SR
Chapter 2MenosprAldea.1.2

Capítulo I: DO EL AUCTOR PRUEVA QUE NINGÚN CORTESANO SE PUEDE QUEXAR SINO DE SÍ MISMO

The Wisdom of the Ancients

Philip of Macedon serves as an example of royal prudence, humility, and detachment from worldly display.

The philosopher Theophrastus recorded that Philip, the father of Alexander, far surpassed other kings not only in rank and arms but also in prudence, eloquence, and character. He therefore used to say that the Athenians were blessed, since every single year they found ten men they could elect as generals; for he himself, over many years, had found only one general—namely his friend Parmenion. When many brilliant successes were reported to him in a single day, he said: "O Fortune, for so many and such great goods, strike me with some small misfortune."1 And after the Greeks were defeated, when some advised him to hold the cities with garrisons, he said, "I would rather be called kind for a long time than master for a short while." And on a certain flight, when he was eating dried figs and barley bread, he said: "What a pleasure I had never known!"2 Philip often—very often, in fact—used to say that anyone about to speak to a king should use soft and gentle words.3 When someone was showing off a beautifully decorated shield, he remarked that a Greek man ought to put his hope more in his right hand than in his left, and so on.4 So much for this.

The Greatness of a Mind that Scorns Greatness

Philosophers debate the greatest thing in the world, concluding that it is the mind that despises worldly riches and power.

After the illustrious Prince Philip defeated the Athenians, it happened one night while he was dining that a conversation started between him and the philosophers present about what was the greatest thing in the world. One philosopher said, "In my view, the greatest thing in the world is water, because we see that there is more of it alone than of all other things put together." Another philosopher argued that the greatest thing in the world was the Sun, since its radiance alone is enough to light the sky, the air, the earth, and the water. Another philosopher said that the greatest thing in the world was the great Mount Olympus, whose summit rose above the air, and that from its height the whole world came into view. Another philosopher claimed that the greatest thing in the world was the legendary giant Atlas, over whose tomb the formidable Mount Etna was built. Another philosopher said that the greatest thing in the world was the great poet Homer, who was so famous in life and so mourned in death that seven very great peoples fought among themselves over who would keep his bones. The last and wisest philosopher said: "Nothing else among human affairs is great except a mind that despises great things."5 By these words he meant: nothing can truly be called great in this present life except the heart that scorns great things.6 O lofty and most lofty maxim! It is certainly worth noting and even memorizing, for it helps us understand that among the riches and grandeurs of this life, the person with the spirit to scorn them is far more worthy and glorious than the one with the cunning to win them. Livy praises, and never finishes praising, the good consul Marcus Curius: when the Samnite ambassadors came to his house to settle terms with him over a certain piece of land, and for that purpose offered him a great deal of silver and gold, and he happened just then to be washing some cabbages and putting them on to cook in a pot, he answered them with these words: "To the captains who scorn to fix their own pot and dine on a supper like this—to them you should take all that gold and silver, for for myself I want no greater riches than to be master of the masters of such wealth."7 Did this consul Marcus Curius not earn more glory by the talents of gold and silver he scorned from the Samnites than consul Lucullus by what he plundered from the peoples of Asia?8 (I). Did the good philosopher Socrates not deserve more glory for the great riches he cast into the seas than King Nebuchadnezzar for the many treasures he stole from the temple?9 By any chance,10 didn't the people of the Balearic Islands deserve more glory for refusing to allow gold or silver among them than the vain Greeks who traveled all the way from Greece to Spain to plunder its mines? Was the spirit of the good emperor Augustus not greater in scorning the empire than that of his uncle Julius Caesar in winning it?11

The True Measure of Greatness

True greatness is found in the strength to hold worldly things in contempt rather than in the ambition to acquire them.

To take something on, you need sound judgment; to set it in order, experience; to keep it going, diligence; and to finish it, fortune. But to sustain it, I say you need real strength, and to hold it in contempt, great spirit—because it's easier for someone to despise what they only see with their eyes than what they already have in their hands.12 We've seen many illustrious men with fortune enough—and more—to undertake and even achieve great things, and afterward not have the spirit to unload themselves and free themselves of any of them; from which it can very well be gathered that greatness of heart does not consist in attaining what one greatly desires, but in holding in contempt what one loves most. Apollonius of Tyana scorned his own homeland and crossed all of Asia to go visit the philosopher Hiarcas in great India.13 The philosopher Aristotle scorned the high favor he enjoyed with King Alexander, for no other reason than to return to his academy and teach philosophy.14 Nicodio the philosopher scorned the immense treasure the great King Cyrus was giving him, because he would neither follow him in war nor instruct him in peace.15 The philosopher Anaxilo turned down the top office of the Athenian republic three times, saying he would rather serve the good than be the hangman for the wicked.16 Caecilius Metellus, the famous Roman general, never would accept the dictatorship they offered him or the consulship they held out to him, saying he wanted to enjoy in peace what he had won with so much toil in war. The whole world knows how the great emperor Diocletian renounced the empire, and he did it for no other reason than to escape the turmoil of public life and enjoy the quiet of his own home. You have to think highly of a man who has the heart to despise a kingdom or an empire; but I think far more highly of the one who despises himself and refuses to be ruled by his own opinion—because there isn't a person in the world who isn't more in love with what he wants than with what he already has. However ambitious and greedy a man may be, if he walks ten days after having, he'll walk a hundred after wanting; because the hardships men go through aren't for keeping what they have, but for getting what they want.17 If we travel, if we wear ourselves out, if we stay up nights and lose sleep, it isn't to meet necessity, but to satisfy our will; and worst of all, not content with what we can do, we strain for the power to do what we want.18 How many men have we seen in the courts of princes who would have been better off never becoming masters of their power or their own will!19 For afterward, by doing everything they could and everything they wanted, they ended up doing what they ought not.

The Enemy Within

We must stop blaming others for our troubles and recognize that we are our own worst enemies through our pride and folly.

If we must ask forgiveness of the person we've offended, let each of us ask forgiveness of himself before he asks it of anyone else; because no one in this life has done me as much harm as I have brought upon myself. Who perched me on the summit of pride if not my own presumption and folly alone!20 Who would dare poison himself with the venom of envy if not my presumption and folly alone? Who would dare, at every step, to kindle and fan the fire of anger within me if it weren't for my own impatience? Who is the cause of my being so disordered among delicacies if not that I have raised myself so pampered and greedy for food? Who would dare hold me back from sharing my estate with the needy poor if not my being so devoted a lover of my own money?21 Who gives my flesh permission to rise up against my holy desires if not my heart, which festers with frivolous thoughts? For all these harms and such obvious wrongs, against whom will you bring the charge, O my soul—22 if not against my own sensuality? It’s great folly, when the thief is already in the house, to go outside and search for him. What I mean by all this is that it's great vanity—and even frivolity—when the fault is in us, to lodge our complaint against others; because we must take it as settled that we will never stop complaining until we begin to amend ourselves.23 Oh, how many, many times, deep in the center of our hearts, things go fighting and toying—while we ourselves are estranged!24 The poet Ovid writes of the lovesick Phyllis of Rhodope, who blamed herself rather than anyone else when she said: "I gave you the oars with which you would flee from me; alas, I suffer wounds made by my own weapons."25 As if she had said it more clearly:

The Mirror of Self-Deception

Historical and literary figures illustrate the danger of self-deception, urging us to seek counsel and amend our own lives rather than complaining of fortune.

O Demophon, my friend and lover! If I hadn't set my heart on loving you, or given you money to leave, or fitted out ships for you to sail, or bargained with the pirates to keep you safe, you would never have dared to go, and I would have nothing to complain about. so that my own weapons left my heart wounded. If we believe Josephus on Mariamne, Homer on Helen, Plutarch on Cleopatra, Maro on Queen Dido, Theophrastus on Polyxena, Xantipus on Camilla, and Asenario on Clodra, those excellent princesses didn't complain so much about the mockery they suffered from their lovers as they did about themselves for what they had believed and even consented to.26 If we trust Suetonius, Xantipus, and Plutarch regarding great Pompey, King Pyrrhus, the famous Hannibal, Consul Marius, Dictator Sulla, the invincible Caesar, and the unfortunate Mark Antony, they didn't earn the world's pity so much because Fortune cast them down and trampled them cruelly, but because they governed themselves poorly in their prosperity and trusted too much in themselves.27 It's no less true that relatives and friends sometimes upset us and rob us of our peace; but in the end no one comes and brings us the great hardships and notorious troubles—we go looking for them ourselves. And that's clear enough in this: we push into affairs so inflamed and so ill-digested that we can't get out of them without being hurt or battered. Many people say they have enemies and never think to count themselves among them — though it's true that no man in the world takes anyone else for a greater enemy than each one is to himself; and the worst harm in this is that, under the pretext of wanting to get ahead and better myself, I myself cast myself to ruin.28 When the philosopher Neótido was asked what was the soundest counsel a man could take for himself among all counsels, he answered: There is no counsel for a man so sound as to ask counsel of another and not trust his own judgment. That was a wise answer from this philosopher, and a famous teaching too; for in this life no one can find so great a treasure as the man who finds himself — and, on the contrary, no one loses so much as the one who loses himself through himself.29 Sensible people must be more wary and cautious of themselves than of others, because just when things seem best, life deceives them, evils ambush them, sorrows seize and frighten them, and even ambitions bury them.30 If we were willing to look at what we are—what we're made of, who we are, and what we're for—we'd find it true that our beginning is forgetfulness, our middle is toil, our end is pain, and all of it together is a clear mistake. Oh, how sad—or how miserable—this life is, in which there are so many missteps along the way, so many mires to sink into, so many cliffs to fall from, so many paths to go astray on, so many passes to get through, so many thieves to fear, and even so many mishaps in our dealings, that very few go where they would want, or even reach where they once hoped to be!31 We have said all this so that our courtiers may see how neither they nor I know how to love, or even how to hate; how to choose the good and cast off the bad; how to avoid what harms and hold on to what helps; how to follow reason and turn away from occasion—but if something turns out well for us, we thank fortune, and if badly, we complain of our bad luck.32

Read the original Latin

Theophrastus philosophus memoriae prodidit Philippum, Alexandri patrem, non solum dignitate et armis sed etiam prudentia, eloquentia et moribus multo aliis regibus praestitisse. Athenienses igitur beatos esse dictitabat ut qui singulis quibusque annis decem invenirent quos imperatores eligerent; se namque unum dumtaxat imperatorem per multos annos invenisse, scilicet, suum Parmenionem amicum. Cummulti successus praeclari uno die sibi muntiati forent, inquit: o fortuna, pro tot tantisque bonis exiguo me aliquo malo affice. Devictis autem graecis, cum quidam ipsi consulerent ut praesidiis urbes contineret, inquit: malo diu benignus quam brevi tempore dominus appellari. In fuga vero quadam, cum siccisque ficubus et pane hordaceo vesceretur, inquit: qualis voluptatis inexpertus eram.

Saepe imo saepissime Philippus dicebat, eum qui regem alloquuturus esset bissinis et mollibus uti verbis. Cum quidam scutum pulcherrime ornatum ostentaret, inquit: graecum virum decet magis in dextra quam in sinistra spem habere, etc. De hoc hactenus.

Después que este muy ilustre príncipe Filipo venció a los atenienses, aconteció que como una noche estuviesse cenando y se moviesse plática entre él y los filósofos que allí se hallavan sobre quál era la mayor cosa que avía en el mundo, dixo un filósofo: «La mayor cosa que ay en el mundo es a mi ver el agua, pues vemos que ay más della sola que de todas las otras cosas juntas. Otro filósofo dixo que la mayor cosa del mundo era el Sol, pues sólo su resplandor abasta a alumbrar al cielo y al aire y a la tierra y al agua. Otro filósofo dixo que la mayor cosa del mundo era el gran monte Olimpo, la cumbre del qual sobrepuxava al aire y que de lo alto dél se descubría el mundo todo.

Otro filósofo dixo que la mayor cosa del mundo era el muy famoso gigante Atlas, sobre la sepultura del qual estava fundado el espantable monte Etna. Otro filósofo dixo que la mayor cosa del mundo era el gran poeta Homero, el qual fué en la vida tan famoso y en la muerte tan llorado, que pelearon entre sí siete muy grandes pueblos sobre quién guardaría sus huesos. El postrero y más sabio filósofo dixo: Nihil aliud in humanis rebus est magnum nisi animus magna despiciens. Quiso por estas palabras dezir: ninguna cosa con verdad se puede en este momento llamar grande si no es el coraçón que desprescia cosas grandes. ¡O alta y muy alta sentencia! , digna por cierto de notar y aun de a la memoria encomendar, pues por ella se nos da a entender que las riquezas y grandezas desta vida es muy más digno y de mayor gloria el que tiene ánimo para menospresciarlas que no el que tiene ardid para ganarlas. Tito Livio alaba y nunca acaba de alabar al buen cónsul Marco Curio, a la casa del qual, como viniessen los embaxadores de los samnitas a capitular con él cierta tierra y para esto le offresciessen mucha plata y oro y él estuviesse a la saçón lavando unas berças y échándolas a cocer en una olla, respondióles estas palabras: «A los capitanes que se desprescian de adereçar su olla y cenar tal cena ccmo ésta, a essos avéis vosotros de llevar todo esse oro y plata, que yo para mí no quiero otras mayores rique ças sino ser señor de los señores dellas. ¿Por ventura no mereació más gloria este cónsul Marco Curio por los talentos de oro y plata que menospreció de los samnitas que no el cónsul Lúculo por lo que robó a los esparciatas?

(I). ¿Por ventura no meresoió más gloria el tuen filósofo Sócrates por las grandes riquezas qué echó en los mares que no el rey Nabucodonosor por los muchos tesoros que robó del templo? ¿Por ventura. no merescieron más gloria los de las islas Baleares en no consentir entre sí aver oro ni plata que no los vanos griegos que por robar minas de España vinieron a ella desde Grecia? ¿Por ventura no fué mayor el ánimo del buen emperador Augusto en menospreciar el imperio que no el de su tío Julio César en ganarlo?

Para emprender una cosa es menester cordura; para ordenarla, experiencia; para seguirla, indus tría, y para acabarla, fortuna; mas para sustentarla digo que es menester buen esfuerço, y para menospresciarla, grande ánimo; porque más fácilmente menosprescia uno lo que vee con los ojos que no lo que ya tiene entre las manos. A muchos ilustres varones emos visto sobrarles fortuna para emprender y aun para alcançar grandes cosas y después no tener ánimo para descargarse y aliviarse de ninguna dellas; de lo qual se puede muy bien coligir que la grandeza del coraçón no consiste en alcançar lo que él mucho dessea, sino en menospresciar lo que él más ama. Apolonio Tianeo menospresció a su propia patria y atravesó toda la Asia por irse a ver con el filósofo Hiarcas en la grande India. El filósofo Aristóteles menospresció la gran privança que tenía con el rey Alexandro, no por más de por tornarse a su academia a leer filosofía. Nicodio el filósofo menospresció el inmenso tesoro que le dava el gran rey Ciro, por no le querer seguir en la guerra ni doctrinar en la paz.

Anaxilo el filósofo tres vezes menospresció el principado de la república de Atenas, diziendo que más quería ser siervo de los buenos que no verdugo de los malos. Cecilio Metelo, famoso capitán romano, nunca quiso aceptar la dictaduría que le daven ni el consulado que le offrescían, diziendo que quería comer en paz lo que con mucho trabajo avía ganado en la guerra. El gran emperador Diocleciano a todo el mundo es notorio de cómo renunció el imperio, y esto no por más de por huir los bullicios de la república y por gozar del reposo de su casa. En mucho se ha de tener el hombre que tiene coraçón para menospresciar un reino o un imperio; mas yo en mucho más tengo el que menosprescia a sí mismo y que no se rige por el su parescer propio; porque no ay hombre en el mundo que no esté más enamorado de lo que quiere que no de lo que tiene. Por muy ambicioso y por nás codicioso que sea un hombre, si camina diez días tras el tener, caminará ciento en pos del querer; porque los trabajos que los hombres passan no es por tener lo que de ven, sino por alcançar ic que quieren. Si caminamos, si nos fatigamos, si trasnochamos y nos desvelamos, no es por cumplir con la necessidad, sino por satisfazer a la voluntad; y lo peor de todo es que, no contentos con lo que podemos, procuramos de poder lo que que remos. 10 quántos en las cortes de los principes emos visto a los quales les estuviera mejor el nunca ser señores de su poder ni de su querer! ; porque después, haziendo todo lo que podían y lo que querían, vinieron a hazer lo que no devían.

Si al hombre que offendimos emos de pedir perdón, pida cada uno perdón a sí mismo antes que no a otro; porque ninguno desta vida me ha a mí tanto mal hecho como yo mismo a mí mismo me he procurado. ¿Quién me enriscó a mí en la cumbre de la sobervia sino sola mi presumpción y locura!

¿Quién ossara en tosicar con la ponçoña de la embidia sino sola mi presumpción y locura? ¿Quién ossaría encender y soplar a cada passo en mis entrañas el fuego de la ira si no fuesse mi muy grande impaciencia? ¿Quién es la causa de ser yo entre los manjares tan desordenado si no es el averme yo criado tan regalado y goloso? ¿Quién ossaría irme a mí a la mano para no repartir mi hazienda con los pobres necessitados si no es el ser yo muy amador de mis propios dineros? ¿Quién da licencia a mi propia carne para que se levante contra mis sanctos desseos si no es el mi coraçón, que anda enconado con pensamientos livianos? De todo estos daños y de tan notorios agravios, a quién pornéis vos la demanda , o alma mía! , si no es a mi sensualidad propia? Gran locura es estando el ladrón en casa salir fuera a hazer la pesquisa.

Quiero por lo dicho dezir que es gran vanidad, y aun liviandad, estando en nosotros la culpa formar contra otros la que xa; porque nos hemos de tener por dicho que jamás nos acabaremos de quexar sino quando nos començáremos a enmendar. ¡0 quántas y quántas vezes en el centro de nuestros coraçones se andan peleando y trebejando mismo enagenado. El poeta Ovidio cuenta de la muy enamorada Filis la Rodana que de sí misma y no de otro se quexaba quando dezía: Remigiunque dedi quo me jugiturus abires; heu patior tellis vulnera facta meis. Como si más claro dixera:

O Demofón amigo y enamorado mío! , si yo no empleara mi coraçón en te amar, ni diera dineros para te ir, ni aparejara naos para tú navegar, ni capitulara con los cossarios para te assegurar, ni tú te ossaras ir, ni yo tuviera de qué me quexar:

por manera que con mis propias armas fueron mis entrañas heridas. Si creemos a Josefo en lo que dize de Mariana, y a Homero en lo que dize de Elena, y a Plutarco en lo que dize de Cleopatra, y a Marón en lo que dize de la reina Dide, y a Teofrasto en lo que dize de Policena, ya Xantipo en lo que dize de Camila, y a Asenario en lo que dize de Clodra, no se quexaban tanto aquellas excelentes princesas de las burlas que sus enamorados les avían hecho quanto de sí mismas por lo que les avían creído y aun consentido. Si a Suetonio y Xantipo y Plutarco damos fe en lo que cuentan del gran Pompe yo y del rey Pirro y del famoso Aníbal y del cónsul Mario y del ditador Sila y del invencible César y del desdichado Marco Antonio, no llevaron tanta lástima deste mundo por a verlos la fortuna tan cruelmente abatido y atropellado quanto por averse en sus prosperidades mal regido y de sí mismo tanto confiado. No es menos sino que algunas vezes los parientes y amigos nos alteran y desassossiegan; mas al fin los grandes tra- bajos y famosos enojos nadie nos los viene a traer, sino que nosotros nos los imos a buscar; y paresce esto claro en que nos metemos en negocios tan enconados y tan mal digestos que no podemos salir dellos sino lastimados o descalabrados.

Muchos cuentan que tienen enemigos y no se acuerdan de contar a sí entre ellos, como sea verdad que no aya hombre en el mundo que tenga a otro por mayor enemigo como os cada uno de sí mismo; y el mayor daño que en esto ay es que, so color de quererse aprovechar y mejorar, yo mismo a mí mismo me echo a perder. Preguntado el filósofo Neótido que quál era el más sano consejo que entre todos los consejos un hombre para sí podía tomar, respondió: No ay para el hombre otro tan sano consejo como es pedir a otro consejo y no fiarse de su parescer propio, Discreta respuesta y aun famosa doctrina fué la deste filósofo; porque en esta vida ninguno puede hallar tan gran tesoro como el hombre que halla a sí mismo; y por el contrario, ninguno tanto pierde como el que a sí mismo de sí mismo se pierde. Los hombres cuerdos, más de sí que no de otros han de andar sospechosos y recatados; porque al mejor tiempo la vida los engaña, los males los saltean, los pesares los prendan los espantan y aun ambiciones los sepultan.

Si quisiéssemos mirar lo que somos, y de qué somos, y qué somos, y para lo que somos, hallaríamos por verdad que nuestro comienço es olvido; el medio, trabajo; el fin, dolor, y todo junto un manifiesto error. ¡O quán triste, o quán miserable es esta vida, en la qual ay tantos desmanes en el caminar, tantos lodos do entrampar, tantos riscos de do caer, tantas sendas a do errar, tantos puertos por do passar, tantos ladrones a quien temer y aun tantos desmanes en el negociar, que muy poquitos son los que van por do querrían ni aun allegan a do desseavan! Todas estas cosas emos dicho para que vean nuestros cortesanos en cómo ni ellos ni yo sabemos amar ni menos aborrescer, eligir lo bueno y desechar lo malo, evitar lo que daña y conservar lo que aproveche, seguir la razón y apartar la ocasión, sino que si nos sucede bien alguna cosa damos las gracias a la fortuna, y si mal, quexámonos de nuestra mala dicha.

Notes

  1. 1Normalized reading treats Cummulti as Cum multi and muntiati as nuntiati ('were announced/reported').
  2. 2siccisque is slightly awkward in the source; rendered as dried figs (siccis ficubus). hordaceo read as hordeaceo, 'of barley'.
  3. 3Source bissinis (likely byssinis, 'silky/fine-linen') with mollibus verbis is rendered as soft and gentle speech; if the intended reading is blandis, the sense is the same.
  4. 4Right hand vs left: the sword-hand (action/courage) over the shield-hand (defense/display); Philip rebukes ornamental show in favor of martial worth.
  5. 5Source quotes the maxim in Latin (Nihil aliud in humanis rebus est magnum nisi animus magna despiciens). Rendered into English for Modern Readable register; s4 immediately glosses the same sense in Spanish.
  6. 6Source has «en este momento» (“at this moment”). Sense aligns with the Latin «in humanis rebus» and the surrounding contempt-of-world argument; rendered as “in this present life.” If a strict temporal reading is preferred, “just now / at present” is also possible.
  7. 7Normalized «ccmo» as «como» (“like”); «rique ças» as «riquezas» (“riches”).
  8. 8«mereació» read as «mereció» (“earned/deserved”). Ethnonym «esparciatas» is uncertain; Lucullus’s fame is for Eastern plunder, so rendered “the peoples of Asia.”
  9. 9Normalized corrupted forms: meresoió→mereció; tuen→buen; qué→que (relative).
  10. 10Fragmented sentence break: ¿Por ventura. continues in the next sentence ref.
  11. 11Source calls Julius Caesar Augustus's tío (uncle); historically great-uncle/adoptive father. Translated as written.
  12. 12Source splits industria across a line break as “indus tría”; translated as diligence/industry.
  13. 13“Hiarcas” is left as in the Spanish witness; classical tradition more often names Iarchas/Iarchas among the Indian sages associated with Apollonius.
  14. 14“privança” rendered as court favor/intimacy with a prince; “leer filosofía” as teach/lecture philosophy (early modern academic sense of leer).
  15. 15Proper name “Nicodio” retained as in the Spanish text; classical identity is uncertain and may be Guevara’s memory or invention.
  16. 16Source name 'Anaxilo' is retained as printed; classical identification is uncertain.
  17. 17Normalized corruptions for sense: 'nás' → más; 'lo que de ven' read as 'lo que tienen' (what they have); 'ic que' → 'lo que'.
  18. 18Reading 'lo que que remos' as 'lo que queremos' (what we want).
  19. 19Leading '10' treated as a non-textual artifact (page or note marker), not as part of the sentence.
  20. 20enriscó (enriscar): literally to set on a crag/rock; rendered as 'perched' to keep the high, precarious image of pride's summit.
  21. 21Idiom ir a la mano: to restrain or check someone. Read as the love of money restraining him from almsgiving.
  22. 22Source has todo estos (agreement error); sense taken as todos estos, 'all these'.
  23. 23Source reading 'la que xa' treated as corrupt split of 'la quexa' (the complaint): 'formar contra otros la quexa' = to form/lodge the complaint against others.
  24. 24Opening '¡0' read as exclamatory '¡O' (Oh). Closing 'mismo enagenado' is incomplete or corrupt; sense taken as the self/heart itself alienated (enajenado) amid interior conflict. 'trebejando' = playing/toying (not serious combat).
  25. 25Embedded Latin is Ovid, Heroides 2 (Phyllis to Demophoon). Source Latin is corrupt: 'Remigiunque…jugiturus…tellis' corrected to the standard 'Remigiumque dedi quo me fugiturus abires; heu patior telis vulnera facta meis' and rendered in English. 'Filis la Rodana' = Phyllis of Rhodope (Thrace).
  26. 26Source 'ya Xantipo' is almost certainly 'y a Xantipo' ('and to Xantipus'); rendered as a parallel 'and' in the author-list. 'Marón' is Vergilius Maro (Virgil). 'Asenario' and 'Clodra' are kept as in the source; their classical identities are uncertain.
  27. 27Normalized 'Pompe yo' as Pompeyo (Pompey). 'por a verlos' read as 'por haberlos' (Fortune having them so cast down). Agreement of 'abatido y atropellado' is singular in the source against a plural subject list; rendered as collective plural sense.
  28. 28Source 'como os cada uno de sí mismo' is slightly opaque in early-modern orthography; rendered as 'than each one is to himself' (implied copula; 'os' taken as ethical/addressing 'you' or residual of 'es').
  29. 29Philosopher name 'Neótido' is retained as in the source; identity may be corrupt or obscure and warrants review.
  30. 30'al mejor tiempo' rendered as 'just when things seem best' (idiomatic ironic timing). 'los pesares los prendan los espantan' taken as asyndeton with one subject governing two verbs; no separate subject is supplied for 'espantan'.
  31. 31Early modern 'puertos' in a road-journey sequence is rendered as mountain 'passes'; it could also mean seaports if the travel image is mixed land-and-sea.
  32. 32'Apartar la ocasión' is rendered as 'turn away from occasion' in the moral sense of putting aside opportunity for harm or fault, not mere circumstance.

Menosprecio de Corte y Alabanza de Aldea (Contempt of Court and Praise of Village) companion

Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat

Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.

Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.

  • A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
  • One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
  • Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit
Chosen Portion — Daily Prayer (free iOS app)