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Chapter 26TeresaVida.1.26

Capítulo XXV

The Nature of Divine Locutions

Teresa explains how God speaks to the soul through distinct, irresistible interior words, and she distinguishes this from the intellect's own fabrications by describing the effects, clarity, and authority of divine speech.

In which she treats of the way and manner these words that God speaks to the soul without being heard are understood, and of some deceptions that can arise in this; and how one will recognize when that is the case. It is of great benefit for anyone who finds themselves at this level of prayer, as it is explained very clearly and with abundant teaching. I think it would be helpful to explain what this speaking that God does to the soul is like, and what she feels, so that Your Reverence can understand it. Because from the time I mentioned when the Lord granted me this favor, it has been very common up to now, as will be seen in what remains to be said.1 These are words that are very clearly formed, but they aren't heard with the bodily ears; instead, they're understood far more clearly than if they were heard. And refusing to understand them, no matter how hard you resist, is useless.2 Because here on earth, when we don't want to hear, we can cover our ears or turn our attention to something else, so that even if we hear it, we don't understand it. In this speaking that God does to the soul, there is no remedy at all: even if it pains me, I'm made to listen, and the understanding is left so wholly intact for grasping what God wants us to understand that wanting or not wanting is of no use. Because the One who can do all things wants us to understand that what He wills must be done, and He shows Himself to be our true Lord. I've thoroughly experienced this, because my resistance lasted almost two years, given the great fear I carried; and even now I sometimes still try to resist, but it does me little good. I'd like to lay out the deceptions that can arise here, though for anyone with a great deal of experience it seems to me there will be few or none; but the experience has to be great, and so does the difference between when it's a good spirit and when it's a bad one—or how it can also be an apprehension of the understanding itself, which could happen, or the spirit speaking to itself: I don't know whether that can be, but even today it's seemed to me that it can. When it's from God, I've thoroughly proven it in many things that were told me two and three years beforehand, and all of them have come true, and up to now not one has turned out to be a lie; and other things where you can clearly see it's the spirit of God, as will be said later. It seems to me that a person, while committing something to God with great affection and with the mind strongly seized by it, could seem to understand something about whether it will happen or not — and that is quite impossible; yet anyone who has understood in this other way will see clearly what it is, because the difference is very great. And if it's something the intellect fabricates, however subtle it may be, one can tell that one is arranging something oneself, and that one is the one speaking. For it's nothing other than arranging the talk yourself, or listening to what someone else says to you — and the intellect will see that then it isn't listening, since it's at work, and the words it fabricates are like something muffled and fantasized, without the clarity of these others. And here it's in our power to turn aside, just as we can fall silent when we're speaking; with the other, there's no stopping it. And another sign, greater than all the rest: that it produces no effect, because this other kind — what the Lord speaks — is words and works. And even if the words aren't of devotion but of reproof, at the first they dispose a soul and prepare it and soften it and give it light and delight it and quiet it; and if it was in dryness or turmoil and unrest of soul, it's taken away as if by hand — and even better, for it seems the Lord wants it understood that He is powerful, and that His words are works. It seems to me the difference is exactly that between speaking and listening — neither more nor less; because what I say, as I've said, I go arranging with the intellect as I speak, but if someone speaks to me, I do nothing but listen, with no effort at all. The one goes along like something we can't quite make out, as if like someone half asleep; the other is a voice so clear that not a syllable of what's said is lost. And it sometimes happens that the intellect and soul are so stirred up and distracted that they couldn't put together a sound argument, and yet they find great sayings already prepared for them, spoken to them, that even when very recollected they couldn't have reached — and at the first word, as I say, they change the soul entirely. Especially if it's in rapture, when the faculties are suspended: how could things be understood that hadn't even come into the memory before? How could they come then, when it barely operates at all, and the imagination is as if stupefied? Understand that when visions are seen, or when these words are understood, it never happens, in my view, while the soul is united in that same rapture; for in that time (as I've already explained, I believe, in the second water) all the faculties are completely lost, and in my view neither seeing nor understanding nor hearing is possible there.3 She is entirely under another power, and in this time, which is very brief, it doesn't seem to me that the Lord leaves her any freedom at all. Once this brief time has passed — while the soul still remains in the rapture — what I mean is this: the faculties are left in such a state that although they aren't lost, they do almost nothing; they are as if absorbed, and unable to put reasons together. There are so many ways to tell the difference that if you were deceived once, it won't be many times.4 And I say that if it's a practiced soul and stays alert, it will see this very clearly; because, leaving aside other signs by which you can see what I've said, such words have no effect, and the soul doesn't admit them: because this other kind, like it or not, is given no credit; rather, you understand that it's the understanding running wild — almost as you wouldn't take seriously a person you know is in a frenzy.5 The other kind is like hearing it from a very holy person, or from a learned person of great authority, whom we know will not lie to us—and even that comparison falls short; because these words sometimes carry such majesty that, without our even remembering who speaks them, if they are words of reproof they make us tremble, and if they are words of love they make us melt with love.6 And these are things, as I've said, that were far from our memory, and such great sayings are spoken so suddenly that it would take a long time to compose them; and it in no way seems to me that one can then fail to recognize that this is not something we have made up ourselves.7 So there's no need for me to linger on this, because it seems to me that a practiced person can hardly be deceived, unless she knowingly wants to deceive herself. It's happened to me many times that, if I have some doubt, I refuse to believe what they tell me and wonder whether I only imagined it (this after it has passed, because at the time it's impossible), and then see it fulfilled long afterward; for the Lord makes it remain in the memory so that it can't be forgotten, whereas what belongs to the intellect is like the first stirring of a thought, which passes and is forgotten. This other kind is like a finished work: even if something is forgotten and time passes, it isn't forgotten so completely that you lose the memory that, after all, it was said—unless a long time has gone by, or they are words of favor or teaching; but of prophecy there is no forgetting, it seems to me—at least not for me, though I have a poor memory.89 And I say again that it seems to me—if a soul weren't so unscrupulous as to want to fake it, which would be a great evil, and say she understands it when that isn't so—that failing to see clearly that she herself is arranging it and talking it over within herself simply isn't plausible, if she has known the Spirit of God; for if she hasn't, she could spend her whole life in that deception and keep seeming to herself to understand, though I don't know how.10 Either this soul wants to understand it, or she doesn't: if she's trying to rid herself of what she understands, and would in no way want to understand anything—because of a thousand fears, and many other reasons there are for wanting to stay quiet in her prayer without these things—how does the intellect give itself so much room to arrange arguments? That takes time. Here, without losing any of it, we are left taught, and things are understood that it seems would have taken a month to arrange. And the intellect itself and the soul are left astonished at some of the things that are understood. This is so, and anyone who has experience will see that everything I've said is true to the letter. I praise God, because I've known how to put it this way. And I'll finish with this: it seems to me that when something is from the intellect, we could understand it whenever we wanted, and every time we pray it could seem to us that we understand; but with this other kind it isn't so—rather, I may go many days where even if I want to understand something, it's impossible; and at other times when I don't want to, as I've said, I have to understand it. It seems to me that anyone who wanted to deceive others by saying they understand from God what is really from themselves would find it easy enough to claim they hear it with their bodily ears; and it is truly certain that I never thought there was another way of hearing or understanding until I saw it for myself; and so, as I've said, it costs me a great deal of effort.

Signs of the Evil Spirit

Teresa describes the bad effects left by the devil's words—dryness, unrest, false humility—and stresses that the only sure test is conformity with Sacred Scripture.

When it's the devil, he not only leaves no good effects — he leaves bad ones. This has happened to me no more than two or three times, and I've been warned right away by the Lord that it was the devil. Leaving aside the great dryness that remains, there's an unrest in the soul — like many other times when the Lord has allowed me to have great temptations and trials of the soul in different ways; and although it torments me often, as I'll say later, it's an unrest you can't tell where it comes from. Instead, it seems the soul resists and grows agitated and distressed without knowing why; because what he says isn't bad, but good.11 I wonder whether one spirit senses another. The pleasure and delight He gives is, to my mind, vastly different. He could deceive with these pleasures someone who doesn't have, or hasn't had, others from God. When I say pleasures, I truly mean a soft, strong, deeply impressed, delightful, quiet refreshment—not those little tearful devoutnesses and other small feelings that vanish at the first little breeze of persecution; I don't call these little flowers devotion, though they're good beginnings and holy feelings, but they're not enough to settle whether these effects come from a good spirit or a bad one.12 And so it's good always to walk with great caution, because people who aren't further along in prayer than this could easily be deceived if they had visions or revelations. I never had any of these latter things until God, by His goodness alone, granted me the prayer of union—except for that first time I mentioned, many years ago, when I saw Christ. I wish it had pleased His Majesty that I understood then that it was a true vision, as I have since come to understand, for it would have done me no small good. No softness remains in the soul—only something like fright, and a great distaste.13 I'm quite certain that the devil will not deceive—nor will God allow it—a soul that places no trust in herself and is strengthened in the faith, a soul who knows that she would die a thousand deaths for a single point of that faith; and with this love for the faith that God then pours into her—a living, strong faith—she always tries to go along with what the Church holds, asking various people, like someone who has already taken a firm stand on these truths, so that as many revelations as she can imagine would not move her even a single point from what the Church holds, even if she saw the heavens opened.✦14 If she should ever find herself wavering in her thinking against this, or pausing to say, 'Well, if God tells me this, it can also be true, just like what He said to the saints'—I don't mean that the devil should begin to get her to believe it, but even that she should waver as a first impulse (for to linger over it is clearly most evil; but even first impulses, I believe, often won't come in this case if the soul is as strong in this as the Lord makes those to whom He gives these things, so that it seems to her she would crush the demons over a very small truth of what the Church holds)—I say that if this great fortitude does not arise in her, and if the devotion or vision does not help her toward it, she should not take it as secure.15 Because even though the harm isn't felt right away, little by little it could become great. From what I see and know by experience, the assurance that it is God holds only as it agrees with Sacred Scripture; and if it twisted even a little from this, it seems to me I would have incomparably more certainty that it is the devil than I now have that it is God, however great that certainty may be—because then there's no need to go looking for signs, or what spirit it is, since this sign is so clear for believing it is the devil that if the whole world then assured me it was God, I wouldn't believe it. The fact is that when it's the devil, all the goods seem to hide and flee from the soul, as it is left bitter and stirred up, and without any good effect: because although he seems to plant desires, they aren't strong; the humility he leaves is false, restless, and without gentleness. It seems to me that anyone who has experience of the good spirit will understand this.

The Trial of Fear and the Lord's Deliverance

Teresa recounts the intense suffering and fear she endured when many spiritual directors judged her experiences to be from the devil, and how a single word from the Lord instantly restored her peace and courage.

All the same, the devil can work many deceptions, and so there's nothing in this so certain that it isn't safer still to keep fearing, and always to stay on your guard, and to have a learned director and hide nothing from him; and with that no harm can come—though plenty of harm has come to me from these excessive fears that some people have. In particular it once happened to me that many people had gathered—people to whom I gave great credit, and it was right that I should—who, although I was no longer dealing with anyone but one, and spoke with others only when he ordered me to, were consulting among themselves a great deal about how to help me, because they had a deep love for me and feared I might be deceived. I too carried a tremendous fear when I wasn't in prayer, for when I was in it, and the Lord was granting me some favor, He would reassure me at once. I think there were five or six, all very much servants of God; and my confessor told me that they were all decided it was the devil—that I shouldn't receive Communion so often, and that I should try to distract myself so as not to have solitude. I was extremely fearful, as I've said, and my heart trouble made it worse, so that often I didn't even dare stay alone in a room during the day. When I saw that so many were affirming it, and I couldn't believe it, it gave me a tremendous scruple, seeming to me a lack of humility—because they were all of incomparably better life than I, and learned men, so why shouldn't I believe them? I forced myself as much as I could to believe them, and I thought about my wretched life, and that given this they must be telling the truth. I left the church with this affliction and went into an oratory—having been kept from receiving Communion for many days, solitude taken from me, which was all my consolation, with no one to talk things over with, because everyone was against me. Some, it seemed to me, mocked me when I spoke of it, as if it were only my fancy; others warned the confessor to beware of me; others said it was clearly the devil. Only the confessor—though he went along with them (to test me, as I later learned)—always consoled me and told me that even if it were the devil, so long as I wasn't offending God, it couldn't do me any harm; that it would leave me; that I should beg God for this very much. And he, and all the people he confessed, did so a great deal, and many others as well; and I with all my prayer, and as many as I understood were servants of God, asked that His Majesty lead me by another path. And this lasted, I don't know if for two years, of continually asking it of the Lord.16 No consolation was enough for me when I thought it possible that the devil had spoken to me so many times. Because, since I wasn't taking hours of solitude for prayer, the Lord would make me recollect myself even in conversation, and without my being able to prevent it, He would tell me whatever He was pleased to say; and though it weighed on me, I had to hear it.1718 So, being alone, with no one to rest with, I could neither pray nor read, but was like a person terrified by so much tribulation and by the fear that the devil might deceive me—completely agitated and worn out, not knowing what to do with myself (I found myself in this affliction sometimes, and many times, though none, it seems to me, to such an extreme)—I stayed like that for four or five hours, and there was no consolation for me from heaven or from earth; the Lord only left me to suffer, fearing a thousand dangers.19 O my Lord, how truly You are the true Friend, and how powerful You are! When You will, You can; You never cease to love those who love You! Let all things praise You, Lord of the world! Oh, if only someone would cry out for Him, to say how faithful You are to Your friends!20 All things fail: You, Lord of them all, never fail. How little You let those who love You suffer. Oh my Lord, how delicately and finely and sweetly You know how to treat them! Oh, if only one had never lingered in loving anyone but You!21 It seems, Lord, that You test with rigor those who love You, so that at the extreme of hardship the greatest extreme of Your love may be understood. Oh my God, if only I had understanding and learning and new words to praise Your works as my soul understands them!22 I lack everything, my Lord, but if You do not abandon me, I will not fail You. Let all the learned rise against me, let all created things persecute me, let the demons torment me—only do not fail me, Lord, for I already have experience of the gain with which You bring through anyone who trusts in You alone.23 So while I was in this great distress (even then I had not yet begun to have any vision), these words alone were enough to take it from me and calm me completely. Do not be afraid, daughter, for I am, and I will not abandon you; do not fear.✦24 It seems to me, given the state I was in, that it would have taken many hours to persuade me to calm down, and that no one would have been enough; and here I am, calmed by these words alone, with strength, courage, security, a quiet and a light such that in an instant I saw my soul made another, and it seems to me I would have disputed with the whole world that it was God.25 Oh, what a good God! Oh, what a good Lord, and how powerful! He doesn't only give the counsel; He gives the remedy. His words are deeds. Oh, God help me—and how He strengthens faith, how love increases!26 It's true that many times I remembered when the Lord commanded the winds to be still on the sea, when the storm rose; and so I would say—Who is this, that all my powers obey Him like this, and He gives light in such great darkness in a moment, and softens a heart that seemed stone, and gives water of gentle tears where it seemed there was going to be long dryness? Who puts these desires in me?27

Courage in Spiritual Combat

Teresa reflects on the courage given by God, the power of the cross over demons, and the danger of fearing the devil more than God, concluding with praise for the Lord's help.

Who gives this courage? Then it came to me to think: What am I afraid of? What is this? I want to serve this Lord; I aim at nothing else but to please Him. I don't want comfort or rest or any other good—only to do His will. Of this I was quite certain, it seemed to me, enough that I could affirm it. So if this Lord is powerful—as I see He is, and I know He is—and the demons are His slaves, which is beyond doubt since it is a matter of faith, then as a servant of this Lord and King, what harm can they do me?✦ Why shouldn't I have the strength to contend with all of hell?28 I would take a cross in my hand, and it truly seemed God was giving me courage, so that in a short time I became another person, one who didn't fear grappling with them hand to hand—it seemed to me I could easily defeat them all with that cross. And so I said, "Come on, all of you—since I am a servant of the Lord, I want to see what you can do to me."29 Without a doubt, it seemed to me that they were afraid of me, because I remained calm and so free of fear of all of them that every fear I used to have was taken from me—right up to today. For although I've sometimes seen them, as I'll say later, I've almost never been afraid of them again; rather, it seemed to me that they were afraid of me. I was left with a mastery over them, well given by the Lord of all, so that I care no more about them than about flies. They seem so cowardly to me that as soon as they see they're held in little regard, no strength is left in them. These enemies don't really know how to attack anyone except those they see surrendering to them, or when God allows it for the greater good of His servants, so that they may tempt and torment them. If only it pleased His Majesty that we feared the One we ought to fear, and understood that greater harm can come to us from one venial sin than from all of hell put together—for that is how it is. These demons keep us terrified because we ourselves choose to be terrified by our attachments to honor and property and pleasures; then, joined with us ourselves—we who are our own adversaries, loving and wanting what we ought to hate—they'll do us great harm: because with our own weapons we make them fight against us, putting into their hands the very arms with which we ought to defend ourselves. This is the great pity. But if we hate everything for God's sake, embrace the cross, and set ourselves to serve Him truly, he flees from these truths as from a plague. He is a friend of lies, and the lie itself. He will not make a pact with anyone who walks in truth.30 When he sees the understanding darkened, he helps skillfully to put out the eyes; because if he sees someone already blind in resting their peace in vain things—and so vain that the things of this world look like a child's game—he already sees that this one is a child, so he treats him as such, and dares to fight him again and again.31 May it please the Lord that I not be one of these, but that His Majesty favor me so I understand as rest what is rest, as honor what is honor, and as delight what is delight, and not everything backwards; and a fig for all the demons—they'll fear me. I don't understand these fears of "demon, demon," when we can say "God, God," and make him tremble.✦3233 Yes, we already know he can't stir unless the Lord allows it.34 What is this? Without a doubt, I'm already more afraid of those who have such a great fear of the devil than I am of the devil himself; because he can't do anything to me, and these others—especially if they're confessors—unsettle me a great deal, and I've gone through some years of such great hardship that now I'm astonished at how I've been able to endure it. Blessed be the Lord, who has helped me so truly.

Read the original Spanish

En que trata del modo y manera cómo se entienden estas hablas, que hace Dios al alma sin oirse, y de algunos engaños, que puede haber en ello; y en qué se conocerá cuando lo es. Es de mucho provecho para quien se viere en este grado de oracion, porque se declara muy bien, y de harta doctrina.

Paréceme será bien declarar, cómo es este hablar que hace Dios á el alma, y lo que ella siente, para que vuesa merced lo entienda; porque, desde esta vez que he dicho que el Señor me hizo esta merced, es muy ordinario hasta ahora, como se verá en lo que está por decir. Son unas palabras muy formadas, mas con los oidos corporales no se oyen, sino entiéndese muy mas claro que si se oyesen; y dejarlo de entender, aunque mucho se resista, es por demás. Porque cuando acá no queremos oir, podemos tapar los oidos, ú advertir otra cosa, de manera, que aunque se oya, no se entienda. En esta plática que hace Dios á el alma, no hay remedio ninguno, sino que aunque me pese, me hacen escuchar, y estar el entendimiento tan entero para entender lo que Dios quiere entendamos, que no basta querer ni no querer. Porque el que todo lo puede, quiere que entendamos se ha de hacer lo que quiere, y se muestra Señor verdadero de nosotros. Esto tengo muy experimentado, porque me duró casi dos años el resistir, con el gran miedo que traia; y ahora lo pruebo algunas veces, mas poco me aprovecho.

Yo querria declarar los engaños que puede haber aquí, aunque quien tiene mucha expiriencia paréceme será poco ó ninguno; mas ha de ser mucha la expiriencia, y la diferencia que hay cuando es espíritu bueno ú cuando es malo; ú como puede tambien ser apreension de el mesmo entendimiento, que podria acaecer, ó hablar el mesmo espíritu á sí mesmo: esto no sé yo si puede ser, mas aun hoy me ha parecido que sí. Cuando es de Dios tengo muy probado en muchas cosas, que se me decian dos, y tres años antes, y todas se han cumplido, y hasta ahora ninguna ha salido mentira; y otras cosas adonde se ve claro ser espíritu de Dios, como despues se dirá.

Paréceme á mí, que podria una persona, estando encomendando una cosa á Dios con grande afeto y aprension, parecerle entiende alguna cosa, si se hará ó no, y es muy imposible; aunque á quien ha entendido de estotra suerte, verá claro lo que es, porque es mucha la diferencia. Y si es cosa que el entendimiento fabrica, por delgado que vaya, entiende que ordena él algo, y que habla. Que no es otra cosa sino ordenar uno la plática, ú escuchar lo que otro le dice, y verá el entedimiento, que entonces no escucha, pues que obra, y las palabras que él fabrica son como cosa sorda, fantaseada y no con la claridad que estotras. Y aquí está en nuestra mano divertirnos, como callar cuando hablamos: en estotro no hay término. Y otra señal, mas que todas, que no hace operación, porque estotra que habla el Señor, es palabras y obras: y aunque las palabras no sean de devocion, sino de repreension, á la primera dispone un alma y la habilita y enternece y da luz y regala y quieta; y si estaba con sequedad ú alboroto y desasosiego del alma, como con la mano se le quita; y aun mijor, que parece quiere el señor se entienda que es poderoso, y que sus palabras son obras. Paréceme, que hay la diferencia, que si nosotros hablásemos ú oyésemos, ni mas ni menos; porque lo que hablo, como he dicho, voy ordenando con el entendimiento lo que digo; mas si me hablan, no hago mas que oir sin ningun trabajo. Lo uno va como una cosa, que no nos podemos bien determinar, si es como uno que está medio dormido: estotro es voz tan clara, que no se pierde una sí laba de lo que se dice: y acaece ser á tiempos, que está el entendimiento, y alma tan alborotada y distraida, que no acertaria á concertar una buena razon, y halla guisadas grandes sentencias, que le dicen, que ella, aun estando muy recogida, no pudiera alcanzar, y á la primera palabra, como digo, la mudan toda: en especial, si está en arrobamiento, que las potencias están suspensas, ¿cómo se entenderán cosas que no habian venido á la memoria, aun antes? ¿Cómo vernán entonces, que no obra casi, y la imaginacion está como embobada?

Entiéndase, que cuando se ven visiones, ú se entienden estas palabras, á mi parecer, nunca es en tiempo que está unida el alma en el mesmo arrobamiento; que en este tiempo (como ya dejo declarado, creo en la sigunda agua) de el todo se pierden todas las potencias, y á mi parecer, allí ni se puede ver ni entender ni oir. Está en otro poder toda, y en este tiempo, que es muy breve no me parece la deja el Señor para nada libertad.

Pasado este breve tiempo, que se queda aun en el arrobamiento el alma, es esto que digo, porque quedan las potencias de manera, que aunque no están perdidas, casi nada obran; están como absortas, y no hábiles para concertar razones. Hay tantas para entender la diferencia, que si una vez se engañase, no serán muchas. Y digo, que si es alma ejercitada, y está sobre aviso, lo verá muy claro; porque dejadas otras cosas por donde se ve lo que he dicho, ningun efeto hace, ni el alma lo admite: porque estotro, mal que nos pese, y no se da crédito, antes se entiende que es devanear de el entendimiento, casi como no se haria caso de una persona, que sabeis tiene frenesí.

Estotro es como si lo oyésemos á una persona muy santa, ú letrada, y de gran autoridad, que sabemos no nos ha de mentir; y aun es baja comparacion; porque traen algunas veces una majestad consigo estas palabras, que sin acordarnos quien las dice, si son de repreension, hacen temblar; y si son de amor, hacen deshacerse en amar. Y son cosas como he dicho, que estaban bien lejos de la memoria, y dícense tan de presto sentencias tan grandes, que era menester mucho tiempo para haberlas de ordenar, y en ninguna manera me parece se puede entonces inorar no ser cosa fabricada de nosotros.

Ansí, que en esto no hay que me detener, que por maravilla me parece puede haber engaño en persona ejercitada, si ella mesma de advertencia no se quiere engañar. Acaecídome ha muchas veces, si tengo alguna duda, no creer lo que me dicen, y pensar si se me antojó (esto despues de pasado, que entonces es imposible) y verlo cumplido desde ha mucho tiempo; porque hace el Señor, que quede en la memoria, que no se puede olvidar, y lo que es del entendimiento, es como primer movimiento del pensamiento, que pasa y se olvida. Estotro es como obra, que aunque se olvide algo y pase tiempo, no tan del todo, que se pierda la memoria, de que en fin se dijo, salvo si no ha mucho tiempo, ó son palabras de favor ó dotrina; mas de profecía no hay olvidarse, á mi parecer, al menos á mí, aunque tengo poca memoria. Y torno á decir, que me parece si un alma no fuese tan desalmada que lo quiera fingir, que seria harto mal, y decir que lo entiende no siendo ansí: mas dejar de ver claro, que ella lo ordena, y lo parla entre sí, paréceme no lleva camino, si ha entendido el espíritu de Dios; que si no toda su vida podrá estarse en ese engaño, y parecerle que entiende, aunque yo no sé cómo. U esta alma lo quiere entender, ú no: si se está deshaciendo de lo que entiende, y en ninguna manera querria entender nada por mil temores, y otras muchas causas que hay, para tener deseo de estar quieta en su oracion, sin estas cosas, ¿cómo da tanto espacio el entendimiento, que ordene razones? Tiempo es menester para esto. Acá sin perder ninguno quedamos enseñadas, y se entienden cosas, que parece era menester un mes para ordenarlas. Y el mesmo entendimiento y alma quedan espantados de algunas cosas que se entienden.

Esto es ansí, y quien tuviere expiriencia, verá que es al pie de la letra todo lo que he dicho. Alabo á Dios, porque lo he sabido ansí decir. Y acabo con que me parece siendo del entendimiento, cuando lo quisiésemos lo podriamos entender, y cada vez que tenemos oracion nos podria parecer entendemos: mas en estotro no es ansí, sino que estaré muchos dias, que aunque quiera entender algo es imposible; y cuando otras veces no quiero, como he dicho, lo tengo de entender. Paréceme, que quien quisiese engañar á los otros, diciendo que entiende de Dios lo que es de sí, que poco le cuesta decir, que lo oye con los oidos corporales: y es ansí cierto con verdad, que jamás pensé habia otra manera de oir ni entender, hasta que lo ví por mí; y ansí como he dicho, me cuesta harto trabajo.

Cuando es demonio, no solo no deja buenos efetos, mas déjalos malos. Esto me ha acaecido no mas de dos, ó tres veces, y he sido luego avisada del Señor, como era demonio. Dejado la gran sequedad que queda, es una inquietud en el alma, á manera de otras muchas veces, que ha permitido el Señor que tenga grandes tentaciones y trabajos de alma de diferentes maneras; y aunque me atormenta hartas veces, como adelante diré, es una inquietud, que no se sabe entender de donde viene, sino que parece resiste el alma, y se alborota y aflige sin saber de qué; porque lo que él dice no es malo, sino bueno. Pienso si siente un espíritu á otro.

El gusto y deleite que él da, á mi parecer, es diferente en gran manera. Podria él engañar con estos gustos á quien no tuviere, ú hubiere tenido otros de Dios. De veras digo gustos, una recreacion suave, fuerte, impresa, deleitosa, quieta, que unas devocioncitas de lágrimas, y otros sentimientos pequeños, que al primer airecito de persecucion se pierden estas florecitas, no las llamo devociones, aunque son buenos principios y santos sentimientos, mas no para determinar estos efetos de buen espíritu ó malo. Y ansí es bien andar siempre con gran aviso; porque cuando á personas que no están mas adelante en oracion que hasta esto, fácilmente podrian ser engañados si tuviesen visiones ú revelaciones. Yo nunca tuve cosas de estas postreras, hasta haberme Dios dado por sola su bondad oracion de union, sino fué la primera vez que dije, que ha muchos años, que ví á Cristo, que pluguiera á su Majestad entendiera yo era verdadera vision, como despues lo he entendido, que no me fuera poco bien. Ninguna blandura queda en el alma, sino como espantada y con gran desgusto.

Tengo por muy cierto que el demonio no engañará, ni lo primitirá Dios, á alma, que de ninguna cosa se fia de sí, y está fortalecida en la fee, que entienda ella de sí, que por un punto de ella morirá mil muertes: y con este amor á la fee, que infunde luego Dios, que es una fee viva, fuerte, siempre procura ir conforme á lo que tiene la Ilesia, preguntando á unos y á otros, como quien tiene ya hecho asiento fuerte en estas verdades, que no la moverian cuantas revelaciones pueda imaginar, aunque viese abiertos los cielos, un punto de lo que tiene la Ilesia. Si alguna vez se viese vacilar en su pensamiento contra esto, ó detenerse en decir; pues si Dios me dice esto, tambien puede ser verdad, como lo que decia á los santos (no digo el demonio la comience á tenlo crea, sino que que tar, por primero movimiento, que detenerse en ello, ya se ve que es malísimo; mas aun primeros movimientos muchas veces en este caso, creo no vernán si el alma está en esto tan fuerte, como lo hace el Señor á quien da estas cosas, que le parece desmenuzaria los demonios, sobre una verdad de lo que tiene la Ilesia muy pequeña) digo, que si no viene en sí esta fortaleza grande, y que ayude á ella la devocion, ó vision, que no la tenga por sigura.

Porque aunque no se sienta luego el daño, poco á poco podría hacerse grande, que á lo que yo veo, y sé de espiriencia, de tal manera queda el crédito de que es Dios, que vaya conforme á la Sagrada Escritura, y como un tantico torciese de esto, mucha mas firmeza sin comparacion me parece ternia en que es demonio, que ahora tengo de que es Dios, por grande que la tenga: porque entonces no es menester andar á buscar señales, ni qué espíritu es, pues está tan clara esta señal, para creer que es demonio, que si entonces todo el mundo me asegurase que es Dios, no lo creeria.

El caso es, que cuando es demonio, parece que se asconden todos los bienes y huyen del alma, sigun queda desabrida y alborotada, y sin ningun efeto bueno: porque aunque parece pone deseos, no son fuertes; la humildad que deja es falsa, alborotada y sin suavidad. Paréceme, que quien tiene espiriencia del buen espíritu, lo entenderá.

Con todo puede hacer muchos embustes el demonio, y ansí no hay cosa en esto tan cierta, que no lo sea mas temer, é ir siempre con aviso, y tener maestro que sea letrado, y no le callar nada; y con esto ningun daño puede venir, aunque á mí hartos me han venido por estos temores demasiados, que tienen algunas personas. En especial me acaeció una vez, que se habian juntado muchos, á quien yo daba gran crédito, y era razon se le diese, que aunque yo ya no trataba sino con uno, y cuando él me lo mandaba hablaba á otros, unos con otros trataban mucho de mi remedio, que me tenian mucho amor, y temian no fuese engañada: yo tambien traia grandísimo temor, cuando no estaba en la oracion, que estando en ella, y haciéndome el Señor alguna merced, luego me aseguraba. Creo eran cinco ú seis, todos muy siervos de Dios; y díjome mi confesor, que todos se determinaban en que era demonio, que no comulgase tan amenudo, y que procurase distraerme de suerte, que no tuviese soledad. Yo era temerosa en estremo, como he dicho, y ayudábame el mal de corazon, que aun en una pieza sola no osaba estar de dia muchas veces. Yo como vi que tantos lo afirmaban, y yo no lo podia creer, dióme grandísimo escrúpulo, pareciéndome poca humildad; porque todos eran mas de buena vida, sin comparacion, que yo, y letrados, que ¿por qué no los habia de creer? Forzábame lo que podia para creerlos, y pensaba en mi ruin vida, y que conforme á esto debian de decir verdad. Fuíme de la Ilesia con esta aflicion, y entréme en un oratorio, habiéndome quitado muchos dias de comulgar, quitada la soledad, que era todo mi consuelo, sin tener persona con quien tratar, porque todos eran contra mí: unos me parecia burlaban de mí, cuando de ello trataba, como que se me antojaba; otros avisaban al confesor, que se guardase de mí; otros decian, que era claro demonio: solo el confesor, que, aunque conformaba con ellos (por probarme, segun despues supe) siempre me consolaba, y me decia, que aunque fuese demonio, no ofendiendo yo á Dios, no me podia hacer nada, que ello se me quitaria, que lo rogase mucho á Dios; y él, y todas las personas que confesaba lo hacian harto, y otras muchas: y yo toda mi oracion, y cuartos entendia eran siervos de Dios, porque su Majestad me llevase por otro camino, y esto me duró no sé si dos años, que era contino pedirlo á el Señor.

A mí ningun consuelo me bastaba, cuando pensaba era posible, que tantas veces me habia de hablar el demonio. Porque de que no tomaba horas de soledad para oracion, en conversacion me hacia el Señor recoger, y sin poderlo yo escusar, me decia lo que era servido; y, aunque me pesaba, lo habia de oir. Pues estándome sola, sin tener una persona con quien descansar, ni podia rezar ni leer, sino como persona espantada de tanta tribulacion, y temor de si me habia de engañar el demonio, toda alborotada y fatigada, sin saber que hacer de mí (en esta aflicion me vi algunas, y muchas veces, aunque no me parece ninguna en tanto estremo) estuve ansí cuatro ú cincohoras, que consuelo, ni del cielo ni de la tierra, no habia para mí, sino que me dejó el Señor padecer, temiendo mil peligros. ¡Oh Señor mio, cómo sois vos el amigo verdadero, y cómo poderoso, cuando quereis podeis, nunca dejais de querer si os quieren! ¡Alaben os todas las cosas, Señor del mundo! ¡Oh quién diese voces por él, para decir cuán fiel sois á vuestros amigos! Todas las cosas faltan: vos Señor de todas ellas nunca faltais. Poco es lo que dejais padecer á quien os ama.

¡Oh Señor mio, qué delicada y pulida y sabrosamente los sabeis tratar! ¡Oh, quién nunca se hubiera detenido en amar á nadie, sino á vos! Parece, Señor, que probais con rigor á quien os ama, para que en el estremo del trabajo se entienda el mayor estremo de vuestro amor. ¡Oh Dios mio, quién tuviera entendimiento y letras y nuevas palabras, para encarecer vuestras obras, como lo entiende mi alma! Fáltame todo, Señor mio, mas si vos no me desamparais, no os faltaré yo á vos. Levántense contra mí todos los letrados, persíganme todas las cosas criadas, atorméntenme los demonios, no me falteis vos Señor, que ya tengo espiriencia de la ganancia con que sacais á quien en solo vos confia. Pues estando en esta tan gran fatiga (aun entonces no habia comenzado á tener ninguna vision) solas estas palabras bastaban para quitármela, y quietarme del todo. No hayas miedo hija, que Yo soy, y no te desampararé: no temas.

Paréceme á mí, sigun estaba, que eran menester muchas horas para persuadirme á que me sosegase, y que no bastára nadie: héme aquí con estas solas palabras sosegada, con fortaleza, con ánimo, con siguridad, con una quietud y luz, que en un punto ví mi alma hecha otra, y me parece, que con todo el mundo disputára, que era Dios. ¡Oh qué buen Dios! Oh qué buen Señor, y qué poderoso! No solo da el consejo, sino el remedio. Sus palabras son obras. ¡Oh válame Dios, y cómo fortalece la fe, se aumenta el amor! Es ansí cierto, que muchas veces me acordaba de cuando el Señor mandó á los vientos, que estuviesen quedos en la mar, cuando se levantó la tempestad; y ansi decia yo—¿Quién es este, que ansí le obedecen todas mis potencias, y da luz en tan gran escuridad en un momento, y hace blando un corazon, que parecia piedra, da agua de lágrimas suaves, adonde parecia habia de haber mucho tiempo sequedad? ¿Quién pone estos deseos?

¿Quién da este ánimo? Que me acaeció pensar, ¿de qué temo?

¿Qué es esto? Yo deseo servir á este Señor, no pretendo otra cosa, sino contentarle; no quiero contento, ni descanso ni otro bien, sino hacer su voluntad; que de esto bien cierta estaba á mi parecer, que lo podia afirmar. Pues si este Señor es poderoso, como veo que lo es, y sé que lo es, y que son sus esclavos los demonios, y de esto no hay que dudar, pues es fe, siendo yo sierva de este Señor y rey, ¿qué mal me pueden ellos hacer á mí? ¿Por qué no he de tener yo fortaleza para combatirme con todo el infierno? Tomaba una cruz en la mano, y parecia verdaderamente darme Dios ánimo, que yo me ví otra en breve tiempo, que no temeria tomarme con ellos á brazos, que me parecia fácilmente con aquella cruz los venciera á todos; y ansí dije—Ahora vení todos, que siendo sierva del Señor, yo quiero ver qué me podeis hacer.

Es sin duda, que me parecia me habian miedo, porque yo quedé sosegada, y tan sin temor de todos ellos, que se me quitaron todos los miedos, que solia tener, hasta hoy: porque, aunque algunas veces los via, como diré despues, no les he habido mas casi miedo, antes me parecia "ellos me le habian á mí. Quedóme un señorío contra ellos, bien dado del Señor de todos, que no se me da mas. de ellos que de moscas. Parécenme tan cobardes, que en viendo que los tienen en poco, no les queda fuerza. No saben estos enemigos de hecho acometer, sino á quien ven que se les rinde, ó cuando lo permite Dios, para mas bien de sus siervos, que los tiente y atormenten. Pluguiese á su Majestad temiésemos á quien hemos de temer, y entendiésemos nos puede venir mayor daño de un pecado venial, que de todo el infierno junto, pues es ello ansí. Que espantados nos train estos demonios, porque nos queremos nosotros espantar con nuestros asimientos de honra y haciendas y deleites; que entonces juntos ellos con nosotros mesmos, que nos somos contrarios, amando, y queriendo lo que hemos de aborrecer, mucho daño nos harán: porque con nuestras mesmas armas les hacemos que peleen contra nosotros, puniendo en sus manos con las que nos hemos de defender. Esta es la gran lástima.

Mas si todo lo aborrecemos por Dios, y nos abrazamos con la cruz, y tratamos servirle de verdad, huye él de estas verdades, como de pestilencia. Es amigo de mentiras y la mesma mentira. No hará pato con quien anda en verdad. Cuando él ve escurecido el entendimiento, ayuda lindamente á que se quiebren los ojos; porque si á uno ve ya ciego en poner su descanso en cosas vanas, y tan vanas, que parecen las de este mundo cosa de juego de niño, ya él ve que este es niño, pues trata como tal, y atrêvese á luchar con él una y muchas veces.

Plega el Señor, que no sea yo de estos, sino que me favorezca su Majestad, para entender por descanso lo que es descanso, y por honra lo que es honra, y por deleite lo que es deleite, y no todo al revés; y una higa para todos los demonios, que ellos me temerán á mi, No entiedou estos miedos, demonio, demonio, donde podemos decir, Dios, Dios, y hacerle temblar. Si que ya sabemos, que no se puede menear, si el Señor no lo primite.

¿Qué es esto? Es sin duda, que tengo ya mas miedo á los que tan grande le tienen al demonio, que á él mesmo; porque él no me puede hacer nada, y estotros, en especial si son confesores, inquietan mucho, y he pasado algunos años de tan gran trabajo, que ahora me espanto como lo he podido sufrir. Bendito sea el Señor, que tan de veras me ha ayudado.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩Acts.7.56;Ezek.1.1 — And he said, 'Look, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.' Ezek.1.1 — And it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day of the month, while I was among the exiles by the river Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.
  2. ↩Exod.3.14 — And God said to Moses, 'I AM WHO I AM.' And he said, 'Say this to the people of Israel: I AM has sent me to you.'
  3. ↩Rom.8.31;Ps.118.6;Heb.13.6 — What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? Ps.118.6 — The LORD is with me; I will not fear. What can a mere human do to me? Heb.13.6 — So we say with confidence, 'The Lord is my helper; I will not fear. What can man do to me?'
  4. ↩Jas.2.19 — You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩vuesa merced: formal address to Teresa's confessor/director; rendered Your Reverence. merced here means the spiritual favor of locutions, not misericordia (mercy).
  2. 2 ↩muy formadas: distinctly/clearly articulated words of locution, not merely 'formed' in a vague sense.
  3. 3 ↩Source spelling 'sigunda' treated as 'segunda' ('second'), Teresa's usual label for the second water of prayer.
  4. 4 ↩Spanish 'Hay tantas' is elliptical (feminine plural); rendered as 'so many ways,' taking the implied noun from the surrounding discussion of marks for discerning true from false locutions.
  5. 5 ↩'Estotro' here points to the self-fabricated locution from the understanding, contrasted with genuine words from God; next section reuses 'estotro' for the genuine kind.
  6. 6 ↩Period spelling for reprensión; rendered as reproof/rebuke.
  7. 7 ↩Period spelling for ignorar; sense taken as fail to recognize / be unaware.
  8. 8 ↩Period spelling 'dotrina' for doctrina; rendered as teaching.
  9. 9 ↩'salvo si no ha mucho tiempo' taken as 'unless a long time has passed' (period negative after salvo si).
  10. 10 ↩'desalmada' rendered as unscrupulous (brazen enough to feign a divine locution), not merely 'soulless'.
  11. 11 ↩"él" refers to the devil speaking (from s1–s2); the paradox is that the words sound good while the interior aftermath is restless and dry.
  12. 12 ↩Teresa contrasts true spiritual gustos with fragile early feelings she calls, diminutively, "devocioncitas" and "florecitas"; the long contrastive que-chain is rendered with a clarifying "not...".
  13. 13 ↩blandura rendered as "softness" (residual spiritual tenderness/sweetness); desgusto as "distaste" (aversion), not casual disgust.
  14. 14 ↩Source reading 'primitirá' treated as 'permitirá' ('will permit/allow'). Period spellings 'fee' and 'Ilesia' rendered as 'faith' and 'Church'.
  15. 15 ↩Parenthetical span 'á tenlo crea, sino que que tar' is corrupt in the supplied witness. Translated as the most plausible intended sense: Teresa is not saying the devil gets the soul to believe the doubtful suggestion, but that even a first impulse of wavering is already bad—while lingering over it is clearly worse. Review against a clean critical text.
  16. 16 ↩Period spelling 'Ilesia' rendered as 'church'. Witness reading 'cuartos entendia eran siervos de Dios' is awkward; translated as the most plausible intended sense, 'as many as I understood were servants of God' (likely 'cuantos'). Review against a clean critical text.
  17. 17 ↩recoger rendered as spiritual recollection (interior gathering), not ordinary 'gathering'.
  18. 18 ↩lo que era servido rendered as 'whatever He was pleased to say' (divine pleasure / what He chose to speak).
  19. 19 ↩Normalized reading treats source 'cincohoras' as 'cinco horas' ('five hours').
  20. 20 ↩diese voces por él could mean cry out about Him / for Him; rendered as public proclamation of His faithfulness.
  21. 21 ↩quién + imperfect subjunctive is an optative wish ('oh that one/I had...'); detenido en amar = lingered over / paused to love creatures rather than God.
  22. 22 ↩encarecer = set forth the worth of / praise highly; letras = learning / letters (educated skill with words).
  23. 23 ↩sacais: bring through / draw out with profit from trial; espiriencia is historical spelling of experiencia.
  24. 24 ↩Divine locution; Yo soy rendered as solemn 'I am' to preserve theophanic force without archaism.
  25. 25 ↩Period spellings sigun/siguridad read as según/seguridad; sense is secure. 'hecha otra' kept as 'made another' for Teresa's abrupt interior remaking.
  26. 26 ↩'válame Dios' rendered as the natural English wonder-exclamation 'God help me,' not a literal petition for rescue.
  27. 27 ↩'pone estos deseos' left with an English indirect object ('in me') implied by Teresa's next thought in neighboring context; the Spanish is elliptical.
  28. 28 ↩combatirme con: older Spanish for engaging in combat / contending with; rendered as contend with rather than fight myself against.
  29. 29 ↩tomarme con ellos á brazos: idiom for grappling hand-to-hand / wrestling with them; not a literal embrace.
  30. 30 ↩Source reads "pato"; most plausible intended reading is "pacto" (pact), standard in critical editions of the Vida.
  31. 31 ↩"lindamente" rendered as "skillfully" to keep Teresa's ironic tone of the devil's neat, practiced help.
  32. 32 ↩Source reading "No entiedou estos miedos" treated as corrupt OCR/print for "No entiendo estos miedos" (I don't understand these fears).
  33. 33 ↩"una higa" is the old scornful fig-gesture; rendered with the English idiom "a fig for" to keep Teresa's defiant colloquial force.
  34. 34 ↩Source reading "primite" treated as corrupt for "permite" (allows/permits).

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