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Chapter 27CanticoEsp.1.27

Canción XXVI

The Inner Wine Cellar of Love

The soul enters the innermost wine cellar of divine love, where she is bathed in God and loses all worldly knowledge.

Annotation of the following song How, then, are we to understand the blessed soul as she rests in this flowering bed, where all these blessed things and many more take place—a bed in which she has the Bridegroom, the Son of God, for her pillow, and for cover and bedding the charity and love of that same Bridegroom?1 So that the Bride's words can certainly be spoken: Leva ejus sub capite meo—that is: His left hand under my head.2 Therefore it can truly be said that this soul is here clothed with God and bathed in divinity—and not merely on the surface, but deep within her spirit. Clothed in divine delights and filled to overflowing with spiritual waters of life, she experiences what David says of those who are thus drawn near to God—namely: Inebribuntur ab ubertate domus tuae, et torrente voluptatis tuae potabis eos, quoniam apud te est fons vitae—that is: "They will be drunk on the richness of your house, and from the torrent of your delight you will give them drink, because with you is the fountain of life."3 What fullness, then, must this be for the soul in her very being, since the drink she is given is nothing less than a torrent of delights—and that torrent is the Holy Spirit, who, as Saint John says, is the radiant river that springs from the throne of God and of the Lamb? And he showed me a river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb.✦4 Its waters, because they are the intimate love of God, pour intimately into the soul and give her to drink the torrent of love that, as we say, is the Bridegroom's Spirit infused into her in this union; and so, with a great abundance of love, she sings this song:5 In the inner wine cellar of my Beloved I drank, and when I came out, across all this meadow I no longer knew a thing, and I lost the flock I used to follow.6

Exposition of the Wine Cellar

The exposition explains the seven degrees of love leading to the innermost wine cellar, where spiritual marriage and transforming union occur.

Exposition In this song, the soul recounts the supreme favor God granted her by drawing her into the depths of His love—which is the union or transformation of love in God—and she describes two effects she gained from it: forgetfulness and detachment from all worldly things, and the subduing of all her desires and pleasures.7 In the innermost wine cellar.8 To say anything about this wine cellar, and to make clear what the soul means or wants to convey here, it would be necessary for the Holy Spirit to take the hand and move the pen. This wine cellar the soul speaks of here is the last and most intimate degree of love in which the soul can settle in this life; that is why she calls it the inner wine cellar—that is, the most interior one; from which it follows that there are others less interior, which are the degrees of love by which one climbs to this last.9 And we can say that these degrees or wine cellars of love are seven, all of which come to be possessed when the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit are possessed in perfection, in the measure the soul is capable of receiving them; and so, when the soul comes to possess the spirit of fear in perfection, it already possesses the spirit of love in perfection; because that fear, which is the last of the seven gifts, is filial, and a son's perfect fear comes from a father's perfect love; and so when Divine Scripture wants to call someone perfect in charity, it calls him God-fearing; hence Isaiah, prophesying Christ's perfection, said: Replebit eum spiritus timoris Domini; which means: He will fill him with the spirit of the fear of the Lord; and Saint Luke also called holy Simeon God-fearing, saying: Homo iste justus, et timoratus.✦✦1011 And so it is with many others. It's worth noting that many souls reach and enter the first cellar, each according to the perfection of love they possess; but few reach this final, most interior one in this life, because that is where perfect union with God occurs—what is called spiritual marriage—which the soul is speaking about here. What God communicates to a soul in this close union is completely unspeakable; nothing of it can be put into words—just as nothing can be said of God himself that truly describes him—because it is God himself who is communicated to the soul, along with the wondrous glory of her transformation.12 In this state, the two are one, much like a windowpane and the sun's ray, a coal and the fire, or the light of the stars and the light of the sun; yet this is not as essential or complete as it will be in the next life. So, to explain what the soul receives from God in that wine cellar, she says nothing else—and I don't think anything more can be said—than what is in the next verse:13

Drinking from the Beloved

The soul drinks from her Beloved, receiving wisdom, love, and delight through all her faculties in the union of the inner wine cellar.

I drank from my Beloved. For just as a drink spreads and pours through all the members and veins of the body, so this communication of God spreads substantially through the whole soul — or, to put it better, the soul is transformed into God by it. Through that transformation the soul drinks of her God according to her substance and according to her spiritual powers: for according to the understanding she drinks Wisdom and knowledge; according to the will she drinks the most tender love; and according to the memory she drinks refreshment and delight in the remembrance and feeling of glory. As for the first point — that the soul receives and drinks delight substantially — she herself says it in the Song of Songs in this way: Anima mea lique facta est, ut locutus est; which means: "My soul took delight as soon as the Bridegroom spoke to her."✦1415 This speaking refers to his communicating himself to the soul. The Bride says in the same book that the understanding drinks wisdom, when, longing to reach this kiss of Union and asking it of the Bridegroom, she said: Ibe me docebis, et dabo tibi poculum ex vino condito; that is: "There you will teach me—namely, wisdom and knowledge in love—and I will give you a drink of spiced wine, that is, my love seasoned with yours."✦16 As for the third point, that the will drinks love there, the Bride also says it in the Song of Songs, as already cited, saying: Introduxit me in cellam vinariam, ordinavit in me charitatem; which means: "He brought me into the secret wine cellar and ordered charity in me"; which is to say: "He gave me love to drink, once I was placed inside his love"; or more clearly, to speak properly: "He ordered his charity in me, adapting and appropriating his very charity to me."✦17 This is the soul drinking her Beloved's very love from him, her Beloved pouring it into her. Here it should be noted, about what some say—that the will can love only what the understanding first understands—that this applies to the natural order; because in the natural way it is impossible to love something if it is not understood first; but in the supernatural way God can certainly infuse love and increase it without infusing or increasing any distinct understanding, as the Scripture already cited makes clear. And many spiritual people have experienced it this way: they often find themselves burning with love of God without having any more distinct understanding than before—because they can understand little and love much, and they can understand much and love little. On the contrary, those spiritual people who don't have a very advanced understanding of God ordinarily tend to excel in the will, and infused faith is enough for them in place of intellectual knowledge; through that faith God infuses charity into them and increases it, and increases its act, which is loving more, even if their knowledge isn't increased, as we've said. And so the will can drink love without the understanding drinking any new intelligence. Still, in the case we're speaking of—where the soul says she drank of her Beloved—because it is union in the inner wine cellar, which involves all three faculties of the soul, as we've said, all of them drink together.1819 As for the fourth point—that the soul drinks of her Beloved in the memory—this is clear, because she is illumined with the light of the understanding in recollection of the goods she possesses and enjoys in union with her Beloved.

Going Out and Not Knowing

After the union, the soul goes out into the world and no longer knows anything, having been transformed by divine wisdom.

And when I went out. This divine drink so divinizes, lifts the soul, and soaks her with God that—when she was going out, that is, when this favor was ending—because although the soul is always in this high state of marriage once God has placed her in it, she is not, however, always in actual union according to the faculties already mentioned, though according to the substance of the soul she is.2021 But in this substantial union of the soul, the faculties are also very often united and drink in this wine cellar—the understanding by understanding and the will by loving, and so on. So when the soul now says 'when I was going out,' this does not refer to the essential or substantial union the soul already has—which is the state already named—but to the union of the faculties, which is not continuous in this life, and cannot be. Of this union, then, 'when I was going out across all this plain'—that is, across all this breadth of the world.22 I no longer knew anything The reason is that the drink of God's most high wisdom which she drank there makes her forget all worldly things, and it seems to the soul that everything she knew before—even everything the whole world knows—is pure ignorance compared to that knowing. To understand this better, you should know that the most essential reason for this not-knowing anything of the world on the soul's part, when she is in this state, is that she is informed by supernatural knowledge, before which all natural and worldly knowing is not so much knowing as not-knowing.23 Hence, once the soul is set in this most high knowing, she knows by it that all that other knowledge which does not share in this is not knowledge but not-knowing, and that there is nothing in it worth knowing; and she declares the truth of the Apostle's saying, that what is wisdom before human beings is folly before God: Sapientia enim hujus mundi stultitia est apud Deum.24 And that is why the soul says she no longer knew anything after she drank of that divine wisdom; and this truth cannot be known—how pure an ignorance the wisdom of human beings and of the whole world is, and how little it deserves to be known—except through this truth of God's being in the soul, communicating his wisdom to her and strengthening her with this drink of love so that she may see it clearly; as Solomon suggests when he says: Visio, quam locutus est vir, cum quo est Deus, et qui Deo secum morante confortatus ait: stultissimus sum virorum, et sapientia hominum non est mecum; that is: "This is the vision that the man with whom God is saw and spoke, and strengthened by the dwelling God makes in him, he said: I am the most foolish of all men, and their wisdom is not with me."25 This is because, while she is in that excess of God's high wisdom, the low wisdom of human beings is ignorance to her; for the very natural sciences and the very works God does, compared to what that wisdom is, amount to not knowing God—which is like knowing nothing—because where God is not known, nothing is known.26 Hence what is high in God is foolishness and madness to human beings, as Saint Paul also says.✦ For this reason the wise of God and the wise of the world are foolish to one another; because those of the world cannot perceive God's wisdom and knowledge, nor can those of God perceive the world's; since the world's, as we have said, is not-knowing with respect to God's, and God's with respect to the world's.27

Annihilated in Love

The soul is divinized and annihilated in love, losing all former knowledge and becoming a new person in God.

But beyond this, that divinization and lifting of the mind into God — in which the soul remains as if carried off and steeped in love, wholly made God — doesn't let her notice anything of the world; because she remains alienated and annihilated not only from all things, but even from herself, and as if gathered up and resolved into love, which consists in passing from herself to the Beloved.28 And so the Bride in the Song of Songs, after she had spoken of this transformation of her love into the Beloved, makes known this not-knowing in which she was left by the word nescivi, which means "I did not know." In this state the soul is, in a certain way, like Adam in innocence, who did not know what evil was; because she is so innocent that she doesn't understand evil or judge anything as evil, and she will hear very bad things and see them with her eyes and still won't be able to understand what they are; because she has in herself no habit of evil by which to judge it, God having scraped away the imperfect habits and the ignorance in which the evil of sin takes hold, with the perfect habit of true wisdom; and so, concerning this too, she already knew nothing.29 Such a soul will rarely meddle in other people's affairs, because she doesn't even remember her own; for this is a property the Spirit of God has in the soul where he dwells: he at once inclines her to ignore and not want to know about others' business, especially what isn't for her good; because the Spirit of God is gathered and turned toward the soul herself, more to draw her out of strange things than to set her among them; and so the soul is left not knowing things the way she used to. And it must not be understood that, although the soul remains in this not-knowing, she loses there the acquired habits of learning she had; for rather they are perfected in her by the most perfect habit—that of the supernatural knowledge infused into her—though these habits no longer reign in the soul so that she needs to know by means of them, though that does not keep her from doing so at times.30 For in this union of divine wisdom these habits are joined to the superior wisdom above the other sciences, just as when a small light joins a great one: the great light is what prevails and shines, and the small one is not lost—rather it is perfected—though it is not the one that shines principally. So I understand it will be in heaven: the habits of acquired knowledge that the just take with them will not be destroyed, and they will not matter much to them, since they know far more than that in the divine wisdom. But particular notions and forms of things and imaginary acts, and any other apprehension that has form and figure—she loses and ignores them all in that absorption of love; and this for two reasons: first, because as the soul remains actually absorbed and steeped in that drink of love, she cannot actually be occupied with anything else or attend to it; second and principally, because that transformation into God so conforms her to the simplicity and purity of God (in which no imaginary form or figure falls) that it leaves her clean and pure and empty of all the forms and figures she had before, purged and illumined with simple contemplation; just as the sun does to a windowpane: pouring into it, it makes it clear, and all the stains and motes that used to show in it disappear from sight; but once the sun is withdrawn, the mists and stains of before soon show in it again; yet for the soul, since the effect of that act of love remains and lasts for some time, the not-knowing lasts as well.31 So she cannot attend to anything in particular until the effect of that act of love passes—which, as it inflamed her and changed her into love, annihilated her and undid her in everything that was not love, as we understand from what we said above of David: Quia inflammatum est cor meum, et renes mei commutati sunt: et ego ad nihilum redactus sum, et nescivi—that is: Because my heart was inflamed, my reins too were changed together, and I was reduced to nothing and did not know.32 Because for the reins to be changed by this inflammation of the heart is for the soul to be changed, according to all her appetites and operations, into God—into a new manner of life already undone and annihilated of all the old she used before; which is why the Prophet says he was reduced to nothing and did not know. These are the two effects we said this drink from God's wine cellar causes; because not only is all her former knowing annihilated, everything seeming nothing to her, but her whole old life and imperfections are annihilated as well, and she is renewed as a new person; and this is the second effect, contained in this verse:

Losing the Flock

The soul loses all its former appetites and imperfections, which are consumed in the fire of divine love.

And I lost the flock I used to follow. You should know that until the soul reaches the state of perfection we're discussing, no matter how spiritual it may be, it always retains a small flock of appetites, petty tastes, and other personal imperfections—sometimes natural, sometimes spiritual—that it pursues, trying to feed them by following and satisfying them.33 As for the understanding, some imperfections usually remain—specifically, appetites for knowing. As for the will, they let themselves be carried away by some petty tastes and self-centered appetites: now in temporal things—like wanting to own a few little belongings and clinging more to some than to others, and some presumptions, self-regard, and petty points of honor they watch over, and other little things that still smell and taste of the world; now regarding natural things—as with food and drink, preferring this over that, choosing and wanting what's better; and also regarding spiritual things—like wanting consolations from God, and other trifling concerns that would never finish being listed, which imperfect spiritual people commonly have.3435 And as for the memory, it holds many distractions, cares, and irrelevant concerns that draw the soul after them. Concerning the four passions of the soul, it also has many useless hopes, joys, sorrows, and fears that the soul chases after; and of this flock already mentioned, some have more and others less, which they still pursue, following it until, going in to drink from this interior wine cellar, they lose it all, remaining, as we have said, all undone in love—and in that love these flocks of the soul's imperfections are easily consumed, just as rust and corrosion on metal are consumed in fire. And so the soul feels free of all the childish little tastes and idle concerns it used to chase after, so that it can truly say, "I lost the flock I used to follow."

Read the original Spanish

Anotación de la canción siguiente

¿Cuál pues, entenderemos que está el alma dichosa en este florido lecho, donde todas estas dichosas cosas y muchas más pasan, en el cual por reclinatorio tiene al Esposo, Hijo de Dios, y por cubierta y tendido la caridad y amor del mismo Esposo? De manera que de cierto puede decirse las palabras de la Esposa, que dice: Leva ejus sub capite meo; esto es: Su siniestra debajo de mi cabeza. Por lo cual, con verdad se podrá decir que esta alma está aquí vestida de Dios y bañada en divinidad, y no por cima, sino que en los interiores de su espíritu, estando revestida con deleites divinos con hartura de aguas espirituales de vida, experimenta lo que David dice de los que así están allegados a Dios; es a saber: Inebribuntur ab ubertate domus tuae, et torrente voluptatis tuae potabis eos, quoniam apud te est fons vitae; esto es: «Embriagarse han de la grosura de tu casa, y con el torrente de tu deleite darles has a beber, porque cerca de ti está la fuente de la vida». ¿Qué hartura será, pues, esta del alma en su ser, pues la bebida que le dan no es menos que un torrente de deleites, el cual torrente es el Espíritu Santo, que, como dice San Juan, es el río resplandeciente que nace de la silla de Dios y del Cordero? Et ostendit mihi fluvium aquaee vitae, splendidum tanquam cristallum, procedentem de sede Dei, et Agni. Cuyas aguas, por ser ella amor íntimo de Dios, íntimamente infunden al alma y le dan a beber el torrente de amor, que, como decimos, es el espíritu del Esposo, que se le infunde en esta unión; y por eso ella con grande abundancia de amor canta esta canción:

En la interior bodega De mi Amado bebí, y cuando salía, Por toda aquesta vega Ya cosa no sabía Y el ganado perdí que antes seguía.

DECLARACIÓN

Cuenta el alma en esta canción la soberana merced que Dios le hizo en recogerla en lo interior de su amor, que es la unión o transformación de amor en Dios; y dice dos efectos que de allí sacó, que son olvido y enajenación de todas las cosas del mundo, y mortificación de todos sus apetitos y gustos.

En la interior bodega.

Para decir algo de esta bodega, y declarar lo que aquí quiere decir o dar a entender el alma, era menester que el Espíritu Santo tomase la mano y moviese la pluma. Esta bodega que aquí dice el alma, es el último y más estrecho grado de amor en que el alma puede situarse en esta vida; que por eso la llama interior bodega, es a saber, la más interior; de donde se sigue que hay otras no tan interiores, que son los grados de amor por do se sube a este último. Y podemos decir que estos grados o bodegas de amor son siete, los cuales se vienen a tener todos cuando se tienen los siete dones del Espíritu Santo en perfección, en la manera que es capaz de recibirlos el alma; y así, cuando el alma llega a tener en perfección el espíritu de temor, tiene ya en perfección el espíritu del amor; por cuanto aquel temor, que es el último de los siete dones, es filial, y el temor perfecto de hijo sale de amor perfecto de padre; y así cuando la Escritura Divina quiere llamar a uno perfecto en caridad, le llama temeroso de Dios; de donde, profetizando Isaías la perfección de Cristo, dijo: Replebit eum spiritus timoris Domini; que quiere decir: Henchirle ha el espíritu del temor del Señor, y también San Lucas al santo Simeón le llamó timorato, diciendo: Homo iste justus, et timoratus. Y así de otros muchos.

Es de saber que muchas almas llegan y entran en la primera bodega, cada una según la perfección de amor que tiene; mas a esta última y más interior pocas llegan en esta vida, porque en ella es ya hecha la unión perfecta con Dios, que llaman matrimonio espiritual, del cual habla ya el alma en este lugar. Y lo que Dios comunica a un alma en esta estrecha junta, totalmente es indecible y no se puede decir nada; así como del mismo Dios no se puede decir algo que sea como él, porque el mismo Dios es el que se le comunica con admirable gloria de transformación de ella. Y en este estado están ambos en uno, como si dijéramos ahora la vidriera con el rayo del sol, o el carbón con el fuego, o la luz de las estrellas con la del sol; pero no tan esencial y acabadamente como en la otra vida: Y así, para dar a entender el alma lo que en aquella bodega de vino recibe de Dios, no dice otra cosa, ni entiendo se podrá decir algo de ello, que decir el verso siguiente:

De mi amado bebí.

Porque, así como la bebida se difunde y derrama por todos los miembros y venas del cuerpo, así se difunde esta comunicación de Dios sustancialmente en toda el alma, o por mejor decir, por el alma se transforma en Dios; según la cual transformación bebe el alma de su Dios, según la sustancia de ella y según sus potencias espirituales; porque según el entendimiento bebe Sabiduría y ciencia, y según la voluntad bebe amor suavísimo y según la memoria bebe recreación y deleite en recordación y sentimiento de gloria; cuanto a lo primero, que el alma reciba y beba deleite sustancialmente, dícelo ella en los Cantares en esta manera: Anima mea lique facta est, ut locutus est; que quiere decir: «mi alma se regaló luego que le habló el Esposo». El cual hablar aquí es comunicarse al alma.

Y que el entendimiento beba sabiduría, en el mismo libro lo dice la Esposa, donde, deseando ella llegar a este beso de Unión y pidiéndole al Esposo, dijo: Ibe me docebis, et dabo tibi poculum ex vino condito; esto es: Allí me enseñarás, es a saber, sabiduría y ciencia en amor, y yo te daré a ti una bebida de vino adobado, conviene a saber, mi amor adobado con el tuyo. Cuanto a lo tercero, que es que la voluntad bebe allí amor, dícela también la Esposa en los dichos Cantares, diciendo: Introduxit me in cellam vinariam, ordinavit in me charitatem; que quiere decir: Metiome dentro de la bodega secreta y ordenó en mí caridad; que es tanto como decir: Diome a beber amor, metida dentro de su amor, o más claramente, hablando con propiedad: Ordenó en mí su caridad, acomodando y apropiando a mí su misma caridad. Lo cual es beber el alma de su Amado su mesmo amor, infundiéndole su Amado.

Donde es de saber, acerca de lo que algunos dicen, que no puede amar la voluntad sino lo que primero entiende el entendimiento, lo cual se ha de entender naturalmente; porque por vía natural es imposible amar, si no se entiende primero lo que se ama; mas por vía sobrenatural bien puede Dios infundir amor y augmentarle, sin infundir ni augmentar distinta inteligencia como se da a entender en la autoridad dicha, y está así experimentados de muchos espirituales, los cuales muchas veces se ven arder en amor de Dios, sin tener distinta más inteligencia que antes; porque pueden entender poco y amar mucho, y pueden entender mucho y amar poco; antes ordinariamente aquellos espirituales que no tienen muy aventajado entendimiento cerca de Dios, suelen aventajarse en la voluntad, y bástales la fe infusa por ciencia de entendimiento, mediante la cual les infunde Dios, caridad y se le augmenta, y el acto de ella que es amar más, aunque no se le augmente la noticia, como habemos dicho; y así, puede la voluntad beber amor sin que el entendimiento beba de nuevo inteligencia; aunque en el caso de que vamos hablando, en que dice el alma que bebió de su Amado, por cuanto es unión en la interior bodega, la cual es según todas las tres potencias del alma, como habemos dicho, todas ellas beben juntamente. Cuanto a lo cuarto, que según la memoria, beba el alma allí de su Amado, está claro, porque está ilustrada con la luz del entendimiento en recordación de los bienes que está poseyendo y gozando en la unión de su Amado.

Y cuando salía.

Esta divina bebida tanto endiosa y levanta el alma y la embebe con Dios, que cuando salía, es a saber, cuando acababa esta merced de pasar; porque, aunque esté el alma siempre en este alto estado de matrimonio, después que Dios le ha puesto en él, no empero siempre en actual unión según las dichas potencias, aunque según la sustancia del alma sí. Pero en esta unión sustancial del alma muy frecuentemente se unen también las potencias y beben en esta bodega, el entendimiento entendiendo y la voluntad amando, etc. ; pues cuando ahora dice el alma cuando salía, no se entiende de la unión esencial o sustancial que tiene el alma ya, que es el estado dicho, sino la unión de las potencias, la cual no es continua en esta vida, ni lo puede ser. De esta, pues, «cuando salía por toda aquesta vega», es a saber, por toda aquesta anchura del mundo.

Ya cosa no sabía

La razón es, porque aquella bebida de altísima sabiduría de Dios que allí bebió le hace olvidar todas las cosas del mundo, y le parece al alma que lo que antes sabía, y aun lo que sabe todo el mundo, es pura ignorancia en comparación de aquel saber. Para mejor entender esto, es de saber que la causa más formal de este no saber del alma cosa del mundo, cuando está en este puesto, es quedar ella informada de la ciencia sobrenatural delante de la cual todo el saber natural y político del mundo antes es no saber que saber. De donde, puesto el alma en este altísimo saber, conoce por él que todo estotro saber que no sabe a aquello no es saber, sino no saber, y que no hay qué saber en ello; y declara la verdad del dicho del Apóstol, que dice que lo que es sabiduría delante de los hombres es estulticia delante de Dios: Sapientia enim hujus mundi stultitia est apud Deum. Y por eso dice el alma que ya no sabía cosa después que bebió de aquella sabiduría divina; y no se puede conocer esta verdad, como es pura ignorancia en la sabiduría de los hombres y de todo el mundo, y cuán digno es de no ser sabido sino con esta verdad de estar Dios en el alma, comunicándole su sabiduría y confortándola con esta bebida de amor para que lo vea claro; según lo da a entender Salomón, diciendo: Visio, quam locutus est vivir, cum quo est Deus, et qui Deo secum morante confortatus ait: stultissimus sum virorum, et sapientia hominum non est mecum; esto es: «Esta es la visión que vio y habló el varón con quien está Dios, y confortado por la morada que Dios hace en él, dijo: Insipientísimo son sobre todos los hombres y varones, y la sabiduría de ellos no está conmigo». Lo cual es porque, estando en aquel exceso de sabiduría alta de Dios, esle ignorancia la baja de los hombres; porque las mismas ciencias naturales y las mismas obras que Dios hace, delante de lo que es no saber a Dios es como no saber, porque donde no se sabe Dios no se sabe nada. De donde lo alto de Dios es insipiencia y locura para los hombres, como también dice San Pablo. Por lo cual los sabios de Dios y los del mundo son insipientes los unos para los otros; porque ni los unos pueden percibir la sabiduría de Dios y su ciencia, ni los otros la del mundo; por cuanto la del mundo, como habemos dicho, es no saber acerca de la de Dios, y la de Dios acerca de la del mundo.

Pero, demás de esto, aquel endiosamiento y levantamiento de mente en Dios, en que queda el alma como robada y embebida en amor, toda hecha un Dios, no la deja advertir a cosa alguna del mundo; porque, no sólo de todas las cosas, mas aun de sí queda enajenada y aniquilada, y como resumida y resuelta en amor, que consiste en pasar de sí al Amado. Y así, la Esposa en los Cantares, después que había tratado de esta transformación de amor suya en el Amado, da a entender éste no saber con qué quedó por esta palabra nescivi, que quiere decir no supe. Está el alma en este puesto, en cierta manera, como Adán en la inocencia, que no sabía qué cosa era mal; porque está tan inocente, que no entiende el mal ni juzga cosa a mal, y oirá cosas muy malas y las verá con sus ojos, y no podrá entender lo que son; porque no tiene en sí hábito de mal por donde lo juzgue, habiéndolo Dios raído los hábitos imperfectos y la ignorancia en que cae el mal del pecado con el hábito perfecto de la verdadera sabiduría; y así, también acerca de esto ya cosa no sabía.

Esta tal alma poco se entremeterá en las cosas ajenas, porque aun de las suyas no se acuerda; porque esta propiedad tiene el Espíritu de Dios en el alma donde mora, que luego la inclina a ignorar y no querer saber las cosa ajenas, mayormente las que no son para su provecho; porque el Espíritu de Dios es recogido y convertido a la misma alma, antes para sacarla de las cosas extrañas que para ponerla en ellas; y así, se queda el alma en un no saber cosa en la manera que solía. Y no se ha de entender que, aunque el alma queda en este no saber, que pierde allí los hábitos de las ciencias adquisitos que tenía; porque antes se le perficionan con el más perfecto hábito, que es el de la ciencia sobrenatural que se le ha infundido, aunque ya estos hábitos no reinan en el alma, de manera que tenga necesidad de saber por ellos, aunque no impide que algunas veces sea. Porque en esta unión de sabiduría divina se juntan estos hábitos con la sabiduría superior de las otras ciencias, así como, juntándose una luz pequeña con otra grande, que la grande es la que priva y luce, y la pequeña no se pierde, antes se perficiona, aunque no es la que principalmente luce; así entiendo que será en el cielo, que no se romperán los hábitos que los justos llevaren de ciencia adquisita, y que no les harán mucho al caso, sabiendo ellos más que eso en la sabiduría divina. Pero las noticias y formas particulares de las cosas y actos imaginarios, y cualquiera otra aprehensión que tenga forma y figura, todo los pierde e ignora en aquel absorbimiento de amor; y esto por dos causas: la primera porque como actualmente queda absorta y embebida el alma en aquella bebida de amor, no puede estar en otra cosa actualmente ni advertir a ella; la segunda y principal, porque aquella transformación en Dios, de tal manera la conforma con la sencillez y pureza de Dios (en la eua no cae forma ni figura imaginaria), que la deja limpia y pura, y vacía de todas formas y figuras que antes tenía, purgada e ilustrada con sencilla contemplación; así como hace el sol en la vidriera, que infundiéndose en ella la hace clara, y se pierden de vista todas las máculas y motas que antes en ella parecían; pero vuelto a quitar el sol, luego vuelven a parecer en ella las nieblas y máculas de antes; mas el alma, como le queda y dura algún tanto el efecto de aquel acto de amor, dura también el no saber. De manera que no puede advertir en particular cosa ninguna hasta que pase el efecto de aquel acto de amor, el cual, como la inflamó y mudó en amor, aniquilola y deshízola en todo lo que no era amor, según se entiende por aquello que dijimos arriba de David: Quia inflammatum est cor meum, et renes mei commutatis sunt: et ego ad nihilum redactus sum, et nescivi; es a saber: Porque fue inflamado mi corazón, también mis renes se mudaron juntamente, y yo fuí resuelto en nada y no supe. Porque mudarse las renes por causa de esta inflamación del corazón es mudarse el alma, según todos sus apetitos y operaciones en Dios, en una nueva manera de vida deshecha ya y aniquilada de todo lo viejo que antes usaba; por lo cual dice el Profeta que fue resuelto en nada y que no supo; que son los dos efectos que decíamos que causaba la bebida de esta bodega de Dios; porque no sólo se aniquila todo su saber primero, pareciéndole todo nada, mas también toda su vida vieja e imperfecciones se aniquilan y se renueva en nuevo hombre; que es este segundo efecto, contenido en este verso:

Y el ganado perdí, que antes seguía.

Es de saber que hasta que el alma llegue a este estado de perfección, de que vamos hablando, aunque más espiritual sea, siempre le queda algún ganadillo de apetitos y gustillos y otras imperfecciones suyas, ora naturales y ora espirituales, tras de que se anda, procurando apacentarlos, en seguirlos y cumplirlos. Porque acerca del entendimiento suelen quedarle algunas imperfecciones de apetitos de saber. Acerca de la voluntad se dejan llevar de algunos gustillos y apetitos propios, ora en lo temporal, como poseer algunas cosillas y asirse más a unas que a otras, y algunas presunciones, estimaciones y puntillos en que miran, y otras cosillas que todavía güelen y saben a mundo; ora cerca de lo natural, como en la comida, bebida, gustar de esto más que de aquello, escoger y querer lo mejor, ora también cerca de lo espiritual, como querer gustos de Dios, y otras impertinencias que nunca se acabarían de decir, que suelen tener los espirituales no perfectos. Y acerca de la memoria, muchas variedades y cuidados y advertencias impertinentes, las cuales llevan al alma tras sí.

Tiene también acerca de las cuatro pasiones del alma muchas esperanzas, gozos, dolores y temores inútiles, tras de que se va el alma; y de este ganado ya dicho, unos tienen más y otros menos, tras de que se andan todavía, siguiéndolo hasta que, entrándose a beber en esta interior bodega, lo pierden todo, quedando, como habemos dicho, deshechos todos en amor; en la cual fácilmente se consumen estos ganados de imperfecciones del alma, de la manera que el orín y moho de los metales en el fuego. Y así, se siente libre el alma de todas niñerías de gustillos e impertinencias tras de que se andaba, de manera que pueda bien decir «El ganado perdí que antes seguía».

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Rev.22.1 — Then he showed me a river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb.
  2. ↩Isa.11.2-Isa.11.3 — And the Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon him—the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD. Isa.11.3 — And his delight shall be in the fear of the LORD. He shall not judge by what his eyes see, nor decide by what his ears hear.
  3. ↩Luke.2.25 — And behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon, and this man was righteous and devout, looking for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him.
  4. ↩Song.5.6 — I opened to my beloved, but my beloved had turned away and gone. My soul went out when he spoke. I sought him, but I did not find him; I called him, but he did not answer me.
  5. ↩Song.8.2 — I would lead you and bring you to my mother's house— she who taught me. I would give you spiced wine to drink, the nectar of my pomegranates.
  6. ↩Song.2.4 — He brought me to the house of wine, and his banner over me is love.
  7. ↩1Cor.2.14 — But the natural person does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him, and he is not able to understand them, because they are spiritually discerned.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩reclinatorio rendered as 'pillow' (headrest); cubierta y tendido as 'cover and bedding,' preserving the bridal-bed image.
  2. 2 ↩Source reads 'Leva'; standard Vulgate Song of Songs has 'Laeva' (left hand). Translated from the accompanying Spanish gloss 'siniestra'.
  3. 3 ↩no por cima rendered as 'not merely on the surface,' contrasting exterior with the soul's interiors.
  4. 4 ↩Source has 'aquaee' and 'cristallum'; translated from the intended Vulgate readings aquae and crystallum (Rev 22:1).
  5. 5 ↩ella taken as referring to the waters (aguas) identified with God's intimate love / the Spirit's outpouring.
  6. 6 ↩bodega: rendered as 'wine cellar,' the Sanjuanist mystical image of intimate drinking of the Beloved (cf. Song of Songs cellam vinariam), not a storeroom or shop.
  7. 7 ↩Spanish merced here is the gracious divine gift/favor (not misericordia as compassion); rendered as favor. enajenación is mystical alienation/estrangement from creatures, not economic alienation.
  8. 8 ↩bodega: Song-of-Songs mystical image; rendered as wine cellar (not storehouse). interior intensifies to innermost, matching San Juan’s later gloss that this is the most interior degree of love.
  9. 9 ↩estrecho rendered as 'intimate' (close/tight degree of love); also possible as 'narrowest' in ascent imagery.
  10. 10 ↩caridad rendered as 'charity' for the theological virtue; 'temeroso de Dios' / 'timorato' as 'God-fearing'.
  11. 11 ↩Source gloss 'Henchirle ha' modernized to 'He will fill him'; Latin scriptural citations kept as in the Spanish text.
  12. 12 ↩estrecha junta rendered as 'close joining' to keep the union sense without flattening it to a generic relationship.
  13. 13 ↩vidriera rendered as 'windowpane' (glass lit through by the sun), the usual Sanjuanist image.
  14. 14 ↩The Latin citation is preserved as in the Spanish witness. It appears to split liquefacta as "lique facta" and to shorten the usual Song 5:6 wording (Anima mea liquefacta est, ut dilectus locutus est).
  15. 15 ↩San Juan glosses the Latin liquefacta with se regaló (took delight / was refreshed), not with a literal "melted." The English follows his Spanish paraphrase.
  16. 16 ↩Latin citation reads "Ibe me docebis"; the intended Vulgate reading is almost certainly "Ibi me docebis" (Song 8:2), which matches the Spanish gloss "Allí me enseñarás".
  17. 17 ↩"caridad" / "charitatem" rendered as charity because the Song citation and the ordering/appropriation language treat the theological virtue; John immediately equates it with drinking love (amor).
  18. 18 ↩Spanish caridad is rendered as charity for the infused theological virtue; its act is rendered as loving (amar).
  19. 19 ↩noticia here means knowledge/awareness of God, not news; rendered as knowledge.
  20. 20 ↩Spanish endiosa (from endiosar): to divinize / make godlike. Kept as "divinizes" for San Juan's technical sense of participation in God, not mere exaltation of feeling.
  21. 21 ↩actual unión: union in act (operative union of the faculties), as distinct from the habitual/substantial union of the soul's substance in spiritual marriage.
  22. 22 ↩vega: fertile plain/meadow in the poem's landscape diction; rendered "plain" to keep the open-breadth sense made explicit by anchura del mundo.
  23. 23 ↩«causa más formal» kept as 'most essential reason' (scholastic formal cause: the proper constituting reason). «político» rendered as 'worldly' (civil/public learning of human affairs, not partisan politics). «informada de» keeps the scholastic sense of being inwardly formed/informed by a higher knowledge.
  24. 24 ↩«no sabe a aquello» uses the Spanish savor/taste idiom (saber a): knowledge that does not savor of / taste of the divine knowing.
  25. 25 ↩Quoted Latin in the source has corrupt «vivir»; translated from the intended «vir» (Visio, quam locutus est vir...), matching the Spanish gloss and Prov 30:1–3. Source Spanish gloss has «Insipientísimo son»; rendered as first person «I am» to match Latin «stultissimus sum» and the sense of the Solomon citation.
  26. 26 ↩Dense clause «delante de lo que es no saber a Dios es como no saber» parsed as: compared with what that high wisdom is, natural sciences and even God's works amount to not knowing God, and not knowing God is like knowing nothing. Alternate punctuation («delante de lo que es, no saber a Dios...») is possible.
  27. 27 ↩«ni los unos... ni los otros...» assigned by sense (unos = worldly wise who cannot perceive God's wisdom; otros = God's wise who cannot perceive the world's), not by first-mention order.
  28. 28 ↩endiosamiento rendered as divinization (mystical deification by participation); toda hecha un Dios kept as wholly made God, not softened to mere likeness.
  29. 29 ↩hábito kept as habit in the scholastic sense (ingrained disposition), not custom or addiction.
  30. 30 ↩The source clause ends abruptly at 'aunque no impide que algunas veces sea.' The rendering 'though that does not keep her from doing so at times' supplies the most plausible intended sense (occasional use of the acquired habits).
  31. 31 ↩Source reading 'en la eua no cae forma ni figura imaginaria' treated as corrupt for 'en la cual' ('in which'); translated accordingly.
  32. 32 ↩'Renes' / 'reins' kept to preserve the biblical and San Juanine sense of the soul's appetites and inmost affections; the author's own Spanish gloss is followed.
  33. 33 ↩Diminutive of ganado ('flock/herd'), continuing the song's pastoral image from 'El ganado perdí'; 'little flock' keeps the metaphor rather than flattening it to 'remnants' or 'leftovers'.
  34. 34 ↩Diminutive of punto: petty points of honor or punctilios of self-regard, not mere 'details'.
  35. 35 ↩Sensory metaphor retained: still smell and taste of the world (güelen = huelen).

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