Canción X
The Soul's Love-Sickness
The soul, sick with love for God, loses taste for all else and suffers from worldly dealings, as illustrated by the Bride in the Song of Songs.
Annotation of the following song So when the soul is at this stage of love, it's like a very sick and exhausted person who, having lost all taste and appetite, is disgusted by every dish and finds everything bothersome and irritating; in everything that comes to its mind, senses, or sight, it keeps in mind only one craving and desire—for its health—and anything that doesn't serve that end feels bothersome and heavy to it. So this soul, having reached this sickness of love for God, has three properties: namely, that in everything it encounters and everything it deals with, it always keeps in mind that aching cry for its health—its Beloved; and so, even though it has to deal with those things because it can't do otherwise, its heart is always in him.1 And from that comes the second property: that it has lost its taste for all things. And from this also follows the third: that all of them are bothersome to it, and any dealings at all feel heavy and irritating. The reason for all this, drawn from what has been said, is that since the palate of the soul's will is touched and flavored by this food of the love of God, in whatever thing or dealing is offered to it, immediately—without looking to any other taste or consideration—the will leans toward seeking and enjoying its Beloved in that thing; as Mary Magdalene did when, with burning love, she went looking for him through the garden, and thinking he was the gardener, without any other reason or deliberation, said to him: "If you have taken him, tell me, and I will take him"; Si tu sustulisti eum, dicito mihi ubi posuisti eum, et ego eum tollam.2 Carrying such a longing to find him in all things, and not finding him at once as it desires (rather, quite the opposite), this soul not only takes no pleasure in them, but they are even a torment to it—and sometimes a very great one—because souls like this suffer greatly in dealing with people and other affairs, since those things hinder them more than they help them toward their aim.3 The Bride clearly demonstrates these three properties when she was seeking her Bridegroom in the Song of Songs, saying: Quaesivi, et non inveni illum — "I sought him, and I did not find him." . . invenerunt me custodes qui circumeunt civitatem: percusserunt me, et vulneraverunt me: tulerunt pallium meum mihi — "The watchmen who go about the city found me; they struck me and wounded me; they took my cloak from me"; "I sought him and did not find him; but those who go about the city found me, and the guards of the walls took my cloak from me."4 For those who go about the city are the dealings of the world, and when they find the soul that seeks God, they inflict many wounds of sorrow, pain, and vexation; for not only does the soul not find in them what it wants — they actively block it.5 And those who guard the wall of contemplation to keep the soul from entering it — namely, the demons and the world's affairs — strip away the cloak of the peace and quiet of loving contemplation; from all of which the soul in love with God receives a thousand irritations and vexations, and seeing that as long as it remains in this life without seeing its God it cannot ease them in the least or in any great degree, it goes on pleading with its Beloved, and says in the following song:6
The Plea for the Beloved's Presence
The soul begs the Beloved to quench its vexations and appear before its eyes, emphasizing that only He can satisfy its longing.
Quench my troubles, since no one else can undo them; and let my eyes see you, for you are their light, and I want to keep them only for you.7 Explanation So she continues in the present song, asking the Beloved to put an end now to her longings and pains—for no one else can do this except him alone—and that it be in such a way that the eyes of her soul can see him, for he alone is the light in which they look. She does not want to use them for anything else but him alone, saying:✦8 Quench my vexations.9 So the craving of love has this property, as already said: anything that doesn't act or speak in line with what the will loves tires it, wears it out, and vexes it, and leaves it sour and displeased when it doesn't see what it wants fulfilled. And this, along with the weariness it feels from longing to see God, is what it here calls vexations—which nothing is enough to undo except possession of the Beloved.10 That's why she asks him to quench them with his presence, refreshing them all, as cool water does for someone worn out by the heat. And that's why she uses the word 'quench' here: to make it clear that she is suffering with the fire of love.11 For no one can undo them.12 To further move and persuade the Beloved to grant her petition, the soul says that since no one but him is enough to satisfy her need, he himself should be the one who removes her distresses.1314 It should be noted here that God is then quite ready to console the soul and satisfy her in her needs and afflictions, when she neither has nor seeks any other satisfaction or consolation other than him; and so the soul that has nothing else to occupy her but God can go a long time without a visitation from the Beloved.15
The Light of the Soul's Eyes
The soul desires to see God face to face, calling Him the light of its eyes, and pledges to keep its gaze solely on Him.
And appear before my eyes. That is, may I see you face to face with the eyes of my soul. For you are their light.✦ Besides the fact that God is the supernatural light of the eyes of the soul, without which it is in darkness, she here calls him, out of affection, the light of her eyes, just as a lover usually calls the one he loves the light of his eyes, to show the affection he has for him; and so it is as if she were saying in the two verses mentioned above: Since the eyes of my soul have no other light, either by nature or by love, but you, "Come before my eyes," for in every way you are the light of them. David missed this light when he said with sorrow: The light of my eyes is not with me; Et lumen oculorum meorum, et ipsum non est mecum.✦ And Tobit, when he said: What joy can be mine, since I sit in darkness and do not see the light of heaven? What joy will be mine, I who sit in darkness and do not see the light of heaven?16 In this, he longed for the clear vision of God, because the light of heaven is the Son of God, as Saint John says in the Apocalypse: The heavenly city has no need of sun or moon to shine in it, for the glory of God lights it, and its lamp is the Lamb; Et civitas non eget sole, neque luna ut luceant ea: nam claritas Dei illuminavit eam, et lucerna ejus est agnus.✦17 And I want to keep them only for you.18 In this, the soul wants to bind the Bridegroom to let her see this light of her eyes — not only because without any other she will be in darkness, but also because she doesn't want to keep them for anything but him. For just as the soul that wants to set the eyes of its will on another light of possessive attachment to something outside God is justly deprived of this divine light — because in that it occupies the sight meant to receive His light — so too it is fitting that the light be given to the soul that closes those eyes to all things in order to open them only to God.19
Read the original Spanish
Anotación de la canción siguiente
Estando, pues, el alma en este término de amor, está como un enfermo muy fatigado que, teniendo perdido el gusto y apetito, todos los manjares fastidia y todas las cosas le molestan y enojan; sólo en todas las que se le ofrecen al pensamiento y al sentido o a la vista tiene presente un solo apetito y deseo, que es de su salud, y todo lo que a esto no hace le es molesto y pesado. De donde esta alma, por haber llegado a esta dolencia de amor de Dios, tiene estas tres propiedades, es a saber, que en todas las cosas que se le ofrecen y trata, siempre tiene presente aquel ay de su salud, que es su amado; y así, aunque por no poder más ande en ellas, en él tiene siempre el corazón. Y de ahí sale la segunda propiedad, que es tener perdido el gusto a todas las cosas. Y de aquí también se sigue la tercera, que es serle todas ellas molestas, y cualesquier tratos pesados y enojosos. La razón de todo esto, sacándola de lo dicho, es que, como el paladar de la voluntad del alma anda tocado y saboreado con este manjar de amor de Dios, en cualquiera cosa y trato que se le ofrece, luego in continenti, sin mirar otro gusto y respecto, se inclina la voluntad a buscar y gozar en aquello a su Amado; como hizo María Magdalena cuando con ardiente amor andaba buscándole por el huerto, que, pensando que era hortelano, sin otra razón ni acuerdo, le dijo: Si tú le tomaste, dímelo y yo le tomaré; Si tu sustulisti eum, dicito mihi ubi posuisti eum, et ego eum tollam. Trayendo semejante ansia esta alma de hallarle en todas las cosas, y no hallándole luego como desea (antes muy al revés), no sólo no las gusta, más aún, le son tormento, y a veces muy grande, porque semejantes almas padecen mucho en tratar con la gente y otros negocios, porque antes les estorban que les ayudan a su pretensión.
Estas tres propiedades da bien a entender la Esposa que tenía ella cuando buscaba a su Esposo, en los Cantares, diciendo: Quaesivi, et non inveni illum. . . invenerunt me custodes qui circumeunt civitatem: percusserunt me, et vulneraverunt me: tulerunt pallium meum mihi; «Busquéle y no le hallé; pero halláronme los que rodean la ciudad, y las guardas de los muros me quitaron mi manto». Porque los que rodean la ciudad son los tratos del mundo, los cuales, cuando hallan al alma que busca a Dios, le hacen muchas llagas de dolores, penas y disgustos; porque, no solamente no halla en ellos lo que quiere, sino antes se lo impiden. Y los que defienden el muro de la contemplación para que el alma no entre en ella, que son los demonios y negociaciones del mundo, quitan el manto de la paz y quietud de la amorosa contemplación; de todo lo cual el alma enamorada de Dios recibe mil desabrimientos y enojos, de los cuales, viendo que en tanto que está en esta vida sin ver a su Dios no puede aliviarse en poco o en mucho de ellos, prosigue los ruegos con su Amado, y dice en la canción siguiente:
Apaga mis enojos, Pues que ninguno basta a deshacellos, Y véante mis ojos, Pues eres lumbre de ellos, Y sólo para ti quiero tenellos.
DECLARACIÓN
Prosigue, pues, en la presente canción pidiendo al Amado quiera ya poner término a sus ansias y penas; pues no hay otro que baste sino sólo él para hacerlo, y que sea de manera que le puedan ver los ojos de su alma, pues sólo él es la luz en que ellos miren, y ella no les quiere emplear tu otra cosa sino sólo en él, diciendo:
Apaga mis enojos.
Tiene, pues, esta propiedad la concupiscencia del amor, como queda dicho, que todo lo que no hace o dice y conviene con aquello que ama la voluntad, la cansa, fatiga y enoja, y la pone desabrida, no viendo cumplirse lo que ella quiere, y a esto y a las fatigas que tiene por ver a Dios, llama aquí enojos; los cuales ninguna cosa hasta para deshacerlos, sino la posesión del Amado. Por lo cual dice que los apague él con su presencia, refrigerándolos todos, como lo hace el agua fresca al que está fatigado del calor; y por eso usa aquí de este vocablo apaga, para dar a entender que ella está padeciendo con fuego de amos.
Pues que ninguno basta a deshacellos.
Para mover y persuadir más el alma a que cumpla su petición el Amado, dice que, pues otro ninguno sino él basta a satisfacer su necesidad, que sea él quien apague sus enojos. Donde es de notar que entonces está Dios bien presto para consolar al alma y satisfacerla en sus necesidades y penas, cuando ella no tiene ni pretende otra satisfacción ni consuelo fuera de él; y así, el alma que no tiene cosa que la entretenga fuera de Dios, puede estar mucho sin visitación del Amado.
Y ve ante mis ojos
Esto es, véate yo cara a cara con los ojos de mi alma.
Pues eres lumbre de ellos.
Demás de que Dios es lumbre sobrenatural de los ojos del alma, sin la cual está en tinieblas, llámale ella aquí por afición lumbre de sus ojos, al modo que él amante suele llamar al que ama lumbre de sus ojos, para mostrar la afición que le tiene; y así, es como si dijera en los dos versos sobredichos: Pues los ojos de mi alma no tienen otra lumbre, ni por naturaleza ni por amor, sino a ti, «Ve ante mis ojos», que de todas maneras eres lumbre de ellos. Esta lumbre echaba menos David cuando con lástima decía: la lumbre de mis ojos no está conmigo; Et lumen oculorum meorum, et ipsum non est mecum. Y Tobías cuando dijo: ¿Qué gozo podrá ser el mío, pues estoy sentado en las tinieblas y no veo la lumbre del cielo? Quale gaudium mihi erit, qui in tenebris sedeo, et lumen Coeli non video? En lo cual deseaba la clara visión de Dios, porque la lumbre del cielo es el Hijo de Dios, según lo dice San Juan en el Apocalipsis, diciendo: La ciudad celestial no tiene necesidad de sol ni de luna que luzcan en ella, porque la claridad de Dios la alumbra, y la lucerna de ella es el Cordero; Et civitas non eget sole, neque luna ut luceant ea: nam claritas Dei illuminavit eam, et lucerna ejus est agnus.
Y sólo para ti quiero tenellos.
En lo cual quiere el alma obligar al Esposo a que le deje ver esta lumbre de sus ojos, no sólo porque no teniendo otra estará en tinieblas, sino también porque no los quiere tener para otra ninguna cosa que para él. Porque así como justamente es privada de aquesta divina luz el alma que quiere poner los ojos de su voluntad en otra lumbre de propiedad de alguna cosa fuera de Dios, porque en ello ocupa la vista para recibir su lumbre; así también congruamente merece que se le dé al alma que a todas las cosas cierra los dichos sus ojos, para abrirlos sólo a Dios.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Ps.36.9 — They drink their fill of the abundance of your house, and from your river of delights you give them drink.
- ↩Ps.38.11;Ps.39.10 — My heart pounds, my strength has left me; even the light in my eyes — it is no longer with me. Ps.39.10 — I am silent; I will not open my mouth, for you have done this.
- ↩Ps.37.11;Ps.38.10 — But the humble shall inherit the land, and they will delight themselves in the abundance of peace. Ps.38.10 — Lord, before you is all my longing, and my groaning has not been hidden from you.
- ↩Rev.21.23 — And the city has no need of the sun or the moon to shine in it, for the glory of God illuminated it, and its lamp is the Lamb.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish «ay» is the sick person's groan of longing; rendered as "aching cry" rather than left untranslated.
- 2 ↩Latin in continenti in the Spanish source rendered as "immediately." The Spanish Gospel paraphrase is translated; the accompanying Latin citation is preserved verbatim.
- 3 ↩Older Spanish «pretensión» here means aim/purpose, not modern English "pretension."
- 4 ↩The Spanish guillemet quote restates the whole seeking-and-watchmen passage (including Quaesivi from s1) more freely than the Latin alone; English follows Juan's Spanish for the second half and the Latin sense for the striking/wounding clause.
- 5 ↩tratos del mundo: worldly dealings/business and social commerce, not merely 'treatments' or conversations.
- 6 ↩enojos / desabrimientos: vexations and bitter irritations from being blocked from contemplative union, continuous with the 'enojos' of the next stanza; not mere anger.
- 7 ↩enojos: here the soul's vexations and restless afflictions from not seeing God (cf. previous section's desabrimientos y enojos), not mere anger.
- 8 ↩Source reads "emplear tu otra cosa"; treated as the intended "emplear en otra cosa" ("use them for anything else").
- 9 ↩In this song, enojos names the soul’s love-troubles and weary longing to see God, not ordinary anger; apaga keeps the quench/fire image developed in the following commentary.
- 10 ↩Source reads "hasta para deshacerlos"; sense and following section ("ninguno basta a deshacellos") strongly favor "basta". Translated as "is enough".
- 11 ↩Source ends "fuego de amos"; context requires "amor" (or possibly "amores"). Translated as "fire of love".
- 12 ↩deshacellos is an early-modern spelling of deshacerlos ('undo/do away with them'), referring to the enojos (vexations of longing) named in the preceding section.
- 13 ↩Enojos here are the vexations and fatigues of longing to see God (as the preceding declaration defines), not ordinary anger; "puts out" keeps the quench metaphor of apaga.
- 14 ↩Spanish word order ("persuadir más el alma a que cumpla su petición el Amado") is compressed; rendered as the soul speaking in order to move the Beloved to grant her petition, which matches the commentary frame.
- 15 ↩Visitación retains the mystical sense of a gracious coming of the Beloved, not a mere social visit.
- 16 ↩Source sentence is the Latin Vulgate citation paralleling the Spanish Tobit paraphrase in s3; rendered here in Modern Readable English.
- 17 ↩claridad renders Latin claritas; given as "glory" to keep the familiar Revelation cadence, while remaining faithful to Juan's sense of divine brightness.
- 18 ↩tenellos is archaic Spanish for tenerlos (‘to have/keep them’); in context, ‘them’ are the eyes of the soul from the preceding stanza and commentary.
- 19 ↩propiedad is San Juan’s technical term for proprietary/possessive attachment to a creature; rendered here as “possessive attachment,” not legal ownership.
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