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Chapter 29CanticoEsp.1.29

Canción XXVIII

The Reason for Love Alone

The soul explains that God uses only love to exalt the soul, making it equal to Himself, which is why the soul is called the bride of the Son of God.

Annotation of the following song But since we have said that God makes use of nothing except love, before we explain that, it is good to give the reason here—and it is this: all our works and all our labors, even if they are as great as they can possibly be, are nothing before God, because through them we can give him nothing and cannot fulfill his desire, which is only to exalt the soul; because he desires none of this for himself, since he has no need of it. And so, if he makes use of anything, it is that the soul may be exalted; and since there is nothing by which he can exalt it more than by making it equal to himself in a certain way, that is why he makes use only of its loving him—because the nature of love is to make the one who loves equal to the thing loved. Hence, because the soul has perfect love here, it is called the bride of the Son of God, which means equality with him—and in that equality and friendship all things are common to them both, as the Bridegroom himself said to his disciples: "I have called you friends, because everything I heard from my Father I have made known to you."✦1 So the song says:

The Soul's Total Surrender

The soul declares that all her faculties and wealth are given over to the service of the Beloved, with every part of her being directed toward God in a habitual, loving union.

My soul has given itself over, along with all my wealth, to His service; I no longer keep a flock, nor do I have any other work—for love alone is now my exercise. Explanation Since in the previous song the soul—or rather, the bride—said she gave herself entirely to the Bridegroom, leaving nothing for herself, she now tells the Beloved how she fulfills that gift: her soul, body, faculties, and all her capacity are now employed, not in everything, but only in what belongs to the service of her Bridegroom. For that reason, she no longer goes about seeking her own gain or chasing after her own pleasures, nor does she occupy herself with other things or with dealings strange and alien to God. Even with God himself, she no longer has any other way of relating except through the exercise of love; she has already exchanged and transformed all her former dealings into acts of love, as will now be described.23 My soul has been completely occupied. Her saying that the soul has been employed shows the self-surrender she made to the Beloved in that union of love, where her soul, with all its faculties—understanding, will, and memory—was already dedicated to His service: the understanding employed in attending to the things that most belong to His service in order to do them; the will in loving everything that pleases God and attaching itself wholly to Him; and the memory in the care of what belongs to His service and what will please Him most.4 And she says further: And all that I have, in his service.5 By 'all her wealth' he means here what belongs to the sensory part of the soul; that part includes the body with all its interior and exterior powers, and all natural ability—namely, the four passions, the natural appetites, and the rest of the soul's wealth—all of which she says has been turned to the service of her Beloved just as fully as the rational and spiritual part of the soul, as we just said in the previous verse.6 For the body already deals with Him according to God in the interior and exterior senses, directing their operations to Him; and she has all four passions of the soul bound to God as well, because she rejoices only in God, hopes in nothing else but God, fears only God, and grieves only according to God, and all her appetites and cares go to God alone as well; and all this wealth is already so employed and directed toward God that even without the soul's awareness, all the parts of this wealth we have mentioned incline, in their first movements, to act in God and for God; for the intellect, the will, and the memory go at once to God, and the affections, the senses, the desires, the appetites, hope, joy, and all her wealth incline toward God at the very first instant, although, as I say, the soul may not notice that she is acting for God. Hence such a soul very often works for God and is occupied with Him and His affairs without thinking or remembering that she is doing it for Him, because the practice and habit she already has in proceeding this way leave her without the awareness and careful attention, and even without the fervent acts she used to have at the beginnings of her working. And because all this wealth is already employed in God in the way just described, the soul must necessarily also have what the following verse says:

Renouncing All Other Occupations

The soul renounces all former appetites, self-serving occupations, and imperfections, now directing every word, thought, and work solely toward God.

I no longer tend the flock. In other words: I no longer chase after my pleasures and appetites. Because, having placed them in God and given them to him, the soul no longer feeds them or keeps them for itself; and it not only says that it no longer keeps them, but that it has no other work either.7 I no longer have any other occupation. Before the soul comes to make this gift and surrender of itself and its wealth to the Beloved, it usually has many unproductive occupations—ones by which it tried to serve its own appetite and other people's—because as many imperfect habits as it had, that many occupations we can say it had. These habits can be like a trait and occupation it has of speaking, thinking, and acting out useless things. And also by not using this in keeping with the soul's perfection.8 It usually has other appetites by which it serves other people's appetite—such as ostentation and formalities, flattery, deference, trying to look good and please people with its activities, and many other useless things with which it tries to win their favor, devoting to them the care of its appetite and its effort, and finally the wealth of the soul.9 It says it no longer has any of these occupations, because now all its words, thoughts, and works are of God and directed toward God, without carrying in them the imperfections it used to have; and so it is as if it were saying: I no longer go about pleasing my own appetite or anyone else's, nor do I busy myself or linger over other useless pastimes or things of the world.

The Exercise of Love

The soul's only occupation is now loving God, with all faculties and experiences transformed into acts of love, culminating in the blessed state of spiritual betrothal.

Now my only exercise is in loving. As if to say that by now all these faculties are set to the exercise of loving God—that is, that all the capacity of my soul and body, memory, understanding and will, exterior and interior senses, and the appetites of the sensory and spiritual part, everything moves by love and in love, doing everything I do with love and suffering everything I suffer with the savor of love; which is what David meant to convey when he said10 I will keep my strength for You. Here it should be noted that when the soul reaches this state, everything she does or suffers — whether in the spiritual part or the sensory part, however it comes — always gives her more love and delight in God, as we have said. Even the very exercise of prayer and dealing with God that she used to carry on through other considerations and ways has now become entirely an exercise of love. So whether her dealings concern temporal things or her exercise concerns spiritual things, this soul can always say that her only exercise now is loving.11 Blessed life and blessed state, and blessed is the soul that reaches it, where everything has already become for her the substance of love and the delightful gift of betrothal — in which the Bride can truly say to the divine Bridegroom those words that out of pure love she speaks to him in the Song of Songs: Omnia poma nova, et vetera, dilecte mi, servavi tibi; that is: "All the apples, old and new, I have kept for you"; which is as if she said: "My Beloved, I want all that is harsh and toilsome for your sake, and all that is sweet and delightful I want for you." But the fitting sense of this verse is that the soul in this state of spiritual betrothal ordinarily walks in a union of love, which is the common and ordinary abiding of a loving will in God.12

Read the original Spanish

Anotación de la canción siguiente

Pero porque dijimos que Dios no se sirve de otra cosa sino de amor, antes que la declaremos, será bueno decir aquí la razón, y es, porque todas nuestras obras y todos nuestros trabajos, aunque sean los más que pueden ser, no son nada delante de Dios, porque en ellos no le podemos dar nada ni cumplir su deseo, el cual sólo es de engrandecer al alma, porque para sí nada de esto desea, pues no lo ha menester; y así, si de algo se sirve, es de que el alma se engrandezca; y como no hay otra cosa en que más la pueda engrandecer que igualándola en cierta manera consigo, por eso solamente se sirve de que le ame; porque la propiedad del amor es igualar al que ama con la cosa amada. De donde porque el alma tiene aquí perfecto amor, por eso se llama esposa del Hijo de Dios, que significa igualdad con él, en la cual igualdad y amistad todas las cosas son comunes a entrambos; como el mismo Esposo lo dijo a sus discípulos, diciendo: Vos auteo, dixi amicos: quia omnia quaecumque audivi a Patre mem nota feci vobis; esto es: Ya os he dicho mis amigos, porque todo lo que oí a mi Padre os lo he manifestado. Dice, pues, la canción:

Mi alma se ha empleado, Y todo mi caudal, en su servicio; Ya no guardo ganado, Ni ya tengo otro oficio, Que ya sólo en amar es mi ejercicio.

DECLARACIÓN

Por cuanto en la canción pasada ha dicho el alma, o por mejor decir la esposa, que se dio toda al Esposo, sin dejar nada para sí, dice ahora en ésta al Amado la manera que tiene en cumplillo, diciendo que ya está su alma y cuerpo y potencias y toda su habilidad empleada ya, no en todas las cosas, sino en las que son del servicio de su Esposo, y que por eso ya no anda buscando su propia ganancia ni se anda tras sus gustos, ni tampoco se ocupa en otras cosas ni tratos extraños y ajenos de Dios, y que aun con el mismo Dios ya no tiene otro estilo ni otra manera de trato sino ejercicio de amor; porque ya ha trocado y mudado todo su primero trato en amas, según ahora se dirá.

Mi alma se ha empleado.

El decir que el alma se ha empleado da a entender la entrega que hizo al Amado de sí en aquella unión de amor; donde quedó ya su alma con todas sus potencias, entendimiento, voluntad y memoria, dedicada al servicio de él; empleado el entendimiento en atender las cosas que son malas de su servicio para hacerlas, y la voluntad en amar todo lo que a Dios agrada y aficionarla en todo a él, y la memoria en el cuidado de lo que es de su servicio y que más le ha de agradar. Y más dice:

Y todo mi caudal, en su servicio.

Por todo su caudal entiende aquí lo que pertenece a la parte sensitiva del alma; en la cual parte se incluye el cuerpo con todas sus potencias interiores y exteriores, y toda la habilidad natural, conviene a saber, las cuatro pasiones, los apetitos naturales y el demás caudal del alma, todo lo cual dice que se ha tornado en servicio de su Amado tan bien como la parte racional y espiritual del alma, como acabamos de decir en el verso pasado. Porque el cuerpo ya le trata, según Dios, en los sentidos interiores y exteriores, enderezando a él las operaciones de ellos; y las cuatro pasiones del alma todas las tiene ceñidas también a Dios, porque no se goza sino de Dios, ni tiene esperanza en otra cosa sino en Dios, ni teme sino sólo a Dios, ni se duele sino según Dios, y también todos sus apetitos y cuidados van sólo a Dios; y todo este caudal de esta manera está ya empleado y enderezado a Dios, que aun sin advertencia del alma todas las partes que habemos dicho de este caudal, en los primeros movimientos se inclinan a obrar en Dios y por Dios; porque el entendimiento, la voluntad y la memoria se van luego a Dios, y los afectos, los sentidos, los deseos, los apetitos, la esperanza, el gozo y todo el caudal luego de primera instancia se inclina a Dios, aunque, como digo, no advierta el alma que obra por Dios. De donde ésta tal alma muy frecuentemente obra por Dios y entiende en él y en sus cosas, sin pensar ni acordarse que lo hace por él, porque el uso y hábito que en tal manera de proceder ya tiene, le hace carecer de la advertencia y cuidado, y aun de los actos fervorosos que a los principios del obrar solía tener. Y porque ya está todo este caudal empleado en Dios de la manera dicha, de necesidad ha de tener el alma también lo que dice el verso siguiente:

Ya no guardo ganado.

Que es tanto como decir: Ya no me ando tras mis gustos y apetitos. Porque, habiéndolos puesto en Dios y dándolos a él, ya no los apacienta ni guarda para sí el alma; y no solo dice que no lo guarda ya, pero que ni tiene otro oficio.

Ni ya tengo otro oficio.

Muchos oficios suele tener el alma no provechosos antes que llegue a hacer esta donación y entrega de sí y de su caudal al Amado, con los cuales procuraba servir a su propio apetito y al ajeno, porque todos cuantos hábitos de imperfecciones tenía, tantos oficios podemos decir que tenía. Los cuales hábitos pueden ser como propiedad y oficio que tiene de hablar cosas inútiles y pensarlas y obrarlas. Y también no usando de esto conforme a la perfección del alma. Suele tener otros apetitos con que sirve al apetito ajeno, así como ostentaciones y cumplimientos, adulaciones, respetos, procurar parecer bien, y dar gusto con sus cosas a las gentes, y otras cosas muchas inútiles, con que procura agradarlas, empleando en ellas el cuidado del apetito y la obra, y finalmente el caudal del alma. Todos estos oficios dice que ya no los tiene, porque ya todas sus palabras, pensamientos y obras son de Dios y enderezadas a Dios, no llevando en ellas las imperfecciones que solía; y así, es como si dijera: Ya no ando a dar gusto a mi apetito ni al ajeno, ni me ocupo ni entretengo en otros pasatiempos inútiles ni cosas del mundo.

Que ya sólo en amar es mi ejercicio.

Como si dijera que ya todos estos oficios están puestos en ejercicio de amor de Dios, es a saber, que toda la habilidad de mi alma y cuerpo, memoria, entendimiento y voluntad, sentidos exteriores e interiores y apetitos de la parte sensitiva y espiritual, todo se mueve por amor y en amor, haciendo todo lo que hago con amor y padeciendo todo lo que padezco con sabor de amor; que es lo que quiso dar a entender David cuando dijo

: Fortitudinem meam ad te custodiam; «Mi fortaleza guardaré para ti».

Aquí es de notar que cuando el alma llega a este estado, todo el ejercicio de la parte espiritual y de la sensitiva ora sea en hacer, ora en padecer, de cualquiera manera que sea, siempre la causa más amor y regalo en Dios, como habemos dicho, y hasta el mismo ejercicio de oración y trato con Dios que antes solía tener en otras consideraciones y modos, ya todo es ejercicio de amor; de manera que, ora sea su trato cerca de lo temporal, ora sea su ejercicio cerca de lo espiritual, siempre puede decir esta alma «que ya sólo en amar es su ejercicio». Dichosa vida y dichoso estado, y dichosa el alma que a él llega, donde todo le es ya sustancia de amor y regalo de deleite de desposorio, en que de veras puede la Esposa decir al divino Esposo aquellas palabras que de puro amor le dice en las Cantares, diciendo: Omnia poma nova, et vetera, dilecte mi, servavi tibi; esto es: Todas las manzanas viejas y nuevas guardé para ti; que es como si dijera: Amado mío, todo lo áspero y trabajoso quiero por ti y todo lo suave y sabroso quiero para ti. Pero el acomodado sentido de este verso, es decir, que el alma en este estado de desposorio espiritual, ordinariamente anda en unión de amor, que es común y ordinaria asistencia de voluntad amorosa en Dios.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩John.15.15 — No longer do I call you servants, for the servant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, because all that I heard from my Father I have made known to you.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩The embedded Latin citation is corrupt in the source ("Vos auteo, dixi amicos... Patre mem nota feci"); the intended reading is the Vulgate of John 15:15 (Vos autem dixi amicos... a Patre meo nota feci vobis). The English follows the Spanish gloss and the clear Johannine sense rather than the damaged Latin surface.
  2. 2 ↩Early modern Spanish amas here means loving acts / loves (not 'mistresses'). Rendered as 'acts of love' to keep San Juan's sense of a transformed mode of dealing that is nothing but love-in-exercise.
  3. 3 ↩Orthographic contraction of cumplirlo ('to fulfill it'); sense is clear and translated accordingly.
  4. 4 ↩Source reads «malas de su servicio»; translated as the plausible intended «más de su servicio» («most belong to His service»), since «malas» yields a sense at odds with the surrounding dedication of the faculties to the Beloved.
  5. 5 ↩Spanish caudal here means the soul's whole endowment or store of powers and capacities (as the next stanza commentary makes clear), not merely money or material wealth; substance preserves that denser sense.
  6. 6 ↩Spanish caudal here is the poem's store of substance/resources; rendered as "wealth" to keep the economic metaphor while covering the soul's faculties and powers.
  7. 7 ↩apacienta / guarda continue the flock metaphor from the stanza (ganado = pleasures and appetites): the soul no longer pastures or tends them as its own.
  8. 8 ↩Elliptical "esto" (this) most naturally points back to speech, thought, and action in the previous sentence; rendered as "this" to preserve the source's vagueness.
  9. 9 ↩"respetos" here means socially driven deference / regard for persons, not reverence owed to God.
  10. 10 ↩Spanish oficios rendered as faculties: in context it names the soul’s powers and functions (memory, understanding, will, senses, appetites) set to the work of love, not bureaucratic offices.
  11. 11 ↩Spanish *regalo* in Juan de la Cruz is mystical spiritual delight/favor, not a material gift; rendered here as "delight."
  12. 12 ↩Spanish *asistencia* here means abiding presence/attendance of the will in God, not English "assistance" or help.

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