AICI SĂ DĂSPĂRȚI SOLOMON DE LA DUMNEZEU ȘI ÎNCEPU A FACE BISŒRICI ȘI CAPIȘTI IDOLILOR MUERILOR SALE, IAR DUMNEZEU SĂ MÂNIE PE DÂNSUL, CĂCI NU PĂZI LEGEA LUI
Solomon's Fall from Grace
Solomon's idolatry led to God's anger and a prophecy of his kingdom's division.
Then Solomon built a high shrine for the idols, along with other defiled and foul things; he did the same for every one of his wives, each apart from the rest, and he kept offering sacrifices to their gods.✦1 And God grew angry with Solomon because he had turned his heart away from the Lord, the God of Israel—the God who had appeared to him twice and had spoken to him both times about exactly these things: that he was not to go after other gods, but was to guard and hold to what the Lord his God had commanded him.✦ And God said to Solomon, "Since you have acted this way and have not kept my commandments, which I taught you, I will take the kingdom out of your hands and give it to your servant.✦2 Even so, I will not do this in your own lifetime, for the sake of your father David; I will take it instead out of the hands of your sons. And for the sake of David my servant, and for the sake of Jerusalem, my city, which I have chosen, I will not take the whole kingdom from them."✦3 And God stirred up enmity against Solomon as well.✦4
Solomon's Early Wisdom and Prayer
Solomon's humble request for wisdom to govern justly pleased God.
Everyone had heard how, when God appeared to Solomon, God said to him, "Ask me for whatever you want." Solomon answered, "I am only a small child, still young, and I don't even know how to go out or come in; yet here I am, your servant, in the middle of your people.5 So give your servant, he says, a discerning heart, so that I can listen and judge your people justly, and tell the difference between what is right and what is treacherous."6
The Nature of True Wisdom
True wisdom stems from the fear of God and leads to enduring praise, as exemplified by Solomon's initial request.
You've seen that the fear of God gives birth to wisdom, just as the prophet says: "The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord." For all who set out to live in wisdom until their very end endure and suffer many hardships and testings for God's sake.7 The parable: and there is one and the same understanding for all who live this way.8 The interpretation: God's glory and praise are without end, and so are all those who are held fast by the fear of God and walk in it.9 But not for a while only, and then to pull away from it after a time — no, it belongs to all those who walk always and with their whole soul in the fear of God; the praise that is theirs has no end.✦ It was the same with Solomon: when he was young he feared God and carried the fear of God in him, and he lived in the wisdom and good judgment of the spirit. For it says that he asked for no gold, no silver, no pearls, no precious stones, none of this world's glory, none of its wealth. Instead he said: "Give me," he says, "an understanding heart, so that I may listen and judge your people justly and may know good from evil." And what did God answer him? Solomon's request pleased God, and he said to him: "Since this is what you asked of me, here — I give you an understanding heart and a wisdom no one before you has had, and no one after you will ever have.
God's Gifts and Solomon's Decline
God granted Solomon wisdom, wealth, and long life, but he later succumbed to gluttony and lost his way.
And look, I'm giving you even what you didn't ask for: glory and wealth such as no other king has ever had. And if you keep my commandments and walk in my ways and live by my law, as your father David walked, I will lengthen your life as well." And in his youth Solomon was given wisdom by God, wisdom greater than that of anyone else alive on earth, and he kept God's righteousness, just as his father David had. And it says that Solomon loved God and gladly walked the way his father had taught him. That's why God loved him in return, and the Lord heard every one of his prayers, and Solomon was greater than the other kings — greater than all of them. They all paid him tribute and brought him lavish gifts.10 But when Solomon began to grow old — just when he needed more sense and more wisdom — that's when, at the devil's urging, he went out of his right mind and lost both his sense and his wisdom. For he grew coarse, it says: he thickened himself and stretched his belly wide with heavy eating and with drink.11
Solomon's Final Apostasy
Solomon abandoned God for idolatry, leading to God's renewed anger and the prophecy of kingdom division.
And he did other things as well, things that were not fitting; he gave himself over completely to sexual immorality and to every kind of defilement, and he abandoned God, who had made him, and forsook the Lord and Savior, and he provoked to anger the one who had done him good, and filled him with bitterness by his filthy deeds.12 For it says that his wives turned Solomon's heart away from God toward their own gods so completely that he no longer gave him a single thought. And Solomon kept taking part in those defiled and detestable sacrifices, and he ate from them. And he did what was treacherous in God's sight, and God grew angry with Solomon, because he had turned his heart away from the Lord his God, who had appeared to him twice and had told him: "Since you have not kept my commandments and the law I commanded you, I will take the kingdom out of your hands and give it to your servant; only I will not do this in your days, for the sake of your father David, but I will take the kingdom out of the hands of your sons.13 Only I will not take from them the standards of all the kingdoms either, and that for the sake of my servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen to be my own city."1415
Lessons on Divine Sovereignty and Obedience
Rulers should not be arrogant, as God grants and removes kingdoms based on obedience to His law.
So then, let no one deceive himself or think himself great — whether he's an emperor, or a ruling prince, or a boyar, or whatever else he may be; because God gives all these things, and God takes them away.✦16 And it was God who gave Solomon the kingdom too, for it is written and says: 'The Lord swore to David in truth, and he did not go back on it: "From the fruit of your body I will set up your throne—if your sons keep my law."'17 But David's sons did not keep God's law. And so God removed them from the kingship, as ungrateful men. Whoever has ears to hear, let him listen and understand.✦
Jeroboam's Rise
Jeroboam, a capable servant of Solomon, rebelled and was placed in charge of the house of Joseph.
Jeroboam, son of Nebat, from Ephrath, who lived in Zeredah, a widow's son and a servant of Solomon—he too rebelled against King Solomon because that was just how he operated.1819 Jeroboam was a strong, capable man, and Solomon recognized his potential, so he put him in charge of all the affairs of the house of Joseph.20
Read the original Romanian
Atunci zidi Solomon capiște naltă idolilor și alte lucruri spurcate și împuțite, așijderea făcu și tuturor muerilor sale deosebi și făcea jărtve dumnezeilor lor. Iar Dumnezeu să mânie pre Solomon, căci își întoarse inima de cătră Domnul Dumnezeul lui Israil, carii i să arătase în 2 rânduri și-i zisése într-amândoao rândurile de acéstea de toate, ca să nu umble după alți dumnezei, ci să păzească și să ție cum i-au poruncit Domnul Dumnezeul lui. Și zise Dumnezeu cătră Solomon: „Deaca, de vréme ce ai făcut așa și n-ai păzit poruncile méle, care te-am învățat, iată eu voi lua împărățiia din mâinile tale și o voi da slugii tale. Ci însă aceasta nu o voiu face în zilele tale, pentru tată-tău David, iar den mâinile feciorilor tăi eu o voi lua; iar pentru David, robul mieu, și pentru Ierusalimul, cetatea mea, care o am ales, nu le voi lua împărățiia toată“. Și rădică Dumnezeu pizma și asupra lui Solomon.
Auzise toți căci, când să arătase Dumnezeu lui Solomon, îi zisese: „Cére de la mine ce-ți iaste voia”, iar Solomon zisese: „Eu sunt cocon mic și tânăr și nu știu nici întrarea mea, nici eșitul mieu; ci iată sunt robul tău, în mijlocul oamenilor tăi. Ci-mi dă, zice, robului tău inimă chibzuitoare, ca să ascultu și să judec oamenilor tăi în dreptate și să pricep dreptatea și hicleșugul”.
Văzuși că frica lui Dumnezeu naște înțelepciune, cum zice prorocul: „Începătura înțelepciunii iaste frica Domnului”; că câți încep să viețuiască întru înțelepciune până în sfârșitul lor, ei radă și pătimescu pentru Dumnezeu multe nevoi și ispitiri. Pilda: Și ună înțelégere iaste la toți cei ce o fac. Tâlcul: Că slava și lauda lui Dumnezeu iaste făr’ de sfârșit și toți câți suntu cu frica lui Dumnezeu cuprinși și umblă într-însa. Însă nu pân’ la o vréme, iar de la o vréme să să dăzlipească de dânsa, ci acelora a tuturor, carii umblă totdeauna și cu tot sufletul în frica lui Dumnezeu, a acelora le iaste lauda făr’ de sfârșit. Așijderea și Solomon, cându fu tânăr, el fu temător și purtător de frica lui Dumnezeu; ci petrecea întru înțelepciunea și chibzuiala duhului. Că zice că n-au cerșut nici aur, nici argintu, nici mărgăritar, nici pietri scumpe, nici slava lumii aceștiia, nici bogățiia ei; ci au zis: „Dă-mi, zice, inima pricipătoare să ascultu și să judec oamenilor tăi întru dreptate și să cunoscu binele și răul”. Dar Dumnezeu ce-i răspunse? Că plăcu lui Dumnezeu cererea lui Solomon și zise cătră dânsul: „Deaca vréme ce cerșuși de la mine aceasta, iată-ți dau inimă înțelegătoare și înțelepciune, care n-au fostu la nimeni mai nainte de tine, nici după tine nu va mai fi la altul.
Și iată că-ți dau încă și ce n-ai cerșut: slavă și bogăție, cât n-au fost la alt împărat. Și de vei păzi poruncile méle și vei umbla pre căile méle și vei face légea mea, cum au umblat tată-tău David, eu îți voiu mai lungi și viiața”. Și era Solomon în tineréțele sale dăruit de Dumnezeu cu înțelepciunea, care era mai mare decât înțelepciunile tuturor oamenilor câți era pre pământu, și păzea dreptatea lui Dumnezeu, ca și tată-său David. Și zice că iubi Solomon pre Dumnezeu și-i fu drag să umble după cum îl învățase tată-său. Dreptu acéia și Dumnezeu iubi pre dânsul, și toate rugăciunile lui i le asculta Domnul, și era Solomon mai mare decât alți împărați, decât toți. Și-i da lui toți haraci și-i aducea daruri mari. Iar deaca începu Solomon a bătrâni și cându trebuia minté și înțelepciune mai multă, atuncea el cu îndemnarea diavolului își ieși din fire și din minte și să lipsi de minte și de înțelepciune. Că îngroșându, zice, își îngroșă și-și lărgi pântecele cu mâncări multe și cu beții.
Și alte lucruri făcea, care nu să cădea; și să déde cu totul spre curvie și spre toate spurcăciunile, și lăsă pre Dumnezeu, care l-au făcut, și părăsi pre Domnul și mântuitoriul și mânie pre făcătoriul lui de bine și-l umplu de amărăciune cu lucrurile sale céle spurcate. Că atâta zice că-i întoarseră lui Solomon inima de cătră Dumnezeu muerile lui, cătră dumnezeii lor, cât nici cum nu-și mai aducea aminte de dânsul. Și umbla Solomon tot în jertvele céle spurcate și urâte și dintr-însele mânca. Și făcu lucru hiclean înaintea lui Dumnezeu, și să mânie Dumnezeu pre Solomon, căci își întoarse inima de cătră Domnul Dumnezeul său, care i să arătase în 2 rânduri și-i zisése: „De vréme ce n-ai păzit poruncile mele și légea care țe-am poruncit eu, voi lua împărățiia din mâinile tale și o voi da-o slugii tale; ce numai nu o voi face aceasta în zilele tale, pentru tată-tău David, ci voi lua împărățiia din mâinile feciorilor tăi. Numai nu voi lua nici de la dânșii steagurile împărățiilor tuturor, iar pentru robul mieu David și pentru Ierusalimul, care l-am ales să-mi fie mie cetate”.
Dreptu acéia nimeni să nu să amăgească și să să ție mare, măcar să fie împărat, măcar domnu, măcar boiariu, măcar fiește ce va fi; că acéstea toate Dumnezeu le dă, Dumnezeu le ia. Și lui Solomon iar Dumnezeu îi déde împărățiia, că iaste scris și zice: „Jură-se Domnul lui David cu adeverință și nu să lepădă de dânsa că „din roada pântecilui tău voi pune scaunul tău, de vor păzi légea mea, feciorii tăi”.” Iar feciorii lui David nu păziră légea lui Dumnezeu. Dreptu acéia îi scoase Dumnezeu din împărăție, ca pre niște nemulțumitori. Cel ce aude să asculte și să înțeleagă.
Ierovoam, feciorul lui Navat, carele era la Efrathul de la Sarir, fecior de văduvă, slugă lui Solomon, și acesta își rădică mâna spre Solomon împărat, că așa era lucrul lui. Și era Ierovaam om tare și vârtos, iar Solomon îl cunoscu că va să facă om bărbat și de treabă și-l puse ispravnic preste toate câte era ale casei lui Iosif.
Scripture echoes
- ↩1Kgs.11.7-1Kgs.11.8 — Then Solomon built a high place for Chemosh, the detestable god of Moab, on the mountain that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the detestable god of the Ammonites. 1Kgs.11.8 — And so he did for all his foreign wives, who were burning sacrifices and offering to their gods.
- ↩1Kgs.11.9-1Kgs.11.10 — And the LORD was angry with Solomon, because his heart had turned away from the LORD, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him twice. 1Kgs.11.10 — And He commanded him concerning this matter, not to walk after other gods; but he did not keep what the LORD commanded.
- ↩1Kgs.11.11 — Therefore the LORD said to Solomon, "Because this has been done by you, and you have not kept my covenant and my statutes that I commanded you, I will surely tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant.
- ↩1Kgs.11.12-1Kgs.11.13 — But in your days I will not do it, for the sake of David your father; from the hand of your son I will tear it away. 1Kgs.11.13 — Yet I will not tear away the whole kingdom; I will give one tribe to your son, for the sake of David my servant, and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I have chosen.
- ↩1Kgs.11.14 — And the LORD raised up an adversary against Solomon: Hadad the Edomite, of the royal seed, who was in Edom.
- ↩Deut.6.5 — And you shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.
- ↩Job.1.21;Dan.2.21 — And he said, 'Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked I will return there. The LORD gave, and the LORD has taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.' Dan.2.21 — And it is He who changes the times and the seasons; He removes kings and sets up kings; He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to those who have understanding.
- ↩Matt.11.15;Mark.4.9;Luke.8.8;Matt.13.23 — The one who has ears, let him hear. Mark.4.9 — And he said, "Whoever has ears to hear, let him hear." Luke.8.8 — And other seed fell on good soil, and when it grew, it produced fruit a hundredfold. As he said these things, he called out, 'Let anyone with ears to hear, listen!' Matt.13.23 — But the one sown on good soil — this is the one who hears the word and understands it; indeed, this one bears fruit and yields, one a hundredfold, another sixty, another thirty.
Notes
- 1 ↩"capiște" is a Slavonic-derived word for a pagan temple or idol-shrine; rendered "high shrine" to hold both the building and its cultic function. "deosebi" is taken as "separately, each on its own" (a shrine for each wife's god), the sense supported by the biblical account behind this passage.
- 2 ↩"Deaca, de vréme ce" doubles two causal openers ("since, seeing that"); rendered once as "Since" to avoid an unnatural stutter in English while keeping the full causal force. "iată" ("behold") is carried by the emphatic future rather than a separate archaic marker.
- 3 ↩"Ci însă" is a doubled adversative ("but yet"); rendered "Even so" to keep the concessive force without doubling the English conjunction. "în zilele tale" is literally "in your days"; "in your own lifetime" carries the same sense plainly.
- 4 ↩"pizma" spans spite, envy, and hostility; "enmity" fits the narrative, where God raises up adversaries against Solomon. The parallel biblical wording is "raised up an adversary," but the Romanese keeps an abstract noun, so the abstract is preserved here.
- 5 ↩"nu știu nici întrarea mea, nici eșitul mieu" is the Hebraic idiom for not knowing how to conduct oneself — literally "my going in or my going out." Rendered idiomatically to keep the biblical cadence without archaism.
- 6 ↩"dreptatea și hicleșugul" — literally "righteousness and treachery/deceit." The scriptural model (1 Kings 3:9) has "between good and evil"; the Romanian text sharpens the contrast toward justice versus duplicity, fitting a mirror-for-princes on ruling. Translated as written rather than harmonized to the biblical wording.
- 7 ↩The text reads "ei radă"; the intended form is almost certainly "rabdă" (they endure), which the sense requires alongside "pătimescu" (they suffer).
- 8 ↩"cei ce o fac" literally "those who do it" — the antecedent is the wisdom-and-fear of the preceding sentence; rendered "live this way" for clarity.
- 9 ↩The sentence is grammatically incomplete in the source: the second clause has no predicate. Translated with the most plausible intended sense — that those gripped by the fear of God share in that unending glory and praise, which is what the following sentence spells out.
- 10 ↩"haraci" is the Ottoman-era term for tribute paid by a vassal; rendered "tribute" to keep the political sense the author's readers would have heard.
- 11 ↩"îngroșându ... își îngroșă" plays on a single verb meaning both to grow physically fat and to grow spiritually coarse or dull; the English keeps both senses by pairing "grew coarse" with "thickened."
- 12 ↩"curvie" is the older Romanian term for fornication/whoredom; in this Solomon narrative it carries both the literal sexual sense and the prophetic sense of idolatrous unfaithfulness. Rendered "sexual immorality" to keep the concrete force without flattening the idolatry theme that follows.
- 13 ↩"hiclean" in this period means treacherous/perfidious rather than merely "wicked"; the point is broken faith with a covenant partner, so "treacherous" is kept over a generic "evil."
- 14 ↩"steagurile împărățiilor tuturor" (literally "the banners/standards of all the kingdoms") is opaque. The underlying oracle (1 Kings 11:13) says God will not tear away the whole kingdom but will leave one tribe. The Romanian appears to render the idea of the remaining royal insignia — the sovereignty left in the house of David. Translated literally as "standards" with the sense preserved rather than harmonized to the biblical wording.
- 15 ↩"iar" here functions as a weak connective joining the reservation to its motive; rendered "and that for the sake of" rather than a contrastive "but," since no contrast is available in the clause.
- 16 ↩"Boyar" (boiariu) is kept as the Romanian term for a member of the landed noble class — the third rung in the ladder of ranks the text is listing (emperor, prince, boyar).
- 17 ↩"nu să lepădă de dânsa" literally "did not renounce/reject it," i.e. did not retract the oath; rendered "did not go back on it" to keep the plain force of a sworn promise.
- 18 ↩The place names in the source are garbled forms of the biblical account (1 Kings 11:26): "Efrathul" corresponds to the Ephrathite designation and "Sarir" to Zeredah. Rendered as the most plausible intended reading.
- 19 ↩"că așa era lucrul lui" is ambiguous: it may mean "that was his character/practice" or "that was his office/task" (i.e., what he had been appointed to). Translated with the former sense, which fits the narrative of rebellion; the latter would point ahead to his stewardship in the next sentence.
- 20 ↩"casei lui Iosif" reflects the biblical "house of Joseph" (1 Kings 11:28), i.e., the forced labor of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, not Solomon's own household.
Teachings of Neagoe Basarab to His Son Theodosios companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit