SR
Four Hundred Texts on Love/Book 1 · Four Hundred Texts on Love (Περὶ ἀγάπης κεφάλαια)
Chapter 2MaximosLove.1.2

Πρώτη ἑκατοντάς τῶν περί ἀγάπης κεφαλίων.

The Foundation of Divine Love

Love for God is the supreme disposition of the soul, requiring detachment from earthly things and leading to divine illumination.

Love is a good disposition of the soul, by which nothing that exists is preferred to the knowledge of God. But it's impossible for anyone who still has an attachment to anything earthly to reach the settled habit of this love.1 Freedom from the passions gives birth to love; hope in God gives birth to freedom from the passions; endurance and long-suffering give birth to hope; comprehensive self-control gives birth to these; the fear of God gives birth to self-control; and faith in the Lord gives birth to fear.2 Anyone who believes in the Lord fears punishment; anyone who fears punishment holds back from the passions; anyone who holds back from the passions endures hardships; anyone who endures hardships will have hope in God; hope in God separates the mind from every earthly attachment; and once the mind is separated from that, it will have love for God. Whoever loves God prefers knowledge of Him above all things that have come into being through Him, and through longing holds to that knowledge without ceasing. If everything that exists has come into being through God and for God, and God is greater than what has come into being through him, then anyone who abandons God—who is incomparably greater—and busies himself with lesser things shows that he prefers the things made through God to God himself. Anyone whose mind is fixed on love for God despises all visible things—even their own body—as something alien to them. If the soul is better than the body, and the God who made the world is incomparably better than the world, then anyone who prefers the body to the soul, and the world God created to God, is no different from those who worship idols.3 Anyone who cuts their mind off from the love of God and from devoted service to Him, keeping it bound to sensory things, is someone who prefers the body to the soul, and prefers the things God has made to the God who made them.4 If the life of the mind is the illumination that comes from knowledge, and love for God is what gives birth to that illumination, then it's well said: Nothing is greater than divine love. When the mind goes out toward God through the yearning of love, then it doesn't perceive any of the things that exist at all. For, lit up by the divine and infinite light, it becomes unaware of everything that has come into being through Him—just as the physical eye is toward the stars when the sun is rising.5

The Path of Prayer and Humility

Pure prayer and humility are essential for the mind to transcend created things and encounter the divine infinity.

All the virtues work with the mind toward divine love, but pure prayer more than all of them. For through pure prayer the mind is given wings toward God and goes outside everything that exists.6 When the mind is caught up by divine knowledge through love, and it moves beyond created things to perceive the divine infinity, it is struck with awe—like the prophet Isaiah—and brought to a sense of its own lowliness. Then, it speaks these words from the heart: "Woe is me, for I am pierced with compunction; for I am a human being with unclean lips, and I live among a people with unclean lips, and with my eyes I have seen the King, the Lord of Hosts."7 Anyone who loves God cannot help but love every person as himself, even if he is distressed by the passions of those who aren't yet purified. And so, when he sees their conversion and amendment, he rejoices with immeasurable and unspeakable joy. A soul caught up in passions is unclean, filled with thoughts of desire and hatred. Anyone who sees even a trace of hatred in his own heart toward any person at all, for any fault whatever, is completely alien to love for God—because love for God will not tolerate hatred toward a human being in any way.

The Commandment of Neighborly Love

Love for God is inseparable from love for one's neighbor, requiring impartial mercy and the endurance of hardship.

"Whoever loves me," says the Lord, "will keep my commandments; and this is my commandment: that you love one another." So anyone who doesn't love their neighbor isn't keeping the commandment. And anyone who doesn't keep the commandment can't love the Lord either. Blessed is the person who has become able to love every human being equally. .8 Blessed is the person who clings to nothing perishable or temporary. Blessed is the mind that has moved beyond everything that exists and finds constant delight in divine beauty. Anyone who indulges the flesh to satisfy its desires and holds a grudge against a neighbor over temporary things is worshipping the creation rather than the Creator. Whoever keeps the body free from pleasure-seeking and free from disease has it as a fellow servant for the service of higher things. Whoever flees all worldly desires sets himself above every worldly sorrow. Anyone who loves God also loves their neighbor without fail. But such a person cannot hold on to money; rather, he manages it in a way that befits God, giving to each who is in need.9 Anyone who practices charity in imitation of God doesn't distinguish between the wicked and the good, or the just and the unjust, when it comes to physical needs. Instead, they distribute to everyone equally according to their need—even if, because of good intention, they prefer the virtuous person to the base one.10 Just as God, being by nature good and free from passion, loves everyone equally as his own works, yet glorifies the virtuous person as one who has also become his own by free choice, while out of goodness he has mercy on the base person and, by disciplining them in this age, turns them back—so also the person who is good and free from passion in will loves all human beings equally: the virtuous one both for their nature and for their good free choice, and the base one both for their nature and out of compassion, showing mercy as to a fool walking in darkness.11 It isn't just by giving money that the disposition of love is recognized, but much more by sharing the word of God and by bodily service. Whoever has truly renounced the things of the world and serves their neighbor without hypocrisy through love is quickly freed from every passion and becomes a sharer in divine love and knowledge. Anyone who has acquired divine love within himself doesn't grow weary of following after the Lord his God, as the divine Jeremiah says; instead, he bears every hardship, reproach, and insult with courage, and doesn't think evil of anyone at all.1213

Ascetic Discipline and the Interior Life

The soul must guard against anger, vainglory, and acedia through self-control, fasting, and perseverance in the monastic life.

When someone insults you, or you're belittled in any way, guard yourself against angry thoughts so they don't separate you from love through hurt and settle you in the land of hatred. When you suffer insult or dishonor, know that you've been greatly helped: through the dishonor, vainglory has been providentially cast out of you.14 Just as the memory of fire doesn't warm the body, so faith without love doesn't work the illumination of knowledge into the soul. Just as the sun's light draws a healthy eye to itself, the knowledge of God naturally draws a pure mind to itself through love. A pure mind is one that has been freed from ignorance and is illuminated by divine light. A pure soul is one that has been freed from the passions and is constantly gladdened by divine love. A passion is a blameworthy movement of the soul that goes against nature. Dispassion is a peaceful state of the soul, in which the soul becomes hard to move toward evil.15 Anyone who has earned the fruits of love through earnest effort won't turn away from it, even if they suffer countless evils. And let Stephen, Christ's disciple, persuade you—and those like him—and the Savior himself, praying to the Father for his killers and asking forgiveness from Him for them as for people who do not know what they are doing.16 If being patient and kind is part of love, then anyone who seethes with anger and does wrong is clearly a stranger to love; and whoever is a stranger to love is a stranger to God, since God is love. "Do not say," says the divine Jeremiah, "that you are the temple of the Lord." And you, don't say that mere faith in our Lord Jesus Christ can save me.17 That is impossible, unless you also gain love for him through your works. As for mere belief: even the demons believe and shudder. The work of love is to do good to your neighbor with a sincere heart, while practicing forbearance and patience, and handling matters with sound judgment. Whoever loves God doesn't grieve anyone, and isn't grieved by anyone over temporary things. There's only one kind of grief he both causes and feels—the saving kind, which the blessed Paul both suffered and inflicted on the Corinthians. Whoever has love for God lives an angelic life on earth, fasting and keeping vigil, singing psalms and praying, and always thinking well of everyone. If you desire something, you strive to attain it. But of all things that are good and desirable, the Divine is better and more desirable beyond comparison. How much earnest effort, then, should we put forth to attain this One who is by nature good and desirable? Don't defile your flesh with shameful acts, and don't stain your soul with evil thoughts, and the peace of God will come upon you, bringing love. Afflict your flesh with fasting and vigils, and devote yourself diligently to psalmody and prayer; and the sanctification of chastity will come upon you, bringing love. Whoever has been counted worthy of divine knowledge and has gained its illumination through love will never be tossed about by the spirit of vainglory; but whoever has not yet been counted worthy of it is easily carried this way and that by it. So if such a person keeps looking to God in everything he does, doing it all for God's sake, he'll easily escape it with God.18 Whoever has not yet attained the divine knowledge that is activated through love thinks highly of the things he does for God. But anyone who has been counted worthy to reach it says with a sincere heart the words of the patriarch Abraham, spoken when he was found worthy of the divine appearance: "I am dust and ashes."19 The one who fears the Lord always has humility as a companion; and through humility's own thoughts, he comes into divine love and thanksgiving. For he remembers his former way of life in the world, and his many kinds of transgressions, and the temptations that came upon him from his youth; and how the Lord rescued him from all of those, and moved him from a life ruled by the passions into a life according to God; and together with fear he also takes up love, always giving thanks with deep humility to the Benefactor and Pilot of our life.20 Don't soil your mind by putting up with thoughts of desire and anger, so that you don't fall from pure prayer and land in the spirit of acedia.21 That is when the mind falls away from bold confidence toward God: when it becomes companion to wicked or filthy thoughts. The foolish person, driven by the passions, when stirred by anger and thrown into turmoil, rushes without reason to flee from the brothers; but when desire heats him up again, he regrets it and runs back to meet them.22 But a prudent person does the opposite in both situations. For with anger, he cuts out the causes of the disturbance and frees himself from distress toward the brothers; and with desire, he keeps self-control over the irrational impulse and chance encounters.23 When you're tempted, don't abandon your monastery; instead, endure the waves of thoughts bravely—especially those of sorrow and listlessness.24 For in this way, tested through afflictions under God's providence, you will have a firm hope in God.25 But if you leave, you'll be found unproven, cowardly, and unstable.26

The Remedy of Love Against the Passions

The commandment of love serves as the ultimate remedy against the passions of the irascible and desiring parts of the soul.

If you don't want to fall away from love according to God, don't let your brother go to sleep still grieved with you, and don't go to sleep yourself still grieved with him. Go instead, be reconciled with your brother, and then come and offer Christ—with a pure conscience, through earnest prayer—the gift of love. If someone who has all the gifts of the Spirit but lacks love gains nothing, as the divine Apostle says, how much earnestness must we show to acquire this love? If love does no harm to a neighbor, then how can the person who envies his brother, is grieved by his success, tarnishes his reputation with mockery, or plots against him with some malice, not make himself a stranger to love—and liable to eternal judgment? If love is the fulfillment of the law, then how is someone who holds a grudge against his brother, plots against him, curses him, and rejoices at his fall not a lawbreaker, and worthy of eternal punishment?27 If the one who speaks against a brother and judges a brother is speaking against the law and judging it—and the law of Christ is love—how does the slanderer not fall away from the love of Christ, and become the cause of eternal punishment for himself? Don't give your ear to a slanderer's tongue, and don't give your tongue to a fault-finder's ear, gladly speaking or listening against your neighbor, so that you don't fall away from divine love and are found a stranger to eternal life. Don't accept abuse against your Father, and don't encourage anyone who dishonors Him, or the Lord will be angry at what you do and wipe you out from the land of the living. Silence anyone who speaks ill within your hearing, so that you don't share a double sin with him: both by training yourself in a destructive passion, and by not checking him when he babbles against your neighbor. "But I say to you," the Lord says, "Love your enemies; do good to those who hate you; pray for those who mistreat you."28 Why did He command these things? So He could free you from hatred, grief, anger, and resentment, and count you worthy of the greatest possession of all—perfect love. No one can have that love who doesn't love every human being equally, in imitation of God, who loves all people equally and wants them to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. But I tell you: don't resist an evil person. Instead, if someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other to them as well; if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let them have your cloak too; and if someone forces you to go one mile, go with them two. Why? So that he may also keep you free from anger, undisturbed, and free from grief; train the other person through your forbearance; and, as one who is good, bring both of you under the yoke of love.29 Whatever has once stirred passion in us, we continue to carry those passionate mental images around with us. So the one who conquers the passionate mental images also utterly despises the things those images come from—because the war against memories is as much harder than the war against the things themselves as sinning in thought is easier than sinning in deed.30 Some passions belong to the body, while others belong to the soul. The bodily passions originate in the body, while those of the soul originate in external things.31 But love and self-control cut both of them back: love restrains the passions of the soul, and self-control restrains the bodily ones.32 Some passions belong to the irascible part of the soul, while others belong to the desiring part. But both are set in motion through the senses. They are set in motion whenever the soul is found outside of love and self-control. The passions of the irascible part of the soul are harder to overcome than those of the desiring part. That’s why the Lord provided a greater remedy for it: the commandment of love.33 All other passions only affect either the irascible or the desiring part of the soul. They may also affect the rational part, as forgetfulness and ignorance do; but acedia seizes every power of the soul, setting almost all the passions in motion at once.34 That is why it is the heaviest of all the passions. So the Lord did well when he gave the remedy against it: "By your endurance," he says, "gain your souls."

Perfect Love and the Contemplation of God

Perfect love transcends all human opinion and leads the intellect from the contemplation of created things to the mystery of the Holy Trinity.

Never strike any of the brothers, least of all without reason—lest he, unable to bear the affliction, withdraw. And you will never escape the reproof of conscience, which will always cause you sorrow at the time of prayer and drive the mind away from bold confidence before God.35 Don't put up with suspicions that bring you into scandal against certain people—or with people who do the same.36 For those who harbor scandals in any way—whether through their own choices or through circumstances beyond their control—do not know the way of peace, which through love leads those who love it to the knowledge of God.37 Anyone still swayed by other people's opinions doesn't yet have perfect love. For example: loving one person and hating another for this reason or that, or even loving and hating the same person by turns for the same reasons. Perfect love doesn't divide our shared human nature based on people's differing opinions. Instead, it always looks to that nature itself and loves everyone equally: the earnest as friends, and the wicked as enemies—loving them by doing them good, being patient, and enduring what they inflict. It doesn't count the wrong at all, but even suffers for them if the occasion calls for it, so that it might make them friends too if possible. And if not, it still doesn't fall from its own disposition, always showing the fruits of love equally toward every human being.38 That's why our Lord and God Jesus Christ, showing his love for us, suffered for all of humanity and freely gave everyone the same hope of the resurrection—even though each person makes himself worthy of either glory or punishment. Anyone who doesn't scorn glory and dishonor, wealth and poverty, pleasure and pain hasn't yet attained perfect love. For perfect love scorns not only these things, but even temporary life itself and death. Listen to what those counted worthy of perfect love say: Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Affliction? Or distress? Or persecution? Or famine? Or nakedness? Or danger? Or the sword? As it is written: For your sake we are being put to death all day long; we were reckoned as sheep for slaughter. But in all these things we more than conquer through the One who loved us. For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor principalities, neither powers nor things present nor things to come, neither height nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.39 And regarding love for your neighbor, listen again to what they say: I am speaking the truth in Christ—I’m not lying—and my conscience bears me witness in the Holy Spirit: I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. For I could wish that I myself were under a curse and cut off from Christ for the sake of my brothers, my kinsfolk according to the flesh, who are Israelites—and so on.40 Moses was the same way, and so were the rest of the saints.41 Anyone who does not despise glory and pleasure, and the love of money that increases them and is built up through them, cannot cut off the occasions of anger.42 And if you don't cut those off, you can't reach perfect love. Humility and hardship free a person from every sin: the one by cutting away the passions of the soul, the other those of the body.43 For the blessed David too appears to do this when he prays to God, saying: Look upon my humility and my labor, and forgive all my sins. Through the commandments the Lord makes those who practice them free from the passions; and through the divine doctrines He grants them the illumination of knowledge. All dogmas are either about God, or about things visible and invisible, or about the providence and judgment at work in them. Almsgiving heals the irascible part of the soul, fasting withers desire, and prayer purifies the mind and prepares it for the contemplation of what is.44 For the Lord has also granted us the commandments with a view to the powers of the soul. "Learn from me," he says, "that I am gentle and humble of heart," and so on. Gentleness keeps the irascible part undisturbed; humility frees the mind from pride and vainglory.45 There are two kinds of fear of God. The first is born in us from the threat of punishment; through it, self-control, patience, hope in God, and dispassion come to us in order—and from dispassion, love. The second is joined to love itself and always produces reverence in the soul, so that through the bold confidence of love we don't fall into contempt for God.4647 Perfect love casts out the initial fear from the soul that has attained it, since that soul no longer fears punishment; however, it always keeps the second fear within itself, joined to it, as has been said. The first fear relates to the saying: "By the fear of the Lord everyone turns away from evil." And: "The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." But the second fear relates to the saying: "The fear of the Lord is pure, enduring forever and ever." And this: "Those who fear him lack nothing." Put to death your earthly members: fornication, impurity, passion, evil desire, greed, and the rest. By 'earth' he meant the mindset of the flesh; by 'fornication' he meant sin in act; by 'impurity' he named consent; by 'passion' he meant the impassioned thought; by 'evil desire' he meant the bare acceptance of the thought of desire; and by 'greed' he meant the material that both begets and feeds the passion.4849 The divine Apostle commanded us to put all these things to death, as they are members of the mindset of the flesh. First, memory brings the bare thought up to the mind; and when this lingers, the passion is stirred; and if this is not eliminated, it bends the mind into consent; and once consent has taken place, it finally arrives at sin in action. So the all-wise Apostle, writing to those from the Gentiles, first commands them to eliminate the result of the sin; then, working backward in order, to arrive at the cause. The cause is greed, which, as mentioned before, both generates and increases passion.50 I believe this refers to gluttony, since gluttony is the mother and nurse of fornication. For greed is bad not only regarding money, but also regarding food. Just as self-control is good not only regarding food, but also regarding money. Just as a bird with a string tied to its foot is pulled back to the ground the moment it tries to fly, so the mind that hasn't yet reached dispassion is dragged down by its passions and pulled back to earth, even when it tries to soar toward the knowledge of heavenly things.51 When the mind has been completely freed from the passions, then it also advances without turning back toward the contemplation of existing things, making its journey toward knowledge of the Holy Trinity. When the intellect is pure and takes up the concepts of things, it is moved toward their spiritual contemplation. But when it becomes impure through negligence, it only imagines the bare concepts of other things; and when it takes in human ones, it turns them into shameful or wicked thoughts. When, at the time of prayer, none of the world's thoughts ever disturb the mind, then know that you are not outside the bounds of dispassion.52 When the soul begins to sense its own health, it also begins to see the fantasies that come in sleep as bare and undisturbed. Just as the beauty of visible things draws the physical eye to itself, so too the knowledge of the invisible draws the pure mind to itself. By invisible, I mean the incorporeal. It's a great thing not to be passionately affected by things, but it's far greater to remain free of passion toward the mental images of them. For the demons' war against us through thoughts is harder than the war waged through things.53 The person who has perfected the virtues and grown rich in knowledge, now discerning things by nature as they are, both acts and speaks about everything according to right reason, never turning aside at all. It’s by using things either reasonably or unreasonably that we become either virtuous or base. A sign of perfect dispassion is that bare thoughts of things always rise in the heart, both while the body is awake and in sleep.54 By practicing the commandments, the mind strips away its passions; and through the spiritual contemplation of visible things, it strips away its passionate thoughts about those things. And through knowledge of the invisible, it strips off contemplation of the visible; and this in turn, through knowledge of the Holy Trinity.55 Just as the sun, when it rises and lights up the world, reveals both itself and the things it illuminates, so the Sun of righteousness, rising in a pure mind, reveals both himself and the principles of everything that has come to be through him and everything that will.5657 We don't know God by His essence, but by His mighty works and His providence over all that exists. For through these, as if through mirrors, we behold His infinite goodness, wisdom, and power. A pure intellect is found either in the simple concepts of human affairs, in the natural contemplation of visible or invisible things, or in the light of the Holy Trinity.58 When the mind enters into the contemplation of visible things, it either investigates their natural principles, or those signified through them, or seeks the Cause itself. When it dwells among invisible things, it seeks out both their natural principles and the cause of their existence, along with what follows from them. And it seeks what providence and judgment concern them.59 But when he has come to dwell in God, he first seeks the principles concerning God's essence, burning with longing; yet he does not find consolation from what God is in Himself—for that is impossible, and equally inaccessible to every created nature. He is consoled, rather, from what is around God: I mean what concerns eternity, infinity, and boundlessness; goodness, wisdom, and power—creative, providential, and judicial toward beings.60 And the only thing completely graspable about Him is His infinity; and that very not-knowing is knowing beyond the mind, as the theologians Gregory and Dionysius have said somewhere.61

Read the original Latin

Ἀγάπη μέν ἐστιν, διάθεσις ψυχῆς ἀγαθή, καθ᾿ ἥν οὐδέν τῶν ὄντων, τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ γνώσεως προτιμᾷ. Ἀδύνατον δέ εἰς ἕξιν ἐλθεῖν ταύτης τῆς ἀγάπης, τόν πρός τι τῶν ἐπιγείων ἔχοντα προσπάθειαν.

Ἀγάπην μέν τίκτει ἀπάθεια· ἀπάθειαν δέ, ἡ εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίς· τήν δέ ἐλπίδα, ὑπομονή καί μακροθυμία· ταῦτας δέ, ἡ περιεκτική ἐγκράτεια· ἐγκράτειαν δέ, ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβος· τόν δέ φόβον, ἡ εἰς τόν Κύριον πίστις.

Ὁ πιστεύων τῷ Κυρίῳ, φοβεῖται τήν κόλασιν· ὁ δέ φοβούμενος τήν κόλασιν, ἐγκρατεύεται ἀπό τῶν παθῶν· ὁ δέ ἐγκρατευόμενος ἀπό τῶν παθῶν, ὑπομένει τά θλιβερά· ὁ δέ ὑπομένων τά θλιβερά, ἕξει εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίδα· ἡ δέ εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίς, χωρίζει πάσης γηΐνης προσπαθείας τόν νοῦν· ταύτης δέ ὁ νοῦς χωρισθείς, ἕξει τήν εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπην.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν τόν Θεόν, πάντων τῶν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότων προτιμᾷ τήν γνῶσιν αὐτοῦ, καί ἀδιαλείπτως διά τοῦ πόθου, ταύτῃ προσκαρτερεῖ.

Εἰ πάντα τά ὄντα διά τοῦ Θεοῦ καί διά τόν Θεόν γέγονε· κρείττων δέ ὁ Θεός τῶν δι᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότων· ὁ καταλιμπάνων τόν Θεόν τόν ἀσυγκρίτως κρείττονα, καί τοῖς χείροσιν ἐνασχολούμενος, δείκνυσιν ἑαυτόν προτιμῶντα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τά δι᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότα.

Ὁ τῇ εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπῃ τόν νοῦν ἔχων προσηλωμένον, πάντων τῶν ὁρωμένων, καί αὐτοῦ τοῦ σώματος, ὡς ἀλλοτρίου καταφρονεῖ.

Εἰ κρείττων τοῦ σώματος ἡ ψυχή· καί κρείττων τοῦ κόσμου ἀσυγκρίτως ὁ κτίσας αὐτόν Θεός· ὁ προτιμῶν τῆς ψυχῆς τό σῶμα, καί τοῦ Θεοῦ τόν ὑπό αὐτοῦ κτισθέντα κόσμον, οὐδέν τῶν εἰλωλολατρούντων διενήνοχεν.

Ὁ τόν νοῦν τῆς εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπης καί προσεδρείας ἀποχωρίσας, καί τινι τῶν αἰσθητῶν προσεδεμένον ἔχων, οὗτός ἐστι ὁ προτιμῶν τῆς ψυχῆς τό σῶμα, καί τοῦ κτίσαντος Θεοῦ, τά ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότα.

Εἰ ἡ ζωή τοῦ νοῦ ὁ φωτισμός ἐστι τῆς γνώσεως· τοῦτον δέ ἡ εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπη τίκτει· καλῶς, Οὐδέν τῆς θείας ἀγάπης, εἴρηται, μεῖζον.

Ὅταν τῷ ἔρωτι τῆς ἀγάπης πρός Θεόν ὁ νοῦς ἐκδημῇ, τότε οὔτε τινός τῶν ὄντων παντάπασι ἐπαισθάνεται. Ὑπό γάρ τοῦ θείου καί ἀπείρου φωτός καταλαμπόμενος, ἀναισθητεῖ πρός πάντα τά ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότα· καθάπερ καί ὁ αἰσθητός ὀφθαλμός πρός τούς ἀστέρας, τοῦ ἡλίου ἀνατέλλοντος.

Πᾶσαι μέν αἱ ἀρεταί συνεργοῦσι τῷ νῷ πρός τόν θεῖον ἔρωτα, πλέον δέ πάντων ἡ καθαρά προσευχή. Διά ταύτης γάρ πρός τόν Θεόν πτερούμενος, ἔξω γίνεται πάντων τῶν ὄντων.

Ὅταν διά τῆς ἀγάπης ὑπό τῆς θείας γνώσεως ὁ νοῦς ἁρπαγῇ, καί ἔξω γενόμενος τῶν ὄντων τῆς θείας ἐπαισθάνηται ἀπειρίας, τότε κατά τόν θεῖον Ἡσαΐαν ὑπό ἐκπλήξεως εἰς συναίσθησιν ἐλθών τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ταπεινώσεως, μετά διαθέσεως λέγει τά τοῦ προφήτου ῥήματα· Ὤ τάλας ἐγώ, ὅτι κατανένυγμαι· ὅτι ἄνθρωπος ὤν, καί ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχων, ἐν μέσῳ λαοῦ ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχοντος ἐγώ κατοικῶ, καί τόν βασιλέα Κύριον Σαβαώθ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν τόν Θεόν, οὐ δύναται μή καί πάντα ἄνθρωπον ὡς ἑαυτόν ἀγαπῆσαι, εἰ καί πρός τά πάθη δυσχεραίνει τῶν μήπω κεκαθαρμένων. Διό καί τήν ἐπιστροφήν αὐτῶν βλέπων καί τήν διόρθωσιν, ἀμετρήτῳ καί ἀνεκλαλήτῳ χαίρει χαρᾷ.

Ἀκάθαρτος ἐστι ψυχή ἐμπαθής· λογισμῶν ἐπιθυμίας καί μίσους πεπληρωμένη.

Ὁ ἴχνος μίσους βλέπων ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ καρδίᾳ διά οἰονδήποτε πταῖσμα πρός τόν οἱονδήποτε ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλότριος τυγχάνει πάμπαν τῆς εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπης· διότι ἡ εἰς Θεόν ἀγάπη, τῆς εἰς ἄνθρωπον μίσους παντελῶς οὐκ ἀνέχεται.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν με, φησίν ὁ Κύριος, τάς ἐντολάς μου τηρήσει· αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ ἐντολή ἡ ἐμή, ἵνα ἀγαπᾶτε ἀλλήλους. Ὁ οὖν μή ἀγαπῶν τόν πλησίον, τήν ἐντολήν οὐ τηρεῖ. Ὁ δέ τήν ἐντολήν μή τηρῶν, οὐδέ τόν Κύριον ἀγαπῆσαι δύναται.

Μακάριος ἄνθρωπος, ὁ πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπῆσαι δυνηθείς. .

Μακάριος ἄνθρωπος, ὁ μηδενί πράγματι φθαρτῷ ἤ προσκαίρῳ προσκείμενος.

Μακάριος ὁ νοῦς, ὁ πάντα τά ὄντα περάσας, καί τῆς θείας ὡραιότητος ἀδιαλείπτως κατατρυφῶν.

Ὁ πρόνοιαν τῆς σαρκός εἰς ἐπιθυμίας ποιούμενος, καί μνησικακίαν διά πρόσκαιρα πρός τόν πλησίον ἔχων· ὁ τοιοῦτος λατρεύει τῇ κτίσει παρά τόν κτίσαντα.

Ὁ ἀνήδονον καί ἄνοσον τό σῶμα διατηρῶν, σύνδουλον αὐτό ἔχει πρός τήν τῶν κρειττόνων ὑπηρεσίαν.

Ὁ φεύγων πάσας τάς κοσμικάς ἐπιθυμίας, πάσης λύπης κοσμικῆς ἑαυτόν ἀνώτερον καθίστησι.

Ὁ τόν Θεόν ἀγαπῶν, καί τόν πλησίον πάντως ἀγαπᾷ. Ὁ δέ τοιοῦτος, χρήματα τηρεῖν οὐ δύναται, ἀλλ᾿ οἰκονομεῖ θεοπρεπῶς, ἑκάστῳ τῶν δεομένων παρέχων.

Ὁ κατά μίμησιν Θεοῦ τήν ἐλεημοσύνην ποιούμενος, οὐκ οἶδε διαφοράν πονηροῦ καί ἀγαθοῦ, δικαίου καί ἀδίκου ἐν τοῖς τοῦ σώματος ἀναγκαίοις· ἀλλά πᾶσιν ἐξ ἴσου κατά τήν χρείαν διανέμει· εἰ καί προτιμᾷ δι᾿ ἀγαθήν προαίρεσιν τοῦ φαύλου τόν ἐνάρετον.

Ὥσπερ ὁ Θεός φύσει ὤν ἀγαθός καί ἀπαθής, πάντας μέν, ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπᾷ, ὡς ἔργα αὐτοῦ· ἀλλά τόν μέν ἐνάρετον δοξάζει, ὡς καί τῇ γνώμῃ , οἰκειούμενον· τόν δέ φαῦλον, δι᾿ ἀγαθότητα ἐλεεῖ, καί ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ παιδεύων ἐπιστρέφει· οὕτω καί ὁ τῇ γνώμῃ ἀγαθός καί ἀπαθής, πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπᾶ· τόν μέν ἐνάρετον, διά τε τήν φύσιν καί τήν ἀγαθήν προαίρεσιν· τόν δέ φαῦλον, διά τε τήν φύσιν, καί τήν συμπάθειαν ἐλεῶν ὡς ἄφρονα καί ἐν σκότει διαπορευόμενον.

Οὐ μόνον διά μεταδόσεως χρημάτων ἡ διάθεσις τῆς ἀγάπης γνωρίζεται, ἀλλά πολλῷ μᾶλλον διά μεταδόσεως λόγου Θεοῦ καί σωματικῆς διακονίας.

Ὁ τοῖς τοῦ κόσμου πράγμασι γνησίως ἀποταξάμενος, καί τῷ πλησίον διά τῆς ἀγάπης ἀνυποκρίτως δουλεύων, παντός πάθους ταχέως ἐλευθεροῦται, καί τῆς θείας ἀγάπης καί γνώσεως μέτοχος καθίσταται.

Ὁ τήν θείαν ἀγάπης ἐν ἑαυτῶ κτησάμενος, οὐ κοπιᾷ κατοκολουθῶν ὀπίσω κυρίου τοῦ Θεοῦ αὐτοῦ, κατά τόν θεῖον Ἱερεμίαν· ἀλλά πάντα πόνον ὀνειδισμόν τε καί φέρει ὕβριν γενναίως, μηδενί τό σύνολον κακόν λογιζόμενος.

Ὅταν ὑβρισθῇς παρά τινος, ἤ ἔν τινι ἐξουδενωθῇς, τότε πρόσεχε ἀπό τῶν λογισμῶν τῆς ὀργῆς, μή σε τῆς ἀγάπης διά τῆς λύπης χωρίσαντες, ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τοῦ μίσους καταστήσωσιν.

Ὅταν ἐφ᾿ ὕβρει ἤ ἀτιμίᾳ πονήσῃς, γίνωσκε σευτόν μεγάλως ὠφεληθέντα, τῆς κενοδοξίας διά τῆς ἀτιμίας οἰκονομικῶς ἀπό σοῦ ἐκβληθείσης.

Ὥσπερ μνήμη πυρός οὐ θερμαίνει τό σῶμα, οὕτω πίστις ἄνευ ἀγάπης, οὐκ ἐνεργεῖ εἰς τήν ψυχήν τόν τῆς γνώσεως φωτισμόν.

Ὥσπερ τό φῶς τοῦ ἡλίου τόν ὑγιῆ ὀφθαλμόν εἰς ἑαυτό ἐφέλκεται· οὕτω καί ἡ γνῶσις τοῦ Θεοῦ τόν καθαρόν νοῦν φυσικῶς διά τῆς ἀγάπης πρός ἑαυτήν ἐπισπᾶται.

Νοῦς ἐστι καθαρός, ὁ ἀγνοίας χωρισθείς, καί ὑπό τοῦ θείου φωτός καταλαμπόμενος.

Ψυχή ἐστι καθαρά, ἡ παθῶν ἐλευθερωθεῖσα, καί ὑπό τῆς θείας ἀγάπης ἀδιαλείπτως εὐφραινομένη.

Πάθος ἐστί ψεκτόν, κίνησις ψυχῆς παρά φύσιν.

Ἀπάθειά ἐστιν εἰρηνική κατάστασις ψυχῆς, καθ᾿ ἥν δυσκίνητος γίνεται ψυχή πρός κακίαν.

Ὁ τούς καρπούς τῆς ἀγάπης διά σπουδῆς κτησάμενος, οὐ μετατίθεται ταύτης, κἄν μυρία πάσχῃ κακά. Καί πειθέτω σε Στέφανος ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μαθητής, καί οἱ κατ᾿ αὐτόν· καί αὐτός ὁ Σωτήρ ὑπέρ τῶν φονευτῶν εὐχόμενος τῷ Πατρί, καί συγγνώμην παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ ὡς ἀγνοοῦσιν αἰτούμενος.

Εἰ τῆς ἀγάπης ἐστί τό μακροθυμεῖν καί χρηστεύεσθαι, ὁ θυμομαχῶν καί πονηρευόμενος, ἀλλότριος δηλονότι τῆς ἀγάπης καθίσταται· ὁ δέ ἀγάπης ἀλλότριος, τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν ἀλλότριος, εἴπερ ὁ Θεός ἀγάπης ἐστί.

Μή εἴπητε, φησίν ὁ θεῖος Ἱερεμίας, ὅτι ναός Κυρίου ἐστέ. Καί σύ μή εἴπῃς, ὅτι Ἡ ψιλή πίστις εἰς τόν Κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν δύναταί με σῶσαι. Ἀμήχανον γάρ τοῦτο, ἐάν μή καί τήν ἀγάπην εἰς αὐτόν διά τῶν ἔργων κτήσῃ. Τό δέ ψιλῶς πιστεύειν· Καί τά δαιμόνια πιστεύουσι καί φρίσσουσι.

Ἔργον ἀγάπης ἐστίν ἡ εἰς τόν πλησίον ἐκ διαθέσεως εὐεργεσία καί μακροθυμία καί ὑπομονή· καί τό μετά ὀρθοῦ λόγου χρήσασθαι τοῖς πράγμασι.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν τόν Θεόν οὐ λυπεῖ, οὐδέ λυπεῖται πρός τινα διά πρόσκαιρα· μίαν δέ λύπης καί λυπεῖ καί λυπεῖται σωτήριον, ἥν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος καί ἐλυπήθη καί ἐλύπησε τούς Κορινθίους.

Ὁ ἀγαπῶν τόν Θεόν, ἀγγελικόν βίον ἐπί γῆς ζῇ, νηστεύων καί ἀγρυπνῶν, ψάλλων καί προσευχόμενος, καί περί παντός ἀνθρώπους ἀεί καλά λογιζόμενος.

Εἰ οὗτινός τις ἐπιθυμεῖ, τούτου καί τυχεῖν ἀγωνίζεται· πάντων δέ τῶν ἀγαθῶν καί ἐπιθυμητῶν ἀγαθώτερον τό Θεῖον καί ἐπιθυμητότερον ἀσυγκρίτως· πόσης ἄρα σπουδήν ὀφείλομεν ἐνδείξασθαι, ἵνα τούτου τοῦ φύσει ἀγαθοῦ καί ἐπιθυμητοῦ τύχωμεν.

Μή μολύνῃς τήν σάρκα σου ἐν αἰσχροῖς πράξεσι, καί μή μιάνῃς τήν ψυχήν πονηροῖς λογισμοῖς καί ἡ εἰρήνη τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐπελεύσεται ἐπί σέ, τήν ἀγάπην φέρουσα.

Αἴκιζε τήν σάρκα σου ἀσιτίᾳ καί ἀγρυπνίᾳ, καί σχόλασον ἀόκνως ψαλμωδίᾳ καί προσευχῇ· καί ὁ ἁγιασμός τῆς σωφροσύνης ἐπί σέ ἐπελεύσεται, τήν ἀγάπην φέρων.

Ὁ τῆς θείας καταξιωθείς γνώσεως, καί τόν ταύτης φωτισμόν διά τῆς ἀγάπης κτησάμενος, οὐ ῥιπισθήσεταί ποτε ὑπό τοῦ τῆς κενοδοξίας πνεύματος · ὁ δέ ταύτης μήπω καταξιωθείς, εὐχερῶς ὑπ᾿ αὐτῆς περιφέρεται . Ἐάν οὖν ὁ τοιοῦτος ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ πραττομένοις πρός τόν Θεόν ἀποβλέψῃ, ὡς δι᾿ αὐτόν πάντα ποιῶν, ῥᾳδίως σύν Θεῷ ἐκφεύξεται αὐτήν.

Ὁ μήπω τυχών τῆς θείας γνώσεως τῆς διά ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένης, μέγα φρονεῖ ἐπί τοῖς ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ κατά Θεόν πραττομένοις. Ὁ δέ ταύτης τυχεῖν καταξιωθείς, μετά διαθέσεως λέγει τά τοῦ πατριάρχου Ἀβράαμ ῥήματα, ἅπερ ἡνίκα τῆς θείας καταξιώθη ἐπιφανείας, εἶπεν· Ἐγώ εἰμί γῆ καί σποδός.

Ὁ φοβούμενος τόν Κύριον, συνόμιλον ἀεί ἔχει τήν ταπεινοφροσύνην· καί διά τῶν ταύτης ἐνθυμημάτων, εἰς τήν θείαν ἀγάπην καί εὐχαριστίαν ἔρχεται. Μνημονεύει γάρ τῆς κατά τόν κόσμον προτέρας διαγωγῆς, καί τῶν ποικίλων παραπτωμάτων, καί τῶν ἐκ νεότητος συμβάντων αὐτῷ πειρασμῶν· καί πῶς πάντων ἐκείνων ἐῤῥύσατο αὐτόν ὁ Κύριος, καί μετέστησεν ἀπό τῆς ἐμπαθοῦς ζωῆς, εἰς τόν κατά Θεόν βίον· καί σύν τῷ φόβῳ, προσλαμβάνεται καί τήν ἀγάπην, εὐχαριστῶν ἀεί μετά ταπενοφροσύνης πολλῆς τῷ εὐεργέτῃ, καί κυβερνήτῃ τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν.

Μή ῥυπώσῃς τόν νοῦν σου, λογισμῶν ἀνεχόμενος ἐπιθυμίας καί θυμοῦ, ἵνα μή τῆς καθαρᾶς προσευχῆς ἐκπεσών, τῷ τῆς ἀκηδίας πνεύματι περιπέσῃς.

Τό τηνικαῦτα ὁ νοῦς τῆς πρός Θεόν παῤῥησίας ἐκπίπτει, ὁπηνίκα πονηροῖς ἤ ῥυπαροῖς λογισμοῖς συνόμιλλος γένηται.

Ὁ μέν ἄφρων ὑπό τῶν παθῶν ἀγόμενος, ὅτε μέν ὑπό τοῦ θυμοῦ κινούμενον ἐκταράσσεται, φεύγειν ἀλογίστως τούς ἀδελφούς ἐπείγεται· ὅτε δέ πάλιν ὑπό τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ἐκθερμαίνεται, μεταμελόμενος αὖθις προστρέχων ἀπαντᾷ. Ὁ δέ φρόνιμος, ἐπ᾿ ἀμφοτέρων τοὐναντίον ποιεῖ. Ἐπί μέν γάρ τοῦ θυμοῦ, τάς αἰτίας τῆς ταραχῆς ἐκκόψας, τῆς πρός τούς ἀδελφούς λύπης ἑαυτόν ἀπαλλάττει· ἐπί δέ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας, τῆς ἀλόγου ὁρμῆς καί συτυχίας ἐγκρατεύεται.

Ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῶν πειρασμῶν, μή καταλίπῃς τό μοναστήριόν σου· ἀλλά φέρε γενναίως τά κύματα τῶν λογισμῶν, καί μάλιστα τῶν τῆς λύπης καί ἀκηδίας. Οὕτω γάρ οἰκονομικῶς διά τῶν θλίψεων δοκιμασθείς, ἕξεις βεβαίαν τήν εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίδα. Ἐάν δέ καταλιμπάνῃς, ἀδόκιμος καί ἄνανδρος καί ἄστατος εὑρεθήσῃ.

Ἐάν θέλῃς τῆς κατά Θεόν ἀγάπης μή ἐκπεσεῖν, μήτε τόν ἀδελφόν ἀφῇς κοιμηθῆναι λυπούμενον κατά σοῦ, μήτε σύ κοιμηθῇς λυπούμενος κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ· ἀλλ᾿ Ὕπαγε, διαλλάγηθι τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου, καί ἐλθών, πρόσφερε Χριστῷ καθαρῷ τῷ συνειδότι, δι᾿ ἐκτενοῦς προσευχῆς δῶρον τῆς ἀγάπης.

Εἰ ὁ πάντα τά χαρίσματα τοῦ Πνεύματος ἔχων, ἀγάπην δέ μή ἔχων, οὐδέν ὠφελεῖται, κατά τόν Θεῖον Ἀπόστολον· πόσην ὀφείλομεν ἐνδείξασθαι σπουδήν, ἵνα ταύτην κτησώμεθα;

Εἰ Ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον κακόν οὐκ ἐργάζεται, ὁ φθονῶν τῷ ἀδελφῷ, καί λυπούμενος ἐπί τῇ εὐδοκιμήσει αὐτοῦ, καί σκώμμασι χραίνων τήν ὑπόληψιν αὐτοῦ, ἤ ἔν τινι, κακοηθείᾳ ἐπιβουλεύων αὐτῷ, πῶς οὐκ ἀλλότριον ἑαυτόν τῆς ἀγάπης καθίστησι, καί ἔνοχον τῆς αἰωνίου κρίσεως;

Εἰ Πλήρωμα νόμου ἡ ἀγάπη, ὁ μνησικακῶν τῶ ἀδελφῷ, καί δόλους κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ συσκευάζων καί κατευχόμενος αὐτοῦ καί ἐπιχαίρων τῷ πτώματι αὐτοῦ, πῶς ὁ παράνομός ἐστι, καί τῆς αἰωνίου κολάσεως ἄξιος;

Εἰ ὁ καταλαλῶν ἀδελφοῦ καί κρίνων ἀδελφόν, καταλαλεῖ καί κρίνει νόμον· ὁ δέ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἀγάπη, πῶς τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁ κατάλαλος οὐκ ἐκπίπτει, καί αἴτιος ἑαυτῷ γίνεται κολάσεως αἰωνίου;

Μή δῴης τήν ἀκοήν σου τῇ γλώσσῃ τοῦ καταλάλου, μηδέ τήν γλῶσσάν σου τῇ ἀκοῇ τοῦ φιλοψόγου, ἡδέως λαλῶν ἤ ἀκούων κατά τοῦ πέλας, ἵνα μή ἐκπέσῃς τῆς θείας ἀγάπης, καί ἀλλότριος εὑρεθῇς τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς.

Μή καταδέχου κατά τοῦ Πατρός σου λοιδορίαν, μηδέ προθυμοποιήσῃς τόν ἀτιμάζοντα αὐτόν· ἵνα μή ὁργισθῇ Κύριος ἐπί τοῖς ἔργοις σου, καί ἐξολοθρεύσῃ σε ἐκ γῆς ζώντων.

Ἐπιστόμιζε τόν καταλαλοῦντα ἐν ἀκοαῖς σου, ἵνα μή διπλῆν ἁμαρτίαν σύν αὐτῷ ἁμαρτάνῃς· καί σαυτόν ὀλεθρίῳ πάθει ἐθίζων, κακεῖνον κατά τοῦ πλησίον φλυαρεῖν οὐκ ἀνακόπτων.

Ἐγώ δέ λέγω ὑμῖν, φησίν ὁ Κύριος· Ἀγαπᾶτε τούς ἐχθρούς ὑμῶν· καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς· προσεύχεσθε ὑπέρ τῶν ἐπιρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς. Διά τί ταῦτα προσέταξεν; Ἵνα σε μίσους καί λύπης καί ὁργῆς καί μνησικακίας ἐλευθερώσῃ, καί τοῦ μεγίστου κτήματος τῆς τελείας ἀγάπης καταξιώσῃ· ἥν ἀμήχανον ἔχειν, τόν μή πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπῶντα κατά μίμησιν Θεοῦ, τοῦ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπῶντος, καί θέλοντος σωθῆναι καί εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν.

Ἐγώ δέ λέγω ὑμῖν· Μή ἀντιστῆναι τῷ πονηρῷ· ἀλλ᾿ ὅστις σε ῥαπίσει ἐπί τήν δεξιάν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καί τήν ἄλλην· καί τῷ θέλοντί σοι κριθῆναι καί τόν χιτῶνά σου λαβεῖν, ἄφες αὐτῷ καί τό ἱμάτιον· καί τῷ ἀγγαρεύοντί σε μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ δύο. Διά τί; Ἵνα καί σέ ἀόργητον καί ἀτάραχον διαφυλάξῃ καί ἄλυπον, κἀκεῖνον διά τῆς σῆς ἀνεξικακίας παιδεύσῃ, και ἀμφοτέρους ὡς ἀγαθός ὑπό τόν ζυγόν τῆς ἀγάπης ἀγάγῃ.

Πρός ἅπερ πράγματά ποτε πεπόνθαμεν, τούτων καί τάς φαντασίας ἐμπαθεῖς περιφέρομεν. Ὁ οὖν τάς ἐμπαθεῖς νικῶν φαντασίας, καί τῶν πραγμάτων ὧν αἱ φαντασίαι πάντως καταφρονεῖ· ἐπειδή τοῦ πρός τά πράγματα πολέμου ὁ πρός τάς μνήμας τοσοῦτόν ἐστι χαλεπώτερος, ὅσον τοῦ κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν ἁμαρτάνειν, τό κατά διάνοιαν ἐστιν εὐκοπώτερον.

Τῶν παθῶν τά μέν ἐστι σωματικά, τά δέ ψυχικά. Καί τά μέν σωματικά, ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ἔχει τάς ἀφορμάς· τά δέ ψυχικά, ἐκ τῶν ἔξωθεν πραγμάτων. Ἀμφότερα δέ περικόπτει ἀγάπη καί ἐγκράτεια· ἡ μέν, τά ψυχικά, ἡ δέ τά σωματικά.

Τά μέν τῶν παθῶν, τοῦ θυμικοῦ· τά δέ τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς, τυγχάνει. Ἀμφότερα δέ, διά τῶν αἰσθήσεων κινεῖται. Τότε δέ κινεῖται, ὅτε ἀγάπης ἡ ψυχή καί ἐγκρατείας, ἐκτός εὑρίσκεται.

Δυσκαταγώνιστα μᾶλλον τά τοῦ θυμικοῦ μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς πάθη, παρά τά τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ τυγχάνει. Διό καί μεῖζον τό φάρμακον κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἡ ἐντολή τῆς ἀγάπης ὑπό τοῦ Κυρίου ἐδόθη.

Πάντα τά ἄλλα πάθη, ἤ τοῦ θυμικοῦ μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς, ἤ τοῦ ἐπιθυμητικοῦ μόνον ἐφάπτεται. ἤ καί τοῦ λογιστικοῦ, ὡς ἡ λήθη καί ἡ ἄγνοια· ἡ δέ ἀκηδία, πασῶν τῶν τῆς ψυχῆς δυνάμεων ἐπιδραττομένη, πάντα σχεδόν ὁμοθυμαδόν κινεῖ τά πάθη. Διό καί πάντων τῶν ἄλλων παθῶν ἐστι βαρύτατον. Καλῶς οὖν ὁ Κύριος τό κατ᾿ αὐτῆς φάρμακον δεδωκώς, Ἐν τῇ ὑπομονῇ ὑμῶν, λέγει, κτήσασθε τά ψυχάς ὑμῶν.

Μή πλήξῃς ποτέ τινα τῶν ἀδελφῶν, παραλόγως μάλιστα· μή ποτε μή φέρων τήν θλίψιν, ὑποχωρήσῃ· καί οὐ μή ἐκφεύξῃ ποτέ τόν ἔλεγχον τοῦ συνειδότος, ἀεί σοι λύπην ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς προσευχῆς προξενοῦντα, καί τῆς θείας παῤῤησίας τόν νοῦν ἀπελαύνοντα.

Μή ἀνάσχῃ τῶν σκάνδαλά σοι φερουσῶν ὑπονοιῶν, ἤ καί ἀνθρώπων, κατά τινων. Οἱ γάρ παραδεχόμενοι σκάνδαλα ἐν οἷῳ δήποτε τρόπῳ τῶν κατά προαίρεσιν ἤ παρά προαίρεσιν συμβαινόντων, οὐκ ἴσασι τήν ὁδόν τῆς εἰρήνης, τήν φέρουσαν διά τῆς ἀγάπης εἰς τήν γνῶσιν τοῦ Θεοῦ τούς ταύτης ἐραστάς.

Οὔπω ἔχει τελείαν τήν ἀγάπην, ὁ ἔτι τοῖς γνώμαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων συνδιατιθέμενος. Οἷον, τόν μέν ἀγαπῶν, τόν δέ μισῶν, διά τόδε ἤ τόδε· ἤ καί τόν αὐτόν ποτέ μέν ἀγαπῶν, ποτέ δέ μισῶν, διά τάς αὐτάς αἰτίας.

Ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη οὐ συνδιασχίζει τήν μίαν τῶν ἀνθρώπων φύσιν, ταῖς διαφόροις αὐτῶν γνώμαις· ἀλλ᾿ εἰς αὐτήν ἀεί ἀποβλεπομένη, πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐξ ἴσου ἀγαπᾷ· τούς μέν σπουδαίους, ὡς φίλους· τούς δέ φαύλους, ὡς ἐχθρούς ἀγαπᾷ, εὐεργετοῦσα καί μακροθυμοῦσα, καί ὑπομένουσα τά παρ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐπαγόμενα· τό κακόν τό συνόλως μή λογιζομένη, ἀλλά καί πάσχουσα ὑπέρ αὐτῶν, εἰ καιρός καλέσειεν, ἵνα καί αὐτούς ποιήσῃ φίλους εἰ οἷόν τε· εἰ δέ μή, τῆς γε ἰδίας διαθέσεως οὐκ ἐκπίπτει, τούς τῆς ἀγάπης καρπούς ἀεί ἐξ ἴσου πρός πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐνδεικνυμένη. Διό καί ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν καί Θεός Ἰησοῦς, Χριστός, τήν αὐτοῦ ἀγάπην εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐνδειξάμενος, ὑπέρ ὅλης τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος ἔπαθεν, καί πᾶσιν ἐξ ἴσου τήν ἐλπίδα τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐχαρίσατο· εἰ καί ἕκαστος ἑαυτόν, εἴτε δόξης, εἴτε κολάσεως καθίστησιν ἄξιον.

Ὁ μή καταφρονῶν δόξης καί ἀτιμίας, πλούτου καί πενίας, ἡδονῆς τε καί λύπης, τελείαν ἀγάπην οὔπω ἐκτήσατο. Ἡ γάρ τελεία ἀγάπη οὐ μόνον τούτων καταφρονεῖ, ἀλλά καί αὐτῆς τῆς προσκαίρου ζωῆς τε καί τοῦ θανάτου.

Ἄκουε τῶν καταξιωθέντων τῆς τελείας ἀγάπης, ποῖα λέγουσι· Τίς ἡμᾶς χωρίσει ἀπό τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Χριστοῦ; θλίψις; ἤ στενοχωρία; ἤ διωγμός; ἤ λιμός; ἤ γυμνότης; ἤ κίνδυνος; ἤ μάχαιρα; καθώς γέγραπται· Ὅτι ἕνεκα σοῦ θανατούμεθα ὅλην τήν ἡμέραν· ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς. Ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν ὑπερνικῶμεν, διά τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς. Πέπεισμαι γάρ, ὅτι οὔτε θάνατος, οὔτε ζωή, οὔτε ἄγγελοι, οὔτε ἀρχαί, οὔτε δυνάμεις, οὔτε ἐνεστῶτα, οὔτε μέλλοντα, οὔτε ὕψωμα, οὔτε βάθος, οὔτε τις κτίσις ἑτέρα δυνήσεται ἡμᾶς χωρίσαι ἀπό τῆς ἀγάπης τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν.

Περί δέ τῆς εἰς τόν πλησίον ἀγάπης, ἄκουε πάλιν οἷα λέγουσιν· Ἀλήθειαν λέγω ἐν Χριστῷ, οὐ ψεύδομαι, συμμαρτυρούσης μοι καί τῆς συνειδήσεώς μου ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ· ὅτι λύπη μοί ἐστι πολλή, καί ἀδιάλειπτος ὀδύνη τῇ καρδίᾳ μου. Ηὐχόμην γάρ ἀνάθεμα εἶναι αὐτός ἐγώ ἀπό τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὑπέρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου, τῶν συγγενῶν μου κατά σάρκα, οἵτινές εἰσιν Ἰσραηλῖται, καί τά ἑξῆς. Ὡσαύτως καί ὁ Μωϋσῆς, καί οἱ λοιποί ἅγιοι .

Ὁ μή καταφρονῶν δόξης καί ἡδονῆς, καί τῆς τούτων αὐξητικῆς, καί δι᾿ αὐτάς συνισταμένης, φιλαργυρίας, τάς τοῦ θυμοῦ προφάσεις ἐκκόπτειν οὐ δύναται. Ὁ δέ ταύτας μή ἐκόπτων, τῆς τελείας ἀγάπης τυχεῖν οὐ δύναται.

Ταπείνωσις καί κακοπάθεια, πάσης ἁμαρτίας ἐλευθεροῦσι τόν ἄνθρωπον· ἡ μέν, τά τῆς ψυχῆς· ἡ δέ, τά τοῦ σώματος περικόπτουσα πάθη. Τοῦτο γάρ ποιῶν καί ὁ μακάριος φαίνεται Δαβίδ, ἐν οἷς εὔχεται πρός τόν Θεόν, λέγων· Ἰδέ τήν ταπείνωσίν μου καί τόν κόπον μου, καί ἄφες πάσας τάς ἁμαρτίας μου.

Διά μέν τῶν ἐντολῶν ὁ Κύριος, ἀπαθεῖς τούς ἐργαζομένους αὐτάς ἀποτελεῖ· διά δέ τῶν θείων δογμάτων, τόν φωτισμόν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῖς χαρίζεται.

Πάντα τά δόγματα, ἤ περί Θεοῦ εἰσιν, ἤ περί ὁρατῶν καί ἀοράτων, ἤ περί τῆς ἐν αὐτοῖς προνοίας καί κρίσεως.

Ἡ μέν ἐλεημοσύνη, τό θυμικόν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς θεραπεύει· ἡ δέ νηστεία, τήν μέν ἐπιθυμίαν μαραίνει· ἡ δέ προσευχή, τόν νοῦν καθαίρει, καί πρός τήν τῶν ὄντων θεωρίαν παρασκευάζει. Πρός γάρ τάς δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς, καί τάς ἐντολάς ὁ Κύριος ἡμῖν ἐχαρίσατο.

Μάθετε ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ, φησίν, ὅτι πρᾶός εἰμι καί ταπεινός τῇ καρδίᾳ, καί τά ἑξῆς. Ἡ μέν πραότης, ἀτάραχον τόν θυμόν διαφυλάττει· ἡ δέ ταπείνωσις, τύφου καί κενοδοξίας τόν νοῦν ἐλευθεροῖ.

Διττός ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ φόβος· ὁ μέν ἐκ τῶν ἀπειλῶν τῆς κολάσεως ἡμῖν ἐντικτόμενος, δι᾿ ὅν ἡ ἐγκράτεια καί ἡ ὑπομονή, καί ἡ εἰς Θεόν ἐλπίς, καί ἡ ἀπάθεια, ἐξ ἧς ἡ ἀγάπη, κατά τάξιν ἡμῖν ἐγγίνονται· ὁ δέ, αὐτῇ τῇ ἀγάπῃ συνέζευκται, εὐλάβειαν τῇ ψυχῇ ἀεί ἐμποιῶν, ἵνα μή διά τήν τῆς ἀγάπης παῤῥησίαν, εἰς καταφρόνησιν Θεοῦ ἔλθῃ.

Τόν μέν πρῶτον φόβον ἔξω βάλλει ἡ τελεία ἀγάπη τῆς ψυχῆς τῆς κεκτημένης αὐτήν, μηκέτι τήν κόλασιν φοβουμένης· τόν δέ δεύτερον, ἑαυτῇ ἔχει ἀεί, ὡς εἴρηται συνεζευγμένον. Καί τῷ μέν πρώτῳ φόβῳ, ἁρμόζει τό, Τῷ φόβῳ Κυρίου ἐκκλίνει πᾶς ἀπό κακοῦ. Καί, Ἀρχή σοφίας φόβος Κυρίου. Τῷ δέ δευτέρῳ, τό, Ὁ φόβος Κυρίου ἁγνός διαμένων εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος. Καί τό, Οὐκ ἔστιν ὑστέρημα τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν.

Νεκρώσατε τά μέλη ὑμῶν τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς· πορνείαν, ἀκαθαρσίαν, πάθος, ἐπιθυμίαν κακήν, καί τήν πλεονεξίαν, καί τά ἑξῆς. Γῆν μέν ὠνόμασε, τό φρόνημα τῆς σαρκός· πορνείαν δέ εἶπε, τήν κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν ἁμαρτίαν· ἀκαθαρσίαν δέ, τήν συγκατάθεσιν ἐκάλεσε· πάθος δέ, τόν ἐμπαθῆ λογισμόν ὠνόμασεν· ἐπιθυμίαν δέ κακήν, τήν ψιλήν τοῦ λογισμοῦ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας παραδοχήν· πλεονεξίαν δέ, τήν γεννητικήν τε καί αὐξητικήν τοῦ πάθους ὠνόμασεν ὕλην. Ταῦτα οὖν πάντα ὡς μέλη ὄντα τοῦ φρονήματος τῆς σαρκός, ἐκέλευσεν ὁ θεῖος Ἀπόστολος νεκρῶσαι.

Πρῶτον μέν ἡ μνήμη, ψιλόν τόν λογισμόν ἐπί τόν νοῦν ἀναφέρει· καί τούτου ἐγχρονίζοντος, κινεῖται τό πάθος· τούτου δέ μή ἀναιρουμένου, κάμπτει τόν νοῦν εἰς συγκατάθεσιν· ταύτης δέ γενομένης, ἔρχεται λοιπόν εἰς τήν κατ᾿ ἐνέργειαν ἁμαρτίαν. Ὁ οὖν πάνσοφος Ἀπόστολος πρός τούς ἀπό ἐθνῶν γράφων, τό ἀποτέλεσμα πρῶτον κελεύει ἀναιρεῖν τῆς ἁμαρτίας· εἶτα κατά τάξιν ἀναποδίζοντας, εἰς τήν αἰτίαν καταλήγειν. Ἡ δέ αἰτία ἐστίν, ἡ γεννητική, ὡς προείρηται, καί αὐξητική τοῦ πάθους πλεονεξία. Οἶμαι δέ ἐνταῦθα τήν γαστριμαργίαν σημαίνειν, ὡς μητέρα καί τροφόν τῆς πορνείας ὑπάρχουσαν. Ἡ γάρ πλεονεξία, οὐ μόνον ἐπί χρημάτων, ἀλλά καί ἐπί βρωμάτων κακή. Ὥσπερ καί ἡ ἐγκράτεια, οὐ μόνον ἐπί βρωμάτων, ἀλλά καί ἐπί χρημάτων καλή.

Ὥσπερ στρουθίον τόν πόδα δεδεμένον ἀρχόμενον πέτεσθαι, ἐπί τήν γῆν κατασπᾶται σχοινίῳ ἑλκόμενον· οὕτω καί ὁ νοῦς μήπω ἀπάθειαν κτησάμενος, καί ἐπί τήν τῶν οὐρανίων γνῶσιν πετόμενος, ὑπό τῶν παθῶν καθελκόμενος, ἐπί τήν γῆν κατασπᾶται.

Ὅτε νοῦς τελείως τῶν παθῶν ἐλευθερωθῇ, τότε καί ἐπί τήν θεωρίαν τῶν ὄντων ἀμεταστρεπτί ὁδεύει, ἐπί τήν γνῶσιν τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος τήν πορείαν ποιούμενος.

Καθαρός ὑπάρχων ὁ νοῦς, τά νοήματα τῶν πραγμάτων ἀναλαμβάνων, εἰς τήν πνευματικήν θεωρίαν αὐτῶν κινεῖται· ἀκάθαρτος δέ ἐκ ῥᾳθυμίας γεγονώς, τά μέν τῶν λοιπῶν πραγμάτων νοήματα ψιλά φαντάζεται· τά δέ ἀνθρώπινα δεχόμενος, εἰς αἰσχρούς ἤ πονηρούς λογισμούς μετατρέπεται.

Ὅταν ἀεί ἐν τῷ καιρῷ προσευχῆς μηδέν τῶν τοῦ κόσμου νοημάτων διενοχλήσῃ τῷ νῷ, τότε γίνωσκε σαυτόν μή ἔξω εἶναι τῶν ὄρων τῆς ἀπαθείας.

Ὅταν ἡ ψυχή ἄρχηται τῆς ἰδίας ὑγείας ἐπαισθάνεσθαι, τότε καί τάς ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις φαντασίας, ψιλάς καί ἀταράχους ἄρχεται βλέπειν.

Ὥσπερ τόν αἰσθητόν ὀφθαλμόν ἡ καλλονή τῶν ὁρατῶν· οὕτω καί τόν καθαρόν νοῦν, ἡ γνῶσις τῶν ἀοράτων πρός ἑαυτήν ἐπισπᾶται. Ἀόρατα δέ λέγω, τά ἀσώματα.

Μέγα μέν τό πρός τά πράγματα μή πάσχειν· μεῖζον δέ πολλῷ, τό πρός τάς φαντασίας αὐτῶν ἀπαθῆ διαμεῖναι. Διότι ὁ διά τῶν λογισμῶν πρός ἡμᾶς τῶν δαιμόνων πόλεμος, τοῦ διά τῶν πραγμάτων πολέμου ἐστί χαλεπώτερος.

Ὁ τάς ἀρετάς κατορθώσας, καί τῇ γνώσει πλουτήσας, ὡς φυσικῶς λοιπόν τά πράγματα διορῶν, πάντα κατά τόν ὀρθόν λόγον καί πράττει καί διαλέγεται, τό σύνολον μή παρατρεπόμενος. Ἐκ γάρ τοῦ εὐλόγως ἤ παραλόγως τοῖς πράγμασι χρήσασθαι, ἤ ἐνάρετοι ἤ φαῦλοι γινόμεθα.

Σημεῖον ἄκρας ἀπαθείας, τό ψιλά τά νοήματα τῶν πραγμάτων ἀεί ἀναβαίνειν ἐπί τήν καρδίαν, καί ἐγρηγορότος τοῦ σώματος, καί κατά τούς ὕπνους.

Διά μέν τῆς ἐργασίας τῶν ἐντολῶν, τά πάθη ὁ νοῦς ἀποδύεται· διά δέ τῆς τῶν ὁρατῶν πνευματικῆς θεωρίας, τά ἐμπαθῆ τῶν πραγμάτων νοήματα. Διά δέ τῆς τῶν ἀοράτων γνώσεως, τήν τῶν ὁρατῶν θεωρίαν· ταύτην δέ, διά τῆς γνώσεως τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος.

Ὥσπερ ὁ ἥλιος ἀνατέλλων καί τόν κόσμον φωτίζων, δείκνησί τε ἑαυτόν καί τά ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ φωτιζόμενα πράγματα· οὕτω καί ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης Ἥλιος τῷ καθαρῷ νῷ ἀνατέλλων, καί ἑαυτόν δείκνυσι, καί πάντων τῶν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότων καί γενησομένων τούς λόγους.

Οὐκ ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας αὐτοῦ τόν Θεόν γινώσκομεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τῆς μεγαλουργίας αὐτοῦ καί προνοίας τῶν ὄντων. Διά τούτων γάρ ὡς δι᾿ ἐσόπτρων, τήν ἄπειρον ἀγαθότητα καί σοφίαν καί δύναμιν κατανοοῦμεν.

Ὁ καθαρός νοῦς, ἤ ἐν τοῖς ψιλοῖς νοήμασι τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων εὑρίσκεται, ἤ ἐν τῇ τῶν ὁρατῶν φυσικῇ θεωρίᾳ, ἤ ἐν τῇ τῶν ἀοράτων· ἤ ἐν τῷ φωτί τῆς ἁγίας Τριάδος.

Ἐν τῇ τῶν ὁρατῶν θεωρίᾳ γενόμενος ὁ νοῦς, ἤ τούς φυσικούς αὐτῶν λόγους ἐρευνᾷ, ἤ τούς δι᾿ αὐτῶν σημαινομένους, ἤ αὐτήν τήν αἰτίαν ζητεῖ.

Ἐν δέ τῇ τῶν ἀοράτων διατρίβων, τούς τε φυσικούς αὐτῶν λόγους ζητεῖ, καί τήν αἰτίαν τῆς γενέσεως αὐτῶν, καί τά τούτοις ἀκόλουθα. Καί τίς ἡ περί αὐτούς πρόνοια καί κρίσις.

Ἐν δέ Θεῷ γενόμενος, τούς περί τῆς οὐσίας αὐτοῦ πρῶτον λόγους, ζητεῖ μέν ὑπό τοῦ πόθου φλεγόμενος, οὐκ ἐκ τῶν κατ᾿ αὐτόν δέ τήν παραμυθίαν εὑρίσκει· ἀμήχανον γάρ τοῦτο, καί ἀνένδεκτον πάσῃ γενητῇ φύσει ἐξ ἴσου· ἐκ δέ τῶν περί αὐτόν παραμυθεῖται· λέγω δή, τῶν περί ἀϊδιότητος, ἀπειρίας τε καί ἀοριστίας· ἀγαθότητός τε καί σοφίας καί δυνάμεως, δημιουργικῆς τε καί προνοητικῆς καί κριτικῆς τῶν ὄντων. Καί τοῦτο πάντη καταληπτόν αὐτοῦ μόνον, ἡ ἀπειρία, καί αὐτό τό μηδέν γινώσκειν, ὑπέρ νοῦν γινώσκειν, ὥς που οἱ θεολόγοι ἄνδρες εἰρήκασι, Γρηγόριός τε καί Διονύσιος.

Scripture echoes

  1. 2Pet.1.5-2Pet.1.7And for this very reason, make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue, and virtue with knowledge, 2Pet.1.6 — and in knowledge self-control, and in self-control endurance, and in endurance godliness, 2Pet.1.7 — and in your godliness, brotherly love; and in brotherly love, love.
  2. Rom.11.36;Col.1.16;John.1.3For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever. Amen. Col.1.16 — For in him all things were created, in the heavens and on earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities — all things have been created through him and for him. John.1.3 — All things came into being through him, and apart from him not even one thing came into being that has come into being.
  3. 1Cor.13.13And now faith, hope, and love remain, these three; but the greatest of these is love.
  4. 1Pet.1.8Though you have not seen him, you love him; and though you do not see him now, you believe in him and rejoice with inexpressible and glorious joy.
  5. 1John.4.20If anyone says, 'I love God,' and hates his brother, he is a liar. For the one who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen.
  6. John.14.15If you love me, you will keep my commandments.
  7. John.15.12This is my commandment: that you love one another, just as I have loved you.
  8. Lev.19.18;Matt.22.39;Rom.13.9-Rom.13.10You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the sons of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD. Matt.22.39 — And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. Rom.13.9 — For the commandments — 'You shall not commit adultery, you shall not murder, you shall not steal, you shall not covet' — and every other commandment are summed up in this word: 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' Rom.13.10 — Love does no wrong to a neighbor; therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.
  9. John.14.15;1John.4.20-1John.4.21If you love me, you will keep my commandments. 1John.4.20 — If anyone says, 'I love God,' and hates his brother, he is a liar. For the one who does not love his brother whom he has seen cannot love God whom he has not seen. 1John.4.21 — And this commandment we have from him: the one who loves God must also love his brother.
  10. Ps.1.1Blessed is the one who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, and does not stand in the way of sinners, and does not sit in the seat of scoffers.
  11. Ps.1.1Blessed is the one who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, and does not stand in the way of sinners, and does not sit in the seat of scoffers.
  12. Titus.2.12training us to renounce ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright, and godly lives in the present age
  13. Gal.5.6;1Cor.13.2For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any power; but only faith working through love. 1Cor.13.2 — And if I have prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.
  14. Acts.7.59-Acts.7.60And they were stoning Stephen, who was calling upon the name of the Lord, saying, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." Acts.7.60 — Then he knelt down and cried out with a loud voice, 'Lord, do not hold this sin against them.' And having said this, he fell asleep.
  15. Luke.23.34Jesus was saying, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." And they divided his garments by casting lots.
  16. Jer.7.4Do not trust in deceptive words, saying, 'This is the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD, the temple of the LORD.'
  17. Jas.2.14-Jas.2.17What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? That faith cannot save him, can it? Jas.2.15 — If a brother or sister is naked and lacking daily food, Jas.2.16 — and if one of you says to them, 'Go in peace; keep warm and eat well,' but you do not give them the necessities of the body, what good is it? Jas.2.17 — So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead by itself.
  18. Jas.2.19You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder.
  19. 2Cor.7.8-2Cor.7.9;2Cor.2.1-2Cor.2.4For even if I grieved you with the letter, I do not regret it — even if I did regret it — for I see that that letter grieved you, though only for a season. 2Cor.7.9 — Now I rejoice—not because you were grieved, but because you were grieved unto repentance; for you were grieved according to God, so that in nothing you might be put to loss by us. 2Cor.2.1 — For I decided this for myself, not to come to you again in grief. 2Cor.2.2 — For if I grieve you, who is there to make me glad except the one who is grieved by me? 2Cor.2.3 — And I wrote this very thing to you, so that when I came I might not have sorrow from those who ought to make me rejoice, having confidence in you all that my joy is the joy of you all. 2Cor.2.4 — For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears, not that you might be grieved, but that you might know the love that I have more abundantly toward you.
  20. Phil.4.7And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
  21. Eph.4.14so that we are no longer children, tossed by waves and carried about by every wind of teaching in the trickery of men, in craftiness with a view to the error
  22. Col.3.17;1Cor.10.31And whatever you do, in word or in deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. 1Cor.10.31 — So, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.
  23. 1Cor.13.1-1Cor.13.3If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. 1Cor.13.2 — And if I have prophecy, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing. 1Cor.13.3 — And if I give away all I possess, and if I hand over my body so that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.
  24. Jas.4.11;Gal.5.4Do not speak against one another, brothers. The one who speaks against a brother or judges his brother speaks against the law and judges the law. But if you judge the law, you are not a doer of the law but a judge. Gal.5.4 — You have been severed from Christ, you who are being justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace.
  25. Matt.5.44;Luke.6.27-Luke.6.28But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. Luke.6.27 — But I say to you who are listening: love your enemies, do good to those who hate you. Luke.6.28 — Bless those who curse you; pray for those who mistreat you.
  26. 1Tim.2.4who desires all people to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth.
  27. Matt.5.44-Matt.5.48But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. Matt.5.45 — so that you may become sons of your Father who is in heaven, for he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the righteous and on the unrighteous. Matt.5.46 — For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? Matt.5.47 — And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing that is special? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? Matt.5.48 — Therefore be perfect, as your Father in heaven is perfect.
  28. Matt.5.39-Matt.5.41But I say to you, do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. Matt.5.40 — And if anyone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. Matt.5.41 — And whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two.
  29. Matt.11.29-Matt.11.30Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. Matt.11.30 — For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.
  30. Luke.21.19By your endurance you will gain your lives.
  31. Rom.8.35Who will separate us from the love of Christ? Tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword?
  32. Rom.8.36;Ps.44.22As it is written, 'For your sake we are being put to death all day long; we are counted as sheep for slaughter.' Ps.44.22 — Is it not God who will search this out? For he knows the hidden things of the heart.
  33. Rom.8.38-Rom.8.39For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor rulers, neither the present nor the future, nor powers Rom.8.39 — nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord
  34. Col.1.16For in him all things were created, in the heavens and on earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities — all things have been created through him and for him.
  35. Prov.1.7;Ps.18.10;1John.4.18The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge; fools despise wisdom and instruction. Ps.18.10 — He spread out the heavens and came down, with thick darkness under his feet. 1John.4.18 — There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear, because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fears has not been perfected in love.
  36. 1John.4.18There is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out fear, because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fears has not been perfected in love.
  37. Prov.3.7Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the LORD and turn from evil.
  38. Ps.18.10;Ps.20.9He spread out the heavens and came down, with thick darkness under his feet. Ps.20.9 — They have bowed down and fallen, but we have risen and stand upright.
  39. Ps.33.10;Ps.35.9The LORD frustrates the counsel of the nations; he thwarts the plans of the peoples. Ps.35.9 — Then my soul will rejoice in the LORD; it will exult in his salvation.
  40. Col.3.5Put to death, therefore, the parts of you that belong to the earth: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed, which is idolatry.
  41. Col.3.5Put to death, therefore, the parts of you that belong to the earth: sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed, which is idolatry.
  42. Rom.1.20For since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes have been clearly perceived, being understood through the things that have been made: both his eternal power and divine nature. So they are without excuse.
  43. 1Cor.13.12For now we see in a mirror, dimly; but then face to face. Now I know in part; but then I shall know fully, even as I have been fully known.

Notes

  1. 1ἕξις rendered as 'settled habit' (ascetical/philosophical hexis: a stable acquired state), not a casual routine. προσπάθεια rendered as 'attachment' for passionate clinging to created things, not mere fondness.
  2. 2ἀπάθεια rendered as 'freedom from the passions' (Evagrian/Maximian dispassion), not modern 'apathy'. περιεκτική ἐγκράτεια: 'comprehensive' self-control (all-embracing continence).
  3. 3Source spelling εἰλωλολατρούντων is treated as εἰδωλολατρούντων, 'those who practice idolatry / worship idols.'
  4. 4προσεδρεία rendered as 'devoted attendance' (assiduous nearness/attention to God); alternatives include 'steadfast devotion' or 'constant application to God'.
  5. 5ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγονότα: αὐτοῦ may point to God (from s1) or to the light; rendered as creative agency ('through Him') rather than mere spatial 'under it'.
  6. 6πτερούμενος is masculine and continues νοῦς from s1; 'the mind' is supplied for clarity. τῶν ὄντων rendered as 'everything that exists' (created beings), not abstract 'being' alone.
  7. 7κατανένυγμαι is the Septuagint wording of Isaiah 6:5 (often rendered 'I am undone' from the Hebrew); kept here as 'pierced with compunction' to match Maximos's Greek and the protected term for grace-pierced sorrow.
  8. 8Source sentence is only a bare period ('.') with no Greek lexical content; left untranslated rather than inventing text.
  9. 9οἰκονομεῖ is rendered as 'manages' (stewards/disposes) rather than mere 'spends'; θεοπρεπῶς as 'in a way that befits God' rather than the more formal 'God-befittingly'.
  10. 10δι᾿ ἀγαθήν προαίρεσιν names the ground of preferential regard for the virtuous (their good moral choice/disposition), not a license to withhold bodily necessities from the base; the next centurion (§25) uses the same pair of nature + προαίρεσις.
  11. 11ἀπαθής is rendered “free from passion” for both God and the human exemplar: divine impassibility and human apatheia as freedom from disordered passion, not emotional blankness. γνώμη is rendered “free choice/will” (moral disposition of choice); οἰκειούμενον as “become his own” (made intimate/kin to God by that choice).
  12. 12Source reading τήν θείαν ἀγάπης is grammatically irregular (likely for τὴν θείαν ἀγάπην, 'divine love'); translated as the intended accusative object of κτησάμενος.
  13. 13Word order πάντα πόνον ὀνειδισμόν τε καί φέρει ὕβριν is awkward; rendered as three objects of φέρει: hardship (πόνον), reproach (ὀνειδισμόν), and insult (ὕβριν).
  14. 14οἰκονομικῶς rendered as 'providentially' (by divine economy/arrangement); Maximos uses this for God's wise ordering of events for our benefit.
  15. 15Ἀπάθεια is rendered as the technical ascetical term 'dispassion' (freedom from the passions), not as emotional numbness or indifference.
  16. 16οἱ κατ᾿ αὐτόν rendered as 'those like him' (followers/imitators of Stephen's pattern); could also mean 'those after his manner' in the same spiritual lineage.
  17. 17ψιλή πίστις: 'bare/mere faith' — faith stripped of works and love, not saving faith as such.
  18. 18αὐτήν refers back to κενοδοξία (vainglory) in s1; σύν Θεῷ rendered as ‘with God’ (cooperation/aid), not mere accompaniment.
  19. 19μετὰ διαθέσεως rendered as 'with a sincere heart' (inner disposition/attitude), not mere outward speech.
  20. 20Source reads ταπενοφροσύνης (missing iota); translated as the standard form ταπεινοφροσύνης, 'humility'.
  21. 21ἀκηδία (acedia) is kept as the traditional monastic term for spiritual listlessness/apathy; not mere boredom.
  22. 22Source has κινούμενον with ἐκταράσσεται; sense taken as 'when stirred by anger he is thrown into turmoil' (likely κινούμενος).
  23. 23συτυχίας likely for συντυχίας: chance meetings/encounters (or casual associations) that feed desire; rendered 'chance encounters'.
  24. 24Greek ἀκηδία (acedia): spiritual listlessness/apathy, a classic monastic passion.
  25. 25οἰκονομικῶς: by divine economy/providence; rendered as providential arrangement rather than mere management.
  26. 26ἀδόκιμος: untested/failed the test; also can mean counterfeit or rejected as unfit.
  27. 27κατευχόμενος can mean cursing/imprecating evil upon someone, not praying for him; rendered as 'curses him'.
  28. 28Source ἐπιρεαζόντων is almost certainly ἐπηρεαζόντων ('those who mistreat/abuse you'), as in the Gospel command (cf. Matt 5:44; Luke 6:28).
  29. 29Subject of διαφυλάξῃ / παιδεύσῃ / ἀγάγῃ is the Lord who gives the command (cf. MaximosLove.1.2.61); not a generic impersonal ‘so that one may…’.
  30. 30φαντασίαι / ἐμπαθεῖς φαντασίαι rendered as 'passionate mental images' (not mere imagination or fantasy in the modern pejorative sense): passionate representational impressions that re-present the objects of former affection or injury. μνῆμαι = memories of those objects.
  31. 31ἀφορμάς rendered as 'starting points' (occasions/origins of motion), not mere 'pretexts'.
  32. 32ἐγκράτεια rendered as 'self-control' (ascetical restraint); 'continence' is possible but more specialized.
  33. 33κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ is singular ('against it'); the natural antecedent is the irascible part (or its passions taken as a whole), not both soul-parts from s1.
  34. 34ἀκηδία kept as the technical ascetical term 'acedia' (spiritual listlessness / despondency), not flattened to mere laziness.
  35. 35θείας παῤῥησίας: patristic parrhesia before God—bold freedom of access in prayer; rendered as 'bold confidence before God' rather than mere frank speech.
  36. 36σκάνδαλα is the patristic sense of spiritual stumbling/offense (taking scandal), not modern public disgrace. ἤ καί ἀνθρώπων continues the genitive object of ἀνάσχῃ: do not tolerate such suspicions, or people who bring the same scandal against others.
  37. 37κατά προαίρεσιν ἤ παρά προαίρεσιν keeps Maximus's free-will vocabulary: events arising from deliberate choice versus those arising outside or against deliberate choice. ταύτης ἐραστάς is taken as lovers of that way (of peace).
  38. 38γνώμαις covers opinions, judgments, and mental dispositions; 'opinions' keeps the contrast with the one shared human nature. σπουδαίους is the earnest/virtuous, φαύλους the base/wicked.
  39. 39ἀρχαί and δυνάμεις are rendered as principalities and powers (standard Pauline cosmic-order vocabulary); they may also be heard as ranks of spiritual authorities.
  40. 40ἀνάθεμα ... ἀπό τοῦ Χριστοῦ renders the Pauline sense of being devoted/accursed and separated from Christ; not a casual 'curse' but sacrificial self-exclusion for others' sake.
  41. 41Likely alludes to Moses' intercession (e.g. Exodus 32:32) without quoting it; the Greek is only the comparative frame ὡσαύτως καί ...
  42. 42θυμός rendered as 'anger' (the irascible passion); προφάσεις as 'occasions' (the pretexts/triggers that give anger room to act).
  43. 43κακοπάθεια here means ascetical endurance of hardship/affliction (voluntary or accepted suffering), not mere misfortune.
  44. 44θυμικόν is rendered as the technical ascetic term 'irascible part' (anger/spirited faculty); ἐπιθυμία as 'desire' (concupiscible appetite); νοῦς as 'mind' (intellect). ἐλεημοσύνη is 'almsgiving' in this ascetic triad, not generic 'mercy'.
  45. 45θυμός here is the irascible faculty of the soul (as in 1.2.79's θυμικόν μέρος), not ordinary 'anger' alone; νοῦς is the intellective mind in Maximus's anthropology.
  46. 46ἀπάθεια rendered as 'dispassion' (the standard ascetical term in Maximus/Philokalia English); not emotional numbness but freedom from disordered passion.
  47. 47παῤῥησία here is the confident intimacy love has with God, not mere verbal boldness; 'bold confidence' keeps both access and the risk of presumption named in the purpose clause.
  48. 48πλεονεξία is rendered 'greed' to keep continuity with s1; in Maximus it often names the acquisitive substrate of passion more broadly, not money-greed alone (cf. neighboring 1.2.84 on foods as well as money).
  49. 49ψιλὴν ... παραδοχήν is the bare/mere reception of the desiring thought, before full consent and act — the first interior welcome of the λογισμός.
  50. 50πλεονεξία rendered as 'greed' (modern default); in the Col 3:5 chain it is the generative material of passion, not only love of money.
  51. 51ἀπάθεια rendered as 'dispassion' (the standard ascetical term for freedom from disordered passions), not mere emotional numbness.
  52. 52ἀπάθεια rendered as 'dispassion' (the Maximian/Evagrian technical term for freedom from disordered passions), not modern emotional numbness.
  53. 53λογισμοί rendered as 'thoughts' in the Evagrian/Maximian sense of impassioned mental suggestions, not mere neutral thinking.
  54. 54ψιλά νοήματα: technical Maximian term for mental representations of things stripped of passionate coloring—rendered 'bare thoughts' (not mere 'simple ideas'). ἀπάθεια kept as 'dispassion'.
  55. 55ταύτην is feminine and could in isolation point to the nearer θεωρίαν, but the maximian ascent requires the next object stripped to be knowledge/contemplation of the invisible, put off by knowledge of the Holy Trinity; rendered accordingly as 'this in turn'.
  56. 56Source δείκνησί is almost certainly a corrupt spelling of δείκνυσι (shows), matching the second clause; translation follows the corrected reading.
  57. 57λόγοι rendered as “principles” (Maximian logoi of creatures)—the intelligible reasons by which things exist in and through God—not mere verbal “words.”
  58. 58ψιλοῖς νοήμασι: rendered as 'bare concepts' (thoughts stripped of passion/attachment), the Evagrian–Maximian sense of passionless conceptual thinking, not merely 'simple' or 'mere' ideas.
  59. 59Elliptical Greek: Καί τίς ἡ περί αὐτούς πρόνοια καί κρίσις continues the seeking of s1; τίς with πρόνοια καί κρίσις is rendered as 'what providence and judgment' rather than a strict singular 'what is the providence and the judgment'.
  60. 60κατ᾿ αὐτόν vs. περί αὐτόν: Maximos' classic distinction between God as He is in Himself (incomprehensible) and the things 'around' God (attributes and operations by which creatures are consoled). παραμυθία/παραμυθεῖται rendered as consolation/is consoled (comfort for the mind's longing, not mere emotional soothing).
  61. 61τό μηδέν γινώσκειν, ὑπέρ νοῦν γινώσκειν: apophatic maxim—knowing nothing of God's essence is itself a knowing that surpasses the intellect. Γρηγόριος likely Gregory the Theologian (Nazianzen); Διονύσιος = Dionysius the Areopagite.

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