Capítulo X
The Gift of Mystical Theology
Teresa introduces the topic of God's favors in prayer and describes the sudden, wordless sense of God's presence that suspends the soul, which she identifies as mystical theology.
She begins to set forth the favors the Lord was granting her in prayer, and how we ourselves can help, and how much it matters that we understand the favors the Lord grants us. She asks the one to whom this is sent that from here on what she writes remain secret, since they order her to speak so particularly of the favors the Lord grants her.1 I sometimes had, as I've said (though it was very brief), a beginning of what I'll now describe. It would happen to me, in this mental image I used to form of placing myself beside Christ, as I've said, and even sometimes while reading, that a sense of God's presence would come over me unexpectedly—so that I could not doubt at all that He was within me, or that I was wholly immersed in Him.2 This wasn't a kind of vision; I believe they call it mystical theology. It suspends the soul in such a way that it seemed completely outside itself. The will loves; the memory, it seems to me, is almost lost; the understanding doesn't reason, as I see it, yet it isn't lost—but, as I say, it doesn't work; instead it stands as if stunned by how much it understands, because God wants it to understand that it understands nothing of what His Majesty sets before it.3
Tears and the Joy of Prayer
Teresa describes the tender delight and tears that come from meditating on Christ's Passion and our own lowliness, and compares these joys to the degrees of heavenly glory.
At first I had almost constantly known a tenderness that, it seems to me, can be partially sought — a delight that is neither wholly of the senses nor wholly spiritual; all of it is given by God.4 But it seems we can help ourselves a great deal toward this by considering our lowliness and the ingratitude we show God, how much He did for us, His Passion with such heavy sufferings, His life so full of affliction; by taking delight in seeing His works, His greatness, how He loves us, and many other things that anyone who carefully wants to grow comes upon often, even without walking with much attentiveness: if along with this there is some love, the soul is delighted, the heart softens, and tears come; sometimes it seems we force them out, and at other times the Lord seems to cause them so that we cannot resist. His Majesty seems to repay us that little care with so great a gift as the consolation it gives a soul to see that it weeps for so great a Lord; and I'm not surprised, for it has more than enough reason to be consoled.5 There it is delighted; there it takes joy. This comparison that comes to me now seems right: these joys of prayer are like the joys of those in heaven. Since they've seen only as much as the Lord wants them to see, according to what they deserve, and since they see how little they merit, each one is content with the place they hold—even though the difference from one degree of enjoyment to another in heaven is immense, far greater than the already vast difference here between one spiritual joy and another. And truly, when a soul is just beginning and God grants it this favor, it almost seems there's nothing more to desire, and the soul counts itself well repaid for everything it has done in His service. And it has more than enough reason: one of these tears that, as I say, we almost work to draw out ourselves (though without God nothing is done) doesn't seem to me something all the world's hardships could buy, because so much is gained through them. And what greater gain is there than having some proof that we please God? So whoever reaches this point should praise Him greatly and know themselves to be deeply in His debt; because it already seems He wants them for His house and has chosen them for His kingdom, if they don't turn back.
Recognizing God's Gifts with True Humility
Teresa warns against false humility that refuses to acknowledge God's gifts, and argues that recognizing them deepens love, gratitude, and detachment from the world.
Don't bother with certain kinds of humility you'll find — I'll get to them — that people take for humility: not recognizing that the Lord is giving them gifts. Let's understand this clearly — really clearly, as it is — that God gives them to us without any merit of ours, and let's thank His Majesty for them; because if we don't know what we're receiving, we don't wake up to love. And it's very certain that the more we see how rich we are, while knowing we are poor, the more progress comes to us — and even truer humility. Anything else is only cowing the spirit into thinking it isn't capable of great gifts, if as soon as the Lord begins to give them, it starts frightening itself with fear of vainglory. Let's believe that the One who gives us the gifts will give us grace to recognize it when the devil begins to tempt us in this matter, and strength to resist him — I mean, if we walk with plain honesty before God, aiming to please Him alone and not people. It's very clear that we love someone more when we keep remembering the good things they do for us. So if it is right — and so meritorious — that we always keep in mind that we have our being from God, that He created us out of nothing, that He sustains us, and all the other benefits of His death and sufferings, which long before He created us He had already done for each of those who now live — why shouldn't it also be right for me to understand, see, and often consider that I used to talk about vanities, and that now the Lord has given me this: that I would want to speak of nothing but Him? Here is a jewel: remembering that it is given, and that we already possess it, forcefully draws us to love — and that is the whole good of prayer founded on humility. So what will it be like when they see other, still more precious jewels in their possession — the kind some of God's servants have already received: contempt for the world, and even for themselves? It's clear they must consider themselves more indebted and bound to serve, understanding that we had none of this, and coming to know the Lord's generosity—who, to a soul so poor, wretched, and devoid of merit as mine—for whom the first of these jewels would have been more than enough—chose to endow me with more riches than I could have even known how to desire. We need to draw fresh strength to serve and try not to be ungrateful, because the Lord gives these gifts on this condition: if we don't make good use of the treasure and the great state He places us in, He will take it back, leaving us much poorer, and His Majesty will give the jewels to whoever will make them shine and profit from them for themselves and others.6 So how will someone who doesn't realize they are rich put it to good use and spend it generously? In my view, given our nature, it's impossible for anyone who doesn't realize they're favored by God to have the courage for great things, because we're so miserable and so drawn to earthly things that someone who doesn't realize they have some guarantee of what lies beyond can hardly truly hate everything on earth with great detachment, since it's through these gifts that the Lord gives us the strength we lost through our sins. And they'll hardly want everyone to be displeased with them and hate them, or want all the other great virtues the perfect have, if they don't have some guarantee of the love God has for them, along with living faith.7 Because our nature is so dead that we go after what we see right in front of us; and so these same favors are what awaken faith and strengthen it. It may well be—since I'm so miserable I judge by myself—that there are others who need nothing more than the truth of the faith to do truly perfect works, whereas I, miserable as I am, have needed it all.
A Plea for Secrecy and Submission
Teresa asks her confessor to publish her sins but keep her identity hidden, and submits everything she writes to the judgment of the Church and her spiritual directors.
They'll say that; I say what has happened to me as they order me to; and if it isn't right, the one I'm sending it to will tear it up, for he'll know better than I how to see what's wrong.8 I beg him, for the love of the Lord, to publish what I've said so far about my wretched life and sins—I give leave from this moment on—and I beg all my confessors as well, for the one this is going to is one of them; and if they wish, even now while I'm alive, so that I may no longer deceive the world, who think there's some good in me. And truly, truly I say—as far as I now understand myself—that it will give me great consolation. For what I may say from here on, I don't give that leave; nor do I want them, if they show it to anyone, to say whose experience it was or who wrote it. That's why I don't name myself or anyone else; I'll just write it all as best I can so as not to be recognized, and I ask this for the love of God.9 People so learned and serious are enough to authorize anything good, if the Lord gives me the grace to say it; for if it is good, it will be His and not mine, since I am without learning and without a good life, and haven't been advised by any learned person or by anyone at all. Only those who order me to write this know that I'm writing it, and they aren't here just now, and I'm almost stealing the time, and with regret, because I'm keeping myself from spinning—living in a poor house with so many duties. So even if the Lord gave me more ability and memory (for even with what I have I could make use of what I've heard or read), what I have is very little. So if I say anything good, the Lord wants it for some good; whatever is bad will be from me, and Your Reverence will take it out.1011 There's no point in giving my name for either purpose: while I'm alive, it's clear that whatever is good shouldn't be attributed by name; after death, there's no reason to, except that the good would lose its authority and get no credit, since it was said by someone so low and so wretched.12 And because I think Your Reverence will do this, for the love of the Lord I ask you—and the others who are to see it—I write freely; otherwise it would be with great scruple, except in telling my sins, for which I have none: for everything else, it's enough that I'm a woman for my wings to fall from me—how much more, a woman and a wretched one. And so, whatever goes beyond simply telling the course of my life, Your Reverence should take for yourself—since you've pressed me so hard to write some account of the favors God grants me in prayer—if it accords with the truths of our holy Catholic faith; and if not, burn it at once, for I submit myself to this. And I'll say what happens to me, so that when it does accord with this, it may be of some benefit to Your Reverence; and if not, it will undeceive my soul, so the devil doesn't win where I think I'm winning—for the Lord already knows (as I'll say later) that I've always sought someone to give me light.
Experience as Teacher
Teresa acknowledges the obscurity of prayer for the inexperienced, promises to discuss obstacles and dangers based on her own long practice and counsel with learned men, and ends with a prayer request.
However clearly I try to explain these things about prayer, they'll still be quite obscure for anyone who hasn't had experience of them. I'll speak of some obstacles that, as I understand it, hinder progress on this path, and of other things where there's danger — from what the Lord has taught me by experience, and what I've afterward discussed with great learned men and spiritual people of many years. And they see that in only the twenty-seven years I've been practicing prayer, His Majesty has given me — walking with so many stumbles and so poorly on this path — the experience that others have been given in forty-seven years, and in thirty-seven, who have walked it with penance and always with virtue.13 May He be blessed for everything, and may He make use of me, for who His Majesty is — for my Lord well knows that I intend nothing else in this except that He be praised and magnified a little, seeing that in so filthy and foul-smelling a dungheap He made a garden of such sweet flowers.14 May it please His Majesty that through my fault I not pull them up again, and that it become once more what it was.15 This I ask Your Reverence, for the love of the Lord, to ask of Him for me, since you know more clearly what I am than He has allowed me to say here.16
Read the original Spanish
Comienza a declarar las mercedes que el Señor la hacia en la oracion y en lo que nos podemos nosotros ayudar, y lo mucho que importa que entendamos las mercedes que el Señor nos hace, Pide á quien esto envia, que de aquí adelante sea secreto lo que escribiere, pues la mandan diga tan particularmente las mercedes que la hace el Señor.
Tenia yo algunas veces, como he dicho (aunque con mucha brevedad pasaba), comienzo de lo que ahora diré. Acaecíame en esta representacion que hacia, de ponerme cabe Cristo, que he dicho, y aun algunas veces leyendo, venirme á deshora un sentimiento de la presencia de Dios, que en ninguna manera podia dudar que estaba dentro de mí, ú yo toda engolfada en El. Esto no era manera de vision, creo lo llaman mística teología; suspende el alma de suerte, que toda parecia estar fuera de sí. Ama la voluntad, la memoria me parece está casi perdida, el entendimiento no discurre, á mi parecer, mas no se pierde; mas, como digo, no obra, sino está como espantado de lo mucho que entiende; porque quiere Dios entienda, que de aquello que su Majestad le representa ninguna cosa entiende.
Primero habia tenido muy contino una ternura, que en parte algo de ella me parece se puede procurar; un regalo, que ni bien es todo sensual, ni bien espiritual, todo es dado de Dios. Mas parece para esto nos podemos mucho ayudar con considerar nuestra bajeza y la ingratitud que tenemos con Dios, lo mucho que hizo por nosotros, su pasion con tan graves dolores, su vida tan afligida; en deleitarnos de ver sus obras, su grandeza, lo que nos ama, otras muchas cosas, que quien con cuidado quiere aprovechar, tropieza muchas veces en ellas, aunque no ande con mucha advertencia: si con esto hay algun amor regálase el alma, enternécese el corazon, vienen lágrimas; algunas veces parece las sacamos por fuerza, otras el Señor parece nos la hace, para no poder nos resistir. Parece nos paga su Majestad aquel cuidadito con un don tan grande, como es el consuelo que da á un alma ver que llora por tan gran Señor; y no me espanto, que le sobra la razon de consolarse. Regálase allí, huélgase allí.
Paréceme bien esta conparacion, que ahora se me ofrece, que son estos gozos de oracion, como deben ser los que están en el cielo, que como no han visto mas de lo que el Señor conforme á lo que merecen, quiere que vean, y ven sus pocos méritos, cada uno está contento con el lugar en que está, con haber tan grandísima diferencia de gozar á gozar en el cielo, mucho mas que acá hay de unos gozos espirituales á otros, que es grandisima. Y verdaderamente un alma en sus principios, cuando Dios la hace esta merced, ya casi le parece no hay mas que desear, y se da por bien pagada de todo cuanto ha servido: y sóbrale la razon, que una lágrima de estas que, como digo, casi nos las procuramos (aunque sin Dios no se hace cosa) no me parece á mí, que con todos los trabajos del mundo se puede comprar, porque se gana mucho con ellas; ¿y qué mas ganancia que tener algun testimonio, que contentamos á Dios?
Ansí, que quien aquí llegare, alábele mucho, conózcase por muy deudor; porque ya parece le quiere para su casa, y escogido para su reino, si no torna atrás.
No cure de unas humildades que hay, de que pienso tratar, que les parece humildad, no entender que el Señor les va dando dones. Entendamos bien, bien, como ello es, que nos los da Dios sin ningun merecimiento nuestro, y agradezcámoslo á su Majestad; porque si no conocemos qué recibimos, no nos despertamos á amar; y es cosa muy cierta, que mientras mas vemos estamos ricos, sobre conocer somos pobres, mas aprovechamiento nos viene y aun mas verdadera humildad. Lo demás es acobardar el ánimo á parecer que no es capaz de grandes bienes, si en comenzando el Señor á dárselos comienza él á atemorizarse con miedo de vanagloria. Creamos, que quien nos da los bienes, nos dará gracia para que, en comenzando el demonio á tentarle en este caso, lo entienda, y fortaleza para resistirle; digo, si andamos con llaneza delante de Dios, pretendiendo contentar solo á El y no á los hombres. Es cosa muy clara, que amamos mas á una persona, cuando mucho se nos acuerda las buenas obras que nos hace. Pues, si es lícito y tan meritorio, que siempre tengamos memoria, que tenemos de Dios el ser, y que nos crió de no nada, y que nos sustenta, y todos los demás beneficios de su muerte y trabajos, que mucho antes que nos criase los tenia hechos por cada uno de los que ahora viven; ¿por qué no será lícito, que entienda yo y vea y considere muchas veces, que solia hablar en vanidades, y que ahora me ha dado el Señor, que no querría hablar sino en El? Hé aquí una joya, que acordándonos que es dada, y ya la poseemos, forzado convida amar, que es todo el bien de la oracion fundada sobre humildad. Pues ¿qué será cuando vean en su poder otras joyas mas preciosas, como tienen ya recibidas algunos siervos de Dios, de menosprecio del mundo y aun de sí mesmo?
Está claro, que se han de tener por mas deudores y mas obligados á servir, y entender que no teníamos nada desto, y á conocer la largueza del Señor, que á un alma tan pobre y ruin, y de ningun merecimiento, como la mía, que bastaba la primer joya de estas, y sobraba para mí, quiso hacerme con mas riquezas, que yo supiera desear. Es menester sacar fuerzas de nuevo para servir, y procurar no ser ingratos, porque con esa condicion las da el Señor, que si no usamos bien del tesoro y del gran estado en que nos pone, nos lo tornará á tomar, y quedarnos hemos muy mas pobres, y dará su Majestad las joyas á quien luzga, y aproveche con ellas á sí y á los otros. Pues ¿cómo aprovechará y gastará con largueza, el que no entiende que está rico?
Es imposible conforme á nuestra naturaleza, á mi parecer, tener ánimo para cosas grandes, quien no entiende está favorecido de Dios; porque somos tan miserables y tan inclinados á cosas de tierra, que mal podrá aborrecer todo lo de acá de hecho con gran desasimiento, quien no entiende tiene alguna prenda de lo de allá; porque con estos dones, es adonde el Señor nos da la fortaleza, que por nuestros pecados nosotros perdimos. Y mal deseará se descontenten todos de él y le aborrezcan, y todas las demás virtudes grandes que tienen los perfetos, si no tiene alguna prenda del amor, que Dios le tiene, y juntamente fe viva. Porque es tan muerto nuestro natural, que nos vamos á lo que presente vemos; y ansí estos mesmos favores son los que despiertan la fee y la fortalecen. Ya puede ser que yo, como soy tan ruin juzgo por mí, que otros habrá que no hayan menester mas de la verdad de la fe, para hacer obras muy perfetas, que yo como miserable, todo lo he habido menester.
Esto ellos lo dirán; yo digo lo que ha pasado por mí como me lo mandan; y si no fuere bien, romperálo á quien lo envio, que sabrá mijor entender lo que va mal, que yo. A quien suplico por amor del Señor, lo que he dicho hasta aquí de mi ruin vida y pecados, lo publiquen, desde ahora doy licencia, y á todos mis confesores, que ansí lo es á quien esto va; y si quisieren luego en mi vida; porque no engañe mas al mundo, que piensan hay en mí algun bien; y cierto, cierto con verdad digo, á lo que ahora entiendo de mí, que me dará gran consuelo. Para lo que de aquí adelante dijere, no se la doy; ni quiero, si á alguien le mostraren, digan quien es por quien pasó, ni quien lo escribió, que por esto no me nombro, ni á nadie, sino escribirlo he todo lo mejor que pueda por no ser conocida, y ansí lo pido por amor de Dios. Bastan personas tan letradas y graves para autorizar alguna cosa buena, si el Señor me diere gracia para decirla; que, si lo fuere, será suya y no mia, por ser yo sin letras y buena vida, ni ser informada de letrado ni de persona ninguna; porque solos los que me lo mandan escribir, saben que lo escribo, y al presente no están aquí, y casi hurtando el tiempo, y con pena, porque me estorbo de hilar, por estar en casa pobre y con hartas ocupaciones: ansí, que aunque el Señor me diera mas habilidad y memoria (que aun con esta pudiérame aprovechar de lo que he oido ú leido) mas es poquísima la que tengo: ansí, que si algo bueno dijere, lo quiere el Señor para algun bien; lo que fuere malo, será de mí y vuesa merced lo quitará.
Para lo uno ni para lo otro, ningún provecho tiene decir mi nombre: en vida está claro, que no se ha de decir de lo bueno, en muerte no hay para qué, sino para que pierda autoridad el bien y no le dar ningún crédito, por ser dicho de persona tan baja y tan ruin. Y por pensar vuesa merced hará esto, por amor del Señor le pido, y los demás que lo han de ver, escribo con libertad; de otra manera seria con gran escrúpulo, fuera de decir mis pecados, que para esto ninguno tengo: para los demás, basta ser mujer para caérseme las alas, cuanto mas mujer y ruin. Y ansí, lo que fuere mas de decir simplemente el discurso de mi vida, tome vuesa merced para sí, pues tanto me ha importunado escriba alguna declaración de las mercedes, que me hace Dios en la oración, si fuere conforme á las verdades de nuestra santa fe católica; y si no, vuesa merced lo queme luego, que yo á esto me sujeto: y diré lo que pasa por mí, para que, cuando sea conforme á esto, podrá hacer á vuesa merced algun provecho; y si no desengañará mi alma, para que no gane el demonio, adonde me parece gano yo; que ya sabe el Señor (como después diré) que siempre he procurado buscar quien me dé luz.
Por claro que yo quiera decir estas cosas de oracion, será bien escuro para quien no tuviere expiriencia. Algunos impedimentos diré, que á mi entender lo son para ir adelante en este camino, y otras cosas en que hay peligro, de lo que el Señor me ha enseñado por expiriencia, y despues tratádolo yo con grandes letrados y personas espirituales de muchos años, y ven, que en solos veinte y siete años que há que tengo oracion, me ha dado su Majestad la expiriencia, con andar en tantos tropiezos y tan mal este camino, que á otros en cuarenta y siete, y en treinta y siete, que con penitencia y siempre virtud han caminado por él. Sea bendito por todo y sírvase de mí, por quien su Majestad es, que bien sabe mi Señor, que no pretendo otra cosa en esto, sino que sea alabado y engrandecido un poquito, de ver, que en un muladar tan sucio y de mal olor, hiciese huerto de tan suaves flores. Plega á su Majestad, que por mi culpa no las torne yo á arrancar, y se torne á ser lo que era. Esto pido yo por amor de el Señor, le pida vuesa merced, pues sabe la que soy con mas claridad, que aquí me lo ha dejado decir.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish mercedes here means divine spiritual favors (not civic honors); rendered as "favors" to keep Teresa's usual sense alongside grace.
- 2 ↩"engolfada" rendered as "wholly immersed"; Teresa's image is of being plunged/absorbed into God, not merely surrounded.
- 3 ↩"discurre" rendered as discursive reasoning ("does not reason"); "espantado" as awe-struck astonishment ("stunned"), not fear.
- 4 ↩Spanish 'sensual' here means of the senses / felt in the body, not erotic; Teresa is distinguishing an affective gift from a purely spiritual one.
- 5 ↩'cuidadito' is Teresa's affectionate diminutive for a small, careful attentiveness; rendered as 'little care' to keep the warmth without sounding cute.
- 6 ↩Early modern form of 'luzca' (from lucir): here 'make them shine' / 'shine with them,' paired with 'aproveche' (profit by / make good use of).
- 7 ↩deseará se descontenten todos de él y le aborrezcan: Teresa means the perfect person's willingness to be despised by the world; rendered as desire that everyone be displeased with them and hate them.
- 8 ↩Source spelling 'mijor' read as 'mejor' (better).
- 9 ↩'no se la doy' resumes 'licencia' from the previous sentence: permission to publish is refused for what follows, not for the account of sins already given.
- 10 ↩'sin letras y buena vida' read with 'sin' governing both nouns: without learning and without a good life.
- 11 ↩'vuesa merced' rendered as 'Your Reverence' for the confessor-addressee.
- 12 ↩Source reads "no le dar ningún crédito" (infinitive); sense taken as "and it would receive no credit."
- 13 ↩The comparison is that God gave her, despite a badly walked path of twenty-seven years, the experiential knowledge that others gained only after forty-seven or thirty-seven years of penitential, virtuous walking.
- 14 ↩"por quien su Majestad es" is a solemn oath-formula ("for who His Majesty is" / "by who He is"), roughly equivalent to "for His own sake."
- 15 ↩"las" refers to the sweet flowers of the preceding garden image; "se torne á ser lo que era" refers to the soul/garden reverting to the dungheap it had been.
- 16 ↩"vuesa merced" rendered as "Your Reverence," the formal address to her confessor/spiritual director; alternatives include "Your Grace."
The Life (Libro de la Vida) of Teresa of Ávila companion
A daily portion of stillness
Chosen Portion delivers one short contemplative reading and a guided moment of silence each day — the ascent, one step at a time.
Chosen Portion is the paced doorway into this collection: it portions the dense mystical treatises into one daily reading plus guided silence, exactly as the 14-day plan teaches.
- Daily bite-sized excerpts from the contemplative classics, never a wall of text
- A built-in timed stillness practice that grows from 2 minutes to 10
- Gentle progression through the tradition — the app remembers where you are on the ascent