Le mérite des œuvres
The Harmony of Grace and Merit
The Church teaches that while good works are rewarded, their entire value flows from the grace of Christ, ensuring that all merit is ultimately a gift from God.
On the merit of works, the Catholic Church teaches that eternal life must be set before the children of God both as a grace mercifully promised to them through our Lord Jesus Christ, and as a reward faithfully rendered to their good works and merits, by virtue of that promise (Sess.1 vi. c. 46.)2 . These are the exact words of the Council of Trent. But so that human pride isn't flattered by the idea of a presumptuous merit, that same council teaches that the entire worth and value of Christian works comes from sanctifying grace, which is given to us freely in the name of Jesus Christ, and that this is an effect of the continual influence of this divine Head on his members.✦ Truly, the precepts, exhortations, promises, threats, and rebukes of the Gospel make it plain enough that we must work out our salvation by the movement of our wills with the grace of God who helps us; but it is a first principle that free will can do nothing that leads to eternal happiness except insofar as it is moved and raised by the Holy Spirit. So the Church, knowing that it is this divine Spirit who, by his grace, does in us everything good we do, must believe that the good works of the faithful are very pleasing to God and of great account before him; and she is right to use the word merit, along with all of Christian antiquity, chiefly to signify the worth, the peace, and the dignity of those works we do by grace. But since all their holiness comes from God, who works them in us, that same Church has received at the Council of Trent, as Catholic doctrine of faith, this saying of Saint Augustine: that God crowns his gifts when he crowns the merit of his servants. .
The Testimony of the Council
Extensive citations from the Council of Trent demonstrate that the Church attributes all human capacity for good to the strength of Christ, rejecting any self-glorifying merit.
We ask those who love truth and peace to kindly read these council words at some length, so they can once and for all free themselves from the false impressions people have given them about our teaching. “Although we see,” the Fathers of this council say (Sess.3 6. ch. 16.) , that Holy Scripture values good works so highly that Jesus Christ himself promises us that a cup of cold water given to a poor person will not be denied its reward; and that the Apostle testifies that a moment of light hardship suffered in this world will produce an eternal weight of glory: yet God forbid that the Christian should trust and glory in himself, and not in our Lord, whose goodness toward all people is so great that he wants the gifts he gives them to be their merits.”4 This doctrine runs through the entire council, which teaches in another session (Sess. xiv, c. 8.), that “we, who can do nothing of ourselves, can do all things with him who strengthens us, so that man has nothing to boast about, or any reason to trust in himself; rather, all his confidence and all his glory is in Jesus Christ, in whom we live, in whom we merit, and in whom we make satisfaction, bearing worthy fruits of penance that draw their strength from him, are offered to the Father through him, and are accepted by the Father in him.”✦✦✦5 That is why we ask for everything, hope for everything, and give thanks for everything through our Lord Jesus Christ.✦ We openly confess that we are acceptable to God only in him and through him; we cannot understand how anyone could attribute any other thought to us. We place our entire hope of salvation so completely in him alone that every day, in the sacrifice, we say these words to God: “Be pleased, O God, to grant to us sinners, your servants, who hope in the multitude of your mercies, some share and fellowship with your blessed apostles and martyrs, into whose number we beg you to receive us, not looking to merit, but pardoning us by grace, in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord.”✦6
Holy Fear and Humble Dependence
A balanced Christian life requires both the hope of salvation in Christ and a holy fear that keeps the believer vigilant and dependent on divine grace.
Will the Church never be able to persuade her children who have turned against her—not by explaining her faith, nor by the decisions of her councils, nor by the prayers of her sacrifice—that she believes she has no life and no hope, except in Jesus Christ alone?7 This hope is so strong that it makes God's children who walk faithfully in his ways feel a peace that surpasses all understanding, as the Apostle says (Phil. 4: 7). But even though this hope is stronger than the world's promises and threats, and even though it is enough to calm the turmoil of our consciences, it does not entirely extinguish the fear there—because while we are sure that God never abandons us of his own accord, we are never certain that we will not lose him through our own fault by rejecting his inspirations. It has pleased him to temper, by this wholesome fear, the confidence he inspires in his children; because, as Saint Augustine says, "such is our frailty in this place of tempta-8 tions and of dangers, that full security would produce in us carelessness and pride;" whereas this fear, which, according to the Apostle's precept (Phil. 2.9 12), makes us work out✦ our salvation with trembling, keeps us vigilant, and makes us cling with humble dependence to the One who works in us, by his grace, both to will and to do according to his good pleasure, as the same Saint Paul says.✦ (Ibid.✦ 13).✦ This is what is most necessary in the doctrine of justification; and our adversaries would be highly unreasonable if they didn't admit that this doctrine is enough to teach Christians that they must give back to God, through Jesus Christ, all the glory of their salvation.1011
A Call to Reconciliation
The author invites adversaries to move past polemical misunderstandings, noting that the core of the justification controversy is increasingly recognized as a bridgeable gap.
If after that the ministers throw themselves into subtle questions, it's worth warning them that the time is past for them to be so hard on us, given what they have already conceded to the Lutherans and to their own brothers on the subject of predestination and grace.12 That should have taught them to limit themselves, in this matter, to what is absolutely necessary for establishing the foundations of Christian piety.13 If they can just resolve to stay within these limits, they'll soon be satisfied; and they'll stop objecting that we nullify the grace of God by attributing everything to our good works—since we've shown them in such clear terms, at the Council of Trent, these three points so decisive on this matter: that our sins are forgiven us by pure mercy, because of Jesus Christ; that we owe to a free liberality the1415 righteousness that is in us by the Holy Spirit; and that all the good works we do are so many gifts of grace.1617 So we have to admit that the learned men of their party no longer contest this matter as fiercely as they did at the start; and there are few of them who don't confess to us that they shouldn't have separated over this point. But if this major difficulty regarding justification—which their earliest writers made their stronghold—is no longer considered decisive by the most sensible people among them, we leave it to them to consider how their separation should be judged, and what hope there might be for peace if they rose above prejudice and laid aside the spirit of dispute.1819
Read the original Latin
Sur le mérite des œuvres, l'Église catholique enseigne «que la vie éternelle doit être proposée aux enfants de Dieu» et comme une grâce qui leur est miséricordieusement pro» mise par le moyen de notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ, et comme» une récompense qui est fidèlement rendue à leurs bonnes» œuvres et à leurs mérites, en vertu de cette promesse» (Sess. vi. c. 46.) . Ce sont les propres termes du concile de Trente. Mais de peur que l'orgueil humain ne soit flatté par l'opinion d'un mérite présomptueux, ce même concile enseigne que tout le prix de la valeur des œuvres chrétiennes provient de la grâce sanctifiante, qui nous est donnée gratuitement au nom de Jésus-Christ, et que c'est un effet de l'influence continuelle de ce divin Chef sur ses membres.
Véritablement les préceptes, les exhortations, les promesses, les menaces et les reproches de l'Évangile font assez voir qu'il faut que nous opérions notre salut par le mouvement de nos volontés avec la grâce de Dieu qui nous aide: mais c'est un premier principe, que le libre arbitre ne peut rien faire qui conduise à la félicité éternelle, qu'autant qu'il est mu et élevé par le Saint-Esprit.
Ainsi, l'Église sachant que c'est ce divin Esprit qui fait en nous, par sa grâce, tout ce que nous faisons de bien, elle doit croire que les bonnes œuvres des fidèles sont très-agréables à Dieu, et de grande considération devant lui: et c'est justement qu'elle se sert du mot mérite avec toute l'antiquité chrétienne, principalement pour signifier la valeur, la paix et la dignité de ces œuvres que nous faisons par la grâce. Mais comme toute leur sainteté vient de Dieu qui les fait en nous, la même Église a reçu, dans le concile de Trente, comme doctrine de foi catholique, cette parole de saint Augustin, que Dieu couronne ses dons en couronnant le mérite de ses serviteurs. .
Nous prions ceux qui aiment la vérité et la paix, de vouloir bien lire ici un peu au long les paroles de ce concile, afin qu'ils se désabusent une fois des mauvaises impressions qu'on leur donne de notre doctrine. «Encore que nous voyions, *> disent les Pères de ce concile (Sess. vi. c. 16.) , que les» saintes Lettres estiment tant les bonnes œuvres, que Jésus» Christ nous promet lui - même qu'un verre d'eau froide,» donné à un pauvre, ne sera pas privé de sa récompense;» et que l'apôtre témoigne qu'un moment de peine légère,» soufferte en ce monde, produira un poids éternel de gloire:» toutefois à Dieu ne plaise que le chrétien se fie et se glorifie» en lui-même, et non en notre Seigneur, dont la bonté est» si grande envers tous les hommes, qu'il veut que les dons» qu'il leur fait soient leurs mérites.»
Cette doctrine est répandue dans tout ce concile, qui enseigne dans une autre session (Sess. xiv, c. 8.) , que «nous,» qui ne pouvons rien de nous-mêmes, pouvons tout avec» celui qui nous fortifie, en telle sorte que l'homme n'a rien» dont il se puisse glorifier,» ou pourquoi il se puisse confier en lui-même; «mais que toute sa confiance et toute sa» igloire est en Jésus-Christ, en qui nous vivons, en qui nous» méritons, en qui nous satisfaisons, faisant de dignes fruits» de pénitence, qui tirent leur force de lui, par lui sont of» ferts au Père, et en lui sont acceptés par le Père.» C'est pourquoi nous demandons tout, nous espérons tout, nous rendons grâces de tout par notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ. Nous confessons hautement que nous ne sommes agréables à Dieu qu'en lui et par lui; et nous ne comprenons pas qu'on puisse nous attribuer une autre pensée. Nous mettons tellement en lui seul toute l'espérance de notre salut, que nous disons tous les jours à Dieu ces paroles dans le sacrifice: «Daignez, ô Dieu, accorder à nous pécheurs, vos serviteurs, » qui espérons en la multitude de vos miséricordes; quelque » part et société avec vos bienheureux apôtres et martyrs » au nombre desquels nous vous prions de vouloir nous re» cevoir, ne regardant pas au mérite, mais nous pardonnant» par grâce, au nom de Jésus-Christ notre Seigneur.»
L'Église ne per^uadera-t-elle jamais à ses enfants qui sont devenus ses adversaires, ni par l'explication de sa foi, ni par les décisions de ses conciles, ni par les prières de son sacrifice, qu'elle croit n'avoir de vie, et qu'elle n'a d'espérance qu'en Jésus-Christ seul? Cette espérance est si forte, qu'elle fait sentir aux enfants de Dieu, qui marchent fidèlement dans ses voies, une paix qui surpasse toute intelligence, selon ce que dit l'Apôtre (Philip, iv. 7). Mais encore que cette espérance soit plus forte que les promesses et les menaces du monde, et qu'elle suffise pour calmer le trouble de nos consciences; elle n'y éteint pas tout à fait la crainte, parce que si nous sommes assurés que Dieu ne nous abandonne jamais de lui-même, nous ne sommes jamais certains que nous ne le perdrons pas par notre faute, en rejetant ses inspirations. Il lui a plu de tempérer, par cette crainte salutaire, la confiance qu'il inspire à ses enfants; parce que, comme dit saint Augustin, «telle est notre infirmité dans ce lieu de tenta.» tions et de périls, qu'une pleine sécurité produirait en nous» le relâchement et l'orgueil;» au lieu que cette crainte, qui, selon le précepte de l'Apôtre (Philip, n. 12), nous fait opérer. notre salut avec tremblement, nous rend vigilants, et fait que nous nous attachons, avec une humble dépendance, à Celui qui opère en nous, par sa grâce, le vouloir et le faire suivant son bon plaisir, comme dit le même saint Paul.
(Ibid. 13). Voilà ce qu'il y a de plus nécessaire dans la doctrine de la justification; et nos adversaires seraient fortdéraisonnables, s'il ne confessaient que cette doctrine suffit pour apprendre aux chrétiens qu'ils doivent rapporter à Dieu, par Jésus-Christ, toute la gloire de leur salut.
Si les ministres après cela se jettent sur des questions de subtilité, il est bon de les avertir' qu'il n'est plus temps désormais qu'ils se rendent si difficiles envers nous, après les choses qu'ils ont accordées aux Luthériens et à leurs propres frères sur le sujet de la prédestination ef de la grâce. Cela doit leur avoir appris à se réduire*, dans cette matière, à ce qui est absolument nécessaire pour établir les fondements de la piété chrétienne.
Que s'ils peuvent une fois se résoudre à se renfermer dans ces limites, ils seront bientôt satisfaits; et ils cesseront de nous objecter que nous anéantissons la grâce de Dieu, en attribuant tout à nos bonnes œuvres; puisque nous leur avons montré en termes si clairs/ dans le concile de Trente, ces trois points si décisifs en cette matière: «Que nos péchés» nous sont pardonnes par une pure miséricorde, à cause de» Jésus-Christ; que nous devons à une libéralité gratuite» la. justice qui est en nous par le Saint-Esprit; et que toutes» les bonnes œuvres que nous faisons sont autant de dons» de la grâce.»
Aussi faut-il avouer que les doctes de leur parti ne contestent plus tant sur cette matière qu'ils faisaient au commencement; et il y en a peu qui ne nous confessent qu'il ne fallait pas se séparer pour ce point. Mais si cette importante difficulté de la justification, de laquelle leurs premiers auteurs ont fait leur fort, n'est plus maintenant considérée comme capitale par les personnes les mieux sensées qu'ils aient entre eux, on leur laisse à penser ce qu'il faut juger de leur séparation, et ce qu'il faudroit espérer pour la paix, s'ils se mettoient au-dessus de la préoccupation, et s'ils quiltoient l'esprit de dispute.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Eph.4.15-Eph.4.16;Col.2.19 — But speaking the truth in love, let us grow up in every way into him who is the head, Christ, Eph.4.16 — from whom the whole body, joined and held together by every joint with which it is equipped, when each individual part is working properly, causes the growth of the body for building itself up in love. Col.2.19 — and not holding fast to the Head, from whom the whole body, supplied and knit together through its joints and ligaments, grows with the growth that is from God.
- ↩Phil.4.13 — I can do all things through him who strengthens me.
- ↩Matt.3.8;Luke.3.8 — Therefore bear fruit worthy of repentance. Luke.3.8 — Therefore, produce fruits worthy of repentance, and do not begin to say among yourselves, 'We have Abraham as our father.' For I tell you that God is able to raise up children for Abraham from these stones.
- ↩Acts.17.28 — For in him we live and move and have our being, as even some of your own poets have said, 'For we are also his offspring.'
- ↩Col.3.17;Eph.5.20 — And whatever you do, in word or in deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. Eph.5.20 — giving thanks always for all things in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ to God and the Father
- ↩Ps.51.1;Ps.51.3 — To the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. Ps.51.3 — Be gracious to me, O God, according to your steadfast love; according to your abundant mercy, blot out my transgressions.
- ↩Phil.2.12 — Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.
- ↩Phil.2.13 — For God is the one working in you, both to desire and to work for his good pleasure.
- ↩Phil.2.13 — For God is the one working in you, both to desire and to work for his good pleasure.
- ↩Phil.2.13 — For God is the one working in you, both to desire and to work for his good pleasure.
Notes
- 1 ↩Source has line-break guillemets splitting words (pro» mise, comme», bonnes» œuvres, promesse»). Translated the intended continuous reading: miséricordieusement promise; comme une récompense; bonnes œuvres; en vertu de cette promesse.
- 2 ↩Source reads «46.)». The classic Trent locus on merit is Session 6, chapter 16; if this is an OCR error for 16, later stages should correct the citation without changing the doctrinal rendering of s1.
- 3 ↩Source carries a corrupt marker '*>' after 'voyions,'; treated as non-lexical and omitted from the English.
- 4 ↩Closing claim equates God's gifts with the believer's merits: kept close to the Trent wording so the grace-and-merit doctrine is not softened.
- 5 ↩Normalized OCR corruptions: «igloire» → gloire; «of ferts» → offerts; line-break guillemets treated as print artifacts.
- 6 ↩Normalized line-break OCR split «re cevoir» → recevoir within the Mass quotation.
- 7 ↩Source reading 'per^uadera' is treated as OCR/corruption of French 'persuadera' ('will persuade').
- 8 ↩Augustine quotation is split across s5–s6 by source line/OCR break ('tenta.' / 'tions').
- 9 ↩Citation marker '(Philip, n.' is read as Philippians 2 (French 'ii' misread as 'n'), matching the following verse 12 and the 'work out your salvation' sense.
- 10 ↩Source has fused form «fortdéraisonnables»; read as «fort déraisonnables» (highly / thoroughly unreasonable).
- 11 ↩Source has «s'il ne confessaient» with singular «il» against plural «nos adversaires» and plural verb; translated as «if they did not admit» (s'ils ne confessaient).
- 12 ↩Source reading corrected: avertir' → avertir; ef → et (and), before de la grâce.
- 13 ↩Trailing asterisk on réduire* treated as a source footnote marker, not part of the wording.
- 14 ↩Source has 'pardonnes' (unaccented/corrupt); translated as 'pardonnés' = 'are forgiven'. Stray slash after 'clairs/' and broken quotation marks treated as OCR/markup noise, not as sense-bearing punctuation.
- 15 ↩Sentence ends mid-phrase on the article 'la', which belongs with 'justice' opening s2 (split packaging of one continuous period). Rendering keeps the break as given so s2 can complete it.
- 16 ↩French 'justice' here is the infused righteousness/justice of justification theology (Trent), not civil justice. Rendered 'righteousness' for contemporary clarity; 'justice' would also be defensible in older Catholic English.
- 17 ↩Continuation of s1 after split article 'la'; orphan opening and residual guillemets ('toutes»', 'dons»', closing ») treated as markup noise.
- 18 ↩In classical French theological prose, préoccupation commonly means prepossession or prejudice, not mere anxious concern; rendered here as 'prejudice'.
- 19 ↩Normalized reading taken as quittaient ('abandoned / laid aside'); archaic orthography mettoient/faudroit treated as mettaient/faudrait.
Exposition de la doctrine de l'Église catholique sur les matières de controverse companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit