; that is to say: Wisdom is bright, and she never fades, and she is easily seen by those who love her and found by those who seek her. She comes ahead to those who long for her, to show herself to them first.4 Whoever rises early for her in the morning will not toil, because he will find her sitting at the door of his house. In this he makes clear that, once the soul leaves the house of its own will and the bed of its own pleasure, no sooner has it finished leaving than it will find, right there outside, that divine Wisdom who is the Son of God, its Bridegroom; and for that reason the soul says here: "Seeking my Beloved."5
The Path of Virtues and Mortifications
The soul interprets mountains as virtues and riverbanks as mortifications, declaring that she will practice both contemplative and active life, humbling herself in lowly exercises to seek her Beloved.
I'll go over those mountains and along those riverbanks. By the mountains, which are high, he means here the virtues. On the one hand because of their height, on the other because of the difficulty and toil it takes to climb them — through which he says he will go, practicing the contemplative life. By the riverbanks, which are low, he means the mortifications, penances, and spiritual exercises, through which he also says he will go, practicing in them the active life together with the contemplative life he has already mentioned; because to seek God truly and to acquire the virtues, both are needed.6 So it amounts to saying: Seeking my Beloved, I will go putting the high virtues into practice, and humbling myself in the low mortifications and humble exercises. He says this because the way of seeking God is to go doing good in God and mortifying evil in oneself, in the way he goes on saying in the following verses, namely:
Renouncing All Consolations
The soul resolves not to pick the flowers of temporal, sensual, or spiritual consolations, understanding that these attachments hinder the way of the cross and the pursuit of her Beloved.
Nor will I pick the flowers. Because seeking God requires a naked and strong heart, free from all the evils and goods that are not purely God, the soul declares in this verse and those that follow the freedom and strength it must have to seek him; and here it says it will not pick the flowers it finds along the way—meaning all the pleasures, satisfactions, and delights life can offer, which could hinder its path if it chose to pick them up and let them in.7 These are of three kinds—temporal, sensual, and spiritual; and because all of them occupy the heart and hinder the spiritual nakedness required for the straight path of Christ if the soul were to linger over them or settle into them, she says that to seek him she will not pick any of these things just named; and so it is as if she said: I will not set my heart on the riches and goods the world offers, nor will I admit the satisfactions and delights of my flesh, nor will I linger over the pleasures and consolations of my spirit, so that they keep me from seeking my Beloved over the mountains of the virtues and of hard labors. She says this in order to take the counsel the prophet David gives to those who travel this path, saying: Divitiae si affluant, nolite cor apponere; that is: If abundant riches present themselves, do not set your heart on them. She understands this of sensual pleasures as much as of the other temporal goods and spiritual consolations. Here it should be noted that not only temporal goods and bodily delights hinder and oppose the way of God, but also spiritual consolations and delights—if they are held possessively or sought after—hinder the way of the cross of the Bridegroom, Christ; therefore, whoever is to go forward must not stop to pick those flowers; and not only that, but must also have the courage and strength to say:
Overcoming the Three Enemies
The soul declares she will not fear the wild beasts, fortresses, or frontiers—symbolizing the world, the devil, and the flesh—and explains how to overcome each through prayer, humility, mortification, and reliance on divine strength.
I won't fear the wild beasts, And I'll pass the strong ones and the frontiers. In these verses he sets out the three enemies of the soul—the world, the devil, and the flesh—which are the ones that wage war and make the path hard. By the wild beasts he means the world, by the fortresses the devil, and by the frontiers the flesh. He calls the world wild beasts, because to the soul that is beginning the way of God, the world seems to take shape in the imagination like wild beasts, threatening it and looking fierce — and this happens mainly in three ways: first, that it will lose the world's favor, lose its friends, its reputation, its standing, and even its property; second — another beast no less fierce — how is it going to bear never again having the world's pleasures and delights, and going without all its comforts?8 The third is still greater, namely, that tongues will rise against her and mock her, and there will be many taunts and jeers, and they will hold her in little regard; and these things so often rise up before some souls that it becomes extremely hard for them not only to keep going against these beasts, but even to begin the path at all.9 But other, more interior and spiritual wild beasts are often set before some generous souls—difficulties and temptations, tribulations and hardships of many kinds—because it is fitting for them to pass through them. God sends these to those he wants to raise to high perfection, testing and examining them like gold in the fire, according to that word of David: Multae tribulationes justorum; et de omnibus his liberavit eos Dominus—that is: The tribulations of the just are many, but from them all the Lord will deliver us. But the soul that is truly in love, who values her Beloved above all things and trusts in his love and favor, thinks little of saying: "Nor will I fear the wild beasts." And I'll pass the strong ones and the frontiers. He calls the demons—the second enemy—the strong, because they try with great force to seize the pass of this path; and also because their temptations and cunning are stronger, harder to overcome, and more difficult to understand than those of the world and the flesh; and because they also fortify themselves with these other two enemies—the world and the flesh—to wage fierce war on the soul.10 And therefore, when David speaks of them, he calls them the strong, saying: Fortes quaesierunt animam meam; that is: "The strong sought my soul."11 Of whose strength the prophet Job also says: 'Non est super terram potestas, quae comparetur ei, qui factus est ut nullum timeret'; that there is no power on earth that can be compared with that of the devil, who was made so that he feared no one; that is, no human power can be compared with his; and so only the divine is enough to overcome him, and only divine light to understand his snares; for which reason the soul that is to overcome his strength cannot do it without prayer, nor can it understand his deceptions without humility and mortification; and that is why the apostle Saint Paul, warning the faithful, says these words: 'Induite vos armaturam Dei, ut possitis stare adversus insidias diaboli; quoniam non est nobis colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem'; that is: 'Put on the armor of God, so that you can stand against the cunning of the enemy, because this struggle is not like fighting against flesh and blood'; understanding by 'blood' the world, and by 'the armor of God' prayer and the cross of Christ, in which are the humility and mortification we have spoken of. The soul also says that it will pass the frontiers, by which are understood, as we have said, the resistances and rebellions that the flesh naturally has against the spirit; for the flesh, as the apostle Saint Paul says, lusts against the spirit: Caro enim concupiscit adversus spiritum. "And it stations itself as on a frontier, resisting the spiritual path"; and the soul must pass these frontiers by breaking through the difficulties and throwing to the ground, with the force and determination of the spirit, every sensual appetite and natural attachment; because as long as these remain in the soul, the spirit is so hindered beneath them that it cannot pass on to true life and spiritual delight; which Saint Paul made clear to us when he said: Si autem spiritu facta carnis mortificaveritis, vivetis; that is: If by the spirit you mortify the inclinations and appetites of the flesh, you will live. This, then, is the way the soul says in that song that it should keep in order to seek its Beloved on this path; which, in sum, is to have constancy and courage not to stoop to pick the flowers, spirit not to fear the wild beasts, and strength for the strong and the frontiers—attending only to going along the mountains and riverbanks of the virtues, in the manner already set out.
Read the original Spanish
Buscando mis amores, Iré por esos montes y riberas, Ni cogeré las flores, Ni temeré las fieras, Y pasaré los fuertes y fronteras.
DECLARACIÓN
Viendo el alma que para hallar al Amado no le bastaban gemidos ni oraciones, ni tampoco ayudarse de buenos terceros, como ha hecho en la primera y segunda canción, por cuanto el deseo con que le busca es verdadero y su amor grande, no quiere dejar de hacer alguna diligencia de las que de su parte puede; porque el alma que de veras ama a Dios no empereza hacer cuanto puede por hallar al Hijo de Dios, su amado, y aun después que lo ha hecho todo no se satisface ni piensa que ha hecho nada; y así, en esta tercera canción, ella misma por la obra lo quiere buscar, y dice el modo que ha de tener en hallarlo, conviene a saber, que ha de ir ejercitándose en las virtudes y ejercicios espirituales de la vida activa y contemplativa, y que para esto no ha de admitir deleites ni regalos algunos, ni bastarán a detenerla e impedirla este camino todas las fuerzas y asechanzas de los tres enemigos del alma, que son mundo, demonio y carne, diciendo:
Buscando mis amores.
Esto es, mi Amado. Bien da a entender aquí el alma que para hallar a Dios de veras no basta sólo orar con el corazón y con la lengua, ni tampoco ayudarse de beneficios ajenos, sino que también, junto con eso, es menester obrar de su parte. Lo que en sí es, porque más suele estimar Dios una obra de la propia persona que muchas que otros hacen por ella; y por eso, acordándose aquí el alma del dicho del Amado, que dice: Quaerite, et invenietis; «Buscad y hallaréis»; ella misma se determina a salir de la manera que habemos dicho a buscarle por la obra, por no se quedar sin hallarle, como muchos, que no querrían que les costase Dios más que hablar, y aun eso mal, y por él no quieren hacer cosa que les cueste algo, y algunos aun no levantarse de un lugar de su gusto y contento por él, sino que así se les viniese el sabor de Dios a la boca y al corazón, sin dar paso ni mortificarse en perder alguno de sus gustos, consuelos y quereres inútiles; pero hasta que de ellos salgan a buscarle, aunque más voces den a Dios, no le hallarán, porque así le buscaba la Esposa en los Cantares y no le halló hasta que salió a buscarle; y dícelo por estas palabras: In lectulo meo per noctes quaesivi quem diligit anima mea: quaesivi illum, et non inveni. Surgam, et circuibo Civitatem; per vicos, et plateas quaeram quem, diligit anima mea; «En mi lecho de noche busqué al que ama mi alma, busquéle y no le hallé. Levantareme y rodearé la ciudad; por los arrabales y las plazas buscaré al que ama mi alma». Y después de haber pasado algunos trabajos, dice allí que lo halló. De donde, el que busca a Dios queriéndose estar en su gusto y descanso, de noche le busca, y así no le hallará; pero el que busca por el ejercicio y obras de las virtudes, dejado aparte el lecho de su gusto y deleites, éste le busca de día, y así le hallará; porque lo que de noche no se halla, de día parece. Esto da bien a entender el Esposo en el libro de la Sabiduría, diciendo: Clara est, et quae numquam marcescit Sapientia, et facile videtur ab his qui diligunt eam, et invenitur ab his qui quaerunt illam.
Praeoccupat qui se concupiscunt, ut illis se prior ostendat. Qui de luce vigilaverit ad illam, non laborabit; asidentem enim illam foribus suis inveniet; quiere decir: Clara es la sabiduría, y nunca se marchita y fácilmente es vista de los que la aman y es hallada de los que la buscan. Previene a los que la codician, para mostrarse primero a ellos. El que por la mañana madrugare a ella no trabajará, porque la hallará sentada a la puerta de su casa. En lo cual da a entender que, en saliendo el alma de la casa de su propia voluntad y del lecho de su propio gusto, acabada de salir, luego allí afuera hallará a la dicha sabiduría divina, que es el Hijo de Dios, su esposo; y por eso dice el alma aquí: «Buscando mis amores».
Iré por esos montes y riberas.
Por los montes, que son altos, entiende aquí las virtudes. Lo uno por la alteza de ellas, lo otro por la dificultad y trabajo que se pasa en subir a ellas, por las cuales dice que irá ejercitando la vida contemplativa. Por las riberas, que son bajas, entiende las mortificaciones, penitencias y ejercicios espirituales, por las cuales también dice que irá en ellas ejercitando la vida activa, junto con la contemplativa que ha dicho; porque para buscar a lo cierto a Dios y adquirir las virtudes, la una y la otra son menester. Es, pues, tanto como decir: Buscando a mi Amado, iré poniendo por obra las altas virtudes, y humillándome en las bajas mortificaciones y ejercicios humildes. Esto dice porque el camino de buscar a Dios es ir obrando en Dios el bien y mortificando en sí el mal, de la manera que va diciendo en los versos siguientes, es a saber:
Ni cogeré las flores.
Por cuanto para buscar a Dios es menester un corazón desnudo y fuerte, y libre de todos los males y bienes que puramente no son Dios, dice en el presente verso y en los siguientes el alma la libertad y fortaleza que ha de tener para buscarle; y en éste dice que no cogerá las flores que encontrare en este camino por las cuales entiende todos los gustos y contentamientos y deleites que se le pueden ofrecer en esta vida y le podrían impedir el camino, si cogerlos y admitirlos quisiere.
Los cuales son en tres maneras, temporales, sensuales y espirituales; y porque los unos y los otros ocupan el corazón y le son impedimento para la desnudez espiritual, cual se requiere para el derecho camino de Cristo, si reparase o hiciese asiento en ellos, dice que para buscarle no cogerá todas estas cosas dichas; y así, es como si dijera: Ni pondré mi corazón en las riquezas y bienes que ofrece el mundo, ni admitiré los contentamientos y deleites de mi carne, ni repararé en los gustos y consuelos de mi espíritu, de suerte que me detenga en buscar a mis amores por los montes de las virtudes y trabajos. Esto dice por tomar el consejo que da el profeta David a los que van por este camino, diciendo: Divitiae si affluant, nolite cor apponere; esto es: Si se ofrecieren abundantes riquezas, no queráis aplicar el corazón a ellas. Lo cual entiende así de los gustos sensuales como de los demás bienes temporales y consuelos espirituales. Donde es de notar que, no sólo los bienes temporales y deleites corporales impiden y contradicen el camino de Dios, mas también los consuelos y deleites espirituales, si se tienen con propiedad o se buscan, impide al camino de la cruz del esposo Cristo; por tanto, el que ha de ir adelante conviene que no se detenga a coger esas flores; y no sólo eso, sino que también tenga ánimo y fortaleza para decir:
Ni temeré las fieras, Y pasaré los fuertes y fronteras.
En los cuales versos pone los tres enemigos del alma, mundo, demonio y carne, que son los que hacen guerra y dificultan el camino. Por las fieras entiende el mundo, por los fuertes el demonio, y por las fronteras la carne.
Al mundo llama fieras, porque al alma que comienza el camino de Dios le parece que se le representa en la imaginación el mundo como a manera de fieras, haciéndole amenazas y fieros, y es principalmente en tres maneras: la primera, que le ha de faltar el favor del mundo, perder los amigos, el crédito, valer, y aun la hacienda; la segunda, que es otra fiera no menor, que ¿cómo ha de sufrir no haber ya jamás de tener contentos y deleites del mundo, y carecer de todos los regalos de él? La tercera es aún mayor, conviene a saber, que se han de levantar contra ella las lenguas y han de hacer burla, y ha de haber muchos dichos y mofas, y le han de tener en poco; las cuales cosas, de tal manera se les suelen anteponer a algunas almas, que se les hace dificultosísimo, no sólo el perseverar contra estas fieras, más aún el poder comenzar el camino.
Pero a algunas almas generosas se les suelen poner otras fieras más interiores y espirituales de dificultades y tentaciones, tribulaciones y trabajos de muchas maneras, porque les conviene pasar; cuales los envía Dios a los que quiere levantar a alta perfección, probándolos y examinándolos como al oro en el fuego, según aquello de David: Multae tribulationes justorum; et de omnibus his liberavit eos Dominus; esto es: Las tribulaciones de los justos son muchas, mas de todas ellas nos librará el Señor. Pero el alma bien enamorada, que estima a su Amado más que a todas las cosas, confiada en el amor y favor de él, no tiene en mucho decir: «Ni temeré las fieras».
Y pasaré los fuertes y fronteras.
A los demonios, que es el segundo enemigo, llama fuertes, porque ellos, con grande fuerza, procuran tomar el paso de este camino; y también porque sus tentaciones y astucias son más fuertes y duras de vencer y más dificultosas de entender que las del mundo y carne, y porque también se fortalecen de estos otros dos enemigos, mundo y carne, para hacer al alma fuerte guerra. Y por tanto, hablando David de ellos, los llama fuertes, diciendo: Fortes quaesierunt animam meam; es a saber: «Los fuertes pretendieron mi alma». De cuya fortaleza también dice el profeta Job: Non est super terram potestas, quae comparetur ei, qui factus est ut nullum timeret; que no hay poder sobre la tierra que se compare a este del demonio, que fue hecho de suerte que a ninguno temiese; esto es, ningún poder humano se podrá comparar con el suyo; y así, solo el divino basta para poderle vencer, y sola la luz divina para poderle entender sus ardides; por lo cual, el alma que hubiere de vencer su fortaleza, no podrá sin su oración, ni sus engaños podrá entender sin humildad y mortificación; que por eso dice el apóstol san Pablo avisando a los fieles, estas palabras: Induite vos armaturam Dei, ut possitis stare adversus insidias diaboli; quoniam non est nobis colluctatio adversus carnem et sanguinem; es a saber: «Vestíos de las armas de Dios, para que podáis resistir a las astucias del enemigo, porque esta lucha no es como contra la carne y sangre; entendiendo por la sangre el mundo, y por las armas de Dios la oración y la cruz de Cristo, en que está la humildad y mortificación que habemos dicho. Dice también el alma que pasará las fronteras, por las cuales se entienden, como habemos dicho, las repugnancias y rebeliones que naturalmente la carne tiene contra el espíritu; la cual, como dice el apóstol San Pablo, codicia contra el espíritu: Caro enim concupiscit adversus spiritum. «Y se pone como en frontera, resistiendo al camino espiritual»; y estas fronteras ha de pasar el alma rompiendo las dificultades y echando por tierra con la fuerza y determinación del espíritu todos los apetitos sensuales y aficiones naturales; porque en tanto que los hubiere en el alma, de tal manera está el espíritu impedido debajo de ellas, que no puede pasar a verdadera vida y deleite espiritual; lo cual nos dio bien a entender San Pablo, diciendo: Si autem spiritu facta carnis mortificaveritis, vivetis; esto es: Si mortificáredes las inclinaciones de la carne y apetitos con el espíritu, viviréis. Éste, pues, es el estilo que dice el alma en la dicha canción que le conviene tener para en este camino buscar a su Amado; el cual, en suma, es tener constancia y valor para no bajarse a coger las flores, y ánimo para no temer las fieras, y fortaleza para los fuertes y fronteras; sólo entendiendo en ir por los montes y riberas de virtudes, de la manera que está declarado.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Song.3.1-Song.3.2 — On my bed, night after night, I sought the one my soul loves; I sought him, but I did not find him. Song.3.2 — I will rise now and go about the city, through the streets and through the squares; I will seek the one my soul loves. I sought him, but I did not find him.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish regalos here means spiritual consolations or favors (comforts given in prayer), not ordinary gifts.
- 2 ↩buenos terceros rendered as "good intermediaries": third parties whose help the soul enlisted in the earlier songs.
- 3 ↩Spanish mis amores is an affectionate plural for the Beloved; the following commentary glosses it as mi Amado.
- 4 ↩codician can mean covet or desire earnestly; rendered as long for to keep the positive mystical sense without the English moral stain of covet.
- 5 ↩mis amores in the Canticle line is the Beloved (the one the soul loves), not loves in the plural; rendered Seeking my Beloved to match the poem's address.
- 6 ↩"buscar a lo cierto a Dios" rendered as "seek God truly"; the phrase can also carry the sense "seek God with certainty / for certain."
- 7 ↩Spanish 'corazón desnudo' is John of the Cross's technical term for a heart stripped of attachments (spiritual nakedness/desnudez); rendered 'naked' to keep that mystical force rather than softening to 'empty' or 'open'.
- 8 ↩Spanish 'regalos' here means worldly comforts and pampering pleasures, not gifts in the ordinary sense.
- 9 ↩Golden Age 'más aún' rendered as 'but even' (adversative/additive), not comparative 'more still'.
- 10 ↩Spanish fuertes echoes the poem's "fuertes" (strongholds/the strong); here San Juan identifies them as demons, matching the Latin Fortes of the Psalm citation that follows.
- 11 ↩Older Spanish pretendieron here means sought/attempted (matching Latin quaesierunt), not modern "pretended."
The Spiritual Canticle companion
A daily portion of stillness
Chosen Portion delivers one short contemplative reading and a guided moment of silence each day — the ascent, one step at a time.
Chosen Portion is the paced doorway into this collection: it portions the dense mystical treatises into one daily reading plus guided silence, exactly as the 14-day plan teaches.
- Daily bite-sized excerpts from the contemplative classics, never a wall of text
- A built-in timed stillness practice that grows from 2 minutes to 10
- Gentle progression through the tradition — the app remembers where you are on the ascent