Capítulo XXIV
Resisting God's Favors
Teresa describes her initial resistance to God's gifts after confession, her futile attempts to distract herself, and the Lord's persistent, overwhelming grace that taught her the futility of resistance.
She continues what she had begun, telling how her soul kept making progress after she started to obey, how little resisting God’s favors helped her, and how His Majesty kept granting them to her even more fully. After this confession my soul was left so tender that it seemed to me there was nothing I wouldn't be ready for; and so I began to change in many things, though my confessor wasn't pressing me—on the contrary, he seemed to make little of it all. And this moved me all the more, because he took it as a way of loving God, and as if he left me free, with no reward unless I set it for myself out of love. I went on like that for almost two months, doing everything in my power to resist God's gifts and mercies.1 Outwardly the change could be seen, because the Lord was already beginning to give me courage to go through some things that people who knew me—even in the same house—considered extreme. And about what I used to do before, they had reason: it was extreme. But when it came to what I was bound to by the habit and the profession I had made, I still fell short. What I gained from this resisting of God's consolations and gifts was that His Majesty taught me something: before, it seemed to me that to receive favors in prayer I needed a great deal of withdrawal, and I hardly dared to stir. Afterward I saw how little that mattered, because the more I tried to distract myself, the more the Lord covered me with that sweetness and glory, which seemed to surround me completely, so that I could flee nowhere—and so it was.2 I was taking such care that it distressed me. During those two months, the Lord was even more determined to grant favors and make Himself known far more than He usually did, so I could better understand that it was no longer in my hands.3 I began again to love His most sacred Humanity; prayer started to settle, like a building already on a foundation, and I began to grow attached to more penance—which I had been neglecting because my illnesses were so severe. That holy man who heard my confession told me that some things could not harm me, and that perhaps God was giving me so much illness because I was not doing penance—His Majesty wanted to give me that penance Himself.4 He ordered me to do some mortifications that weren't very pleasant for me. I did it all, because it seemed to me that the Lord was commanding it of me, and He gave him grace to command it so that I would obey him. My soul was already beginning to feel any offense I might commit against God, however small it was, so that if I was wearing anything superfluous, I couldn't recollect myself until I took it off.5 I prayed a great deal that the Lord would keep me by His hand, since I was dealing with His servants, that He would not let me turn back — which seemed to me would be a great crime — and that they would lose their credibility because of me.
The Counsel of Saint Francis Borgia
Teresa meets Saint Francis Borgia, who confirms her prayer is from God and advises her to cease resisting, bringing her deep consolation.
Around this time, Father Francis arrived—the man who had been the Duke of Gandía—having left everything behind some years earlier to join the Society of Jesus. My confessor arranged it, and the gentleman I've already mentioned also came to me, so that I would speak with him and give an account of the prayer I practiced, because they knew he was very far advanced in being highly favored and gifted by God; for as someone who had left a great deal for Him, God was already rewarding him even in this life.6 After he heard me, he told me it was the spirit of God and that it didn't seem right to resist it any longer. He said that while my resistance had been appropriate up to that point, I should always begin my prayer by reflecting on a scene from the Passion. If the Lord were to carry my spirit away afterward, I shouldn't resist, but rather let His Majesty take it without me trying to force it.7 As someone who was well advanced, he gave the medicine and the counsel — for experience counts for a great deal in this: he said it was a mistake to keep resisting any longer.8 I was left deeply consoled, as was the gentleman; he was very glad that Father Francis confirmed it was from God, and he continued to help me and provide whatever advice he could—which was a great deal.
Desolation and New Direction
After her confessor's departure, Teresa feels desolate but finds a new confessor among the Jesuits, who begins to lead her toward greater perfection.
Around this time they transferred my confessor from this place to another, which distressed me deeply, because I thought I was bound to become wicked again, and it didn't seem possible to find another like him. My soul was left as if in a desert, deeply desolate and afraid: I didn't know what to do with myself. A relative of mine arranged to take me to her house, and I made sure to go at once to find another confessor among those of the Company.9 The Lord was pleased that I began to form a friendship with a widow of high standing and much prayer, who dealt a great deal with them.10 She had me go to confession to her confessor, and I stayed at her house for many days: she lived nearby. I was glad to spend much time with them, for from merely recognizing the holiness of their way of life, the benefit my soul felt was great. This father began to lead me into greater perfection.
The First Rapture and the Call to Detachment
Through prayer and the Veni Creator, Teresa experiences her first rapture, receives a locution calling her to angelic company, and is granted the freedom to leave particular friendships for God.
He would tell me that to please God completely, I must leave nothing undone; and he did so with great skill and gentleness, because my soul was still not at all strong, but very tender — especially about giving up some friendships I had. Although I didn't offend God by them, the affection was strong, and it seemed to me it would be ingratitude to leave them; and so I would tell him that, since I didn't offend God, why should I be ungrateful?11 He told me to commend it to God for a few days, and to pray the hymn Veni Creator, so that He would give me light as to which was best.12 Having spent a long time one day in prayer, and begging the Lord to help me please Him in everything, I began the hymn; and while I was saying it, there came upon me a rapture so sudden that it almost took me out of myself — something I could not doubt, because it was unmistakable.13 It was the first time the Lord granted me this favor of rapture.14 I understood these words: I no longer want you to keep company with people, but with angels.15 It filled me with great dread, because the movement of my soul was intense, and these words were spoken to me deep within my spirit. So it filled me with fear, but also with great consolation, which stayed with me once the fear left—a fear that, as it seemed to me, was caused by the novelty.16 It has been well fulfilled: I have never again been able to settle into friendship, or have consolation or a particular affection, except with people I understand love God and try to serve Him; nor has it been in my power to do otherwise, nor does it matter to me whether they are relatives or friends.17 Unless I understand this about them, or they are someone given to prayer, it is a painful cross for me to deal with anyone: that is how it is, to my full judgment, without any doubt.18 From that day I was left as eager to leave everything for God as someone for whom He had wanted, in that moment (and it doesn't seem to me it was more than a moment), to leave something further to His servant.19 So it wasn't necessary to command me any further, for since my confessor saw me so attached to this, he hadn't dared to tell me decisively to do it. I had to wait for the Lord to act, as He did; nor did I think I would succeed at it: because I myself had already tried, and the distress it caused me was so great that, since it seemed to me not improper, I would leave it alone; and here the Lord gave me freedom and strength to put it into practice.20 So I told my confessor, and I left it all just as he commanded me. It did a great deal of good to the person I was dealing with, to see this determination in me. Blessed be God forever, who in a single moment gave me the freedom that I, with all the efforts I had made over many years, could never win from myself—often forcing myself so hard that it cost me a great deal of my health. Since it was done by the One who is powerful and the true Lord of all, it gave me no pain.
Read the original Spanish
Prosigue lo comenzado, y dice cómo fué aprovechándose su alma, despues que comenzó á obedecer, y lo poco que le aprovechaba el resistir las mercedes de Dios, y cómo su Majestad se las iba dando mas cumplidas.
Quedó mi alma de esta confesion tan blanda, que me parecia no hubiera cosa á que no me dispusiera; y ansí comencé á hacer mudanza en muchas cosas, aunque el confesor no me apretaba, antes parecia hacia poco caso de todo: y esto me movia mas, porque lo llevaba por modo de amar á Dios, y como que dejaba libertad y no premio, si yo no me lo pusiese por amor. Estuve ansí casi dos meses, haciendo todo mi poder en resistir los regalos y mercedes de Dios. Cuanto á lo exterior víase la mudanza, porque ya el Señor me comenzaba á dar ánimo para pasar por algunas cosas, que decian personas que me conocian, pareciéndoles extremos, y aun en la mesma casa: y de lo que antes hacia, razon tenian, que era extremo; mas de lo que era obligada al hábito y profision que hacia quedaba corta. Gané de este resistir gustos y regalos de Dios, enseñarme su Majestad, porque antes me parecia, que para darme regalos en la oracion, era menester mucho arrinconamiento, y casi no me osaba bullir: despues ví lo poco que hacia al caso, porque cuando mas procuraba divertirme, mas me cubria el Señor de aquella suavidad y gloria, que me parecia toda me rodeaba, y que por ninguna parte podia huir, y ansí era.
Yo traia tanto cuidado, que me daba pena. El Señor le traia mayor á hacer mercedes, y á señalarse mucho mas que solia en estos dos meses, para que yo mijor entendiese, que no era mas en mi mano. Comencé á tomar de nuevo amor á la sacratísima Humanidad: comenzóse á asentar la oracion, como edificio que ya llevaba cimiento, y aficionarme á mas penitencia, de que yo estaba descuidada, por ser tan grandes mis enfermedades. Díjome aquel varon santo, que me confesó, que algunas cosas no me podrian dañar, que por ventura me daba Dios tanto mal, porque yo no hacia penitencia me la querria dar su Majestad.
Mandábame hacer algunas mortificaciones no muy sabrosas para mí. Todo lo hacia, porque parecíame que me lo mandaba el Señor, y dábale gracia para que me lo mandase, de manera que yo le obedeciese. Iba ya sintiendo mi alma cualquiera ofensa que hiciese á Dios, por pequeña que fuese, de manera, que si alguna cosa supérflua traia, no podia recogerme hasta que me la quitaba. Hacia mucha oracion, porque el Señor me tuviese de su mano, pues trataba con sus siervos no permitiese tornase atrás, que me parecia fuera gran delito, y que habian ellos de perder crédito por mí.
En este tiempo vino el padre Francisco, que era duque de Gandía, y habia algunos años, que dejándolo todo, habia entrado en la Compañía de Jesus. Procuró mi confesor, y el caballero que he dicho tambien vino á mí, para que le hablase, y diese cuenta de la oracion que tenia, porque sabia iba muy adelante en ser muy favorecido y regalado de Dios; que como quien habia mucho dejado por El, aun en esta vida le pagaba. Pues, despues que me hubo oido, díjome que era espíritu de Dios, y que le parecia que no era bien ya resistirle mas: que hasta entonces estaba bien hecho, sino que siempre comenzase la oracion en un paso de la Pasion; y que si despues el Señor me llevase el espíritu, que no lo resistiese, sino que dejase llevarle á su Majestad, no lo procurando yo. Como quien iba bien adelante dió la medicina y consejo; que hace mucho en esto la expiriencia: dijo, que era yerro resistir ya mas. Yo quedé muy consolada y el caballero tambien: holgábase mucho que dijese era de Dios, y siempre me ayudaba, y daba avisos en lo que podia, que era mucho.
En este tiempo mudaron á mi confesor de este lugar á otro, lo que yo sentí muy mucho, porque pensé me habia de tornar á ser ruin, y no me parecia posible hallar otro como él. Quedó mi alma como en un desierto, muy desconsolada y temerosa:
no sabia que hacer de mi. Procuróme llevar una parienta mia á su casa, y yo procuré ir luego á procurar otro confesor en los de la Compañía.
Fué el Señor servido, que comencé á tomar amistad con una señora viuda de mucha calidad y oracion, que trataba con ellos mucho. Hizome confesar á su confesor, y estuve en su casa muchos dias: vivia cerca. Yo me holgaba por tratar mucho con ellos, que, de solo entender la santidad de su trato, era grande el provecho que mi alma sentia. Este padre me comenzó á poner en mas perfecion. Decíame, que para del todo contentar á Dios, no habia de dejar nada por hacer: tambien con harta maña y blandura, porque no estaba aun mi alma nada fuerte, sino muy tierna, en especial en dejar algunas amistades que tenia, aunque no ofendia á Dios con ellas, era mucha aficion, y parecíame á mí era ingratitud dejarlas; y ansí le decia, que, pues no ofendia á Dios, que ¿por qué habia de ser desagradecida? El me dijo, que lo encomendase á Dios unos dias, y que rezase el himno de Veni Creator, porque me diese luz de cual era lo mijor. Habiendo estado un dia mucho en oracion, y suplicando al Señor me ayudase á contentarle en todo, comencé el himno, y estándole diciendo, vínome un arrebatamiento tan súpito, que casi me sacó de mí, cosa que yo no pude dudar, porque fué muy conocido. Fué la primera vez que el Señor me hizo esta merced de arrobamiento.
Entendí estas palabras: Ya no quiero que tengas conversacion con hombres, sino con ángeles. A mí me hizo mucho espanto, porque el movimiento del ánima fué grande, y muy en el espíritu se me dijeron estas palabras. Ansí me hizo temor, aunque por otra parte gran consuelo, que en quitándoseme el temor (que á mi parecer causó la novedad) me quedó.
Ello se ha cumplido bien, que nunca mas yo he podido asentar en amistad, ni tener consolacion ni' amor particular, sino á personas, que entiendo le tienen á Dios, y le procuran servir; ni ha sido en mi mano, ni me hace al caso ser deudos ni amigos. Sino entiendo esto, ó es persona que trata de oracion, esme cruz penosa tratar con nadie: esto es ansí á todo mi parecer, sin ninguna falta. Desde aquel dia yo quedé tan animosa para dejarlo todo por Dios, como quien habia querido en aquel momento (que no me parece fué mas) dejar otra a su sierva. Ansí que no fué menester mandármelo mas, que como me via el confesor tan asida en esto, no habia osado determinadamente decir, que lo hiciese. Debia yo aguardar á que el Señor obrase, como lo hizo, ni yo pensé salir con ello: porque ya yo mesma lo habia procurado, y era tanta la pena que me daba, que como cosa, que me parecia no era inconveniente, lo dejaba; y aquí me dió el Señor libertad y fuerza para ponerla por obra. Ansí se lo dije al confesor, y lo dejé todo conforme á como me lo mandó. Hizo harto provecho a quien yo trataba, ver en mí esta determinacion.
Sea Dios bendito por siempre, que en un punto me dió la libertad, que yo, con todas cuantas diligencias había hecho muchos años habia, no pude alcanzar conmigo, haciendo hartas veces tan gran fuerza, que me costaba harto de mi salud. Como fué hecho de quien es poderoso y Señor verdadero de todo, ninguna pena me dió.
Notes
- 1 ↩regalos y mercedes: spiritual consolations/favors and mercies from God, not material gifts.
- 2 ↩divertirme here means turn myself aside / distract myself from prayer, not amuse myself.
- 3 ↩Source reading "mijor" taken as "mejor" (better).
- 4 ↩"me la querría dar su Majestad": "la" most naturally refers to penance (penitencia), supplied through illness as a substitute for voluntary penance.
- 5 ↩Spanish recogerme names Teresa's interior recollection (recogimiento); rendered here as the durable spiritual term "recollect myself," not mere mental focusing.
- 6 ↩regalado de Dios: kept as 'gifted' in the sense of tender spiritual favor, not material gift.
- 7 ↩paso de la Pasión rendered as 'scene from the Passion' (a meditative episode), not a physical step.
- 8 ↩Source has expiriencia; translated as experiencia / experience.
- 9 ↩Compañía here is the Compañía de Jesús (Society of Jesus / Jesuits), Teresa's usual designation.
- 10 ↩ellos refers back to the Jesuit confessors of the Company mentioned in the preceding section.
- 11 ↩aficion here is strong natural attachment/affection for friendships that do not offend God but hinder fuller dedication; rendered as affection to preserve Teresa's interior-attachment sense.
- 12 ↩Source mijor read as mejor ('best/better').
- 13 ↩arrebatamiento rendered as rapture; Teresa's technical sense of being caught up / carried out of oneself.
- 14 ↩arrobamiento kept aligned with rapture (as arrebatamiento in s7); merced rendered as favor, Teresa's usual term for a mystical gift.
- 15 ↩conversacion here means social dealings/company, not mere talk; rendered as 'keep company with' to match the friendship-renunciation context.
- 16 ↩The relative que...me quedó attaches to consuelo: the consolation remained after the novelty-bred fear passed.
- 17 ↩Source has "ni' amor"; translated as the expected "ni amor" (nor love).
- 18 ↩"Sino entiendo esto" read as "unless I understand this" (that they love and serve God), continuing the previous sentence's criterion.
- 19 ↩"dejar otra a su sierva" taken as God leaving/granting something further to His servant; the parenthetical qualifies the brevity of the moment.
- 20 ↩"lo dejaba" rendered as leaving off the attempt (to break the attachment), because keeping the friendship did not seem improper to her; "ponerla por obra" takes "la" as the liberty just given.
The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion
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