De adversis, si forte contigerint.
Adversity and Trust in God
Rulers must not despair in adversity, because earthly prosperity can be more spiritually dangerous than hardship.
But if, for those who rule well and keep God's commandments, some adverse things should happen in this world, they ought not at once to be saddened, flee from Him, and despair of His help, but rather to act confidently and fully trust in God's goodness. For this whole transitory life is a testing for the just, in which prosperity sometimes does more harm than adversity, because prosperity casts down God's chosen ones, but adversity instructs them.
The Five Ages of Earthly Rule
Earthly kingdoms pass through five seasons—toil, growth, fullness, decline, and collapse—like the phases of the moon.
For as the wise say, the earthly kingdom consists in five kinds of seasons. For the first season of toil is when struggle is waged through the clamor of enemies and wars. The second is when the kingdom itself, by its own growth, stretches like the moon all the way to fullness. The third season is its fullness, when it is not offended by anyone on any side, but in the fullness of its own glory it is honored like the brightness of a full moon. The fourth season is when the kingdom's loftiness begins to wane like the moon. Furthermore, the fifth and last season is one of struggle and contradiction, when the public order, like the tower of Shiloh, falls from on high, and no one wants to do anything good to stabilize the commonwealth.
The Instability of Earthly Glory
Earthly glory is as changeable as the moon and the shifting storms of human life, and true permanence belongs only to heaven.
From this we can see how unstable and changeable earthly glory is, since it never stays the same, but, just as the moon waxes through its phases in prosperous times, so too it wanes in times of trouble. But glory without changeability is by no means found on earth, only in the heavenly kingdom. For in the fleeting power of this age and in the confused inconstancy of passing things, just as calm is often restored from the storms of adversity, so too calm conditions are turned back into storms.1
Giving Thanks in Adversity
A prudent ruler should give thanks to God in adversity as in prosperity, for Christian praise in suffering is a distinctive mark of faith.
So if any troubles befall a prudent leader of the public good, he should not immediately be shattered by such storms of chaos, but instead be strengthened in the Lord with firm courage and give thanks to the Almighty in adversity, just as in times of prosperity he used to give thanks for the Lord's mercy. For it is not enough when we rejoice in the blessings of God that come to us. For even the pagan does this, and the Jew, the tax collector, and the Gentile, but it is the proper strength of Christians to give thanks to the Creator even in what seems like adversity, so that a joyful mind may break forth in praise of God and we may say: 'Naked I came from my mother's womb, naked I shall return.'✦ "As it pleased the Lord, so it is done; blessed be the name of the Lord."✦
The Good and the Wicked in Tribulation
The afflicted righteous give thanks like holy vessels, while the proud and greedy murmur against God.
For whenever any trouble arises in the world, the good, like holy vessels, give thanks to God who deigns to chastise them; but the proud, the dissolute, and the greedy blaspheme against God and murmur, saying: 'O God, what great evil have we done that we should suffer such things?'
God the Healing Physician
God corrects and heals His own, sometimes with gentle comfort and sometimes with sharp but merciful medicine.
But in the case of good people who are afflicted, we read in Job: "Blessed is the one who is corrected by the Lord."✦ So don't reject the Lord's rebuke, because the one who wounds is the one who heals; he strikes, and his hands will make you well.✦ For God often comforts us with gentle remedies, yet just as often he adds the sharpest possible medicine to affliction, and like a most kind physician, eager to cut away rotten flesh and cauterize festering wounds, he does not hold back in order to hold back, nor does he show mercy now so that he may show greater mercy later.
Spiritual Armor for Spiritual Battle
Conflict sharpens the soul, and a just ruler must put on the full armor of God, as biblical kings did, to overcome every enemy.
But at times wars and any kind of hardship are more useful to us than peace and leisure, because peace makes us soft and slack, and timid to boot, while conflict sharpens the mind and persuades us to treat present things as though they were already passing away, and often, by the grace of heaven ordering it so, it produces the sweetest fruits of a greater peace and harmony. And so Emperor Constantine said: 'Friendships restored to harmony after the causes of enmity are all the sweeter.' Whoever, then, is a good and just ruler who wants to escape or triumph completely over spiritual and fleshly enemies and every kind of hardship, let them be equipped and adorned with spiritual armor, as the Apostle says: put on the breastplate of righteousness, the helmet of hope, and be shielded as well by the buckler of faith, and stand out gleaming with the sword of God's word.✦ It is with these and similar weapons that we very frequently read in many passages of Scripture that the most renowned kings of the earth were equipped, overcame their foes, carried off great trophies from their enemies, and governed famous kingdoms long and well. How Saint David, to pass over others for the sake of brevity, was equipped with spiritual arms, and because he feared the true God with his whole heart and loved him, he had escaped many dangers and often struck the enemies of the Lord with fitting punishment.
The Fleeting World
Like the moon, smoke, and a river, earthly glory and all creation are in constant flux, and sudden ruin follows fleeting peace.
As the moon's globe grows bright with measured light, drawn into its gleaming sphere by its rays, and now wanes as its horned orb shifts with changing motion, so earthly kingdoms grow in glory with a twofold course, now prospering, now diminished by adversity from its risings—courtly scepters. Why do we complain that human affairs are fleeting? Like smoke and a rushing river—don't the elements of the world alternate their recurrence in just this way? After a clear day, darkness follows; after calm, gentle breezes, a fierce storm at once rises up with dark, heavy clouds. In this way, whirlpools of Lithium follow sweet peace, and sudden ruin follows from where the human race withers like a flower of the field.
A Ruler's Prayer in Affliction
A devout ruler, with broken heart and joyful face, blesses God's creative work, accepts His healing rod, and drinks the cup of salvation.
But when a devout ruler, with a broken heart and a cheerful countenance, feels fresh losses, he offers thanks to the Lord Almighty in this way: 'Blessed offspring of the most high Father, who create and renew the whole world—now we bring your thanks as wholesome medicine for us.' Then you chastise us with a healing rod, willing that we be saved and radiant as lambs in the sacred fold of your flock, O best shepherd. From this, the cup of myrrh-flavored liquid that your right hand dutifully extends to us—so that we may be saved, we gladly drink the gifts of salvation.
Armed with the Cross
The chapter closes with a petition for spiritual armor and the triumphant sign of the cross against every enemy.
We ask for arms: us, with the resisting breastplate of the just and the safe helmet of hope ablaze, with the burning sword of the word and the shield of faith.✦ And with the sign of the cross as its shining horn, display it for the prayers of your pleading people, to overcome all the arrogance of our enemies, with you ruling.
Read the original Latin
At vero si bene regnantibus et praecepta Dei custodientibus aliqua in hoc mundo adversa contigerint, nec mox debent contristati ab eo refugere atque de eius auxilio desperare, sed fiducialiter agere ac de Dei bonitate pleniter confidere. Siquidem haec transitoria vita est iusto temptatio tota, in qua plus interdum nocent prospera quam adversa, quia Dei electos prospera deiciunt, adversa vero erudiunt. Ut enim sapientes perhibent, quinque temporum varietatibus regnum terrenum consistit. Nam primum tempus laboris est, quando per fragores hostium et bella contenditur. Secundum vero, quando ipsum regnum suis incrementis ut luna usque ad plenitudinem tendit. Tertium tempus est ipsius plenitudinis, quando undique ab omnibus non offenditur, sed in plenitudine gloriae suae tamquam plenilunii claritas nobilitatur. Quartum tempus est, in quo ipsius regni sublimitas instar lunae decrescere incipit. Porro quintum, quod est novissimum, tempus est colluctationis et contradictionis, quando rei publicae quasi turris Syloa summa corruit, ac nullus ad ipsam rem publicam stabiliendam quicquam boni facere vult.
Unde colligendum est, quam mobilis et quam variabilis sit terreni regni gloria, quae numquam in eodem statu perseverat, sed sicut luna, ut per momenta crescit in prosperis, ita et decrescit in adversis. At vero gloria sine mutabilitate nequaquam in terrestri, sed in caelesti regno invenitur. In momentanea enim huius saeculi potestate et confusa rerum transibilium inconstantia, quomodo saepe ex procellis adversitatum serenitas redditur, ita rursum in procellas serena mutantur. Itaque si aliqua contigerint adversa, qui providus est rei publicae gubernator, nec statim talibus tempestatum turbinibus infringatur, sed econtra valida mentis fortitudine in Domino confortetur atque Omnipotenti gratias in adversis referat, qui in prosperis successibus de domini sui clementia grates agebat. Parum est enim, quando in Dei beneficiis, quae nobis accidunt, gratulamur. Nam et hoc gentilis facit et Iudaeus et publicanus et ethnicus, Christianorum propria virtus est, etiam in his, quae adversa putantur, referre gratias creatori, ut in Dei praeconium mens laeta prorumpat dicamusque: "nudus exivi de utero matris meae, nudus et redeam. Sicut placuit Domino, ita factum est; sit nomen Domini benedictum". Quotiens enim aliqua tribulatio in mundo evenerit, qui boni sunt velut vasa sancta, gratias agunt Deo, qui eos castigare dignatur; illi vero, qui sunt superbi vel luxuriosi vel cupidi, blasphemant contra Deum et murmurant dicentes: "O Deus, quid tantum mali fecimus ut talia patiamur?"
At vero de bonis tribulatis ita in Iob legitur: "beatus homo qui corripitur a Domino. Increpationem ergo Domini ne reprobes, quia ipse vulnerat et medetur, percutiet et manus eius sanabunt". Nam fomentis lenibus, quibus nos Deus saepe consolatur, saepe etiam mordacissimum medicamentum tribulationis adiungit, et quasi clementissimus medicus incidere cupiens putridas carnes et cariosa vulnera adurere cauterio, non parcit, ut parcat, nec miseretur, ut magis misereatur. Interdum vero plus nobis utilia sunt bella et quaelibet adversa quam pax et otium, quia pax delicatos et remissos facit ac timidos, porro bellum et mentem acuit et praesentia quasi transeuntia contemnere persuadet ac saepe superna disponente gratia dulcissimos fructus maioris pacis et concordiae progenerat. Unde et Constantinus imperator: "suaviores", inquit, "sunt amicitiae post inimicitiarum causas ad concordiam restitutae". Quisquis vero bonus et iustus rector spirituales et carnales hostes nec non quaelibet adversa vel evadere vel triumphaliter vincere desiderat, armamentis spiritualibus munitus atque ornatus fiat, iuxta apostolum indutus lorica iustitiae, galea spei nec non clipeo fidei protectus ac divini sermonis gladio coruscus emineat. His enim et talibus armis sanctos atque clarissimos terrarum reges fuisse munitos et superasse adversarios et ampla tropaea de hostibus retulisse atque inclita regna diu et feliciter gubernasse multis scripturarum in locis saepissime legimus. Quomodo sanctus David, ut alios causa brevitatis omittam, armis spiritualibus praeditus, quia Deum verum toto corde timebat et amabat, multa evaserat pericula, atque hostes Domini digna saepe perculit ultione.
Ut globus lunae modo luce crescit Ductus in speram radiis coruscam Nuncque decrescit variante motu Corniger orbis, Regna sic terrae bifido tenore Gloria crescunt modo prosperante, Nunc et adversis minuuntur ortis Aulica sceptra. Res quid humanas querimur fugaces Esse? ceu fumus fluviusque praeceps, Nonne sic mundi variant recursum Haec elementa? Post diem claram tenebrae secuntur, Post serenatas placidas et auras Ilico surgit nebulis opacis Saeva procella. Taliter dulcem sequiturque pacem Litium gurges, subitae ruinae, Unde marcescit hominum propago, Flos velut agri. At pius princeps domino potenti Corde contrito hilaroque vultu Gratias postquam nova damna sentit, Taliter offert: "Patris excelsi benedicta proles, Qui creas totum renovasque mundum, Nunc tuae grates ferimus salubri Nos medicinae. Tunc castigas medicante virga Nos, volens salvos nitidos ut agnos In tui sacra gregis esse caula, Optime pastor? Unde myrrhati calicem liquoris, Quem pie nobis tua dextra porgit, Simus ut salvi, bibimus libenter, Dona salutis.
Nosque lorica renitente iusti Ac spei tuta galea flagrante, Ense sermonis fideique scuto, Quaesumus, arma. Et crucis signo radiante cornu Exhibe votis populi precantis Hostium cunctos superare fastus Te dominante."
Scripture echoes
- ↩Job.1.21 — And he said, 'Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked I will return there. The LORD gave, and the LORD has taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.'
- ↩Job.1.21 — And he said, 'Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked I will return there. The LORD gave, and the LORD has taken away; blessed be the name of the LORD.'
- ↩Job.5.17 — Behold, blessed is the one whom God reproves; therefore do not despise the discipline of the Almighty.
- ↩Job.5.18 — For he wounds, and he binds up; he strikes, and his hands heal.
- ↩Eph.6.14-Eph.6.17 — Stand firm, then, having fastened the belt of truth around your waist and having put on the breastplate of righteousness. Eph.6.15 — and having shod your feet with the readiness of the gospel of peace Eph.6.16 — In all circumstances, take up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Eph.6.17 — And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.
- ↩Eph.6.14-Eph.6.17 — Stand firm, then, having fastened the belt of truth around your waist and having put on the breastplate of righteousness. Eph.6.15 — and having shod your feet with the readiness of the gospel of peace Eph.6.16 — In all circumstances, take up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Eph.6.17 — And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.
Notes
- 1 ↩transibilium is a rare form; rendered as 'passing' in keeping with the sense of transitory things.
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