Canción XXXIX
Introduction: The Soul's Urge to Speak
The soul, unable to contain the word conceived within, sets out to speak of the fruition of the beatific vision.
Note on the following song But since the soul in this state of spiritual marriage we're discussing doesn't fail to know something of that reality—for, being transformed in God, a portion of it passes through her—she doesn't want to leave unsaid something of that whose pledges and traces she already feels within herself; because, as it's said in the Book of Job: Who can hold back a word once it's conceived?✦1 Who can contain the word conceived within and not speak it? And so, in the following song she sets out to say something of that fruition she'll then enjoy in the beatific vision, declaring, as far as she can, what that will be and how it will be there.2
The Song and Its Fivefold Promise
The soul sings the verse and then enumerates the five gifts the Bridegroom will give in beatific transformation.
The breeze as it breathes, the song of the sweet nightingale, the grove and its grace in the serene night, with a flame that consumes and gives no pain. Exposition In this song, the soul speaks and declares what the Bridegroom will give her in that beatific transformation, laying it out in five terms. The first, she says, is the breathing of God's Holy Spirit to her, and of her to God.3 The second, jubilation to God in the enjoyment of God.4 The third, knowledge of creatures and of their ordering.5 The fourth, pure and clear contemplation of the divine Essence. The fifth, total transformation into the immense love of God. So the verse says:
The Breathing of the Holy Spirit
The soul explains the first gift: the breathing of the Holy Spirit, which unites her in the trinitarian spiration and makes her a participant in the divine nature.
The breathing of the air. This breathing of the air is a capacity that the soul says God will give her there in the communication of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit, by breathing with that most lofty divine breath of his, raises the soul, forms her, and enables her so that she may breathe in God the same aspiration of love that the Father breathes with the Son, and the Son with the Father. This is the same Holy Spirit who breathes her into the Father and the Son in that transformation, in order to unite her with himself. Because it would not be a true and total transformation if the soul were not transformed into the three Persons of the Most Holy Trinity in an elevated and manifest degree.67 And this very breathing of the Holy Spirit in the soul, by which God transforms her into himself, is for her a delight so lofty, delicate, and deep that no mortal tongue can tell it, nor can human understanding, as such, grasp anything of it. Because even what takes place in this temporal transformation concerning this communication in the soul cannot be spoken of. For the soul, united and transformed in God, breathes in God toward God the same divine breath that God—she being transformed in him—breathes in himself toward her.8 And in the transformation the soul has in this life, this same breathing of God into the soul, and of the soul into God, takes place very often, with the most exalted delight of love in the soul—though not in a revealed and manifest degree, as in the other life.9 For this is what I understand Saint Paul meant when he said: Quoniam autem estis Filii, misit Deus Spiritum Filii sui in corda vestra clamantem: Abba, Pater; that is: Because you are children of God, God sent the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying out to the Father. And this, in the blessed of the next life and in the perfect of this one, takes place in the ways already described.10 And you must not think it impossible that the soul can do something so high—that the soul should breathe in God as God breathes in her, in a participated way. For, given that God grants her the favor of uniting her in the Most Holy Trinity—in which He makes the soul God-like and God by participation—what is so incredible about her also doing His work of understanding, knowledge, and love, or rather, having it done in the Trinity together with the Trinity, as the Trinity itself does?11 But in a communicated and participated way, with God working it in the soul itself—because this is what it means to be transformed in the three Persons in power and wisdom and love, and in this the soul is like God; and it was so that she might come to this that He created her in His image and likeness.12 And since this is so, there is no more knowledge or power to say it, except to make clear how the Son of God won this exalted state for us and merited for us this exalted place of being able to be children of God; and so He Himself asked the Father for it, through Saint John, saying: Pater quos dedisti mihi, volo, ut ubi sum ego, et illi sint mecum ut videant claritatem meam quam dedisti mihi; which means: Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, so that they may see the glory you have given me—that is, that they may do by participation in us the same work that I do by nature, which is to breathe the Holy Spirit.13 And He says still more: Non pro eis autem rogo tantum, sed, et pro eis, qui credituri sunt per verbum corum in me: ut omnes unum sunt, sicut tu Pater in me, et ego in te, ut et ipsi in nobis unum sint: ut credat mundus, quia tu me misisti.14 And the glory that you gave me I have given to them, so that they may be one as we also are one. I in them, and you in me, so that they may be perfected as one; and so that the world may know that you sent me, and loved them as you loved me; that is: But I do not pray, Father, only for these who are here now, but also for those who will believe in me through their teaching; that they all may be one and the same, just as you, Father, are in me and I in you, so may they too be one and the same in us.15 And I have given them the glory you have given me, so that they may be one and the same, as we are one and the same. I in them, and you in me, so that they may be perfect as one; so that the world may know that you sent me and loved them as you loved me.16 That means communicating to them the same love he has for the Son—though not naturally, as to the Son, but, as we've said, by unity and transformation of love; nor should it be taken that the Son means here to ask the Father that the saints be one essentially and by nature as the Father and the Son are, but that they be one in the union of love, as the Father and the Son are in the unity of love.17 Hence souls possess by participation these same goods that he possesses by nature; and for that reason they are truly gods by participation, like him and made his companions in God. Hence Saint Peter said: Grace and peace be fulfilled and made perfect in you in the knowledge of God and of Jesus Christ our Lord, inasmuch as everything of his divine power that belongs to life and godliness has been given to us through the knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and power, through whom he has given us very great and precious promises, so that through these things we may be made companions of the divine nature.18 These, so far, are Saint Peter's words, in which he clearly gives us to understand that the soul will share in God himself—that it will be doing in him, together with him, the work of the Most Holy Trinity in the way we've described, because of the substantial union between the soul and God. And although this is fulfilled perfectly in the life to come, still in this life, when the perfect state is reached—as we were saying the soul has reached it here—a great trace and savor of it is attained in the way we keep describing; though, as we've said, it cannot be told.
An Exhortation to Awaken
The soul cries out to the children of Adam, lamenting their blindness to the great things for which they are created, and transitions to the second term.
O souls created for such great things and called to them—what are you doing? What are you busying yourselves with?19 Your ambitions are low and mean, and your possessions are miseries.20 O miserable blindness of the children of Adam—you are blind to so much light and deaf to such great voices, failing to see that while you seek greatness and glory, you remain miserable and low, ignorant of so many good things and unworthy of them. Next, the soul says something else to make that clear, namely:
The Song of the Nightingale
The soul describes the second gift: the sweet voice of the Bridegroom like a nightingale, which brings jubilation and a foretaste of the new song of glory.
The song of the sweet nightingale.21 What is born in the soul from that breathing of the air is the sweet voice of her Beloved to her, in which she offers him her delightful jubilation; and she calls both the one and the other here the Song of the nightingale. For just as the song of the Philomel—that is, the nightingale—is heard in spring, once the cold, the rains, and the unsettled weather of winter have passed, and makes melody for the ear and delight for the spirit, so in this present communication and transformation of love that the bride already has in this life, already sheltered and free from all temporal disturbances and changes, and stripped and purged of the imperfections, hardships, and mists of both sense and spirit, she feels a new spring in freedom and spaciousness and joy of spirit, in which she hears the sweet voice of the Bridegroom, who is her sweet nightingale; and with that voice, renewing and refreshing the substance of her soul, as a soul already well disposed to walk toward eternal life, he calls her sweetly and delightfully, while she feels the delightful voice that says: Arise, make haste, my friend, my dove, my beautiful one, and come.22 For winter is now past; the rain has gone away and departed. The flowers have appeared in our land; the time of pruning has come; the voice of the turtledove has been heard in our land—that is: Arise, make haste, my friend, my dove, my beautiful one, and come; for winter has already passed, and the rain has already gone far away.23 The flowers have appeared in our land, the time of pruning has come, and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land; and with this voice of the Bridegroom, who speaks it in the interior of the soul, the bride feels an end of evils and a beginning of goods. In that refreshment and shelter and delightful feeling, she too, like a sweet nightingale, lifts her voice in a new song of jubilation to God, together with God, who moves her to it.24 That is why he gives his voice to her: so that she, as one with him, may give it together with him to God. For that is his aim and desire—that the soul should raise her spiritual voice in jubilation to God—just as the same Bridegroom also asks of her in the Song of Songs, saying: Arise, my friend, my lovely one, and come; my dove in the clefts of the rock, in the hollow of the wall, show me your face, let your voice sound in my ears—which means: Arise, make haste, my friend, my dove, in the clefts of the rock, in the hollow of the wall; show me your face, let your voice sound in my ears.25 The ears of God here mean the desires God has that the soul give him this voice of perfect jubilation. The Bridegroom asks that she give it and that it sound in the caverns of the rock—that is, in the transformation we spoke of concerning the mysteries of Christ—because in this union the soul rejoices and praises God and does works that are very perfect. And so this voice of jubilation is sweet to God and sweet to the soul. That is why the Bridegroom said, "Your voice is sweet"—that is, not only for you, but also for me, because, being one with me, you give your voice as one, like a sweet nightingale, to me. Such is the song that takes place in the soul in the transformation it has in this life from tasting him—a transformation beyond all praise.26 But since it isn't as perfect as the new song of the glorious life, the soul—having tasted through this song it feels here, and tracing by the loftiness of this song the excellence it will have in glory, whose superiority is beyond all comparison—remembers that song and says that what He will give her will be the song of the sweet, and then says:27
The Grove of Creation
The soul asks for the third gift: knowledge of God as Creator, seeing the charm and order of all creatures in him.
The thicket and its charm. This is the third thing the soul says the Bridegroom is to give. By the grove—since it nurtures many plants and animals within itself—she means God here, in that he creates and gives being to all creatures. These have their life and root in him; and this is God showing himself to her and making himself known as the Creator.28 By the charm of this grove (which the soul also asks of the Bridegroom here for that time), she asks for the grace, wisdom, and beauty that each creature has from God—not only each creature, earthly and heavenly alike, but also what they share among themselves in the wise, ordered, magnificent, and amicable correspondence of one with another: of the lower among themselves, the higher among themselves, and between the higher and the lower. This is something that gives the soul great charm and delight to know.2930 Next comes the fourth, and it is:
The Serene Night of Contemplation
The soul longs for the fourth gift: clear and serene contemplation of God, which in this life is a dark night but in glory becomes beatific vision.
In the quiet of the night. This night is the contemplation the soul longs for to see these things. She calls it night because contemplation is dark, which is why it's also called mystical theology—the secret or hidden wisdom of God. In this state, without the noise of words and without help from any bodily or spiritual sense, God teaches the soul in a most hidden and secret way, in silence and stillness, in the dark of everything sensory and natural, without her knowing how. Some spiritual people call this understanding by not understanding. It doesn't take place in the understanding philosophers call active, which works through forms, fantasies, and apprehensions of the bodily faculties. Instead, it happens in the understanding insofar as it is possible and passive, which, without receiving such forms, only passively receives substantial intelligence, stripped of image, given to it without any active work or office of its own. That is why she calls this contemplation night, through which in this life the soul knows, by means of the transformation, that she already possesses this divine grove and its beauty in the highest way.31 But however high this knowledge may be, it's still a dark night compared with the beatific knowledge she asks for here. That is why she asks for clear contemplation—the enjoyment of the grove and its beauty and the other things she has named—to be in the night already serene. She means in contemplation already clear and beatific, so that it may cease to be night in the dark contemplation here below and turn into contemplation of the clear and serene vision of God there above. So, to say 'in the serene night' is to say in clear and serene contemplation of the vision of God. Hence David, speaking of this night of contemplation, says: Et nox illuminatio mea in deliciis meis; that is: The serene night is my illumination in my delights. It's as if he said: When I am in my delight of the essential vision of God, the night of contemplation will have already dawned into day and light in my understanding.32 There follows:
The Consuming Flame of Love
The soul asks for the fifth gift: the flame of the Holy Spirit that consumes and perfects without pain, which is only fully realized in the beatific state.
With a flame that consumes and causes no pain. By the flame he means here the love of the Holy Spirit. To consume means here to finish and to perfect.33 So when the soul says that everything she has spoken of in this song is to be given to the Beloved, and that she herself is to possess it with consummate and perfect love—all of it absorbed, and she with it, in perfect love that causes no pain—it is to make known the complete perfection of this love; for to be perfect, it must have these two properties: namely, that it consume and transform the soul in God, and that the enkindling and transformation of this flame in the soul cause no pain. This can only be in the beatific state, where this flame is already gentle love; because in the soul's transformation into it there is conformity and beatific satisfaction on both sides; and therefore it causes no pain from varying in more or less, as it did before the soul reached the capacity for this perfect love; for once she has reached it, the soul is in such conforming and gentle love with God that, though God is (as Moses said, a consuming fire: Dominus Deus tuus, ignis consumens est) nothing to her now but a perfecter and restorer—which is no longer like the transformation the soul had in this life, which, though it was very perfect and perfecting in love, was still somewhat consuming and depleting to her, like the fire in the ember, which, though the ember is transformed and conformed to the fire, without that crackling and smoking it made before the fire transformed it into itself, still, though perfecting it in fire, was consuming it and reducing it to ash.3435 This is what happens in the soul that in this life is transformed with perfection of love: although there is conformity, she still suffers some kind of pain and detriment—on the one hand, from the beatific transformation she always misses in the spirit; on the other, from the detriment the weak and corruptible sense suffers under the strength and height of so great a love; for anything excellent is a detriment and a pain to natural weakness; for, as it is written: Corpus enim quod corrumpitur, aggravat animam. But in that beatific life she will feel no detriment or pain, even though her understanding will be most profound and her love very immense; for for the one God will give her capacity, and for the other strength, God perfecting her understanding with his wisdom and her will with his love. And because the Bride has asked, in the preceding songs and in the one we're explaining, for immense communications and knowledge of God—for which she needs the strongest and loftiest love in order to love according to their greatness and height—she asks here that all of them be held in this consummated, perfecting, and strong love.36
Read the original Spanish
Anotación de la canción siguiente
Pero por cuanto el alma en este estado de matrimonio espiritual que aquí tratamos no deja de saber algo de aquello, pues por estar transformada en Dios pasa por ella algo de ello, no quiere dejar de decir algo de aquello, cuyas prendas y rastro siente ya en sí; porque, como se dice en el Libro de Job: Conceptum sermonem tenere quis poterit? ¿Quién podrá contener la palabra que en sí tiene concebida sin decilla? Y así, en la siguiente canción se emplea en decir algo de aquella fruición que entonces gozará en la vista beatífica, declarando ella, en cuanto le es posible, qué sea y cómo sea aquello que allí será.
El aspirar del aire, El canto de la dulce filomena, El soto y su donaire En la noche serena, Con llama que consume y no da pena
DECLARACIÓN
En esta canción dice el alma y declara aquello que dice le ha de dar el Esposo en aquella beatífica transformación, declarándolo con cinco términos. El primero dice que es la aspiración del Espíritu Santo de Dios a ella, y de ella a Dios. El segundo, la jubilación a Dios en la fruición de Dios. El tercero, el conocimiento de las criaturas y de la ordenación de ella. El cuarto, pura y clara contemplación de la Esencia divina. El quinto, transformación total en el inmenso amor de Dios. Dice, pues, el verso:
El aspirar del aire.
Este aspirar del aire es una habilidad que el alma dice que le dará Dios allí en la comunicación del Espíritu Santo; el cual, a manera de aspirar con aquella su aspiración divina muy subidamente, levanta al alma y la informa y habilita para que ella aspire en Dios la misma aspiración de amor que el Padre aspira con el Hijo, y el Hijo con el Padre, que es el mismo Espíritu Santo que a ella le aspira en el Padre y el Hijo en la dicha transformación para unirla consigo; porque no sería verdadera y total transformación si no se transformara el alma en las tres personas de la Santísima Trinidad en revelado y manifiesto grado. Y esta tal aspiración del Espíritu Santo en el alma, con que Dios la transforma en sí, le es a ella de tan subido, delicado y profundo deleite, que no hay decirlo lengua mortal, ni el entendimiento humano, en cuanto tal, puede alcanzar algo de ello; porque aun lo que en esta transformación temporal pasa acerca de esta comunicación en el alma, no se puede hablar; porque, el alma unida y transformada en Dios, aspira en Dios a Dios la misma aspiración divina que Dios, estando ella en él transformado, aspira en sí mismo a ella.
Y en la transformación que el alma tiene en esta vida para esta misma aspiración de Dios al alma, y del alma a Dios con mucha frecuencia, con subidísimo deleite de amor en el alma, aunque no en relevado y manifiesto grado, como en la otra vida. Porque esto es lo que entiendo que quiso decir San Pablo cuando dijo: Quoniam autem estis Filii, misit Deus Spiritum Filii sui in corda vestra clamantem: Abba, Pater; esto es: Por cuanto sois hijos de Dios, envió Dios en vuestros corazones el espíritu de su Hijo, clamando al Padre. Lo cual en los beatíficos de la otra vida y en los perfectos de esta es las dichas maneras. Y no hay que tener por imposible que el alma pueda una cosa tan alta, que el alma aspire en Dios como Dios aspira en ella por modo participado. Porque, dado que Dios le haga merced de unirla en Santísima Trinidad, en que el alma le hace deiforme y Dios por participación, ¿qué increíble cosa es que obre ella también su obra de entendimiento, noticia y amor, o por mejor decir, la tenga obrada en la Trinidad juntamente con ella como la misma Trinidad? Pero por modo comunicado y participado, obrándolo Dios en la misma alma, porque esto es estar transformada en las tres personas en potencia y sabiduría y amor, y en esto es semejante el alma a Dios, y para que pudiese venir o esto la crió a su imagen y semejanza. Y como esto sea, no hay más saber ni poder para decirlo, sino dar a entender cómo el Hijo de Dios nos alcanzó este alto estado y nos mereció este subido puesto de poder ser hijos de Dios; y así lo pidió al Padre él mismo por San Juan, diciendo: Pater quos dedisti mihi, volo, ut ubi sum ego, et illi sint mecum ut videant claritatem meam quam dedisti mihi; que quiere decir: Padre, quiero que los que me has dado, de donde yo estoy, ellos también estén conmigo para que vean la claridad que me diste; es a saber, que hagan por participación en nosotros la misma obra que yo por naturaleza, que es aspirar el Espíritu Santo. Y dice más: Non pro eis autem rogo tantum, sed, et pro eis, qui credituri sunt per verbum corum in me: ut omnes unum sunt, sicut tu Pater in me, et ego in te, ut et ipsi in nobis unum sint: ut credat mundus, quia tu me misisti.
Et ego claritatem quam dedisti mihi, dedi eis, ut sint unum sicut et nos unum sumus. Ego in eis, et tu in me: ut sint consummati in unum: et cognoscat mundus quia tu me misisti, et dilexisti eos, sicut et me dilexisti; esto es: Mas no ruego, Padre, solamente por estos presentes, sino también por aquellos que han de creer por su doctrina en mí; que todos ellos sean una misma cosa de manera que tú, Padre, estás en mí y yo en ti, así ellas en nosotros sean una misma cosa. Y yo la claridad que me has dado he dado a ellos para que sean una misma cosa, como nosotros somos una misma cosa. Yo en ellos, y tú en mí, para que sean perfectos en uno; porque conozca el mundo que tú me enviaste y los amaste como me amaste a mí. Que es comunicándoles el mismo amor que al Hijo, aunque no naturalmente como al Hijo, sino, como habemos dicho, por unidad y transformación de amor; como tampoco se entiende aquí quiere decir el Hijo al Padre que sean los santos una cosa esencial y naturalmente, como lo son el Padre y el Hijo están en unidad de amor. De donde las almas estos mismos bienes poseen por participación que él por naturaleza; por lo cual verdaderamente son dioses por participación semejantes y compañeros suyos de Dios. De donde San Pedro dijo: Gratia vobis, et pax adimpleatur in cognitione Dei, et Christi Jesu Domini Nostri: quomodo omnia nobis Divinae Virtutis suae quae ad vitam et pietatem dona a sunt, per cognitionem ejus, qui vocabit nos propria gloria, et virtute, per quem maxima, et pretiosa nobis promissa donavit; ut per haec efficiamini Divinae consortes naturae; que quiere decir: Gracia y paz sea cumplida y perfecta en vosotros en el conocimiento de Dios y de Jesucristo nuestro Señor, de la manera que nos son dadas todas las cosas de su divina virtud para la vida, y la piedad por el conocimiento de aquel que nos llamó con su propia gloria y virtud, por el cual muy grandes y preciosas promesas nos dio, para que por estas cosas seamos hechos compañeros de la divina naturaleza. Hasta aquí son palabras de San Pedro, en que claramente da a entender que el alma participará al mismo Dios, que será obrando en él acompañadamente con él la obra de la Santísima Trinidad de la manera que habemos dicho, por causa de la unión sustancial entre el alma y Dios; lo cual, aunque se cumple perfectamente en la otra vida todavía, en ésta, cuando se llega el estado perfecto, como decíamos ha llegado aquí el alma, se alcanza gran rastro y sabor de ello al modo que vamos diciendo; aunque, como habemos dicho, no se pueda decir.
Oh, almas criadas para estas grandezas, y para ellas llamadas, ¿qué hacéis? ¿En qué os entretenéis? Vuestras pretensiones son bajezas, y vuestras posesiones miserias. ¡Oh miserable ceguera de los hijos de Adán, pues para tanta luz estáis ciegos y para tan grandes voces sordos, no viendo que en tanto que buscáis grandezas y gloria, os quedáis miserables y bajos, de tantos bienes hechos ignorantes e indignos! Síguese lo segundo que el alma dice para dar a entender aquello, es a saber:
El canto de la dulce filomena.
Lo que nace en el alma de aquel aspirar del aire es la dulce voz de su Amado a ella, en la cual ella hace a él su sabrosa jubilación; y lo uno y lo otro llama aquí Canto de filomena. Porque, así como el canto de filomena, que es ruiseñor, se oye en la primavera, pasados ya los fríos, lluvias y variedades del invierno, y hace melodía al oído y al espíritu recreación, así en esta actual comunicación y transformación de amor que tiene ya la esposa en esta vida, amparada ya, y libre de todas las turbaciones y variedades temporales, y desnuda y purgada de las imperfecciones, penalidades y nieblas, así del sentido como del espíritu, siente nueva primavera en libertad y anchura y alegría de espíritu, en la cual siente la dulce voz del Esposo, que es su dulce filomena, con la cual voz, renovando y refrigerando la sustancia de su alma, como alma ya bien dispuesta para caminar a la vida eterna, la llama dulce y sabrosamente sintiendo ella la sabrosa voz que dice: Surge, propera amica mea, columba mea, formosa mea, et veni. Jam enim hiems transit, imber abiit, et recessit. Flores apparuerunt in terra nostra, tempus putationis advenit: vox turturis audita est in terra nostra; esto es: Levántate, date priesa, amiga mía, paloma mía, hermosa mía, y ven; porque ya ha pasado el invierno, la lluvia se ha ya ido muy lejos. Las flores han aparecido en nuestra tierra, el tiempo de podar es llegado, y la voz de la tórtola se oye en nuestra tierra; con la cual voz del Esposo, que se la habla en lo interior del alma, siente la esposa fin de males y principio de bienes, en cuyo refrigirio y amparo y sentimiento sabroso, ella también, como dulce filomena, da su voz con nuevo canto de jubilación a Dios, juntamente con Dios, que la mueve a ella. Que por eso él da su voz a ella, para que ella en uno la dé junto con él a Dios; porque esa es la pretensión y deseo de él, que el alma entone su voz espiritual en jubilación de Dios, según también el mismo Esposo se lo pide a ella en los Cantares diciendo: Surge, amica mea, speciosa mea, et veni: columba mea in foraminibus petrae, in caverna maceriae ostende mihi faciem tuam, sonet vox tua in auribus meis: que quiere decir: Levántate, date prisa, amiga mía, paloma mía, en los ahujeros de la piedra, en la caverna de la cerca, muéstrame tu rostro, suene tu voz en mis oídos. Los oídos de Dios significan aquí los deseos que tiene Dios de que el alma le dé esta voz de jubilación perfecta, pide el Esposo que la dé y suene en las cavernas de la piedra, esto es, en la transformación que dijimos de los misterios de Cristo; que, porque en esta unión del alma jubila y alaba a Dios, hace las obras muy perfectas; y así, esta voz de jubilación es dulce para Dios y dulce para el Alma. Que por eso dijo el Esposo: Vox enim tua dulcis; Tu voz es dulce; es a saber, no sólo para ti, sino también para mí, porque estando conmigo en uno, das tu voz en uno de dulce filomena para conmigo.
En esta manera es el canto que pasa en el alma en la trasformación que tiene en esta vida del sabor de él, la cual es sobre todo encarecimiento. Pero, por cuanto no es tan perfecto como el cantar nuevo de la vida gloriosa, saboreada el alma por este que aquí siente, rastreando por el alteza de este canto la excelencia que tendrá en la gloria, cuya ventaja es mayor sin comparación, hace memoria de él, y dice que aquello que le dará será canto de la dulce, y dice luego:
El soto y su donaire.
Esta es la tercera cosa que dice el alma ha de dar el Esposo. Por el soto, por cuanto cría en sí muchas plantas y animales, entiende aquí a Dios, en cuanto cría y da ser a todas las criaturas. Las cuales en él tienen su vida y raíz, la cual es mostrarle Dios y dársele a conocer en cuanto es criador. Por el donaire de este soto, que también pide al Esposo el alma aquí para entonces, pide la gracia y sabiduría y la belleza que de Dios tiene, no sólo cada una de las criaturas, así terrestres como celestes, sino también la que hacen entre sí en la correspondencia sabia, ordenada, grandiosa y amigable de unas a otras, así de las interiores entre sí, somo de las superiores también entre sí, y entre las superiores y las inferiores; que es cosa que hace al alma gran donaire y deleite conocerla. Síguese lo cuarto, y es:
En la noche serena.
Esta noche es la contemplación en que el alma desea ver estas cosas; llámala noche, porque la contemplación es obscura, que por eso se llama por otro nombre mística teología, que quiere decir sabiduría de Dios secreta o escondida, en la cual, sin ruido de palabras y sin ayuda de algún sentido corporal ni espiritual, como en silencio y quietud, a escuras de todo lo sensitivo y natural, enseña Dios ocultísima y secretísima al alma, sin ella saber cómo, lo cual algunos espirituales llaman entender no entendiendo; porque esto no se hace en el entendimiento que llaman los filósofos activo, cuya obra es en las formas y fantasías y aprehensiones de las potencias corporales; mas hácese en el entendimiento en cuanto posible y pasivo; el cual, sin recibir las tales formas, sólo pasivamente recibe inteligencia sustancial, desnuda de imagen, la cual le es dada sin ninguna obra ni oficio suyo activo, y por eso llama a esta contemplación noche, con la cual en esta vida conoce el alma, por medio de la transformación, que ya tiene altísimamente este divino soto y su donaire. Pero, por más alta que sea esta noticia, todavía es noche obscura en comparación de la beatífica que aquí pide; y por eso dice, pidiendo clara contemplación, que es este gozar del soto y su donaire y las demás cosas, que ha dicho sea en la noche ya serena, esto es, en la contemplación ya clara y beatífica; de manera que deje ya de ser noche en la contemplación obscura acá, y se vuelva en contemplación de vista clara y serena de Dios allá. Y así, decir en la noche serena, es decir en contemplación clara y serena de la vista de Dios. De donde, David, de esta noche de contemplación dice: Et nox illuminatio mea in deliciis meis; esto es: La noche serena es mi iluminación en mis deleites; que es como si dijera: Cuando esté en mi deleite de vista esencia de Dios, ya la noche de contemplación habrá amanecido en día y luz en mi entendimiento. Síguese:
Con llama que consume y no da pena.
Por la llama entiende aquí el amor del Espíritu Santo. El consumir significa aquí acabar y perfeccionar. El decir pues, el alma que todas las cosas que ha dicho en esta canción se las ha de dar al Amado, y las ha ella de poseer con amor consumado y perfecto, absortas todas y ella con ellas, en amor perfecto y que no da pena, es para dar a entender la perfección entera de este amor; porque, para que lo sea, estas dos propiedades ha de tener; conviene a saber, que consuma y transforme el alma en Dios, y que no dé pena la inflamación y transformación de esta llama en el alma. Lo cual no puede ser sino en el estado beatífico y donde ya esta llama es amor suave; porque en la transformación del alma en ella hay conformidad y satisfacción beatífica de ambas partes; y por tanto no da pena de variedad en más o menos, como hacía antes que el alma llegase a la capacidad de este perfecto amor; porque, habiendo llegado a él, está el alma en tan conforme y suave amor con Dios, que, con ser Dios (como dijo Moisés fuego consumidor: Dominus Deus tuus, ignis consumens est; ya no le sea sino consumador y reficionador, que no es ya como la transformación que tenía en esta vida el alma, que, aunque era muy perfecta y consumadora en amor, todavía le era algo consumidora y detractiva, a manera del fuego en la ascua, que, aunque está transformada y conforme con ella, sin aquel restallar y humear que hacía antes que en sí la transformase, todavía aunque la consumaba en fuego, la consumía y resolvía en ceniza. Lo cual acaece en el alma que en esta vida está transformada con perfección de amor, que, aunque hay conformidad, todavía padece alguna manera de pena y detrimento; lo uno, por la transformación beatífica que siempre echa menos en el espíritu, lo otro, por el detrimento que padece el sentido flaco y corruptible con la fortaleza y alteza de tanto amor; porque cualquiera cosa excelente es detrimento y pena a la flaqueza natura; porque, según está escrito: Corpus enim quod corrumpitur, aggravat animam. Pero en aquella vida beatífica ningún detrimento ni pena sentirá, aunque su entender será profundísimo y su amor muy inmenso; porque, para lo uno le dará Dios habilidad, y para lo otro fortaleza, consumando Dios su entendimiento con su sabiduría y su voluntad con su amor.
Y porque la Esposa ha pedido en las precedentes canciones y en la que vamos declarando inmensas comunicaciones y noticias de Dios, con que ha menester fortísimo y altísimo amor para amar según la grandeza y alteza de ellas, pide aquí que todas ellas sean en este amor consumado, perfectivo y fuerte.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Job.4.2 — If one ventures a word to you, will you be impatient? But who can keep from speaking?
Notes
- 1 ↩prendas y rastro: bridal-mystical tokens/pledges of the Beloved and the trail they leave in the soul; rendered as "pledges and traces."
- 2 ↩fruición kept as mystical-theological "fruition" (joyful possession/enjoyment of God), not flattened to casual pleasure.
- 3 ↩Spanish aspiración is the technical mystical 'breathing' or spiration of the Holy Spirit, not mere yearning; rendered as 'breathing' to keep that sense clear in modern English.
- 4 ↩fruición is the scholastic-mystical 'fruition' (enjoyment) of God; rendered as 'enjoyment' for modern readability while keeping the theological sense.
- 5 ↩ordenación de ella: ella most naturally refers to the creatures taken collectively (their ordering/arrangement); rendered as 'their ordering'.
- 6 ↩Source reads «revelado y manifiesto grado»; neighboring CanticoEsp.1.40.8 uses the pair «relevado y manifiesto». Rendered as the likely intended «elevated and manifest».
- 7 ↩«informa» is taken in the scholastic sense of giving form, not of conveying information; hence «forms».
- 8 ↩«estando ella en él transformado» keeps mixed gender agreement in the source; sense rendered as the soul being transformed in God.
- 9 ↩Source reads "relevado"; rendered as "revealed" (revelado), matching the preceding section's fixed pair "revelado y manifiesto grado."
- 10 ↩Source grammar is elliptical/corrupt: "es las dichas maneras." Rendered as "takes place in the ways already described."
- 11 ↩Source "en que el alma le hace deiforme" is awkward; rendered as God making the soul God-like (likely intended "él la hace" / "la hace").
- 12 ↩Source "venir o esto" read as "venir a esto" (come to this).
- 13 ↩Spanish gloss "de donde yo estoy" renders Latin "ubi sum"; translated as "where I am." "Claridad" rendered as "glory," matching the Johannine sense of claritas/δόξα.
- 14 ↩Latin quote appears to carry transmissional slips: "corum" for "eorum," and "ut omnes unum sunt" for expected "sint." Left as in the source; Spanish paraphrase follows in the next section.
- 15 ↩The Spanish gloss after 'esto es' renders John 17:20–21 (from the previous section), not the Latin John 17:23 that opens this sentence; the English follows that supplied sequence.
- 16 ↩Spanish 'porque conozca' carries purpose force matching Latin 'et cognoscat'; rendered 'so that', not causal 'because'.
- 17 ↩Supplied ending ('como lo son el Padre y el Hijo están en unidad de amor') is grammatically broken and appears to have collapsed the expected contrast: not one by essence/nature, but one in union of love. Translation follows that plausible intended sense.
- 18 ↩Latin witness has 'dona a sunt', almost certainly for 'donata sunt'; sense taken from the accompanying Spanish gloss.
- 19 ↩entretenéis can mean occupy, divert, or amuse yourselves; rendered as worldly busyness that distracts from the calling named in s1.
- 20 ↩pretensiones covers worldly claims, aims, and ambitions; bajezas is rendered as 'low and mean' to keep both moral baseness and spiritual smallness.
- 21 ↩Spanish filomena is San Juan’s classical name for the nightingale (ruiseñor), as the next section glosses; rendered here as nightingale for modern clarity rather than the archaic literary Philomel.
- 22 ↩Philomel (filomena) is Juan's poetic name for the nightingale (ruiseñor); kept once for the classical allusion, then rendered nightingale.
- 23 ↩Juan's 'esto es' Spanish gloss covers the Bridegroom's call and the winter/rain lines (Song 2:10–11), while the opening Latin continues into Song 2:12; the flower/pruning/turtledove lines are then restated in Spanish in the next sentence.
- 24 ↩Source reading 'refrigirio' treated as 'refrigerio' (refreshment), the expected early-modern form in this mystical register.
- 25 ↩Source 'ahujeros' read as early-modern 'agujeros' (holes/clefts), matching the Vulgate foraminibus.
- 26 ↩encarecimiento: rendered as praise (beyond all that can be said in praise); also carries the sense of exaggeration or overstatement.
- 27 ↩Source ends at canto de la dulce before y dice luego; in stanza context this likely continues as dulce filomena, but the truncated reading is preserved rather than silently completed.
- 28 ↩"la cual" most naturally picks up the revelation given through creatures (God showing himself and making himself known as Creator), not merely "raíz" as a botanical metaphor.
- 29 ↩Normalized reading treats corrupt "somo" as "como" ("as"). "interiores" is rendered as "lower" on the strong parallel with "inferiores" later in the same sentence; if the witness truly intends "interior" creatures, revise.
- 30 ↩"donaire" rendered as "charm" to keep it distinct from protected theological "gracia" ("grace"), which appears separately in the same sentence.
- 31 ↩Spanish 'entendimiento... posible y pasivo' follows the scholastic contrast of active vs. possible/passive intellect; rendered to keep that technical force.
- 32 ↩Spanish 'vista esencia de Dios' is elliptical for the essential/beatific vision of God (visión esencial); rendered as 'essential vision of God'.
- 33 ↩Spanish consumir is used here in San Juan's technical sense of bringing to completion (acabar y perfeccionar), not of destroying; later sentences play this against consumir as depleting fire.
- 34 ↩Spanish contrasts consumador/consumadora (perfecter, bringing love to completion) with consumidor/consumidora (consuming, depleting). The ember simile depends on that wordplay.
- 35 ↩The source parenthesis after 'con ser Dios' is left unclosed and a semicolon falls inside the Moses citation; the translation follows the most plausible intended sense: God, though a consuming fire, is to the perfected soul only perfecter and restorer.
- 36 ↩noticias de Dios rendered as 'knowledge of God' (mystical insight/awareness), not modern 'news'.
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