SR
← The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila/Book 1 · Su vida (Libro de la Vida)
Chapter 23TeresaVida.1.23

Capítulo XXII

The Danger of Bypassing Christ's Humanity

Teresa warns against the erroneous opinion that one should set aside the humanity of Christ for higher contemplation, and confesses her own regret for having briefly held this view.

She discusses how safe a path it is for contemplatives not to raise their spirit to lofty things if the Lord does not raise it, and how the humanity of Christ must be the means to the highest contemplation.1 She speaks of a deception she was under for a time. This chapter is very helpful. There's one thing I want to say that seems important to me: if it seems good to Your Reverence, it will serve as a warning, and you may well need it. For some books written on prayer teach that although the soul cannot reach this state by herself—because it is entirely a supernatural work that the Lord works in her—she can help herself by lifting the spirit above everything created, and by raising it with humility after many years of going by the purgative way and advancing by the illuminative (I don't really know why they say illuminative; I understand it of those who are making progress). And they strongly warn people to put away from themselves every bodily imagination and to draw near to contemplating the divinity; for they say that even the humanity of Christ, for those who have already come so far, hinders or impedes the most perfect contemplation. They cite what the Lord said to the apostles at the coming of the Holy Spirit—I mean when He ascended into heaven—for this purpose.✦2 It seems to me that if they had had the faith they had after the Holy Spirit came—that He was God and man—it would not have hindered them; for this was never said to the Mother of God, though she loved Him more than anyone. Because it seems to them that since this whole work is spirit, any bodily thing can hinder or impede it; and that what they ought to seek is to consider themselves in an abstract way, and that God is everywhere, and to find themselves immersed in Him.3 This seems good to me at times; but to withdraw entirely from Christ, and to put this divine Body in the same class as our miseries, or as everything created—I cannot bear that. May it please His Majesty to enable me to make myself understood. I don't contradict this, because they are learned and spiritual people, and they know what they're saying, and God leads souls by many paths and ways, as He has led mine. What I want to speak of now—I don't meddle in the rest—is the danger I found myself in by wanting to conform to what I was reading.4 I do believe that whoever reaches union and goes no farther (I mean into raptures and visions and other favors God grants souls) will take what I've described as the best course, as I used to; and if I had stayed with it, I believe I would never have reached where I am now—because to my mind it's a deception. It may well be that I'm the one who's deceived, but I'll tell what happened to me. Since I had no teacher and was reading these books, through which little by little I thought I was coming to understand something (and afterward I understood that if the Lord did not show me, I could learn little from the books; because what I understood was nothing until His Majesty gave me to understand it by experience, and I didn't even know what I was doing), when I began to have some supernatural prayer—I mean the prayer of quiet—I tried to turn away from every bodily thing; though I didn't dare go lifting up the soul, for since I was always so wretched, I saw that that would be presumption.56 But it seemed to me I was feeling the presence of God—as indeed I was—and I tried to stay recollected with Him; and it is a sweet prayer, if God helps there, and the delight is great: and once you see that gain and that pleasure, there was no longer anyone who could make me turn back to the humanity, but in truth it seemed to me it was a hindrance.7 O Lord of my soul and my Good, Jesus Christ crucified! I never recall that opinion I once held without it causing me pain; and it seems to me I committed a great betrayal, though in ignorance.8 I had been so devoted to Christ all my life; for this was already toward the end—I mean the end of the time before the Lord granted me these favors of raptures and visions.9 I stayed in that opinion only a very short time, and so I always went back to my habit of taking delight in this Lord. Especially when I received Communion, I always wished I could keep his portrait and image before my eyes, since I could not keep him carved so deeply in my soul as I would have liked. Is it possible, my Lord, that the thought even entered my mind for a single hour that You would hinder me from a greater good?10 Where did all my goods come from, if not from You? I don't want to think that I was at fault in this, because it wounds me deeply—for it was certainly ignorance; and so You, in Your goodness, chose to remedy it by giving me someone who would draw me out of this error; and afterward by letting me see You so many times, as I will tell later, so that I might understand more clearly how great it was, and so that I might tell it to many people, as I have, and so that I might set it down here now.

Why We Must Keep to the Humanity of Christ

Teresa presents two reasons for her argument—lack of humility and the need for a bodily support—and illustrates with examples from saints and the Eucharist that Christ's humanity must remain central.

I'm of the opinion that the reason many souls fail to make more progress and to reach a very great freedom of spirit, when they come to have the prayer of union, is this.11 It seems to me there are two reasons I can base my argument on — and maybe I'm not saying anything of value — but what I say I've seen by experience: that my soul was in a very bad state until the Lord gave it light. Because all its joys came only in sips, and once it left that place it no longer had the company it later found for facing trials and temptations.12 The first is that a little lack of humility goes along so veiled and hidden that it isn't even felt.13 And who could be so proud and wretched as I am — someone who, even after laboring a whole lifetime with every penance, prayer, and persecution imaginable, would not count himself very rich and well repaid when the Lord allows him to stand at the foot of the cross with Saint John? I don't know what kind of mind could fail to be content with this — except my own, which was lost in every way about what it ought to have gained. So if, because of one's constitution or illness, thinking about the Passion is too painful and can't always be borne, what's stopping us from being with Him after He has risen? We have Him so near in the Sacrament, where He is already glorified, and we won't see Him so worn out and torn to pieces, bleeding, exhausted on the roads, persecuted by those He did so much good to, unbelieved by the apostles. Because, to be sure, not everyone can always bear to think of so many sufferings as He went through. Here He is without pain, full of glory, strengthening some and encouraging others, before He ascended into heaven. Our Companion in the Most Holy Sacrament — it seems it wasn't in His power to leave us even for a moment. And that it should have been in mine — that I should leave You, my Lord, in order to serve You better?14 For when I was offending You, I didn't know You — but that once I knew You, I should think I could gain more by this path? Oh, what a bad path I was on, Lord! It seems to me now I was going with no path at all, if You hadn't brought me back to it — for in seeing You near me, I've seen every good.15 No hardship has come to me that doesn't become easy to bear when I look at You as You stood before the judges. With so good a Friend present, with so good a Captain, who put Himself first in suffering, everything can be endured. He helps and gives strength; He never fails; He is a true Friend. And I see clearly — and I've seen since — that to please God and for Him to grant us great mercies, He wants it done through the hands of this most sacred Humanity, in whom His Majesty said He delights.16 Very many times I've seen it by experience: the Lord has told me so.17 I've seen clearly that we have to enter through this door if we want the sovereign Majesty to show us great secrets. So then, Your Reverence, don't want another path, even if you're at the summit of contemplation: by this way you go safely. This Lord of ours is the one through whom all goods come to us; he will teach you. Looking at his life, he is the best model.18 What more do we want from such a good friend at our side, who won't leave us in hardships and tribulations, as the friends of the world do? Blessed is the one who truly loves him and always keeps him close beside him.19 Let's look at the glorious Saint Paul: Jesus seems never to have left his lips, as with someone who held him firmly in his heart.✦ Once I understood this, I've carefully looked at some saints—great contemplatives—and they weren't taking any other path. Saint Francis shows it in the wounds.20 Saint Anthony of Padua, in the Child.21 Saint Bernard delighted in the humanity; Saint Catherine of Siena; and many others whom your Reverence will know better than I.2223 This business of withdrawing from the corporeal must surely be right, since such spiritual people say so; but in my view, it has to be when the soul is very advanced, because until then it's clear one must seek the Creator through creatures.✦ Everything depends on the favor the Lord grants each soul; I don't meddle in that.24 What I'd like to make clear is that the most sacred humanity of Christ must not be included in this reckoning.25

Humility and Our Embodied Condition

Teresa elaborates on the two reasons: a hidden lack of humility and the fact that we are not angels but have bodies, so we need Christ's humanity as a support, especially in dryness.

And let this point be thoroughly understood, because I'd like to know how to make myself clear about it. When God wants to suspend all the faculties (as we've seen in the kinds of prayer already described), it's clear that this presence is taken away even if we don't want it to be. Then let it go gladly: such a loss is blessed, for it means enjoying more than what we think we're losing; because then the whole soul is taken up in loving the One the understanding has worked to know, and it loves what it did not comprehend, and enjoys what it could not also enjoy if it were not losing itself in order, as I say, to gain itself all the more.26 But for us to train ourselves carefully and by clever habit not to strive with all our strength to keep this most sacred Humanity always before us (and I wish the Lord would always have it be so)—this, I say, does not seem right to me, and it means the soul is walking in the air, as they say; because it seems to have no support, however much it may seem to itself to be going along full of God.2728 It's a great thing, while we live and are human, to keep Him before us as human; for this is the other difficulty I say there is.2930 The first, as I already began to say, is a bit of a lack of humility: wanting the soul to raise itself up before the Lord raises it, and not being content to meditate on something so precious, and wanting to be Mary before one has worked with Martha.31 When the Lord wants the soul to be that way, even from the first day, there's nothing to fear; but let us restrain ourselves, as I believe I've already said before.32 This tiny speck of scant humility, though it seems like nothing, does a great deal of harm when you want to make progress in contemplation. Coming back to the second point: we aren't angels—we have bodies. Wanting to turn ourselves into angels while we're still on earth, and as thoroughly stuck on earth as I was, is folly. Rather, for ordinary times the mind needs something to lean on—even though sometimes the soul goes out of itself, or goes about for long stretches so full of God that it doesn't need any created thing to gather it back. That isn't so ordinary. In the thick of business and persecutions and hardships, when you can't have so much quiet, and in times of dryness, Christ is a very good friend: because we look at Him as a man, and we see Him with weaknesses and hardships, and He's company—and once you're used to it, it's very easy to find Him beside you. Though times will come when you can't manage either one.33 For this, what I've already said is good: not to go hunting for spiritual consolations. Come what may, clinging to the cross—that's a great thing. This Lord was left stripped of every consolation; they left Him alone in His trials—let's not leave Him. To raise us higher, He'll give us His hand better than our own diligence will, and He'll withdraw when He sees that it's fitting and that the Lord wants to draw the soul out of itself, as I've said.34

The Foundation of Humility and Surrender

Teresa teaches that the whole foundation of prayer is humility, and that we must surrender our will to God, imitating the Magdalene at Christ's feet.

It greatly pleases God to see a soul that humbly takes His Son as her intermediary, and loves Him so much that even when His Majesty wants to raise her to very great contemplation, as I've said, she knows herself to be unworthy, saying with Saint Peter: Depart from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man.35 I've proven this: by this means God has led my soul.36 Others will go, as I've said, by another shortcut; what I've understood is that this whole foundation of prayer is built on humility, and that the more a soul lowers herself in prayer, the more God raises her up. I don't remember His granting me any very marked favor among those I'll speak of later that wasn't while I was crushed at seeing myself so wretched; and His Majesty even tried to help me understand things that would help me know myself, things I could never have imagined on my own. For my part I believe that when the soul does something on her own to help herself in this prayer of union, even if it seems to help her right away, like something without a foundation it will very soon fall again; and I'm afraid she'll never reach the true poverty of spirit, which is not seeking consolation or pleasure in prayer—earthly ones already being left behind—but consolation in trials, for love of the One who always lived in them; and to stay in them, and in dryness, quiet, even if something is felt, not so as to stir up the unrest and distress some people have, who, if they aren't always working with the intellect and keeping devotion, think everything is lost, as if by their labor so great a good were earned.37 I'm not saying they shouldn't try and stay carefully attentive before God; but that if they can't even manage one good thought, as I've said before, they shouldn't kill themselves over it: we are useless servants; what do we think we can do? But may the Lord grant that we understand this and go about as little donkeys turning the water-wheel I've already spoken of—for even with their eyes closed and not understanding what they're doing, they'll draw more water than the gardener with all his diligence. This path has to be walked in freedom, placed in God's hands. If His Majesty wants to raise you to be among those in his private chamber and secret counsel, go gladly; if not, serve in lowly offices and don't seat yourselves in the best place, as I've said before.38 God takes more care than we do, and He knows what each one is for. What good is it to govern yourself, for someone who has already given their whole will to God? In my view, this is far less tolerable here than in the first degree of prayer, and it does much more harm: these are supernatural gifts.39 If someone has a bad voice, no matter how hard they try to sing, it doesn't become good; if God wants to give them a good one, He doesn't need them to sound a couple of notes first. So let's always beg Him to grant us favors, with the soul surrendered, yet confident in God's greatness.40 So they give her leave to stay at Christ's feet—let her try not to leave there, however she may be; let her imitate the Magdalene, for once she is strong, God will take her into the desert.41

The Primacy of Love

Teresa advises against self-effort, using the toad metaphor, and concludes that love drawn from Christ's love is the key, ending with a prayer for grace.

So then, Your Reverence, until you find someone who has more experience than I do and understands it better, stay with this.42 If they're people just beginning to taste God, don't believe them when they say helping themselves seems to benefit them and they enjoy it more that way.43 Oh, when God wills it, how openly He comes without these little helps!—for no matter how much more we do, He snatches up the spirit the way a giant would pick up a straw, and no resistance is enough. What a notion—to think that when He wills it, He waits for the toad to fly by itself! And it seems to me even harder and heavier for our spirit to rise, if God doesn't lift it; because it's weighed down with earth and a thousand obstacles, and wanting to fly does it little good. For although its nature is higher than a toad's, it's already so sunk in the mud that it lost that nature through its own fault.44 So I want to conclude with this: whenever we think of Christ, let's remember the love with which He did us so many favors, and how great a love God our Lord showed us in giving us such a pledge of the love He has for us—for love draws out love.45 And even if we're still very much at the beginning and ourselves very wretched, let's keep looking at this always and waking ourselves up to love, because if the Lord once grants us the favor of having this love stamped on our heart, everything will be easy for us, and we'll work very quickly and with very little effort. May His Majesty give it to us, since He knows how much we need it, for the sake of the love He had for us, and for His glorious Son, in whom He showed us that love at such cost to Himself. Amen.

The Journey of Perfection and Discretion

Teresa ponders why souls are not instantly perfected, uses the food analogy, and stresses the need for experience and discretion in spiritual direction, ending with a prayer.

There's one thing I'd like to ask Your Grace: how is it that when the Lord begins granting a soul such exalted favors — like placing it in perfect contemplation — that by rights it ought to become wholly perfect at once (and by rights it should, certainly, because anyone who receives so great a favor should no longer want earthly consolations) — then why, in rapture, and the more the soul is already used to receiving favors, does it seem to bring with it effects so much more exalted, and the more so, the more detached; since in a single moment when the Lord comes He can leave it sanctified, how is it that afterward, as time goes on, the same Lord leaves it with perfection in the virtues?46 This is what I want to know, for I don't know it; but I do know well that what God leaves behind by way of strength is different when, at the beginning, it lasts no longer than the blink of an eye and is scarcely felt except in the effects it leaves, or when this favor lasts longer. And many times it seems to me that the soul may not dispose itself wholly at once, until the Lord little by little raises it, helps it resolve, and gives it the strength of a man, so that it may cast everything down entirely—as He did quickly with the Magdalene. He does it for others according to how much they let His Majesty act. We never quite believe that even in this life God gives a hundredfold return.47 I also used to think of this comparison: although what is given to those who advance further is all one and the same, at the beginning it's like food that many people eat. Those who eat only a little are left with nothing but a pleasant taste for a while; those who eat more are helped and sustained by it; those who eat a great deal receive life and strength. And this food of life can be eaten so often, and so fully, that they no longer find anything else that tastes good to them except this food, because they see the good it does them. Their taste is already so accustomed to this sweetness that they would rather not live than have to eat other things that only take away the good flavor the food left behind.48 Also, holy company doesn't do as much good through conversation in one day as it does over many days, and we can be with her so often that we become like her, if God favors us.49 And in the end, everything depends on what His Majesty wills and on whom He chooses to give it; but a great deal depends on the resolve of anyone who is already beginning to receive this favor—to detach from everything and to value it at its true worth. Also, it seems to me that His Majesty goes around testing who loves Him—first one person, then another—revealing Himself with such sovereign delight, to awaken faith, if it's dead, in what He's going to give us, saying: "Look, this is a drop from the vast sea of goods," so as not to leave anything undone for those He loves; and when He sees they receive Him in this way, He gives and gives Himself. He loves whoever loves Him—and how well He's loved, and what a good Friend! O Lord of my soul—if only someone had the words to make clear what You give to those who trust in You, and what those lose who reach this state and stay shut up within themselves! Do not will this, Lord—for You do more than that: You come to a lodging as wretched as mine.50 Blessed be You forever and ever. I again beg Your Reverence that when you discuss these things I've written about prayer with spiritual persons, they be truly spiritual people; because if they know only one path, or have stopped halfway, they won't be able to hit the mark.51 And there are some whom God leads from the start along a very high path, and it seems to them that others can likewise profit there, quiet the understanding, and not make use of bodily means—and they'll end up dry as a stick. And some who have had a little quiet soon think that since they have the one, they can do the other; and instead of profiting they'll lose ground, as I've said. So in everything, experience and discretion are needed.52 May the Lord grant it to us out of His goodness.53

Read the original Spanish

En que trata cuan siguro camino es para los contemplativos no levantar el espíritu á cosas altas, si el Señor no le levanta; y cómo ha de ser el medio para la mas subida contemplacion la humanidad de Cristo. Dice de un engaño en que ella estuvo un tiempo. Es muy provechoso este capítulo.

Una cosa quiero decir, á mi parecer importante, que si á vuesa merced le parece bien, servirá de aviso, que podria ser haberle menester; porque en algunos libros que están escritos de oracion, tratan, que aunque el alma no puede por sí llegar á este estado, porque es todo obra sobrenatural, que el Señor obra en ella, que podrá ayudarse levantando el espíritu de todo lo criado, y subiéndole con humildad despues de muchos años, que haya ido por la vida purgativa, y aprovechando por la iluminativa (no sé yo bien por qué dicen iluminativa; entiendo que de los que van aprovechando) y avisan mucho, que aparten de sí toda imaginacion corpórea y que se alleguen á contemplar en la divinidad; porque dicen, que aunque sea la humanidad de Cristo, á los que llegan ya tan adelante, que embaraza ú impide á la mas perfeta contemplacion. Train lo que dijo el Señor á los apóstoles, cuando la venida del Espíritu Santo digo cuando subió á los cielos), para este propósito. Paréceme á mí, que si tuvieran la fee, como la tuvieron despues que vino el Espíritu Santo, de que era Dios y hombre, no les impidiera; pues no se dijo esto á la madre de Dios, aunque le amaba mas que todos. Porque les parece, que como esta obra toda es espíritu, que cualquiera cosa corpórea la puede estorbar ú impedir; y que considerarse en cuadrada manera y que está Dios de todas partes, y verse engolfado en él, es lo que han de procurar. Esto bien me parece á mí algunas veces; mas apartarse del todo de Cristo, y que entre en cuenta este divino cuerpo con nuestras miserias, ni con todo lo criado, no lo puedo sufrir. Plega á su Majestad que me sepa dar á entender. Yo no lo contradigo, porque son letrados y espirituales, y saben lo que dicen, y por muchos caminos y vias lleva Dios las almas, como ha llevado la mia; quiero yo ahora decir (en lo demás no me entremeto) y en el peligro en que me ví, por querer conformarme con lo que leia. Bien creo, que quien llegare á tener union, y no pasare adelante (digo arrobamientos y visiones y otras mercedes, que hace Dios á las almas) que terna lo dicho por lo mejor, como yo lo hacia; y si me hubiera estado en ello, creo nunca hubiera llegado á lo que ahora; porque á mi parecer es engaño: ya puede ser yo sea la engañada, mas diré lo que me acaeció.

Como yo no tenia maestro y leia en estos libros, por donde poco á poco yo pensaba entender algo (y despues entendí, que si el Señor no me mostrara, yo pudiera poco con los libros deprender; porque no era nada lo que entendia, hasta que su Majestad por expiriencia me lo daba á entender, ni sabia lo que hacia) en comenzando á tener algo de oracion sobrenatural, digo de quietud, procuraba desviar toda cosa corpórea; aunque ir levantando el alma yo no osaba, que como era siempre tan ruin, veia que era atrevimiento. Mas parecíame sentir la presencia de Dios, como es ansí, y procuraba estarme recogida con El; y es oracion sabrosa, si Dios allí ayuda, y el deleite mucho: y como se ve aquella ganancia y aquel gusto, ya no habia quien me hiciese tornar á la humanidad, sino que en hecho de verdad me parecia me era impedimento.

¡Oh Señor de mi alma y bien mio Jesucristo crucificado! no me acuerdo vez de esta opinion que tuve, que no me da pena; y me parece que hice una gran traicion, aunque con inorancia. Habia sido yo tan devota toda mi vida de Cristo; porque esto era ya á la postre; digo á la postre, de antes que el Señor me hiciese estas mercedes de arrobamientos y visiones. Duró muy poco estar en esta opinion, y ansí siempre tornaba á mi costumbre de holgarme con este Señor. En especial cuando comulgaba, quisiera yo siempre traer delante de los ojos su retrato é imágen, ya que no podia traerle tan esculpido en mi alma, como yo quisiera. ¿Es posible, Señor mio, que cupo en mi pensamiento, ni una hora, que vos me habíades de impedir para mayor bien? ¿De dónde vinieron á mí todos los bienes, sino de vos? No quiero pensar, que en esto tuve culpa, porque me lastimo mucho, que cierto era inorancia; y ansí quisistes vos, por vuestra bondad, remediarla, con darme quien me sacase de este yerro; y despues con que os viese yo tantas veces, como adelante diré, para que mas claro entendiese cuán grande era, y que lo dijese á muchas personas que lo he dicho, y para que lo pusiese ahora aquí.

Tengo para mí, que la causa de no aprovechar mas muchas almas, y llegar á muy gran libertad de espíritu, cuando llegan á tener oracion, de union, es por esto.

Paréceme que hay dos razones en que puedo fundar mi razon, y quizá no digo nada, mas lo que dijere he lo visto por expiriencia, que se hallaba muy mal mi alma, hasta que el Señor la dió luz. Porque todos sus gozos eran á sorbos, y salida de allí no se hallaba con la compañía que despues, para los trabajos y tentaciones. La una es, que va un poco de poca humildad tan solapada y escondida, que no se siente. ¿Y quién será el soberbio y miserable, como yo, que cuando hubiera trabajado toda su vida con cuantas penitencias y oraciones y persecuciones se pudieren imaginar, no se halle por muy rico y muy bien pagado, cuando le consienta el Señor estar al pie de la cruz con san Juan? No sé en qué seso cabe no se contentar con esto, sino en el mio, que de todas maneras fué perdido en lo que habia de ganar. Pues si todas veces la condicion ú enfermedad, por ser penoso pensar en la Pasion, no se sufre, ¿quién nos quita estar con él despues de resucitado, pues tan cerca le tenemos en el sacramento, donde ya está glorificado, y no le mirarémos tan fatigado y hecho pedazos, corriendo sangre, cansado por los caminos, perseguido de los que hacia tanto bien, no creido de los apóstoles? Porque, cierto, no todas veces hay quien sufra pensar tantos trabajos como pasó. Héle aquí sin pena, lleno de gloria, esforzando á los unos, animando á los otros, antes que subiese á los cielos.

Compañero nuestro en el Santísimo Sacramento, que no parece fué en su mano apartarse un momento de nosotros. ¿Y que haya sido en la mia, apartarme yo de vos, Señor mio, por mas serviros? Que ya cuando os ofendia, no os conocia: ¿mas que conociéndoos, pensase ganar mas por este camino? ¡Oh que mal camino llevaba, Señor! Ya me parece iba sin camino, si vos no me tornárades á él, que en veros cabe mí, he visto todos los bienes. No me ha venido trabajo, que mirandoos á vos, cual estuvistes delante de los jueces, no se me haga bueno de sufrir. Con tan buen amigo presente, con tan buen capitan, que se puso en lo primero en el padecer, todo se puede sufrir. El ayuda y da esfuerzo, nunca falta, es amigo verdadero; y veo yo claro y he visto despues, que para contentar Dios y que nos haga grandes mercedes, quiere sea por manos de esta Humanidad sacratísima, en quien dijo su Majestad se deleita.

Muy muchas veces lo he visto por expiriencia: hámelo dicho el Señor. He visto claro que por esta puerta hemos de entrar, si queremos nos muestre la soberana Majestad grandes secretos.

Ansí que vuesa merced, Señor, no quiera otro camino, aunque esté en la cumbre de contemplacion: por aquí va siguro. Este señor nuestro es por quien nos vienen todos los bienes, él le enseñará; mirando su vida, es el mejor dechado. ¿Qué más queremos de un tan buen amigo al lado, que no nos dejará en los trabajos y tribulaciones, como hacen los del mundo? Bienaventurado quien de verdad le amare y siempre le trajere cabe de sí.

Miremos al glorioso san Pablo, que no parece se le caia de la boca siempre Jesus, como quien le tenia bien en el corazon. Yo he mirado con cuidado, despues que esto he entendido, de algunos santos, grandes contemplativos, y no iban por otro camino. San Francisco da muestras de ello en las llagas. San Antonio de Padua en el niño. San Bernardo se deleitaba en la humanidad, Santa Catalina de Sena, otros muchos que vuesa merced sabrá mijor que yo. Esto de apartarse de lo corpóreo bueno debe de ser cierto, pues gente tan espiritual lo dice; mas á mi parecer, ha de ser estando el alma muy aprovechada; porque hasta esto, está claro se ha de buscar el Criador por las criaturas. Todo es como la merced el Señor hace á cada alma, en eso no me entremeto. Lo que querria dar á entender es que no ha de entrar en esta cuenta la sacratísima humanidad de Cristo.

Y entiéndase bien este punto, que querria saberme declarar.

Cuando Dios quiere suspender todas las potencias (como en los modos de oracion que quedan dichos hemos visto) claro está, que aunque no queramos, se quita esta presencia. Entonces vaya enhorabuena: dichosa tal pérdida que es para gozar mas de lo que nos parece se pierde; porque entonces se emplea al alma toda en amar á quien el entendimiento ha trabajado conocer, y ama lo que no comprendió, y goza de lo que no pudiera tambien gozar, si no fuera perdiéndose á sí, para, como digo, mas ganarse. Mas que nosotros de maña, y con cuidado nos acostumbremos á no procurar con todas nuestras fuerzas traer delante siempre (y pluguiese al Señor fuese siempre) esta sacratísima Humanidad, esto digo, que no me parece bien, y que es andar el alma en el aire, como dicen; porque parece no trae arrimo, por mucho que le parezca anda llena de Dios. Es gran cosa, mientra vivimos y somos humanos, traerle humano; que este es el otro inconveniente, que digo hay.

El primero, ya comencé á decir, es un poco de falta de humildad, de quererse levantar el alma, hasta que el Señor la levante, y no contentarse con mediar cosa tan preciosa, y querer ser María, antes que haya trabajado con Marta. Cuando el Señor quiere que lo sea, aunque sea desde el primer dia, no hay que temer; mas comidámonos nosotros, como ya creo otra vez he dicho. Esta motita de poca humildad, aunque no parece es nada, para querer aprovechar en la contemplacion, hace mucho daño.

Tornando al segundo punto, nosotros no somos ángeles, sino tenemos cuerpo: querernos hacer ángeles estando en la tierra, y tan en la tierra como yo estaba, es desatino, sino que ha menester tener arrimo el pensamiento para lo ordinario, ya que algunas veces el alma salga de sí, ó ande muchas tan llena de Dios, que no haya menester cosa criada para recogerla. Esto no es tan ordinario, que en negocios y persecuciones y trabajos, cuando no se puede tener tanta quietud, y en tiempo de sequedades, es muy buen amigo Cristo: porque le miramos hombre, y vémosle con flaquezas y trabajos, y es compañía, y habiendo costumbre es muy fácil hallarle cabe sí; aunque veces vernán, que ni lo uno ni lo otro no se pueda. Para esto es bien lo que ya he dicho, no nos mostrar á procurar consolaciones de espíritu, venga lo que viniere, abrazado con la cruz, es gran cosa. Desierto quedó este Señor de toda consolacion, solo le dejaron en los trabajos, no le dejemos nosotros, que para mas subir, él nos dará mejor la mano que nuestra diligencia, y ausentará cuando viere que convie ne y que quiere el Señor sacar el alma de sí, como he dicho.

Mucho contenta á Dios ver un alma, que con humildad pone por tercero á su hijo, y le ama tanto, que aun queriendo su Majestad subirle á muy gran contemplacion, como tengo dicho, se conoce por indino, diciendo con san Pedro: Apartáos de mí, Señor, que soy hombre pecador. Esto he probado: de este arte ha llevado Dios mi alma. Otros irán, como he dicho, por otro atajo; lo que yo he entendido es, que todo este cimiento de la oracion va fundado en humildad, y que mientras mas se abaja un alma en la oracion, mas la sube Dios. No me acuerdo haberme hecho merced muy señalada, de las que adelante diré, que no sea estando deshecha de verme tan ruin; y aun procuraba darme su Majestad á entender cosas para ayudarme á conocerme, que yo no las supiera imaginar. Tengo para mí, que cuando el alma hace de su parte algo, para ayudarse en esta oracion de union, que aun que luego luego parece le aprovecha, que como cosa no fundada se tornará muy presto á caer; y he miedo, que nunca llegará á la verdadera pobreza de espíritu, que es no buscar consuelo ni gusto en la oracion, que los de la tierra ya están dejados, sino consolacion en los trabajos, por amor del que siempre vivió en ellos; y estar en ellos, y en las sequedades quieta, aunque algo se sienta, no para dar inquietud y la pena que algunas personas; que si no están siempre trabajando con el entendimiento y con tener devocion, piensan que va todo perdido, como si por su trabajo se mereciese tanto bien. No digo que no se procure y estén con cuidado delante de Dios; mas que si no pudieren tener aun un buen pensamiento, como otra vez he dicho, que no se maten: siervos sin provecho somos; ¿qué pensamos poder? Mas quiera el Señor que conozcamos esto, y andemos hechos asnillos, para traer la noria del agua, que queda dicha, que aunque cerrados los ojos y no entendiendo lo que hacen, sacarán mas que el hortelano con toda su diligencia. Con libertad se ha de andar en este camino, puestos en las manos de Dios.

Su Majestad nos quiere subir á ser de los de su cámara y secreto, ir de buena gana; si no servir en oficios bajos y no sentarnos en el mejor lugar, como he dicho alguna vez. Dios tiene cuidado mas que nosotros, y sabe para lo que es cada uno. ¿De qué sirve gobernarse á sí, quien tiene ya dada toda su voluntad á Dios? A mi parecer muy menos se sufre aquí, que en el primer grado de la oracion, y mucho mas daña: son bienes sobrenaturales. Si uno tiene mala voz, por mucho que se esfuerce á cantar, no se le hace buena; si Dios quiere dársela, no ha él menester antes dar dos voces: pues supliquemos siempre nos haga mercedes, rendida el alma, aunque confiada de la grandeza de Dios. Pues para que esté á los pies de Cristo le dan licencia, que procure no quitarse de allí, esté como quiera; imite á la Madalena, que de que estuviere fuerte, Dios la llevará al desierto.

Ansí que vuesa merced, hasta que halle quien tenga mas expiriencia que yo, y lo sepa mijor, estése en esto. Si son personas que comienzan á gustar de Dios, no las crea, que les parece les aprovecha y gustan mas ayudándose. ¡Oh, cuando Dios quiere, cómo viene al descubierto sin estas ayuditas, que aunque mas hagamos, arrebata el espíritu, como un gigante tomaria una paja, y no basta resistencia! ¡Qué manera para creer que cuando él quiere, espera que vuele el sapo por sí mesmo!

Y aun mas dificultoso y pesado me parece levantarse nuestro espíritu, si Dios no le levanta; porque está cargado de tierra y de mil impedimentos, y aprovéchale poco querer volar. que aunque es mas su natural que el del sapo, está ya tan metido en el cieno, que lo perdió por su culpa. Pues quiero concluir con esto, que siempre que se piense de Cristo, nos acordemos del amor con que nos hizo tantas mercedes y cuán grande nos le mostró Dios nuestro Señor en darnos tal prenda del que nos tiene, que amor saca amor. Y aunque sea muy á los principios y nosotros muy ruines, procuremos ir mirando esto siempre y despertándonos para amar, porque si una vez nos hace el Señor merced, que se nos imprima en el corazon este amor, sernos ha todo fácil, y obrarémos muy en breve y muy sin trabajo. Dénosle su Majestad, pues sabe lo mucho que nos conviene, por el que él nos tuvo, y por su glorioso Hijo, á quien tan á su costa nos le mostró, amen.

Una cosa querria preguntar á vuesa merced; ¿cómo en comenzando el Señor á hacer mercedes á un alma tan subidas, como es ponerla en perfeta contemplacion, que de razon habia de quedar perfeta del todo luego (de razon sí por cierto, porque quien tan gran mereed recibe, no habia mas de querer consuelos de la tierra) pues por qué en arrobamiento, y en cuanto está ya el alma mas habituada á recibir mercedes, parece que trai consigo los efetos tan mas subidos, y mientras mas, mas desasida, pues en un punto que el Señor llega la puede dejar santificada, cómo despues andando el tiempo la deja el mesmo Señor con perfecion en las virtudes? Esto quiero yo saber, que no lo sé: mas bien sé es diferente lo que Dios deja de fortaleza, cuando á el principio no dura mas que cerrar y abrir los ojos, y casi no se siente sino en los efetos que deja, ó cuando va mas á la larga esta merced. Y muchas veces paréceme á mí, si es el no se disponer del todo luego el alma hasta que el Señor poco a poco la cria, y la hace determinar y da fuerzas de varon, para que dé del todo con todo en el suelo, como lo hizo con la Madalena con brevedad; hácelo en otras personas, conforme á lo que ellas hacen en dejar á su Majestad hacer; no acabamos de creer, que aun en esta vida da Dios ciento por uno.

Tambien pensaba yo esta comparacion, que puesto que sea todo uno lo que se da á los que mas adelante van, que en el principio es como un manjar, que comen de él muchas personas, y las que comen poquito, quédales solo buen sabor por un rato, las que mas ayuda á sustentar: las que comen mucho, da vida y fuerza, y tantas veces se puede comer y tan cumplido de este manjar de vida, que ya no coman cosa que les sepa bien, sino él, porque ve el provecho que le hace; y tiene ya tan hecho el gusto á esta suavidad, que querria mas no vivir, que haber de comer otras cosas, que no sean sino para quitar el buen sabor, que el buen manjar dejó. Tambien una compañía santa no hace su conversacion tanto provecho de un dia, como de muchos, y tantos pueden ser los que estemos con ella, que seamos como ella, si nos favorece Dios. Y en fin todo está en lo que su Majestad quiere, y á quien quiere darlo, mas mucho va en determinarse, quien ya comienza á recibir esta merced, en desasirse de todo y tenerla en lo que es razon.

Tambien me parece que anda su Majestad á probar quien le quiere, sino uno sino otro, descubriendo quién es con deleite tan soberano, para avivar la fee, si está muerta, de lo que nos ha de dar, diciendo: —Mira que esto es una gota del mar grandísimo de bienes, por no dejar nada por hacer con los que ama, y como ve que le reciben ansí, da y se da. Quiere á quien le quiere; ¡y qué bien querido, y qué buen amigo! ¡Oh Señor de mi alma, y quien tuviera palabras para dar á entender qué dais á los que se fian de vos, y qué pierden los que llegan á este estado, y se quedan consigo mesmos! No querais vos esto, Señor; pues mas que esto haceis vos, que os venís á una posada tan ruin como la mia. Bendito seais por siempre jamás. Torno á suplicar á vuesa merced, que estas cosas, que he escrito de oracion, si las tratare con personas espirituales, lo sean; porque si no saben mas de un camino, ó se han quedado en el medio, no podrán ansí atinar. Y hay algunas, que desde luego las lleva Dios por muy subido camino, y paréceles que ansí podrán los otros aprovechar allí, y quietar el entendimiento, y no se aprovechar de medios de cosas corpóreas, y quedarse han secos como un palo: y algunos que hayan tenido un poco de quietud, luego piensan, que como tienen lo uno, pueden hacer lo otro; y en lugar de aprovechar desaprovecharán, como he dicho. Ansí que en todo es menester espiriencia y discrecion.

El Señor nos la dé por su bondad.

Scripture echoes

  1. ↩John.16.7 — Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.
  2. ↩Phil.1.21 — For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain.
  3. ↩Rom.1.20 — For since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes have been clearly perceived, being understood through the things that have been made: both his eternal power and divine nature. So they are without excuse.

Notes

  1. 1 ↩Source spelling "siguro" is the older form of "seguro" (safe/sure); rendered as "safe" for the spiritual-path sense.
  2. 2 ↩Source begins "Train"; almost certainly a corruption of "Traen" ("They cite/bring up"). Translated on that reading. The parenthesis also lacks an opening mark before "digo".
  3. 3 ↩Source reading "en cuadrada manera" is almost certainly a corruption of the standard "en abstracta manera" ("in an abstract way"). Translated on that intended sense.
  4. 4 ↩Clause after the parenthesis is elliptical: "quiero yo ahora decir ... y en el peligro". Sense taken as "I want now to speak of the danger..."; alternate parse keeps a looser additive join.
  5. 5 ↩Source 'expiriencia' is the period spelling of 'experiencia' (experience); rendered as experience.
  6. 6 ↩'oracion sobrenatural, digo de quietud' rendered as 'supernatural prayer—I mean the prayer of quiet,' preserving Teresa's technical term for the prayer of quiet.
  7. 7 ↩'la humanidad' continues the previous section's debate about Christ's humanity vs. bare divinity in contemplation; kept as 'the humanity' rather than paraphrased as 'Christ's human nature' to match Teresa's compact usage, though the referent is Christ's humanity.
  8. 8 ↩Spanish 'no me acuerdo vez de esta opinion que tuve, que no me da pena' is elliptical; rendered as 'I never recall X without pain' (standard sense of the idiom).
  9. 9 ↩'á la postre' clarified by Teresa as the close of the period before arrobamientos/visiones; 'mercedes' rendered as spiritual favors.
  10. 10 ↩'impedir para mayor bien' rendered as hindering from a greater good—i.e., treating Christ's humanity as an obstacle to higher contemplation.
  11. 11 ↩Read source 'oracion, de union' as the technical phrase oración de unión ('prayer of union'); the comma is treated as period punctuation, not as separating a second clause.
  12. 12 ↩'á sorbos' rendered as 'in sips' — brief, intermittent tastes of joy rather than lasting consolation.
  13. 13 ↩'un poco de poca humildad' kept as scant/lack of humility — Teresa's point is subtle pride so masked it escapes notice.
  14. 14 ↩Elliptical continuation of s1's "en su mano": "en la mia" means "in my hand/power." She is shocked that she could withdraw from Christ under the pretext of serving Him better.
  15. 15 ↩"cabe mí" = beside/near me (Golden Age Spanish). Rendered "near me" for the sense of Christ's presence close at hand.
  16. 16 ↩"Humanidad sacratísima" is Christ's sacred Humanity as the appointed medium of favors; kept as a technical Christological term rather than paraphrased.
  17. 17 ↩Source spelling expiriencia read as experiencia (experience); sense is clear.
  18. 18 ↩dechado means exemplar or pattern; rendered 'model' for contemporary clarity.
  19. 19 ↩cabe de sí is archaic for junto a sí; rendered 'close beside him'.
  20. 20 ↩llagas: the stigmata; Francis's wounds as visible witness to devotion to Christ's humanity.
  21. 21 ↩Elliptical parallel to the previous sentence: Anthony's witness is his devotion to / vision of the Christ Child.
  22. 22 ↩humanidad: Christ's humanity (not 'humankind' in the abstract).
  23. 23 ↩vuesa merced: polite address to the addressee (confessor/correspondent); rendered 'your Reverence'. mijor = mejor.
  24. 24 ↩merced here = divine favor/grace given to each soul (not the honorific 'vuesa merced').
  25. 25 ↩entrar en esta cuenta: Christ's humanity must not be classed with the 'corporeal' things one may eventually leave behind in advanced contemplation.
  26. 26 ↩"vaya enhorabuena" rendered as welcoming assent ("let it go gladly"); the force is congratulatory acceptance of the seeming loss.
  27. 27 ↩"de maña" rendered as skillful/clever habit-forming, not mere cunning for its own sake: deliberate practice of setting aside meditation on Christ's Humanity.
  28. 28 ↩"arrimo" = prop/support/leaning-post; kept as "support" for the soul's need of Christ's Humanity as an anchor in prayer.
  29. 29 ↩"este" most naturally points to the danger just named—going without the support of Christ's Humanity—not to the practice of keeping Him present, which Teresa calls a "gran cosa."
  30. 30 ↩Source "mientra" read as "mientras" (while); sense is secure.
  31. 31 ↩Source reads "mediar" ("to mediate/stand in the middle"). Rendered as "meditate on" for the intended Martha/Mary contrast with Christ's Humanity as the ordinary means; some witnesses/editors treat this as "meditar."
  32. 32 ↩Source "comidámonos" read as "comedámonos" from comedirse ("let us restrain/measure ourselves"), Teresa's ordinary vocabulary of humble self-restraint.
  33. 33 ↩"ni lo uno ni lo otro" most naturally points back to the two helps just named: the extraordinary fullness that needs no created support, and the easy finding of Christ beside you.
  34. 34 ↩Normalized reading treats source "convie ne" as "conviene" ("it is fitting"); the split looks like a typographical break, not two words.
  35. 35 ↩Golden Age tercero here means intermediary/advocate: the soul humbly sets the Son between herself and God.
  36. 36 ↩Arte here means manner/means, not craft or skill: 'in this way / by this means.'
  37. 37 ↩Kept as 'poverty of spirit' for the Beatitude resonance; Teresa defines it here as not seeking consolation or pleasure in prayer.
  38. 38 ↩"cámara y secreto" is Teresa's court metaphor for the king's private chamber and privy counsel — intimacy of nearness to God, not a literal room.
  39. 39 ↩"Esto"/the implied subject is self-direction or self-help in prayer (from the preceding sentences). At the prayer of union such self-management is less allowable than at the first degree, because the goods in view are supernatural.
  40. 40 ↩"dar dos voces": literally "give two voices/notes" — the singing metaphor means God needs no preliminary human warm-up before granting the gift.
  41. 41 ↩"la Madalena... al desierto" joins the Gospel image of Mary at Jesus' feet with the later Magdalene desert tradition; Teresa uses it for remaining lowly at Christ's feet until God Himself leads the soul further.
  42. 42 ↩vuesa merced is a formal Golden Age address; rendered as Your Reverence for the confessor/addressee rather than a generic you.
  43. 43 ↩gustar de Dios is Teresa's language for beginning spiritual delight/consolation; rendered as taste God to keep the sensory concreteness without psychologizing it.
  44. 44 ↩Spanish 'lo perdió' leaves the object implicit; rendered as the spirit's higher nature (su natural), which the sentence contrasts with the toad's. Alternate reading: it lost the capacity to rise/fly.
  45. 45 ↩'prenda' = pledge/token; in context Christ Himself is the pledge of God's love for us.
  46. 46 ↩Source reading "mereed" treated as "merced" (favor).
  47. 47 ↩"fuerzas de varon" rendered as "a man's strength" (courageous/mature spiritual fortitude), not gendered exclusion.
  48. 48 ↩The Spanish tiering after the colon is compressed (las que mas ayuda á sustentar: las que comen mucho). Rendered as three degrees of eating the same food: a little / more / a great deal.
  49. 49 ↩conversacion in Golden Age Spanish often means keeping company / familiar intercourse, not talk alone; rendered as conversation while keeping that broader sense in view.
  50. 50 ↩"No querais vos esto" most naturally petitions against the loss just named (people reaching this state and remaining shut up with themselves); "esto" could also glance at her inability to find words. Rendered as a solemn petition against that self-enclosed loss.
  51. 51 ↩"vuesa merced" rendered as "Your Reverence" (formal address to her confessor/correspondent). "lo sean" intensifies that those consulted must truly be spiritual, not merely so called.
  52. 52 ↩Source spelling "espiriencia" treated as "experiencia" (experience); "discrecion" as discretion/discernment.
  53. 53 ↩Spanish la is feminine singular and picks up the preceding need for experience and discretion (espiriencia y discrecion); rendered as "it" for that gift of discerning practice.

The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion

A daily portion of stillness

Chosen Portion delivers one short contemplative reading and a guided moment of silence each day — the ascent, one step at a time.

Chosen Portion is the paced doorway into this collection: it portions the dense mystical treatises into one daily reading plus guided silence, exactly as the 14-day plan teaches.

  • Daily bite-sized excerpts from the contemplative classics, never a wall of text
  • A built-in timed stillness practice that grows from 2 minutes to 10
  • Gentle progression through the tradition — the app remembers where you are on the ascent
Chosen Portion — Daily Prayer (free iOS app) →