Capítulo 16. De cómo el don de castidad es concedido a algunas personas, no sólo en el interior del ánima, mas también en la sensualidad; y esto por una de dos maneras.
Two Paths to Chastity
The gift of chastity is granted either through natural temperament or through the deliberate choice of the soul, and both must be directed toward God.
Our Lord gives the gift of chastity more generously to others; not only does He give them, in the soul, this loathing for its pleasures, but they possess such temperance in their senses and flesh that they enjoy great peace, and they hardly know what a painful temptation is. This usually happens in two ways: some have peace and purity by their natural constitution, while others have it by choice and the gift of God.1 Those who have this by natural temperament shouldn't get too puffed up over the peace they feel, or look down on anyone they see being tempted. Because the virtue of chastity isn't measured by having this peace, but by having a firm purpose in the soul not to offend our Lord in this sin. If someone, while being tempted in the flesh, holds this good purpose in the soul more firmly than someone who doesn't face these battles, the one under attack is more chaste than the one who has peace. Nor should these well-tempered people lose heart and say, "I do little, or gain little, by being chaste." Instead, they should make good use of their natural bent, choosing chastity with the spirit to please the Lord—the very thing their inclination invites them to.2 In this way, they'll serve God with the higher part of the soul through a virtuous choice, and with the sensitive part through its obedience and good inclination.
The Perfect Gift of the Holy Spirit
God grants a higher state of grace where the sensitive appetite is fully pacified and brought into harmony with the spirit, mirroring the peace of the coming Kingdom.
There are others who, not by natural inclination but by our Lord's gift, are so chaste that they feel a deep hatred for this baseness in their soul; and in their sensitive nature they have such obedience that they don't drag themselves reluctantly to what reason commands, but obey with delight and readiness, maintaining deep peace in both. This excellent state is what the philosophers described when they said there were some people so exceptional that their minds were so purged that they not only did good without a war of passions, but, having thoroughly conquered them, had even forgotten them; and that the passions not only didn't conquer them, but didn't even assail them.3 But what the philosophers spoke of and did not possess—because without grace there is no true virtue—good Christians do have: those to whom God is pleased to grant this perfect gift, not won by their own strength, but rather granted by his strong and heavenly Holy Spirit, which is given through Jesus Christ our Lord, in the likeness of that same Lord, who had, in corruptible flesh, the integrity of virginity.4 This heavenly Spirit pours perfect chastity into those to whom He chooses to give it. And He does this: just as the higher part of the soul is, in perfect obedience, utterly subject to God, and receives from Him powerful strengths and most excellent light—being so perfectly united with Him and so governed by His will that the Apostle says, "Whoever draws near to God is one spirit with Him"—so this power of God, which pours strength into the sensory part and disposes it, makes that part, having left behind the bestiality and fierceness it has by nature, obey reason with delight and give itself over very subject to it. Although they are different by nature—one spiritual and the other sensual—the sensory part draws so close to reason and accepts its bridle so well that it remains tamed and domesticated. Even though it isn't reason itself, it behaves as if it were, not hindering the spirit but helping it, like a faithful wife to her husband. And just as there are souls of some people so miserably given over to their flesh that they are guided by no other compass than its appetite, and though spiritual by nature sink into the miserable subjection of their body—so transformed into their flesh that they become thoroughly carnal and seem, in their will and thoughts, a pure piece of flesh—so the sensuality of these others joins so closely with reason that it seems more reason than the very souls of those others.5 This seems a hard thing to believe; but in the end it is the work and gift of God, granted through Jesus Christ his only Son, especially in the time of the Christian Church—of which time it was prophesied that wolf and lamb, bear and lion, would eat together; for the irrational affections of the sensory part, which like fierce animals wanted to swallow and mistreat the soul, are pacified by the gift of Jesus Christ, and having left their own war, they live in peace, as Job says: The beasts of the earth will be at peace with you, and with the stones of the region you will have friendship. And then what is written in the Psalm is fulfilled: You, man of one mind with me, my guide, and my familiar friend, who used to eat sweet foods with me—we walked in the house of God with one consent.6 The inner man speaks these words to his outer man, holding him so subject that he calls him one in soul with him. He is so conformed to his will that he says they both eat sweet foods together and walk as one in the house of God. They are such friends that if the inner man feeds on chastity, or prays, or fasts and keeps vigil, and takes up other holy exercises, finding great sweetness in them, the outer man also does these works, and they taste to him like sweet food.7
The Reality of Peace in Exile
While the soul may experience profound peace, it remains in exile and must still navigate occasional movements of the passions, though these do not disturb the soul's true rest.
But don't think that anyone in this life reaches such a level of peace that they never experience, at times, impulses against their reason; for apart from Christ our Redeemer and his holy Mother, this privilege hasn't been granted to anyone. But you must understand that even though these movements may arise in the people to whom God grants this gift, they are neither of such a kind nor so many that they cause them much distress; rather, without putting them in the straits of heavy warfare or taking away their true peace, they are lightly overcome by them. It’s like seeing two boys quarreling in a city and then quickly making up; we wouldn't say that the city lacked peace just because of that brief fight, provided that peace still held among the rest of the people. And since the philosophers themselves admitted this state without knowing the powers of the Holy Spirit, it should not be hard for the Christian to confess this, and to desire it for the glory of Christ's redemption and of his power, for whom nothing is impossible; of whose coming it was prophesied that there would be abundance of peace in him.✦ Isaiah describes it as being like a river.✦ And Saint Paul says it surpasses all understanding.✦8
Taming the Flesh
When the flesh is mortified and obedient to reason, it ceases to be a source of temptation and becomes a disciplined servant, though it must always be tested by the spirit.
When the flesh is obedient and tempered in this way, we are well beyond hearing its language and safe from falling under the terrible curse God laid on Adam, our father, because he listened to the voice of his wife.✦ Instead, we make her serve us and hear our voice. Like a bird shut in a cage, we teach her to speak our language, and she learns it because she obeys us promptly. Through that long obedience to reason, she becomes so well trained that if she asks for anything, it is out of need, not for pleasure. Then we may well listen to her, just as God commanded Abraham to hear the voice of his wife Sarah, who was already very old and whose flesh was so wasted and mortified that she no longer had the excesses of younger women. We can trust flesh like that a little more when we hear what it says to us.✦9 Still, we shouldn't trust her so far that her word is enough for us. Instead, we must examine her by the prudence of the spirit, so that what we thought was dead doesn't deceptively play half-dead and bring us down even more dangerously when we thought her most faithful.10
Read the original Latin
A otros da Nuestro Señor este bien de la castidad más copiosamente; porque no sólo les da en el ánima este aborrecimiento de sus deleites, mas tienen tanta templanza en su parte sensitiva y carne, que gozan de grande paz, y casi no saben qué es tentación que les dé pena. Y esto suele ser en dos maneras: unos tienen paz y limpieza por natural complexión; otros por elección y merced de Dios.
Los que por complexión natural, no deben de engreírse mucho con la paz que sienten, ni despreciar a quien ven tentado. Porque no se mide la virtud de la castidad por tener esta paz, mas por tener propósito firme en el ánima de no ofender en este pecado a nuestro Señor. Y si uno, siendo tentado en su carne, tiene este propósito bueno en su ánima, con mayor firmeza que el otro, que carece de aquestas guerras, más casto será éste combatido, que el otro con su paz. Ni tampoco deben estos bien acomplexionados desmayarse diciendo: Poco hago, o gano, en ser casto; mas deben aprovecharse de su buena inclinación, eligiendo con el espíritu la castidad por agradar al Señor, a la cual su inclinación les convida. Y de esta manera servirán a Dios con lo superior de su ánima por la elección virtuosa, y con la parte sensitiva con su obediencia y buena inclinación.
Otros hay, que no por inclinación natural, mas por merced de nuestro Señor, son tan castos, que en su ánima sienten entrañable aborrecimiento a aquesta vileza; y en su parte sensitiva tanta obediencia, que no va arrastrando a lo que le manda la razón, mas obedece con deleite y presteza, teniendo en entrambas entrañable paz. Este excelente estado rastrearon los filósofos que dijeron que había algunos varones tan excelentes, que tenían sus ánimos tan purgados, que no sólo obraban el bien sin guerra de pasiones, mas aun que, de muy vencidas, las tenían olvidadas; y que no sólo las pasiones no los vencían, mas aun ni los acometían. Mas esto que los filósofos hablaban y no tenían, porque sin gracia no hay verdadera virtud, los buenos cristianos lo tienen; a los cuales Dios quiere conceder este don perfecto, no ganado por fuerza de ellos, más concedido por el fuerte y celestial Espíritu Santo suyo, el cual se da por Jesucristo nuestro Señor, a semejanza del mismo Señor, que tuvo en carne corruptible entereza de virginidad.
Este celestial Espíritu infunde perfecta castidad en los que a Él place. Y hace esto, que así como lo superior del ánima está con perfecta obediencia sujetísimo a Dios, y recibe de Él poderosas fuerzas y excelentísima lumbre, estando unido tan perfectamente con Él y tan regido por la voluntad de Él, que diga el Apóstol: El que se llega a Dios, un espíritu es con Él; así esta eficacia de Dios que infunde fuerza y pone disposición en la parte sensitiva, hace que, dejada la bestialidad y fiereza que de su naturaleza tiene, obedezca con deleite a la razón y se le dé muy sujeta. Y aunque en la naturaleza sean diversas, por ser una espiritual y otra sensual, mas allégase tanto la parte sensitiva a la razón, y toma tan bien su freno, que anda domada y doméstica; y aunque no es razón, anda como razonada, no impidiendo, mas ayudando al espíritu, como fiel mujer a su marido. Y así como hay ánimas de algunos tan miserablemente dadas a su carne, que no se rigen por otro norte sino por el apetito de ella, y siendo de naturaleza espiritual, se abaten a la miserable sujeción de su cuerpo, tan transformados en su carne que se tornan encarnizadas y parecen, en su voluntad y pensamientos, un puro pedazo de carne, así la sensualidad de estotros se junta tanto con la razón, que parece más razón que las mismas ánimas de los otros.
Dificultosa cosa de creer parece ésta; mas, en fin, es obra y dádiva de Dios, concedida por Jesucristo su único Hijo, especialmente en el tiempo de la Iglesia cristiana; del cual tiempo estaba profetizado que habían de comer juntos lobo y cordero, oso y león; porque las afecciones irracionales de la parte sensitiva, que como fieros animales querían tragar y maltratar el ánima, son pacificadas por el don de Jesucristo, y dejada su propia guerra, viven en paz, como dice Job: Las bestias de la tierra te serán pacíficas, y con las piedras de la región tendrás amistad. Y entonces se cumple lo que es escrito en el Salmo, que dice: Tú, hombre unánime conmigo, y guía mía, y conocido mío, que comías conmigo los dulces manjares; anduvimos en la casa de Dios de un consentimiento. Las cuales palabras dice el hombre interior a su exterior; teniéndole tan sujeto que le llama de un ánima, y tan conforme a su querer que dice que comen entrambos dulces manjares, y andan en uno en la casa de Dios, porque están tan amigos, que si el interior come castidad, u ora, o ayuna y vela, y otros santos ejercicios, hallando mucha dulcedumbre en ellos, también el nombre exterior hace estas obras, y le saben como dulce manjar.
Mas no entendáis por aquesto que venga uno en este destierro a tener tanta abundancia de paz, que no sienta algunas veces, en esto o en otras cosas, movimientos contra su razón; porque sacando a Cristo nuestro Redentor y a su Madre sagrada, no fue a otros concedido este privilegio. Mas habéis de entender, que aunque haya estos movimientos en las personas a quien Dios concede este don, no son tales ni tantos que les den mucha pena; antes, sin ponerles en estrecho de mucha guerra, ni quitarles la verdadera paz, son ligeramente por ellos vencidos. Como si viésemos en una ciudad a dos muchachos reñir, y luego se apaciguasen, no diríamos que por aquella breve contienda faltaba paz en la ciudad, si la hubiese en los restantes del pueblo. Y pues este estado confesaban los filósofos, sin conocer las fuerzas del Espíritu Santo, no sea dificultoso al cristiano confesar esto, y desearlo a gloria de la redención de Cristo y de su poder, al cual no hay cosa imposible; de cuyo advenimiento estaba profetizado que había de haber en él abundancia de paz. La cual llama Isaías ser como río. Y San Pablo dice ser sobre todo sentido.
Pues cuando la carne así estuviere obediente y templada, entonces estamos bien lejos de oír su lenguaje, y seguros de caer en la terrible maldición que echó Dios a Adán nuestro padre porque oyó la voz de su mujer. Antes nosotros hacemos a ella que nos sirva y oiga nuestra voz; y como a pájaro encerrado en jaula, le enseñamos a hablar nuestro lenguaje, y ella lo aprende, pues con presteza nos obedece. De la cual larga obediencia que a la razón tiene, queda tan bien acostumbrada, que si algo pide, no son deleites, sino necesidad, y entonces bien la podemos oír, según Dios mandó a Abraham que oyese la voz de su mujer Sara, que era ya muy vieja, y su carne tan enflaquecida y mortificada que no tenía las superfluidades de otras mujeres de menos edad: y de esta tal carne algo más podemos fiar oyendo lo que nos dice. Aunque no debemos tanto creerla, que su dicho nos baste; mas debemos examinarla por la prudencia del espíritu, porque la que pensábamos estar muerta no se haga engañosamente mortecina, y tanto más peligrosamente nos derribe, cuando por más fiel la teníamos.
Scripture echoes
- ↩Luke.1.37;Matt.19.26 — For nothing will be impossible with God. Matt.19.26 — Jesus looked at them and said, "With people this is impossible, but with God all things are possible."
- ↩Isa.48.18 — Oh that you had listened to my commandments! Then your peace would have been like a river, and your righteousness like the waves of the sea.
- ↩Phil.4.7 — And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
- ↩Gen.3.17 — And to Adam he said, "Because you listened to the voice of your wife and ate from the tree of which I commanded you, 'You shall not eat from it,' cursed is the ground because of you; in toil you shall eat of it all the days of your life.
- ↩Gen.21.12 — But God said to Abraham, "Do not be distressed about the boy or about your slave woman. Listen to Sarah in all she says to you, for through Isaac your offspring will be reckoned.
Notes
- 1 ↩Spanish 'merced de Dios' rendered as 'gift of God' (divine favor/grant), not generic 'mercy,' to keep the nature-vs-grace contrast with 'natural complexión.'
- 2 ↩"bien acomplexionados" rendered as "well-tempered" (good natural constitution/temperament), matching "complexión natural" in s1 and the chapter's nature-vs-grace frame.
- 3 ↩rastrearon: rendered as 'traced' (caught the trail/outline of); the next sentence clarifies that philosophers spoke of this state without truly possessing it.
- 4 ↩Source has 'más concedido'; contrastive sense is 'mas' (but rather), not 'más' (more); translated as 'but rather granted'.
- 5 ↩encarnizadas: rendered "thoroughly carnal" for the sense of souls so fused with flesh that they become flesh-like; not the later sense of "enraged."
- 6 ↩"hombre unánime" renders the Psalm's like-minded/one-souled companion (Vulg. unanimis); kept as "man of one mind" rather than modern paraphrase, since the next sentence builds on that unity of soul.
- 7 ↩Source reads "el nombre exterior"; context (hombre interior / su exterior / entrambos) strongly implies "el hombre exterior." Translated as "the outer man" and flagged for review.
- 8 ↩Spanish 'sobre todo sentido' tracks the Pauline 'above every sense/understanding' (pax Dei quae exuperat omnem sensum).
- 9 ↩"superfluidades" rendered as "excesses": the point is residual sensual surplus in younger flesh, not mere bodily abundance.
- 10 ↩"mortecina" kept as "half-dead / play half-dead": not fully dead but feigning or lingering in a moribund state that can still deceive.
Audi Filia (Hear, O Daughter) companion
Rule yourself daily, not just on retreat
Chosen Portion turns the mirror into a daily practice — a short reading and examining question each morning before you lead anyone.
Chosen Portion makes the mirror daily: the ruler-formation questions this collection preserves become a two-minute morning examination in the app.
- A daily formation reading drawn from centuries of counsel to those in authority
- One pointed examination question a day — two minutes, before the meetings start
- Track your practice over weeks and watch the examined life become a habit