Житие преподобного Серафима, Саровского чудотворца
The Loving and Humble Elder
Saint Seraphim's manner of love and humble-mindedness, his gentle reproofs, and the great crowds that daily sought his counsel are described.
The special character of his manner and conversations was love and humble-mindedness.1 Whoever came to him—whether a poor man in rags or a rich man in fine clothes, whatever needs they came with, whatever sinful state their conscience was in—he kissed them all with love, bowed to the ground before everyone, and, as he blessed them, himself kissed the hands even of people who were not ordained.2 He never struck anyone with harsh rebukes or stern reprimands; he laid no heavy burden on anyone, while himself bearing Christ's cross with all its sorrows.✦ He did give some people reproofs, but gently, tempering his word with humility and love.3 He tried to awaken the voice of conscience with counsel, pointed out the paths of salvation, and often did so in such a way that at first his listener didn't even understand that it concerned his own soul. But afterward the power of the word, overshadowed by grace, invariably took effect.4 Neither the rich nor the poor, neither the simple nor the learned, neither nobles nor common folk left him without real instruction; for everyone there was living water enough, flowing from the lips of the former silent one, the humble and poor elder.✦5 People flocked to him daily by the thousands, especially in the last ten years of his life. Every day, amid the great crowds of visitors coming to Sarov, about two thousand people or more would gather in his cell. He never grew weary of it, and he found time to speak with each person for the good of their soul. In a few brief words he would explain to each person exactly what they needed, often revealing the most hidden thoughts of those who came to him. Everyone felt his warm, truly kindred love and its power; streams of tears would sometimes break even from people who had hard and stony hearts.
The General's Visit
A proud lieutenant general visits out of curiosity, but Seraphim's profound humility and spiritual insight bring him to tears and reveal the emptiness of his worldly honors.
One day a distinguished lieutenant general, L., arrived in Sarov. The purpose of his visit was curiosity. And so, after looking over the monastery buildings, he was already about to take his leave of the monastery without having received any spiritual gift for his soul, but here he met the landowner Alexei Neofitovich Prokudin and fell into conversation with him. His companion suggested that the general go see the recluse Elder Seraphim, but the general only reluctantly yielded to Prokudin's persuasion. As soon as they entered the cell, Elder Seraphim came toward them and bowed down at the general's feet. Such humility struck L.'s pride. . . Prokudin, realizing he shouldn't stay in the cell, went out into the entryway, and the general, wearing his medals, talked with the recluse for about half an hour. A few minutes later, weeping could be heard from the elder's cell: it was the general, crying just like a little child. After half an hour, the door opened, and Fr.6 Seraphim led the general out by the arms; he kept crying, covering his face with his hands. In his grief, he had forgotten his medals and cap at Fr.7 Seraphim's. Tradition says that his medals supposedly fell off by themselves during the conversation.8 Fr.9 Seraphim brought all of it out and put the medals on the forage cap. Afterward, the general would say that he had traveled all over Europe and knew many people of every kind, but for the first time in his life he had seen such humility as that with which the Sarov recluse received him, and he had never before known of the spiritual insight by which the elder laid open before him his entire life, down to its secret details.10 Among other things, when the crosses fell from him, Fr.11 Seraphim said: "That's because you received them undeservedly."
Humility and Glory to God
Seraphim cares for those seeking goodness, remains humble, and directs all glory to God, quoting Psalm 113:9 and Luke 10:20.
With special zeal, Elder Seraphim cared for those in whom he saw an inclination toward good; he tried to set them on the path of goodness using every spiritual Christian means and strength. Still, for all his love for everyone, Fr. Seraphim was strict with some. But even with those who did not love him he was peaceful, and he treated them gently and lovingly. No one ever saw him claim any deed as his own or praise himself; instead, always blessing the Lord God, he would say: "Not to us, O Lord, not to us, but to Your name give glory" (Ps. 113:9). And when he saw that those who came to him listened to his counsel and followed his instruction, he did not take pride in this as if it were the fruit of his own work. "We," he would say, "must put away from ourselves every earthly joy, following the teaching of Jesus Christ, who said: 'Do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you; rejoice instead that your names are written in heaven'" (Luke 10:20)."12
The Healing of Alexandra
The account begins of a young woman, Alexandra, who suffers from a mysterious illness after a village feast, leading to her eventual healing by Saint Seraphim.
Besides the gift of spiritual foresight, the Lord God continued to manifest in Elder Seraphim the grace of healing ailments and bodily illnesses.13 Thus, on June 11, 1827, Alexandra was healed—the wife of Bartholomew Timofeev Lebedev, a house serf from the village of Elizaryevo in Ardatov district of Nizhny Novgorod province.14 At that time this woman was twenty-two years old, and she had two children. On April 6, 1826, on the day of a village feast, she came back from church after the Liturgy, had dinner, and then went out beyond the gates for a walk with her husband. Suddenly, God knows why, she was overcome with faintness and dizziness; her husband could barely get her as far as the entryway.15 There she fell to the floor. She began to vomit and was seized with terrible convulsions; the sick woman went deathly pale and sank into complete unconsciousness. After half an hour, as if coming to herself, she began to grind her teeth, gnaw at whatever came to hand, and at last fell asleep. A month later, these painful attacks began to recur every day, though not always with the same severity.
Read the original Russian
Особенным свойством его обхождения и бесед были любовь и смиренномудрие. Кто бы ни был приходивший к нему, бедняк ли в рубище, или богач в светлой одежде, с какими бы кто ни приходил нуждами, в каком бы греховном состоянии ни находилась его совесть, он всех лобызал с любовью, всем кланялся до земли и, благословляя, сам целовал руки даже не у посвящённых людей. Никого не поражал он жестокими укоризнами или строгими выговорами; ни на кого не возлагал тяжкого бремени, сам неся крест Христов со всеми скорбями. Говорил он иным и обличения, но кротко, растворяя слово своё смирением и любовью. Старался возбудить голос совести советами, указывал пути спасения и часто так, что слушатель его на первый раз и не понимал, что дело идёт о душе его. После же сила слова, осенённого благодатью, непременно производила своё действие. Не выходили от него без действительного наставления ни богатые, ни бедные, ни простые, ни учёные, ни вельможи, ни простолюдины; для всех было довольно живой воды, текущей из уст прежнего молчальника, смиренного и убогого старца. Народу, особенно в последние десять лет его жизни, к нему стекалось ежедневно целые тысячи.
Ежедневно при многочисленном собрании пришельцев в Саров у него бывало в келии около 2000 человек и более. Он не тяготился и со всяким находил время побеседовать на пользу души. В кратких словах он объяснял каждому то, что ему именно было благопотребно, открывая часто самые сокровенные помыслы обращавшихся к нему. Все ощущали его благоприветливую, истинно-родственную любовь и её силу, потоки слёз иногда вырывались и у таких людей, которые имели твёрдое и окаменелое сердце.
Приехал однажды в Саров заслуженный генерал-лейтенант Л. Целью приезда его было любопытство. И так, пообсмотрев монастырские здания, он хотел уже и проститься с монастырём, не получив для души своей никакого духовного дара, но встретил здесь помещика Алексея Неофитовича Прокудина и разговорился с ним. Собеседник предложил генералу зайти к затворнику старцу Серафиму, но генерал только с трудом уступил убеждениям Прокудина. Как только вступили они в келию, старец Серафим, идя к ним навстречу, поклонился генералу в ноги. Такое смирение поразило гордость Л. . .
Прокудин, заметив, что ему не следует оставаться в келии, вышел в сени, и генерал, украшенный орденами, около получаса беседовал с затворником. Через несколько минут послышался из келии старца плач: то плакал генерал, точно дитя малое. Через полчаса раскрылась дверь, и о. Серафим вывел генерала под руки; он продолжал плакать, закрыв лицо руками. Ордена и фуражка были забыты им от горести у о. Серафима. Предание говорит, будто ордена свалились у него во время беседы сами собою. О.
Серафим вынес всё это и ордена надел на фуражку. Впоследствии генерал этот говорил, что он прошёл всю Европу, знает множество людей разного рода, но в первый раз в жизни увидел такое смирение, с каким встретил его Саровский затворник, и ещё никогда не знал о той прозорливости, по которой старец раскрыл пред ним всю его жизнь до тайных подробностей. Между прочим, когда кресты свалились у него, о. Серафим сказал: «Это потому, что ты получил их незаслуженно».
С особенным усердием заботился старец Серафим о тех, у кого видел расположение к добру; на пути блага он старался утвердить их всеми духовно-христианскими средствами и силами. Впрочем, не смотря на любовь ко всем, о. Серафим к некоторым был строг. Но и с нелюбящими его он был мирен, обходился кротко и любовно. Не было замечено, чтобы он какое-либо дело отнёс к себе или хвалил себя, но всегда, благословляя Господа Бога, говорил: «Не нам, Господи, не нам, но имени Твоему даждь славу» (Псал. 113, 9). Когда же видел, что приходившие к нему внимали его советам, следовали его наставлениям, то не восхищался сим, как бы плодом своего дела. «Мы,– говорил он,– должны всякую радость земную от себя удалять, следуя учению Иисуса Христа, Который сказал: «О сем не радуйтеся, яко дуси вам повинуются: радуйтеся же, яко имена ваша написана суть на небесех» (Лук.
10, 20)".
Кроме дара прозорливости, Господь Бог продолжал являть в старце Серафиме благодать исцеления недугов и болезней телесных. Так, 11 июня 1827 года исцелена была Александра, жена (Нижегородской губернии, Ардатовского уезда, села Елизарьева) дворового человека Варфоломея Тимофеева Лебедева. В то время этой женщине было 22 года, и она имела двух детей. 6-го апреля 1826 года, в день сельского праздника, она, возвратившись после литургии из церкви, пообедала и потом вышла за ворота прогуляться с мужем. Вдруг, Бог знает с чего, с нею сделалась дурнота, головокружение; муж едва мог довести её до сеней. Здесь она упала на пол. С нею началась рвота и ужасные судороги; больная помертвела и впала в совершенное беспамятство. Через полчаса, как бы пришедши в себя, она начала скрежетать зубами, грызть всё, что попадалось, и, наконец, уснула.
Спустя месяц, эти болезненные припадки стали повторяться с нею ежедневно, хотя не всякий раз в одинаково сильной степени.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Matt.16.24;Gal.6.2 — Then Jesus said to his disciples, "If anyone wants to come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me." Gal.6.2 — Bear one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.
- ↩John.4.10-John.4.14;John.7.38 — Jesus answered her, "If you knew the gift of God and who it is that is saying to you, 'Give me a drink,' you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water." John.4.11 — The woman said to him, "Sir, you have no bucket, and the well is deep. Where then do you get that living water?" John.4.12 — Surely you are not greater than our father Jacob, who gave us the well, and drank from it himself, and his sons, and his livestock? John.4.13 — Jesus answered her, "Everyone who drinks this water will be thirsty again." John.4.14 — but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him will never thirst forever; rather, the water that I will give him will become in him a spring of water welling up to eternal life John.7.38 — The one who believes in me, just as the Scripture has said, rivers of living water will flow from within him.
Notes
- 1 ↩смиренномудрие: Orthodox technical term for humility of mind (tapeinophrosyne); rendered here as humble-mindedness.
- 2 ↩не у посвящённых людей: literally 'not of consecrated/ordained people'—i.e., even the hands of the non-clergy.
- 3 ↩растворяя: literally 'dissolving/diluting'; rendered as tempering—softening the reproof by mixing it with humility and love.
- 4 ↩осёнённого благодатью: осенять can mean overshadow/cover (as with the Spirit) or bless; rendered as overshadowed by grace.
- 5 ↩молчальника: one who practiced prolonged silence (hesychast silence); 'former silent one' keeps the text's contrast with his later public counsel. убогого: poor/destitute in the ascetic sense.
- 6 ↩Source sentence ends mid-abbreviation at «о.» (отец, Father); continues in the next sentence with «Серафим».
- 7 ↩Source sentence ends mid-abbreviation at «о.»; the possessive complement «Серафима» is the next sentence.
- 8 ↩«Предание говорит, будто» marks reported tradition with a note of hearsay (будто ≈ supposedly/as if), not a narrated certainty.
- 9 ↩Source sentence is only the abbreviation «О.» (отец, Father); the following section continues with «Серафим».
- 10 ↩прозорливость rendered as 'spiritual insight' (the Orthodox hagiographical gift of seeing hidden things); 'clairvoyance' is also common in this tradition.
- 11 ↩кресты here are the general's decoration crosses/medals, continuing the previous section's ордена, not religious crosses.
- 12 ↩Print-break fragment completing the Luke citation opened in the previous section as (Лук. …). Rendered in contemporary English verse form (10:20) rather than the source’s comma form (10, 20).
- 13 ↩Russian прозорливость is the Orthodox charism often rendered 'clairvoyance'; here 'spiritual foresight' marks seeing into hearts and hidden things without occult coloring.
- 14 ↩дворовый человек is rendered 'house serf' for the early-nineteenth-century household servant bound to a landowner's estate.
- 15 ↩сени is the Russian antechamber/entry porch of a house; rendered 'entryway'.
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